Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~'25~7~4L
Heat-Insulating ~indow
The invention relates to a heat-insulating window for
buildings, comprising a facing frame delimiting a
window opening and being insertable into a wall hole,
at least one glass pane being provided in the window
opening.
A high percentage of heat loss in buildings has been
experienced in the window region. On the other hand,
windows also act as solar collectors by allowing in-
cident heat radiation to pass and to be converted into
heat inside the building.
It has been known to mount at a window a heat-insulat-
ing curtain comprising several curtain webs which are
unwound from rolls to form air chambers extending in
parallel to the window and in which stationary air
cushions may be produced. Such a curtain formed of
several air chambers may be spread e.g. by night to
prevent heat present in the building from getting out
at the glass panes of the building. The curtain may be
wound up when sun shines so that heat may radiate
freely into the building. The known heat-insulating
curtains which are fitted separately behind a window
require an independent support construction that will
be mounted separa~ely from the window, inside the
building.
It is the object of the invention to provide a heat-
insulating window of the above type which comprises an
integrated curtain structure and the assembly of
which, from the building viewpoint, is simplified.
` ~L2S~;7~
-- 2 --
To solve the problem, the invention provides that the
window frame is secured to an installation frame con-
nected with the wall and containing behind the window
opening a window chamber and outside the window cham-
ber an auxiliary chamber supporting several rolls on
which curtain webs are wound that may be unwound into
the window chamber.
The installation frame of the heat-insulating window
of the invention is firmly mounted in an opening of
the external building wall~ ~t said installation
frame, the facing frame is fastened subsequently to
secure thereto firmly either the glass pane or a case-
ment carrving the glass pane and adapted to be opened.
Thus, the installation frame is intended to house the
heat-insulating curtain, on the one hand, and to mount
the window frame which may be simply fitted at the
installation frame e.g. by previously provided fixture
elements. By this means, involved assembly works for
mounting the heat-insulating curtain or the window
frame are avoided. The assembly frame is a prefabric-
ated element which, on the part of the builder, is
incorporated into the wall structure and to which all
remaining window elements may be secured suhsequently~
In a way, the installation frame is integrated into
the wall of the building, and, generally, it does not
project from the wall inside or outside. If the cur-
tain webs are wound up, incident light may freely pass
through the window chamber. If the curtain webs are
unwound, the window space is divided by the curtain
webs into several air chambers in which steady air is
present as a heat-insulating means. Thus, heat in-
sulation is very effective without requiring addition-
al space within the window range except for the
-- 3
auxiliary chamber in which the rolls are located. Said
auxiliary chamber being inside the wall does not re-
duce the useful volume of the building.
Preferably, the auxiliary chamber is separated from
the window chamber by an intermediate wall, comprising
slots for the passage of the curtain webs. The upper
ends of the air chambers are closed by the inter-
mediate wall thus inhibiting or at least restricting
to a far extent the air exchange of the air chambers.
Conveniently, the window chamber is delimited towards
the building inside by at least one further glass pane
which mav be mounted in an inner casement fitted at
another facing frame which is secured to the installa-
tion frame. Thus, the access to the window chamber is
ensured from the building inside in order to open the
casement of inner and outer window to admit fresh air.
The window chamber is closed preferably in all round.
Due to the installation frame, an inner and an outer
window may be mounted which inner and/or outer window
may extend over the total height of the installation
frame.If one casement is opened, not only the windol;
chamber but also the auxiliary chamber will be opened
as well. Therefore/ by opening one casement only, a
simple access is offered to the auxiliary chamber in
view of maintenance or cleaning purposes. On the other
hand, a look into the auxiliary chamber shall not be
possible from ~he building inside so that it is ad-
visable to provide for the inner wing frame a non-
transparent shield within the range of the auxiliary
chamber.
~l~S~ 1L4
-- 4
To obtain tight air chambers and to avoid air circula-
tion between the latter, it is provided that the side
walls of the installation frame comprise vertical
guide slots which are engaged by the borders of the
curtain webs. The installation frame may also include
a bottom wall with slots for the engagement of the
lower borders of the curtain webs. By this means, the
individual air chambers are closed air-tightly to a
far extent when the curtain webs are unwound.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention,
a -further au~iliary chamber to receive air condition-
ing and control devices is provided beneath the window
chamber. In this case, the installation frame extends
to near the floor. The transparent window range be-
ginning only in parapet height, the space beneath the
window chamber is available as an auxiliary chamber in
which drive assemblies, control devices, conditioning
instruments, heat exchangers, air humidifyers etc. may
be installed. Further, the external wall of the addi-
tional auxiliary chamber may be designed as a solar
collector collecting heat from solar radiation and/or
from ambient air of the building to transmit it into
the building inside. Said solar collector is also
mounted at the installation frame or at the block case
and need not be secured directly at the building wall
or brickwork. It is also possible to house in the
further cavity for inst. a chemical heat reservoir.
