Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1256014
The present Inventlon relates to a method for the manu-
facture of a paper web wlth decoratlve edge cuttlng comprlslng
the separatlon of at least one edge portlon of a paper web whlIst
at the same tlme a decoratlve, Irregular edge structure Is
6 Imparted to the outer lateral edge of the web formed by the sepa-
ratlon. The Inventlon relates further to a method for dlvldlng
such a web cut along the edge Into sheets by severlng pleces of
sheet from the web whlIst forming a decoratlve Irregular edge
cuttlng transversely to the web.
In the manufacture of hand-made paper In the form of
sheets a decoratlve, Irregular, outer edge Is obtalned. However,
the manufacture of such paper Is very expenslve and such hand-
made paper occurs, therefore, only to a very llmlted extent.
It has been found that paper of the same hlgh, and an
even more unlform quallty then the exlstlng hand-made paper can
be produced by mechanlcal means, but that the same decoratlve
edge structure Is not obtalned by thls method owlng to the
mechanIcal paper belng produced In an endless web and not In
slngle sheets.
However, mechanlcally made paper of hlgh qualIty wlth
decoratlve edge cuttlng can be produced If the cuttlng Is carrled
out In a speclal manner and after speclal premachlnlng of the
paper materlal. Accordlng to the present Inventlon the paper web
Is compressed In the separatlng zone by means of cooperatlng
rollers, whereupon the web Is conducted over a roller comprlslng
a cuttlng or tearlng devlce, e.g. a tear wlre, knlfe or cuttlng
wheel, whlch Is located so that It Is made to engage wlth the
sald compressed reglon of the web when the same Is led over the
roller and that the web, when It Is led past the cuttlng or tear-
lng devlce, Is broken up In Its longltudlnal dlrectlon.
Accordlng to the present Inventlon therefore there Is
provlded a method for the manufacture of a paper web or paper
~ ~ 1~
~I~
~2560~
sheets wlth decoratlve edge cuttlng comprlslng the separatlon of
at least one edge portlon of a paper web whlIst at the same tlme
a decoratlve, Irregular edge structure Is Imparted to the outer
lateral edge of the web formed by the separatlon In whlch method
6 the paper web Is compressed In the separatlng zone by means of
cooperatlng rollers, whereupon the web Is conducted over a roller
comprlslng a cuttlng or tearlng devlce whlch Is located so that
It Is made to engage wlth the sald compressed reglon of the web
when the same Is led over the roller and that the web, when It Is
led past the cuttlng or tearlng devlce, Is broken up In Its
longltudlnal dlrectlon. Sultably the paper web Is provlded wlth
longltudlnal and transverse dandy roller marks or watermar~s In
narrow edge zones, the sald compression of the paper web as well
as the sald separatlon of the paper web belng carrled out In
these edge zones. Deslrably the sald compresslon of the
separatlng zones Is carrled out by means of a tool wlth convex
worklng surface. Preferably the sald tool has a v-shaped cross-
sectlon wlth rounded front portlon. Sultably the compresslon of
the sald longltudlnal edge zones Is carrled out wlth the help of
2~ at least one rotatlng roller whlch Is provlded wlth annular
rldge-lIke portlons arranged around the perlphery of the roller
and that the hold-on roller Is constltuted of a plaln roller wlth
hard surface. Preferably the compresslon of the sald transverse
edges Is carrled out by means of a rotatlng roller wlth stralght
rldge-lIke portlons arranged axlally on the surface of the roller
and that the hold-on Is constltuted of a plaln roller wlth hard
! surface.
,
In an embodIment of the process of the present Inven-
tlon the web Is dlvlded Into sheets by the web, wlth cut edge and
provlded wlth transverse compressed zones, belng conducted
between two Indlvldually drlven palrs of rollers arranged at a
' dlstance from one another, the flrst palr of rollers belng drIven
at a constant perIpheral speed whllst the second palr of rollers
Is drIven at varylng perlpheral speeds In such a manner that the
end of the web delIvered from the flrst palr of rollers Is made
- 1a ~
- ~2560~4
to engage wlth the second palr of rollers whlch at the tIme Is at
a lower perlpheral speed than the flrst palr of rollers, and so-
called slack arlslng as a result on the part of the web sltuated
between the palrs of roliers, whereupon the perlpheral speed of
the second palr of rollers Is made to ~ncrease so that the part
of the web between the sald palrs of rollers Is stretched and Is
subJected to a tenslle stress of such a magnltude that the com-
pressed transverse portlon whlch Is sltuated between the palrs of
rollers Is forced to break, produclng an Indlvldually separated
sheet whlch as It Is engaged by the second palr of rollers Is
delIvered at a faster rate than the rate of feed of the web whlch
Is fed forward by the flrst palr of rollers.
