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METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR MONITORING
CARDIOVASCULA~ REGULATION USING HEART
RATE POWER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS
Makoto R. Arai
Laura E. McAlpine
David Gordon
Background of the Invention
The present invention relates in general to
methods and apparatus for monitoring cardiovascular
regulation and in particular to methods and apparatus
for heart rate spectral analysis.
Changes in cardiovascular regulation
associated with congestive heart failure include
attenuation of activity in the parasympathetic division
of the autonomic nervous system, enhancement of activity
in the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous
system, cardiac catecholamine depletion, down regulation
of the beta-receptor system, increased renin-angiotensin
system activity, and alteration of baroreceptor
function. All of these regulatory changes require
either specific clinical manipulations, such as a stress
test, a Valsalva maneuver, or the like, and/or invasive
maneuvers, such as cardiac biopsy, plasma catecholamine
measurement, or the like, in order to determine the
extent of regulatory dysfunction and its impact upon the
clinical state of the patient and upon prognoses for the
patient. These procedures are time consuming, and
generally do not permit the formation of a clinical
judgment and subsequent action within the timeframe of
the course of treatment for critically ill patients in
an Intensive Care Unit.
Fluctuations from heartbeat to heartbeat in
measured properties of the circulatory system reflect
both the presence of a variety of naturally occurring
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physiological disturbances of the circulatory system
homeostasis, and the dynamic response of cardiovascular
control systems to these disturbances. For example, the
cyclic variation in intrathoracic pressure which
accompanies breathing mechanically affects the return of
venous blood to the heart and also affects blood
pressure in pulmonary vessels and in the aorta. The
variation in intrathoracic pressure is also coupled to a
cyclic variation in heart rate through a neural
mechanism mediated by the central nervous system.
Furthermore, the resulting cyclic variation in arterial
blood pressure impinges on heart rate through a reflex,
known as the baroreceptor reflex, which is mediated by
the autonomic nervous system. Disturbances in
cardiovascular homeostasis also occur with fluctuations
in the resistance of peripheral blood vessels as
vascular beds regulate local blood flow to match supply
with demand. These fluctuations in peripheral
resistance may perturb central blood pressure and,
through the baroreceptor reflex, may also lead to a
compensatory variation in heart rate.
Many types of medical instruments exist for
studying heart rate variability. The instantaneous
rate-meter is perhaps the earliest such instrument.
This meter measures each RR interval through analog or
digital circuitry and displays the instantaneous heart
rate.
An improvement in the rate-meter is achieved
by performing first order statistical evaluation on the
RR-intervals. With mini- and micro-computer systems,
histogram displays of RR-interval differences may be
generated along with their mean and standard deviations.
Another technique for heart rate variability
analysis involves the study of spectral content of the
instantaneous heart rate time series. In one approach
to spectral analysis in animals, the computations are
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done on a computer. Akselrod, et al., Science, 213,
220-222 (1981) Hyndman, et al., Automedica, I, 239-252
(1975). Such systems analyze data recorded on magnetic
or punched tape. However, not only do these systems
introduce additional errors during the recording
process, they do not perform in real time. Furthermore,
these systems are not multichannel in nature.
A Sparse Discrete Fourier Transform algorithm
which may be implemented on a personal computer (CBM
2016) and which may perform on-line monitoring of heart
rate variability, based on a low pass filtered cardiac
event series is disclosed in Rompelman, et al., IEEE
Trans. Biomed. Engineering, BME-29, 503-510 (1982). A
specialized hardware device also exists for low pass
filtering the cardiac event series by a stepwise
convolution to create the low pass filtered cardiac
event series. Coenen, et al., Medical and Biological
Engineering and Computing, 15, 423-430 (1977).
Nevertheless, these instruments posses a limited band
width and a limited frequency resolution capability.
There exists a need for an instrument which
provides multi-channel spectral analysis of an
instantaneous heart rate and of a respiratory activity
time series. There also exists a need for an instrument
wherein such calculations are performed in real time at
the bedside.
Summary of the Invention
An apparatus according to the present
invention corrects artifacts in a series of
heartbeats. Means for collecting a series of heartbeat
samples are coupled to means for determining a mean
interval between heartbeats. Means for identifying a
mean variance among the intervals between heartbeats
samples are coupled to means for establishing an
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acceptable of slewing rates as a function of the mean
variance. Means for particularizing the absolute value
of the slewing rate of a heartbeat sample relative to
the mean interval are coupled to the means to
determining and means for substituting the mean interval
between heartbeats for all heartbeat interval samples
having an absolute outside the range of acceptable
slewing rates are coupled to the means for
particularizing.