Usually, conventional window frames are anchored by
hooks in the wall holes~ As a result, broad gaps being
left around window must be filled with an insulating
foam to be plastered subsequently. Due to the defect-
ive insulation in said sites, heat losses may occur
~:25~i7~L4
-- 5
and, moreover, the wall holes frequently do not compl~
with the dimensions provided in the architectural
drawings.
It is, therefore, a further object of the invention to
provide a heat insulating window of the foregoing type
which, by improving heat insulation around the frame,
also contibutes to simplifying assemb] on the part of
the builder and to reducing manufacturing costs of the
building.
To solve said problem it is provided, according to the
invention, that the facing frame of the external
window is fixed at a block case inserted in the wall
opening.
With the wall structure element of the invention, the
block case may be incorporated upon putting up a floor
or an intermediate ceiling and prior to erecting the
walls of a building. Thus, a high dimensional accuracy
may be realised for the incorporation of the block
case in the brick system and heat losses such as
caused by a subsequent mounting of windows in wall
holes because of joints or defective joint seals are
avoided. The battering of walls at window openings and
the fitting of windows in window apertures being un-
necessary, considerable cost may be saved for the
manufacture of a building. Moreover, constructional
errors such as wall openings not true to the design as
to the mounting dimensions are practically excluded,
hecause the block case predetermines the dimensions of
the wall holes. Thereafter, th~ facing frame is
fastened at the block case. Then, either the glass
pane is secured to the former, or a casement adapted
to support the glass pane and to be opened will be
.
3L~S67~L4
provided. The block case is a prefabricated element
which is incorporated by the builder in the wall
structure in view of fixing thereto all the other mem-
bers of the window. In other words, the block case is
an element integrated with the wall of the building
and as a rule, it does not project inwardly or out-
wardly from the wall.
.
In one embodiment of the invention, there is provided
at the upper block case end above a window chamber
behind the window aperture a box comprising a first
auxiliary chamber, the box housing at least one roller
for curtain webs which are broader than the facing
frame, and which may be unwound towards the window
space, the underside of the box including an inter-
mediate wall having slots for the passage of the
curtain webs and guiding elements for spreading the
individual curtain webs.
Advantageously, the box for the curtain webs may be
mounted in brickwork by reducing the joint width to a
minimum, thus excluding within the range of the roller
shutter casing the unretentive points regarding heat
losses usual with conventional construction.
The intermediate wall separating the first auxiliary
chamber from the window chamber contains slots for the
passage of curtain webs. The upper ends of air cham-
bers formed in the window chamber by,spreading the
curtain webs are closed by the intermediate wall thus
restricting considerably or inhibiting the air ex-
change of the air chambers. If the curtain we}?s are
wound up, incident light may freely enter the room. On
the o-ther hand, if the curtain webs are unwound, ~,he
7~
-- 7
window space is divided by the curtain webs into
several air chambers, in which steady air is present
at a heat-insulating means. Thus, heat insulation is
very effective without requiring additional space
within the window range except for the box housing the
rolls and being mounted inside the wall thus not re-
ducing the useful volume of the building. The curtain
webs being broader than the facing frame of the e~-
ternal window improve heat insulation with the range
of the window frame accordingly.
At the block case and/or near the vertical side faces
confining the window chamber, there are fitted verti-
cal guide profiles engaged by the edges of the curtain
webs. At the lower end of the window opening, there
are horizontal end profiles in which the lower edges
of the curtain webs disappear in unwound condition.
By guiding profiles of the slot type, tight air cham-
bers are realised and air circulation between the air
chambers is inhibited in that the edges of the curtain
web engage the slots of the guide profiles. Due to
horizontal end profiles mounted at the window opening
end, the engagement of the lower edges of the curtain
webs preferably containing loading reails, is ensured
thus causing a nearly air-tight closure of the indivi-
dual air chambers when the curtain webs are unwound.
Preferably, the guide profiles are of the plug type
combinable subject to the number of curtain webs.
Thus/ a simply and quick assembly of the guide pro-
files is possible.
~ 567~4
Towards the building, the block case may contain pro-
jecting vertical side walls and a horizontal bottom or
ceiling wall.
By this means, plastering of the front faces of the
external wall pointing to the window opening may be
neglected, the external wall being brickes nearly as
far as to the side wàlls.
According to a preferred embodiment, an installation
frame enclosing at least the window chamber is pro-
vided to secure thereto the guide profiles and end
profiles and to connect therewith the hlock case.
The installation frame is a prefabricated element
which may be fixed subsequently at the block case.
Thus, upon the mounting of the block case, the total
bare brickwork including plastering may be finalised
first prior to mounting the installation frame which
is meant to receive the curtains in the window chamber
and to house air conditioners etc. in the second
auxiliary chamber. The completely equipped installa-
tion frame may be connected subsequently e.g. by a
plug connection with the block case. As a result,
assembly works at the building site may be disregarded
to a far extent, it being possible to outfit the in-
stallation frame in an economic manner for inst. in a
conveyer-line production. Due to the sul-sequent mount-
ing in the final phase of a building schedule, expens-
ive e;ements of the building cannot be damaged or
stolen when the building is still unfinished.