.
'' .
', 30
' 35
';
......
- 1b -
12560~4
-- 2 --
An embodiment of the method in accordance with the i vention
~ cc~rnPaQy'~
will be described in the following with reference to the cnelo~e~
schematic drawing, wherein
Fig 1. shows an arrangement for the edge and sheet cutting
of a paper web,
Fig 2. shows a cross-section of the arrangement for compress-
ion of the paper web,
Fig 3. shows an arrangement for the cutting of the longitudi-
nal edges, and
Fig 4. shows the web schematically in its different phases
during the cutting into sheets.
The manufacture of the web or sheet in accordance with the
invention is started already during the paper making, where the
paper stock in the normal manner is poured onto an endless wire
screen. In a known manner so-called watermarks can be obtained
in a paper by treating the paper pulp on the screen with a so-
called dandy roller. This dandy roller consists of a cylinder
clad with a screenlike wire netting. In this wire netting is
inlaid a pattern of other wires which on the one hand project
a little outside the surface of the wire cylinder and on the
other hand reduce the mesh width on the net-clad cylinder. Along
the region where additional wires have been inserted so-called
watermarks are formed if the dandy roller is made to rotate with
the screen and in so doing has its surface in the paper pulp.
It is possible in this manner to form longitudinal and transverse
zones or edges which form watermarks in the finished paper. It
is ensured of course that the width between the "watermark edges"
of the dandy roller becomes the desired width of the final web
or sheet, and that the distance between the transverse watermark
edges will correspond to the desired length of the sheets in
the case where the web is intended to be divided up into
individual sheets.
~2560~4
After drying of the paper web holes 42 may be made in
the edge portions 41 of the web 2 for the guiding and feeding
of the paper web e.g. into a data printer. As is evident from
fig.4, the web 2 is provided with longitudinal watermark
lines 43 and transverse watermark lines 44 which jointly
delimit the sheet 45 which is to be produced, this sheet
having a decorative, irregular edge zone 46 in the said water-
mark zones 44 and 43. This combination of a watermark zone
around the edge of the sheet 45 in conjunction with the irre
gular edge cutting and the otherwise high quality of the paper
give the impression of the paper having been hand-made.
Thus the paper web~is made in the normal manner but is
provided with at least longitudinal watermark lines 43 and,
if the web is to be converted to sheets, also with trans-
verse watermark lines 44. The said paper web produced is rolledonto a magazine roll l which is shown in fig. l, and the web 2 is
led over the deflection rollers 3 to be conducted subsequently
to the treatment station I where the web in the longitudinal
watermark zones 43 is subjected to a compression with the help
of a tool which is arranged on a roller 4 and which operates
against a plain hold-on roller 5. On the tool roller 4, which
can be pressed against the hold-on roller 5 with the help of
a spring or an air cylinder 8, a tool is arranged, the working
surface of which has a profile 9 as shown in fig. 2. The com-
pression tool 9 ;s thus of a convex shape and preferably a V-
shape with rounded front surface and when the web 2 is conducted
between the rollers 5 and 4 the tool 9 will be pressed 1nto the
web 2, and since the tool 9 is arranged around the periehery of
the web 4 the tool 9 will during the rolling movement continuous-
ly compress a zone A of the web 2 whilst the web is conducted
12S6014.
past the roller pair ~ and 5. Owing to the particular shapeof the tool 9 the compression will be greatest at the front
part of the tool 9 and diminish then towards the edges of the
compression zone A. The compressed zone can be made of any
width, but in the present case the wi-dth of the compressed
zone is 1 - 5mm. As is evident from fig. 2, the compressed
zone A is located within the zone B which represents the zones 43
with the longitudinal watermark edges. The tool 9 is thus brought
into engagement with the web 2 along the longitudinal watermark
zones 43 and is guided so that during the whole time the compress-
ion zone is inside the watermark zone 43. Since the web 2 has
two watermark zones 43, the roller 4 is provided with two annular
tools arranged around the periphery of the roller which are adapted
so that they both operate within the watermark edge zones 43,
and the pressure with which the tool 9 is pressed against the web
2 can be regulated with the help of springs or air cylinders;8.
The tool 9 is preferably made of steel and the plain hold-on
roller 5 too is preferably made of steel. The web treated
in this manner in station I is conducted to station II which
comprises a rotating roller 6, this roller being provided with
grooves 20 which are arranged at such a distance from each other
that their mutual position corresponds to the compressed water-
mark zones 43. The station II, moreover, comprises a cutting
arrangement 7 which consists of a stationary wire 21, preferably
of metal, which is clamped between clamping points 22 fixed
to the frame of machine.