A method according to the present invention
corrects artifacts in a series of heartbeats. A series
of heartbeat interval samples is collected and an
appropriate interval between heartbeats is determined.
Variances in the intervals between heartbeats are
identified and an acceptable range of slewing rates is
established as a function of a mean variance. An
absolute value of the slewing rate of a heartbeat sample
relative to the mean interval is particularized. An
appropriate interval is substituted for all heartbeat
interval samples having an absolute value outside the
range of acceptable slewing rates.
Apparatus according to the present invention
calibrates a heart rate power spectrum monitor. Means
for supplying a signal simulating a heart rate, means
for generating a signal simulating a respiratory
frequency fluctuation in heart rate and means for
providing a signal simulating a low frequency
fluctuation in heart rate are coupled to means for
applying signals from these means to a heart rate power
spectrum analyzer.
Apparatus according to the present invention
performs heart rate fluctuation power spectral
analysis. Means for providing an electrocardiogram
signal and means for supplying electroplethysmogram
signal are coupled to means for obtaining a heart rate
fluctuation power spectrum from an electrocardiogram
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signal and from an electroplethysmogram signal. Real
time means for displaying a heart rate fluctuation power
spectrum are coupled to the means for obtaining.
Apparatus according to the present invention
trends heart rate fluctuation power spectral data.
Means for providing an electrocardiogram signal and the
means for supplying an electroplethysmogram signal are
coupled to means for obtaining a heart rate fluctuation
power spectrum from an electrocardiogram signal and from
an electroplethysmogram signal. Means for storing heart
rate fluctuation power spectral data are coupled to
means for obtaining. Addressable means for transmitting
stored heart rate fluctuation power spectral data are
coupled to the means for storing and means for
converting heart rate fluctuation power spectral data
into graphic form are coupled to the addressable means
for transmitting. Real time means for displaying heart
rate fluctuation power spectra are coupled to the means
for converting.
A method according to the present invention
treats conditions related to malfunctions of the
cardiovascular control system. A power spectrum of
heart rate fluctuations in the patient are monitored. A
level below about 0.1 (beats/min.)2 in the power
spectrum of heart rate fluctuations is identified at a
frequency between about 0.04 and about 0.10 Hz as
indicative of cardiovascular instability. Procedures
are applied to treat the condition and thereby to
increase the level of heart rate fluctuations at a
frequency between about 0.04 and about~0.10 Hz.
A method according to the present invention
treats conditions related to malfunctions of the
cardiovascular control system in a patient. A power
spectrum of heart rate fluctuations is monitored in the
patient. A marked increase to above about 10
(beats/min.)2 in heart rate fluctuations at a frequency
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between about 0.04 to about 0.10 Hz is identified as
indicative of cardiovascular stress. Procedures are
applied to treat the condition and thereby to decrease
the level of heart rate fluctuations between about 0.04
and about 0.10 Hz.
Yet another method according to the present
invention treats conditions related to malfunctions of
the cardiovascular control system in a patient. A power
spectrum of heart rate fluctuations in the patient is
monitored. A ratio of the area under a heart rate power
spectrum peak at a frequency between about 0.04 and 0.10
Hz to the area under a peak in the respiratory power
spectrum centered at the mean respiratory rate about 0.1
Hz is identified as having an absolute value less than
2.0 for longer than or equal to about one hour as
indicating o~ cardiac instability. Procedures are
applied to treat the condition and thereby to increase
the ratio.
Still another method according to the present
invention treats conditions related to malfunctions of
the cardiovascular control system in a patient. A power
spectrum of heart rate fluctuations in the patient is
monitored. A ratio of the area under a heart rate power
spectrum peak at a frequency between about 0.04 and 0.10
Hz to the area under a peak in the respiratory power
spectrum centered at the mean respiratory rate about 0.1
Hz is identified as having an absolute value greater
than or about 50 as indicating of cardiac instability.