The intermediate wall including the curtain webs and
rollers is provided preferably as a module which may
be quickly mounted subsequently in the box.
3L~5~;7~4L
_ 9
Some embodiments of the invention will be explained
hereinafter in more detail with reference to the draw-
ings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a heat insulating window
from the outside of the building,
Fig. 2 is a schematlc section along line II-II of Fig.
1,
Fig. 3 is a schematic section along line III-III of
Fig. 1,
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section of another embodi-
ment of the heat insulating window,
Fig. 5 is an external view of a heat insulating window
extending down to the bottom,
Fig. 6 is a vertical section of Fig. 5,
Fig. 7 is another embodiment with an air conditioner,
Fig. 8 is a vertical cross section of an embodiment of
the heat insulating ~Jindow,
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a prefabricated hloc~
case seen from the outside of the building,
Fig. 10 is a schematic cross section along line
X-X of Fig. 8,
~L~5~ 4 4
-- 10 --
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of another embodiment of
a block case with side walls and incorporated box from
the inside of the building,
Fig. 12 is a lateral guide profile for curtain webs,
Fig. 13 is an end profile for curtain webs and
Fig. 14 is another embodiment of an end profile.
Figs. 1 to 3 show an embodiment comprising a rect-
angular installation frame 10 which its into a wall
opening of a building and which carries at least one
outer window and the supporting structure for one heat
insulating curtain. The installation frame 10 having a
depth corresponding substantially to the thickness of
the building wall is divided by a intermediate
separating wall 13 into a window chamber 11 and an
overlying auxiliary chamber 12. Facing frame 14 of an
outer window is secured to the outside ena of installa-
tion frame 10 and facin~ frame 15 of an inner window
is secured to the inside end of the installation frame
10. Each of the facing frames 14 and 15 i5 placed
against the front side of the installation frame to be
connected thereto, with the interposition of suitable
seals, by (non-illustrated) fixing means. Facing
frames 14 and 15 consist of known window profiles.
They contain casement frames adapted to be opened thus
giving a direct access to the window chamber 11 from
the building outside and inside through the opene~
window. In this embodiment, the facing frame 14 of the
outer window only extends over the height of the
window chamber 11 of the installation frame so that
window chamber 11 only is closed to the outside by
~;S~4
-- 11 --
the external window, while the auxiliary chamber 12 is
closed to the outside by a non-trànsparent shield 16
closely fitted at the installation frame 10. On the
other hand, the inner window extends over the total
height of the installation frame thus allowing not
only the access to the window chamber 11 but also to
the auxiliary chamber 12 when the wing of the inner
window is opened.
The installation frame 1~ consists of a bottom wall
17, a ceiling wall 18 and two side walls 19, 20 having
the same width so that a box-shaped frame is formed
with open main surfaces which are closed by the sub-
sequently mounted inner and outer windows having each
a wing to be opened, and by the facing 16 resp.
All OL the walls 17 to 20 of the installation frame 10
consist of the same profile including a substantially
rectangular box 21 extending over the total depth of
the installation frame and forming the external wall
portion. From the inner wall of the box 21 designed as
a closed hollow profile, there extend stems 22 towards
the frame inside to the inner wall 23 (Fig. 3), the
inner wall 23 not being continuous but consisting of
strip-shaped wall portions 23' provided in one co~on
plane and supported each by one of the stems 22.
Between the wall portions 23', there are slots 24. All
of the walls 17 to 20 being of the same profile, a
slot 24 of one of the walls is continued in all of the
other walls thus resulting in a peripherally circum-
jacent slot inside the installation frame. The inter-
mediate wall 13 extending in parallel to the bottom
wall 17 and to the ceiling wall 18 comprises a series
of C-profiles 25 being each as broad as the wall por-
~s~
- 12 -
tions 23' and being secured to them by L-shaped hol-
ders 26. Between the C-profiles 25, slot-shaped pas-
sages 27 are provided`for the curtain webs.
The auxiliary chamber 12 houses a plurality of rollers
28 supported pivotally with horizontal axles and hav-
ing wound on them the curtain webs 29. All of the
rollers 28 may be driven in common by a (non-
illustrated) electric drive system thus permitting to
wind on and off synchroneously all of the curtain webs
29. It is, however, also possible to perform an in-
dividual control of the curtain webs 29. The lateral
edges of each curtain web are guided in slots 24 so
that between two curtain webs 29 a closed air chamber
30 can be formed in the window chamber 11. The lower
ends of the curtain webs 29 may be conducted through
the slot 24 of the bottom wall 17 thus resulting in a
closing of the air chambers 30 also at the bottom end.
Within the region of the auxiliary chamber 12, the
stems 22 and the wall portions 23' of the profile have
been removed to enable the rolls 28 carrving the wound
parts of the curtain webs 29 to extend between the box
profiles 21 of the side walls 19 and 20.
The auxiliary chamber 12 disposed above the window
chamber 11 also houses the control and drive elements
of the rollers 28, said control and drive elements
which are not illustrated, being secured to a support
plate 31 that is mounted beneath the cealing wall 18.