~ Is is evident from fig.3, the wire 21 is clamped in such
a manner that it is inclined in respect of the web and forms
an acute angle alpha with the web. The wire 21 is located so
that it lies in the groove 20 preferably without resting against
the roller 6. The wires 21 are preferably adjusted so in their
position that they correspond to the position of the compressed
~25Ei014
zone A on the watermark edges 43.
When the web 2 is led over the roller 6 the tearing wires
21 will tear up the material web 2 along the compressed parts
of the watermark edge zones 43, the outer edges being separated
whilst the tearing edge obtains a so~ewhat irregular edge struc-
ture.
In the station III the separated edge zone 46 is machined
again by two co-operating clamp rollers which are pressed against
each other in the edge zone, any portions of the edge zone
which may have "napped up" being pressed together. The web 2
- is led over the deflection roller 10 up to the station IV
where two co-operating and controlled clamp rollers compress
the transverse watermark zones 44. This compression is carried
out with linear pressing tools which are arranged a~ially to
the surface of the clamp rollers 12, and the compression of
the transverse watermark zones 44 is carried out in such a manner
that the paper web is not completely severed but is substantially
weakened in as much as the paper fibres are crushed. It is also
possible to arrange on the rollers 12 hinged clippers for the
severing of the paper sheets, but in this case it is not possible
to achieve the same attractive edge structure as when the paper
fibres are crushed and the sheets 45 are subsequently separated
from the web 2 by pulling until the weakened watermark zone is
caused to break. The cylinders 11 in the station IV have to be
controlled so that the tools will engage at the right place,
that is to say within the watermark edge 44 and this can be
done e.g. by means of a photocellcontrol. This control functions
so that a photocell indicates the position Gf the watermark
zone 44 which is more transparent than the surrounding portions,
whereupon a signal is transmitted to the driving unit for the
pair of rollers so that the too1s 12, 13 will engage with the
paper web 2 precisely in the transverse watermark zones 44.
12560~4
In case the web 2 is not completely severed but only weakened
through compression of the watermark zone 44 the web is int w -
duced between two driven rollers 14 which are driven by a motor
15 by means of a belt 16. In the tear-off station IV the web 2,
after it has left the rollers 14, is ~ed further to the rollers
19 which with the help of a transmission 17 are driven by a
gear which imparts an intermittent speed to the rollers.
In the station IV the individual sheets 45 are severed
from the web 2 in that the front part of the web is torn or
pulled loose from the rest of the web, the severing taking place
along the weakened watermark zone 44. The tearing off takes
place so that the web is advanced by and is held tight between the
rollers 14 and that the front end of the web 2 is similarly
advanced and held tight between the rollers 19. To the pair
15 of rollers 19 a rate of feed is imparted in a first phase which
is less than the rate of feed of the pair of rollers 14. This
means that the part of the web 2 which is between the pairs
of rollers 14 and 19 is slightly slackened. In a second phase,
though the rate of feed of the pair of rollers 19 is increased
so that it becomes higher than the rate of feed of the pairof
rollers 14 and when this happens the web is suddenly stretched,
the tensile stresses in the web becoming so great that it breaks
along the compressed and weakened portion which is located in
the watermark zones 44. As the pair of rollers 19 continues
at its higher rate of feed the sheet 45 which has been torn loose
will be transported to the stack 30 of sheets before the front
end of the web, which is fed forward with the hel p of pair of
rollers 14, has time to advance to the nip between the pair
of rollers 19.
The sheet 45 produced which has been treated in the above
mentioned manner will have around its edge a narrow "watermark
zone" and a somewhat irregular edge structure which is reminis-
~2560~4
-- 7 --
cent of that which is found on hand-made paper.
In certain cases it is not desired to sever the individual
sheets from the web 2, but to retain the web. The edge zone 41 of
the web may then be provided with holes 42 adapted for a feed
by means of toothed wheels. The edge zonewith holes 42 can be
used for toothed wheel feed in an arrangement of the type as
shown in fig. I but it can also be used in conjunction with
printouts from automatic printers of the type used in connec-
tion with computers. If the guiding is done with the help of
the toothed holes in the edge zones of the web 2, a very
accurate feed of the web can be obtained and the edge zones 41
are severed in the manner as described earlier in the station I~
so that after passage of the clamp rollers 23 in the station III
they are removed as edge clippings and be dumped into a collect-
;ng device 24.
The arrangement described here is intended only as anexample of such an arrangement representin~an embodiment of the
invention and it is possible, for example, to use instead of
the tearing wire 21 a rotating knife or a fixed (blunt) knife
edge.