Procedures are applied to treat the condition and
thereby to increase the ratio.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates low frequency,
mid-frequency and high frequency in the power spectrum
of heart rate fluctuations in a dog according to the
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prior art;
Fig. 2 illustrates aspects of the
cardiovascular control system according to the prior
art;
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of apparatus for
heart rate fluctuation power spectral analysis according
to the present invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates address buffers and address
decoding in a data acquisition device according to the
present invention;
Fig. 5 illustrates components according to the
present invention for interfacing an ECG apparatus with
a personal computer according to the present invention;
Fig. 6 illustrates a digital to analog
converter according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 illustrates a ECG trigger according to
the present invention;
Fig. 8 illustrates a portable calibrator
according to the present invention;
Figs. 9A and B are halves of a flow chart for
software applicable to an embodiment of the present
invention on a IBM personal computer;
Fig. 10 illustrates a trend for a stable
patient according to the present invention;
Fig. 11 illustrates a trend display for an
unstable patient according to the present invention;
Fig. 12 is an illustration of an instantaneous
heart rate according to the present invention;
Fig. 13 is an illustration of an instantaneous
heart rate fluctuation spectrum of the sort obtainable
from apparatus according to the present invention;
Fig. 14 is a stable patient's heart rate
fluctuation power spectrum according to the present
invention;
Fig. 15 is an unstable patient's heart rate
fluctuation power spectrum according to the present
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invention;
Fig. 16 depicts distributions in LFP data
obtained accordin~ to the present invention for stable
and for unstable patients;
Fig. 17 graphically depicts distributions of
RFP data according to the present invention for stable
and for unstable patients; and
Fig. 18 graphically depicts data for ~FP/RFP
ratios according to the present invention for stable and
for unstable patients.
Detailed Description
Power spectral methods may be used to analyze
the frequency content of fluctuations in heart rate and
other hemodynamic parameters. Hyndman, et al., Nature,
233, 339-341 (1971); Sayers, Ergonomics, 16, 17-32
(1973). Short term (i.e., on a time scale of seconds to
minutes) fluctuations in these parameters are
concentrated in three principal spectral peaks as
illustrated for a canine model in Fig. 1. Akselrod, et
al., supra. One peak is centered at the respiratory
frequency; this peak shifts with changes in the
respiratory rate. The second identifiable spectral
peak, the mid-frequency peak, occurs typically between
0.1 and 0.15 Hz. The oscillations associated with this
second peak occur at 6-9 cycles per minute, a
considerably lower frequency than the respiratory
frequency, and are related to the frequency response of
the baroreceptor reflex. The third peak of the spectrum
typically occurs in the frequency band of 0.04 to 0.10
Hz. This low frequency peak is related to
thermoregulatory fluctuations in vasomotor tone.
In one approach to the spectral analysis of
heart rate, properties of the heart rate fluctuations in
the conscious dog may be related to the activity of
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three cardiovascular control systems - the
parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous
system and the renin-angiotensin system. Akselrod, et
al., Science, 213, 220-223 (1981~. This model is
further elaborated in Akselrod, et al., "Hemodynamic
Regulation: Investigation by Spectral Analysis " (In
Press). Heart rate fluctuations occurring at
frequencies above roughly 0.1 Hz are mediated solely by
the parasympathetic system. Blockade of the
renin-angiotensin system leads to a dramatic increase in
the amplitude of the low frequency peak. The effects of
an autonomic blockade also exist in humans and changes
in body posture alter sympathetic-parasympathetic
balance as measured by the heart rate power spectrum.
Pomeranz, et al., Am. J. Physiol., 248, H151-H153
(1985~.
A simple model of the short term
cardiovascular control system is illustrated in Fig.
2. Akselrod, et al., supra. In this model, heart rate
is directly modulated by the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems. Through a variety of
receptors both these systems sense, fluctuations in
cardiovascular parameters including arterial and venous
pressures, vascular volumes, and correlates of blood
flow and oxygenation. The parasympathetic system may
respond over a wide frequency range while the
sympathetic system may only respond at relatively low
frequencies below roughly 0.1 Hz.
A hypothesis was proposed in Akselrod, et al.,
Science, 213, 220-223 (1981), that fluctuations in
vasomotor tone associated with the low frequency heart
rate fluctuations are not solely related to
thermoregulation but also reflect local adjustment to
resistance in individual beds of blood vessels in order
to match local blood flow to local metabolic demand.
Such fluctuations in peripheral vasomotor tone lead to
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fluctuations in central blood pressures which are in
turn sensed by pressoreceptors. Stimulation of these
pressoreceptors occasions an autonomically mediated
baroreceptor reflex, which leads to compensatory
fluctuations in heart rate at the corresponding
frequency. In addition, the renin-angiotensin hormonal
system senses blood pressure fluctuations and, through
the elaboration of a substance called angiotensin II,
plays the role of the guardian of the overall peripheral
vascular resistance. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin
system by a converting enzyme inhibitor, may remove this
damping influence and may permit increased fluctuations
in blood pressure and increased compensatory
fluctuations in heart rate in the low frequency regime.