The embodiment of Fig. 4 shows the building wall 32
having a wall opening 33 to mount the installation
frame 10. The outside of the wall 32 includes a heat
insulating layer 34 in front of which, at a lateral
distance, the outer skin 35 is applied in the form of
~,~5~D~
- 13 -
a facing. The wall opening 33 is lined with another
insulating layer 36 enclosing the installation frame
10 to the outside of which, the facing frame 14 is
secured which extends over the height of the window
frame 11 and over the height of the auxiliary chamber
12, said facing frame comprising in the height of the
intermediate wall 13 a transverse bar 4. The facing
frame 14 consists of a known profile which need not be
explained in more detail. In the opening of the face
frame 14, there is positioned a casement 14' which
may be opened towards the window chambex 11 or towards
the inside. To this effect, it is hinged at the facing
frame 14. The casement 14` contains a window pane 37
made of insulating glass (double-glass) in the instant
case. The field of the facing frame 1~ disposed above
the transverse bar 4 contains a non-transparent shield
16 closing externally the auxiliary chamber 12. As
evident from Fig. 4, the outer skin 35 covers the
upper edge of the facing frame 14 placed from the in-
side against the outer skin 35 by means of an inter-
posed seal 38. Between the lower end of the facing
frame 14 and the outer skin 35, there is provided a
window sill 38'.
The rollers 28 carrying the curtain webs 29 are stag-
gered in height within the installation frame 10, one
roller each being positioned obliquely above the sub-
jacently arranged roller. Thus, the distances of the
slots 2~ and of the curtain webs 29 may be reduced,
and the depth of the installation frame 10 is inferior
to the depth of the wall 32 accordingly. Towards the
building inside, at the installation frame 10, there
is mounted a facing frame 15 to secure thereto a case-
ment 15' which may be tilted open towards the building
~2567~
~ la _
inside and which comprises a transverse bar 151 at -the
height of the intermediate wall 13. The field of the
casement 15' which closes the auxiliary chamber 12
contains a non-transparent screen 39 and the field of
the casement 15' that closes the window chamber 16 of
the installation frame 10 contains a glass pane 40.
Thus, the window chamber 11 as well as the auxiliary
chamber 12 are accessible if the casement 15' is
opened.
According to the embodiment of Fig. 4, the inter-
mediate wall 13 comprises individual round bars 3 ex-
tending between the side walls 19 and 20 of the in-
stallation frame 10 to form between them the slots 27
for the passage of the curtain webs 29 are formed.
The embodiment of Figs. 5 and 6 correspond to a far
degree to that of Fig. 4 so that only the differences
will be explained hereunder. The wall opening 33 ex-
tends as far as to the floor 41 of the space, the in-
stallation frame 10 being extended downwardly by an
additional frame element 10' having the same depth. In
front of the lower frame portion 10', a facing frame
42 affixed firmly to the installation frame 10,10'
contains a solid screen 43. Towards the building in-
side, the frame element 10' of the installation frame
10,10' is closed by an additional shield 44. The space
45 of the frame element 10' houses for inst. an air
conditioner 46 including e.g. an air humidifier,
electric drives, conduits, control means or other
units.
The space 45 may also comprise an air inlet port com-
municating with the inside building room and intended
~51~7~4
- 15 -
to absorb cold room air which when heated, is either
recycled into the room or which, for heating purposes,
is first supplied to the window chamber 11 -to be sub-
sequently conducted again into the inner room of the
building space.
-
Facing 44 contains an aperture 47 intended to connectthe building room with the space 45 so that air may
get from the building room to the air conditioner 46.
Thus, it is possible to obtain a decentralised room
ventilation with heat recover~ for a flat. From space
45, a channel 48 extends into the window space 11 th~s
permitting to use the sheet webs 29 also as solar
collector heating air.
~n the embodiment of Fig. 7, a slot-shaped air entry
aperture 50 extending over the total facing width is
provided in the facing 44 at the upper end of space
45. The room air absorbed accordingly shall be cir-
culated, cleaned, partly exchanged against fresh air
and heated or cooled. If necessary, one may provide
additionally an air humidifier not shown in Fig. 7,
but mentioned already before. The room air current
absorbed by the air entry aperture 50 is introduced
into a main channel 56 having a cross section sub-
stantially adapted to the rectangular air entry
aperture 50 and from which a branch 51 guides a par-
tial air current into a spent air/fresh air heat ex-
changer 52 which, to the extent of waste air evacuated
through a conduit 53, aksorbs fresh air through line
54 which fresh air is heated in countercurrent to the
spent air. The spent air/fresh air heat exchanger 52
comprises blower units not shown in Fig. 7 which con-
vey each a uniform air volume current.
~ S ~
- 16 -
The partial air current branched off to exchange
thereagainst fresh air may be adjusted via a controll-
er that can be operated at facing 44 and, upon demand,
it may be disconnected completely. Due to the heat
exchanger, a constant fresh air supply is ensured also
in winter without excessive heat losses involved
therewith.
The heated fresh air flows through line 77 off the
heat exchanger and, together with the room air
supplied through the main channel 56, it is eonveyed
into a cavity above an air filter 57 to be mixed there
with room air. Alternatively, line 55 may be provided
in such a way that, by avoiding the air filter 57 and
a blower unit 58, fresh air is led directly to a
heating means 59 to be mixed only there with room air.
In addition to line 55, and to the main channel 56,
channel 48 extending into the window chamber 11 may be
adapted to optionally end in the cavity ahead of the
air filter 57 thus permitting to absorb from the
window chamber ll serving as an air collector, the air
heated by solar radiation to use it for heating the
room air. To absorb the air heated in the window cham-
ber 11 by solar radiation, a transverse bar 2 within
the window range contains a bore for the supply of
fresh air, said bore connecting the building space
with the window chamber 11. Adjacent to the bore 67, a
channel 66 mounted at the side wall 2~ extends into
the window chamber 11, said channel 66 being mounted
at the one lateral edge of the curtain web 29 at right
angles thereto and directly beneath the intermediate
wall 13, and it being fitted with one or more apert-
ures which are directed to the air chambers 30 of the
~S~674
-- 17 --
curtain web 29 to immediately replace from the build-
ing space air absorbed via channel 48 at the lower end
of the curtain web.
At the lower end of curtain webs 29, the air chambers
30 are exhausted through another channel 68 substan-
tially corresponding to channel 66, the heated air
being supplied to channel 48. Channel 68 is secured
to the side wall 20 at the height of the inner wall
23, its apertures for absorbing the air being directed
to the air chambers 30. At the same time, the stems 22
extend upwardly beyond the inner wall 23. At the
building space side end of channel 68, there is ad-
joined channel 48 which may be closed or insts. by a
throttle flap adjustable at the facing 44 thus per-
mitting to connect, subject to the prevailing demand,
hot air absorption in window space 11 to conduct it to
the air filter 57.
The air filter 57 is for inst. composed of a non-woven
fabric mat supported on an extractable wire screen and
extending in parallel to the ground over the total
width and depth of space 45 to obtain a low current
speed towards the filter. The room air to be circulat-
ed is continuously cleaned by the air filter 57 thus
ensuring that the amount of air dus-t depositing on
furniture in the building room is considerably re-
ducedO
Beneath the air filter 57, there is produced low
pressure at the air filter 57 and also at the air
entry opening 50 as well as at channel ~8 by means of
a blower unit 58, e.g. a radial ventilator. After hav-
ing passed the air filter 57, room air liberated from
- 18 -
dust particles gets into the suck side of the blower
unit 58 to be conveyed into a heating means 59, e.g. a
convector being effective substantially responsive to
the intensity of the convection current. Therefore,
the blower unit 58 is controlled thermostatically via
a room thermostat allowing a favorable individual
temperature control for each room in association with
the air conditioner. It is possible to connect the
convector 59 to a conventional hot water heating
system or, for cooling, it may be operated with an
undercooled medium. As compared to conventional radia-
tors, convector 59 does not suffer from substantial
radiation losses. To adjust the delivered heating or
cooling power output, no control valves probably caus-
ing flow noises are required because control is
effected by the speed of the blower unit. To increase
the heating surface available in space 45, the con-
vector may be mounted to be inclined about its longi-
tudinal axis.
It is possible to provide a heating as well as a coo-
ling means, the air duct of the room air conveyed with
the blower unit 58 being realised selectively, for
inst. via the cooling means in summer and via the heat-
ing means in winter. In place of convector 59, one may
provide an electrically operated heati~g or cooling
means thus doing away with installation connections
for the heat or cooling agent.
After having passed convector 59, the room air gets
into a square channel 60 mounted beneath convector 59
and extending over the total width and depth of the
installation frame 10'. At the building space side,it
is adjoined by a horizontally extending square shaped
~L2~
-- 19 --
channel portion 61 that is led into the building room.
Said channel portion 61 e~tends beneath the floor and
nearly over the total width of the installation frame
1~'. Preferably, it is arrange~ between an insulation
layer 62 of the floor construction and the floor
finish 63. At the end of the horizontal channel
section 61, a slotted air exit opening 64 directed
vertically upward also extends over the total width
of the installation frame 10'. The circulated, cleaned
and heated or cooled room air is recycled at a low
flow rate through said opening 64. Suitably, said
exit aperture 64 is provided with a walkable grate.
The horizontal channel portion extends into the room
as far as to cause an advanced positioning of the air
entry opening 64. Seen from the building space, with
a curtain 65 normally provided in front of the window,
the return air may freely flow ahead of the curtain 65
inside the building at the lowermost point. Thus, no
heat cushion increasing heat loss at the window sur-
faces may be formed between the curtain 65 and the
window as in the conventional room heating systems
with heating bodies beneath the window, but a cool air
cushion hardly circulating and having a strongly in-
sulating effect is formed beween window and curtain
65~ the respective heat loss at the window being con-
siderably reduced accordingly. On the other hand, seen
from the building space, there is formed in front of
curtain 65 a warm air current which may flow upward to
freely circulate in the building. The unimpeded air
circulation permits a quick adaptation to temperature
fluctuations. The air flowing through the curtains not
containing heated dust particles, the risk of dirtying
of the curtains is also reduced to a minimum.