The critically ill infant or child prior to,
during, and after cardiac surgery at times exhibits
marked changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and
peripheral perfusion. These changes may be of no
clinical consequence or they may indicate the existence
of a major unrecognized pathology whose first outward
manifestation may be sudden cardiac arrest. To be able
to quantify cardiovascular regulatory reserve permits
objective assessment of a patient's cardiovascular
stability as well as their response to medical and
surgical interventions intended to improve
cardiovascular function.
Spectral analysis of tape-recorded records of
ECG and respiratory activity from patients with complex
congenital heart diseases and myocarditis reveals
peculiarities in low frequency heart rate fluctuations
not seen in studies of healthy children and adults. In
particular: (1) low levels of low frequency heart rate
fluctuations are noted for critically ill patients in
congestive heart failure, which levels revert to normal
after surgical or medical treatment and (2) a marked
increase in low frequency heart rate fluctuations is
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observed in patients with otherwise undetected cardiac
tamponade.
A transitional microprocessor-based monitoring
instrument, which utilized a Z-80 microprocessor and a
S-lO0 bus, was constructed along with a data acquisition
system which interfaced the microprocessor with a
Hewlett-Packard 78341~patient monitor.
A prototype system is described in Jerome C.
Tu, "Microprocessor System for Real-Time Spectral
Analysis Physiological Signals," Master of Department of
Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Science
Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of TechnoIogy (1984).
An electrocardiogram (ECG) was inputed into a the data
acquisition system from a patient monitor for this
prototype system.
In the data acquisition system, the analog
voltage signal of the ECG was applied to the input of a
variable frequency voltage-controlled oscillator in the
data acquisition system. A counter coupled to the
output of the VCO provided a digital representation of
the voltage associated with the ECG peaks. The largest
voltage peak, called the R voltage peak and associated
in the EC& with ventricular contraction, was used to
trigger a clock. Each R peak loaded the value of the
clock into a holding register and restarted the clock.
The value of the clock provided a measure of the heart
rate as the inverse of the time between beats. (i.e., as
the RR internal)
The regular respiratory signal of a patient on
a ventilator was employed to obtain a respiratory
spectrum and was similarly obtained through a VCO The
respiratory frequency had to be manually entered in
order to establish a fixed window for computing the
power in the heart rate power spectrum in the
respiratory peak.
Every 256 seconds the digitized ECG RR
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intervals were inputed into the microprocessor from the
data acquisition system. A smoothed heart rate
"tachometer wave form" was created as follows~ the
instantaneous heart rate time series was computed from
the stored RR intervals; (2) a 1024 point time series of
the instantaneous heart rate was computed from the
stored instantaneous heart rate time series by sampling
the latter at 4 Hz; (3) the mean heart rate computed
from the 1024-point time series of instantaneous heart
rate was subtracted from the smoothed series resulting
in a "tachometer waveform". The heart rate power
spectrum was computed from the heart rate "tachometer
waveform" as follows: (1) a 1024-Point Fast Fourier
Transform was computed using 1024 points of the
tachometer cardiac tachometer waveform; and (2) the
heart rate power spectrum was computed by squaring the
absolute value of the previously calculated transform.
As new data was inputted into the computer's
buffer, the results of the smoothed cardiac tachometer
signal, power spectrum and integral of power spectrum
were outputted onto a printer. Thus, for every
256-second time interval, a spectral representation of
the preceding 256 seconds of instantaneous heart rate
data was exhibited.
From the above data, the area under the low
frequency peak (LFP) between 0.04 and 0.1 Hz and the
area under the respiratory frequency peak (RFP) within a
peak width window of 0.2 Hz were determined. Trend
graphs of LFP, RFP, and LFP/RFP ratio were created. The
256 second data segments were rejected if, (1) the
patient was not in sinus rhythm; (2) transients and/or
artifact were present on the cardiac "tachometer wave
form"; and (3) the LFP/RFP ratios were greater than 2
standard deviations from the mean for the study period.
The practical problems associated with this
prototype monitoring instrument included the extremely
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tedious calculations required for use of the prototype
with free-breathing patients and the large amount of
data (as much as 50~, in some instances~ which had to be
discarded due to the presence of motion artifacts.
S These artifacts resulted from virtually any disturbance
of the patient, even a disturbance so slight as holding
the patient's hand. The prototype system had no
capacity to identify or reject artifacts or to examine
the data for dropped beats and premature triggers.
Upon reviewing clinical studies performed
using the prototype, it was discovered that not only
were attenuated low frequency heart rate fluctuations
associated with a severely compromised regulatory
reserve but also that the ratio of the power in the
heart rate power spectrum at low frequency to the power
at the respiratory frequency provided an even sharper
discriminatory index between stable and critically ill
patients. In addition it was noted that this ratio was
markedly elevated in the setting of moderate to severe
congestive heart failure, cardiac tamponade, and prior
to the development of malignant ventricular arnythmias.
A low value for LFP/RFP (<2) which is
sustained for greater than one hour or a value greater
than or about 50 is associated with a clinical course
characterized by cardiac arrest and/or profound
hypotension. At times this ratio may be the only
clinical indicator of cardiovascular instability. The
LFP/RFP ratio provides a sensitive and specific index of
cardiovascular instability and may provide a clinically
important, continuous, non-invasive probe of
cardiovascular stability.
In order to further examine the diagnostic
value of the power spectrum of heart rate fluctuations
and to overcome the difficulties with the prototype, a
multipurpose microcomputer-based system, including data
basing, instantaneous heart rate and respiratory
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activity spectral monitor, was developed using a Hewlett
Packard Series 200*Computer and Multiprogrammer as
available from Hewlett-Packard. Advantages over the
original design include: (1) error correcting routines
which correct automatically for motion artifact and
missed triggerings of the EKG, thus permitting a
substantial increase (>30%) in available data; (2)
automated trending of spectral densities along with the
instanteous heart rate and respiratory activity time
series; and (3) a data basing program which permits
accurate temporal correlation of spectral densities with
virtually every clinical intervention, routine
ventilatory changes, hemodynamic, fluid monitoring and
laboratory results. Software incorporating these
advantages is included herein as Appendix A.
In a further improvement, programs and a data
acquisition system and programs were developed for use
with an IBM PC or compatible personal computer~ This
improvement is illustrated in Figs. 3 through 12.
In Fig. 3, a block diagram of apparatus
according to the present invention is illustrated. In
Fig. 3, a source of an ECG signal 2 and a source of an
electroplythsmogram signal 3 are contained within a
patient monitor 4. A patient monitor for use with the
present invention may be the System 2 Infant Monitor
available from ARVEE, Incorporated, Battle Creek,
Michigan. Source 2 is connected to an ECG trigger 5
which is in turn connected to a personal computer 7.
Source 3 is connected to an analog to digital interface
6. Interface 6 is connected to analog converter 8 which
is connected in turn to a personal computer 7. Personal
computer 7 receives input from and provides output to
interface 6. Personal computer 7 is connected to a
display 9.
Source 2 receives input from pregelled
electrodes adhered to the chest wall and thigh of the
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patient. Source senses respiratory activity through a
pair of electrodes by the impedence method. Personal
computer 7 and display 9 are available as an IBM PC and
a compatible display available from IBM, Incorporated,
Armonk, New York. Elements 5, 6 and 8 are described
below.
In a data acquisition device according to the
present invention, address buffers and address decoding,
as illustrated in Fig. 4, receive input from a PC bus
10. Nodes 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 are respectively connected to
address lines A0, Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9,
A10, All, A12, A13, A14 and A15 in PC bus 10. A first
address buffer 100 has address inputs A0, Al, A2, A3,
A4, A5, A6 and A7 which are respectively connected to
nodes 11-18. Buffer 100 also has two gate inputs, lG
and 2G, which are connected to ground along with a
ground output GND of buffer 100. A power supply input
Vcc of buffer 100 is connected to a node 102 at a
potential of +5 volts.
A second address buffer 110 has address inputs
A8, A9, A10, All, A12, A13, A14 and A15 which are
respectively connected to nodes 19-26. Buffer 110 also
has two gate inputs, lG and 2G, which are connected by
way of a node 111 to ground. A ground GND output of
buffer 110 is also connected to a common potential.
Buffer 110 has a power supply input Vcc which is
connected to a node 112 at a potential of +5 volts.