;67~L~
-- 20 --
If, due to restricted space, convector 59 may not be
provided in room 45, it may be mounted directly be-
neath the air exit aperture 64.
Advantageously, shield 44 is detachable so that all
installation units are freely accessible in room 45.
This is for inst. important for the filter exchange.
In the heating period, the heat carrier medium of the
heating system may freely flow continuously through
the convector.
Heat consumption is adjusted by means of the blower
unit 58 through a thermostat. Even with a standstill
of the blower unit due to control work, a residual
heating of about 10% of the maximum heating capacity
is left which may serve to additionally heat the
amount of fresh air which may be kept on flowing
through the air conditioner 46 also with a standstill
of the blower unit 58, on account of the independent
blower units in the heat exchanger 52.
In summer, on the other hand, the cooling medium may
constantly flow through the cooling device, the cool-
ing capacity depending substantially upon the room
air circulating rate. With a standstill of the blower
unit 58~ the residual cooling will be sufficient for
cooling the fresh air amount.
The advantages of the disclosed air conditioner reside
in the low installation cost, in the quick adjust-
ability of heating or cooling power and in the
possible adaptation to day and night conditions, to
radiation intense meteorological situations, to cover-
ed sky conditions and to the individual climatic ad~
justment for each building room.
~L~7~4
The disclosed air conditioner also ensures a fresh air
supply without the usual disadvantages of cool air
action in cold seasons and without any draft
phenomina.
Contrary to the conventional radiators, the disclosed
air conditioner is space-saving and very advantageous
in connection with the heat-insulating window in that
during the heating period, air heated by solar radia-
tion is used from the window space 11 for heating pur-
poses.
In the field of reconstruction of old buildings, the
disclosed air conditioner can be easily supplemented,
and in cases in which the channel portion 61 cannot be
provided in floor 41, the air exit aperture 64 may be
provided directly in skirting height.
Air conditioner 46 is mounted in a substantially
L-shaped modular housing that may be fixed by simple
means in an installation frame 10'. Thus, with the
construction of the building, only the installation
frame 10,10' need be provided -first of all e.g. for a
heat insulating window with air conditioner 46, while
the decision concerning the individual units of -the
air conditioner 46 or concerning the types of window
need be only made at a later time.
Due to the common installation frame 10,10', it is
possible to realise the simple combination of the heat
insulating window with an air conditioner 46 so that
with solar radiation, the window may be used as an air
collector.
74a~
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The air conditoner 46 may be also mounted in an in-
stallation frame 10' surrounding only the vertical
portion of the L-shaped housing if no windows are pro-
vided at the respective wall.
The heat insulating window of Fig. 8 comprises a rect-
angular and frame shaped block case 1 which occupies
the wall opening. The block case 1 illustrated in Fig~
9 encompasses the window hole and the solid screen 43
provided under the latter.
Upon the laying of the floor 41 or of an intermediate
ceiling in a new building, the block case 1 is fitted
at a point as marked in the construction plan, and
fixed provisionally. Subsequently, the outer building
wall 32 is bricked up directly at the lateral outer
edges of the block case 1 by hardly leaving a joint
between the latter and the external wall 32. Prefer-
ably, the block case is flush with the external wall
plane. In front of the external wall 32, one may pro-
vide the heat insulation layer 34 and an outer screen
brickwork skin 35 which extend continously within the
range of the screen 43 and in the upper region of the
block case 1.
-
Advantageously, the block case 1 comprises rect-
angular, square or profiled wooden rails 5 and hori-
zontal transverse bars .,4. However, it may consist as
well of a plastic or metallic profile. A horizontal
transverse bar 4 provided at the lower end of the
window hole and forming the end of the parapet element
or screen 43 extends between the vertical rails 5, the
parapet element 43 consisting e.g. of a mold-glued
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hardboard with insulation or of a plastic element. It
may contain air exchange openings for the heat ex-
chanyer 52 to be mounted behind the parapet element
43. The parepet element side facing the building in-
side may be coated with a reflective foil to improve
heat insulation.
At the external end of the block case 1, there is pro-
vided at the inner peripheral edge of the window hole
being enclosed by rails 5 and transverse bars 4 a cir-
cumjacent recess for receiving the facing fgrame 14 of
an external window, the facing frame 14 being placed
agailnst the end side of the block case 1 and being
connected to the block case 1 by (non-illustrated)
fixing means with the interposition of suitable seals.
The fixing means used may be for inst. a groove- and
spring connection of the facing f ame 14 with the
block case 1 so as to improve the thermal sealing be-
tween block case 1 and facing frame 14. The latter
may consist of known window profiles. It contains a
casement which, preferably, may be opened to the in-
side thus ensuring by the open window a direct access
to the window chamber 11 from the building outside and
inside.
As obvious from FigO 11, from the vertical rails 5 and
the horizontal transverse bars, side walls 9 as well
as roof and floor walls 6,7 may project towards the
building inside and in flush with the outer edge of
the block case 1 so that they flush with the inside of
the external wall 32. A complete bricking around the
block case 1 is possible by the side-, roof and bottom
walls without the need of plastering the end faces of
the external wall 32 forming the wall opening.
~516~74~a
- 24 -
Upon the incorporation of the block case 1, the total
raw construction including the plaster works may be
terminated before additional elements of the heat in-
sulating window are mounted.
According to Fig. 9, the upper end and the lower end
of the block case 1 are closed by another transverse
bar 4, which may be also replaced by a box 8 as shown
in Fig. 11 to receive rollers for a shuttex or a
screen for heat insulating curtains. Said boy 8 may be
open either to~lards the building inside or towarcls the
window chamber 11 so as to permit a later mounting of
curtain webs 29. The depth of thje box is preferably
adapted to the thickness of the outer wall 32. The
auxialiry chamber 12 is closed to the outside by a
facing 16 fixed at the block case 1. The external in-
sulation 34 and the screen brickwork 35 extend con-
tinuously along the block case 1 in the height of the
auxiliary chamber 12.
Box 8 contains a first roller 28a on which for inst. a
curtain 29a protecting against sight or solar radia-
tion may be wound, and a second roller 28b on which a
pourality of heat insulating curtain webs 29 are
wound. The rollers pivoted in box 8 by means of hori-
zontal axles may bve driven by a (non-illustrated)
electric mechanism allowing to wind up or unwind all
of the curtain webs 29a,29b. However, the curtain webs
29a,29b may be also controlled individually. Prefer-
ably, they consist of transparent sheets involving a
low loss of light, and which divide in the heating
period, also by day, the window chamber 11 into
several air chambers. The curtain webs which are
~S~;7D~
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broader than the facing frame of the external window
do not only improve the heat insulation of the window
but also that of the facing frame. In addition to the
curtain webs 29b of transparent sheets, a sunscreen
sheet may be unwound by day which serves as a reflect-
ive sheet by neight, if it is coated bilaterally with
a reflective layer. The curtain webs 29a,29b are
guided by a horizontal intermediate partition wall 13
which forms the lower horizontal end of box 8, and
which comprises slotted passages for the individual
curtain webs 29a, 29b. Said partition wall with the
curtain webs 29a,29b wound on the rollers 28a,28b mav
be inserted from the front into the box as a modular
insert. To this effect, the rollers 28a, 28b are
stored in (non-illustrated) vertical walls projecting
upwardly from the partition wall. However, box 8 may
be also open only at the bottom thus allowing to mount
from below the modular insert.
The lateral edges of each of the curtain webs 29a, 29b
are guided in slots 24 which extend in guide profiles
150 thus forming a closed air chamber 30 in the window
chamber between two curtain webs 29a, 29b.
The guide profiles 150 which are mounted at the
lateral end faces of the outer wall ~2 are either
fixed at the block case end face directed to the
building inside or at the block case and at the end
faces of the outer wall. According to Fig. 11, the
guide profiles are secured to the side walls 9.
The guide profiles are composed of box-shaped hollow
members capable of being interconnected in a plug-type
system so that in conformity with the number of cur-
- 26 -
tain webs, a plurality of slots 24 may be juxtaposed
in spaced relationship. The pack of profiles may be
easily mounted in common.
At both sides of the slots 24, the guide profiles con-
tain a rail 151,152 obliquely projecting from the slot
and forming in common a substantially V-shaped guid-
ance for loading rails applied at the ends of the cur-
tain webs. The width of the loading rails 155 is
adapted to the free space between the guide profiles
150 arranged at both sides of the window opening,
while the curtain webs themselves enter through the
slots 24 and into the cavity of the guide profiles.
The laterally projecting edge not ending with the
loading rail may be provided with a reinforcement
serving as a protection against kinking.
Alternatively, the guide profiles 150 may be of a
wooden profile in which slots for receiving the load-
ing rails 155 respectively the laterally projecting
edges of the curtain webs are provided.
Further, the inner slot aperture edges situated inside
the hollow profile are provided with stems 153,154
bent outwardly from the slot and ensuring a correct
sliding of the curtain webs 29a,29b in the slots. The
lower horizontal end of the window chamber 11 is form-
ed b~v the end profiles 156 corresponding substantially
to the lateral vertical guide profiles and sealingl~
receiving the ends of the curtain webs 29a~29b which,
as mentioned before, are fitted with loading rails 155
in which the final or end profiles 156 secured to the
transverse bar 4 of the block case disappear. They may
be also fixed at the lateral guide profiles 150 with
which they form a U-shaped frame.
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,
The slots 24 of the box-shaped end profiles 156 which
may be also combined by a plug system and which enable
the loading rails to disappear, are as deep as to per-
mit a certain length compensation of the curtain webs
29a,29b.
The slot edges of the end profiles are bent inwardly.
Inside the hollow profiIe, two oblique rails 170,171
pointing downwardly are projecting from the vertical
walls 172 of the end profiles 156 to inhibit the air
exchange between adjacent air chambers 30, on the one
hand, and to guide the loading rails 155, on the other
hand so that they cannot be hoo]~ed in the end pro-
files.
Fig. 14 shows another embodiment of an end profile 156
comprising rails 151,152 projecting in a substantially
V-shaped manner from the slot to the outside, the pro-
file corresponding substantially to the lateral guide
profile 150, except for the fact that for the passage
of the loading rails, slot 24 is flared as far as to
the projecting rails 151,152 which are ment to intro-
duce the loading rails into the slots 24. Inside the
end profile and mirror-inverted to the projecting
rails 151,152, there are arranged two additional rails
158,159 to avoid hooking of the loading rails in the
end profile when the curtains are wound up.
To obtain a modular unit comprising all of the
elements of the heat-insulating window except for the
block case 1 and the external window and allowing the
subsequent mounting, there is provided an installation
frame 10 as illustrated in Fig. 8 the external dimen-
7f~
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sions of which are substantially the same as that of
block case 1 and whose frame profile 160 is preferably
hollow. The installation frame 10 placed against the
block case front side facing the building is connected
to the block case 1 and/or to the lateral front face
of the outer wall 32 hy interposing suitable seals and
by using suitable (non-illustrated~ fixing means. If
the block case 1 comprises side walls 9, roof or
bottom walls 6,7, the external dimensions of the in-
stallation frame 10 are reduced respectively thus per
mitting to insert the installation frame in the block
case 1 and to connect it to the side walls 9 and/or to
the block case 1.
The installation frame 10 consists of a bottom wall
17, a ceiling wall 18 and two side walls 19,20 having
the same width each, so that a box-shaped frame is
ormed having open main surfaces which are closed to
the inside of the building by the inner window 40 or
by a facing 44 in the parapet region.
All of the walls 17 to 20 of the installation frame 10
consists of the same profile which includes a suhstan-
tially rectangular box 21 extending o~er the total
width of the installation frame and forming the outer
part of the modular constructional unit.
Preferably, the lateral vertical guide profiles 150
and the horizontal end profiles 156 are plugged with
the frame profile of the installation frame 10. As
evident from Fig. 12, a lateral guide profile is in
positive plug connection with the frame profile of the
installation frame 10. At its face directed to the
window opening, the frame profile 160 contains a
5~7~
- 29 -
number of grooves 161 having one undercut flank. Said
undercut portion is engaged by a nose 162 of the plug-
type guide and end profiles which nose extends in
parallel to the bottom of the grooves and from one
outer wall of the profiles. Furthermore, the respect-
ive outer wall with the nose 162 comprises a longitu-
dinal recess 163 while the respective other outer wall
contains a corresponding longitudinal projection 164.
When the profiles are assembled with the frame profile
160, the projections 164 engage the recesses 163 of
adjacent profiles thus permitting to retain in common
adjacent outer walls of proiles by means of nose 162
in the undercut groove 161 of the frame profile 160.
The two lateral vertically extending guide profiles
and the end profiles surround the window chamber 11 in
a U-shaped manner without constricting the free window
opening so that the incident light is not affected by
the heat-insulating window.
The frame profile of the installation frame may con-
tain openings to connect installations and cables.
Preferably, the prefabricated, accurately dimensioned
installatoin frame is completely equipped in a manu-
facturing plant to comprise the desired window
elements and the installation for the air conditioning
of the appartments to be provided in the auxiliary
chamber. Thus, as a complete constructional unit, it
is mounted at the block case 1 in the end state of a
building schedule.
The unit may be realised by a conveyer-line system so
that the production can be rationalised considerably.
- 30 -
The expensive individual assembly of single window
elements at the building site will become unnecessary
accordingly.
Towards the building inside, the window chamber 11 is
closed by the internal window which is larger than the
external window and which i5 secured to the installa-
tion frame 10 by means of a facing frame 15. By the
internal window larger in size than the external
window, light recovery of the heat-insulated window is
increased, the guide profiles 150 and the final pro-
files 156 remaining covered by the facing frame 15 of
the internal window thus not projecting into the
window opening. Alternatively, the facing frame 15 may
be fastened at the outer wall 32.
The internal window extends as far as to the upper
edge of the block case 1 thus allowing access not only
to the window chamber 11, but also to the auxiliar~
chamber 12 if the wing of the internal window is
opened. In this connection, the auxiliary chamber 12
is closed by a non-transparent shield 39 extendin~r
between the upper end of the wing 15' and a transverse
bar 2.
If the upper end of the block case is already provided
with a box 8 which may be open only to the bottom, the
upper edge of the facing frame 15 will end at box 8.
The heat-insulation coefficient of the heat-insulating
window within the range of the auxiliary chamber 12,
of the auxiliary chamber 45 and of the window chamber
11 is greatly in conformity to that of the total outer
brickwork, thus ensuring an engineering-physical op-
timization of the outer facing. In particular no con-
densate may form in the window chamber 11 and at,the
facing frame in -the window chamber.