A status buffer 120 has address inputs A16,
A17, A18 and Al9 which are respectively connected to
nodes 27, 28, 29 and 30. Nodes 27-30 are respectively
connected to an address enable line AEN, a reset line
RES, an input/output read line IOR and an input/output
write line IOW in PC bus 10. Buffer 120 has two gate
inputs, lG and 2G, which are connected by way of a node
121 to ground. A ground output GND of buffer 120 is
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also connected to ground by way of node 121. A power
supply input Vcc of buffer 120 is connected to a node
122 at a potential of +5 volts.
According to the present invention, a data
acquisition system board which is both reliable and
compatible with a personal computer (PC) bus, preferably
adheres to the timing requirements and the loading
requirements supplied by the PC bus. This means that
all connections to the PC bus should be buffered so that
the load provided at any input or output of the bus is
equivalent to 1 LS T~L load and high speed CMOS
integrated circuits are provided for this purpose.
Because there are multiple devices attached to
the address bus, address buffers are provided. This is
done by buffers 100 and 110. Parts used for buffers
100, 110 and 120 are normally gated, but the gate
enables, lG and 2G, are tied to ground so that the gates
are always enabled. Some of the status lines on the PC
bus are buffered by a chip 120, in particular: the
reset line RES; the read and write lines IOR and IOW
respectively, for the input/output (IO) channels; and
the address enable AEN.
An address decoder according to the present
invention, as illustrated in Fig. 4, includes a three to
eight line decoder 130. Decoder 130 has three line
inputs A, B and C which are respectively connected to
outputs B2, B3 and B4 of buffer 100. Decoder 130 has
gate inputs G2A and Ç2B which are respectively connected
to outputs B5 and B6 of buffer 100. A power supply VCC
input of decoder 130 is connected to a node 131 at a
potential of ~5 volts while a ground GND output of
decoder 130 is connected to a common potential. Outputs
Y0, Yl, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6 and Y7 are connected to
inputs of a NAND gate 140.
A NAND gate 151 has an input connected to each
of outputs B8, B9 and B10 of buffer 110. An output B10
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of buffer 110 is connected to an input of an inverter
152 which has an output connected to an input of NAND
gate 151. Similarly, outputs B12, B13, B14 and B15 of
buffer 110 are respectively connected to an input of
each of inverters 153, 154, 155 and 156, each of which
has an output connected to an input of NAND gate 151.
NAND gate 151 has an output connected to an input of an
inverter 157.
A NAND gate 158 has an input connected to an
output of inverter 157 and has an output connected to an
input of an inverter 159. An inverter 160 has an input
connected to an output B7 of buffer 100 and has an
output connected to an input of NAND gate 158.
Likewise, an inverter 161 has an input connected to an
output B16 of buffer 120 and has an output connected to
an input of NAND 158. An output of inverter 159 is
connected to a gate input Gl of decoder 130.
So that devices on the board are recognized at
a particular IO channel address, address decoding is
provided. In this particular case, a fixed address
location, location hex 700 to 71F ta total of 32
channels), is used. The decoding of the fixed upper
bytes in the address is provided by a combination of
nine inverting gates, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 159,
160 and 161, and NAND gates 151 and 158. These
elements, in combination with decoder 140, provide chip
enable signals which can be used to select one or
another of the functional chips on our board. Each of
the eight chip enable signals correspond to a block of
four channels . For example, a chip select #0 from
output to of decoder 130 corresponds to channels hex
700, 701, 702 and 703.
A logic network for driving a data buffer, as
illustrated in Fig. 5, includes a NAND gate 171, an
inverter 172 and a NAND gate 173. An output of inverter
172 is connected to a first input of NAND gate 173 while
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an output of NAND gate 140 is connected by way of a node
174 to a second input of NAND 173 and to a first input
of a NAND gate 175. A second input of NAND gate 175 is
connected to an output of NAND gate 171.
In addition, a node 181 is connected to an
output B0 of buffer 100. A node 182 is connected to an
output Bl of buffer 100. Nodes 183 and 184 are respec-
tively connected to output Y0 and output Y7 of decoder
130. Nodes 185 and 186 are respectively connected to an
output of NAND gate 175 and an output of NAND gate
173. A node 187 is connected to an output B17 of buffer
120. A node 188 is connected an output B18 of buffer
120, to a first input of NAND gate 171 and to an input
of inverter 172. A node 189 is connected to a second
input of NAND 171 and to an output Bl9 of buffer 120.
Additional chips are used to provide logic
which drives a data buffer connected to a data bus. The
data bus is bidirectional in order to both transmit data
to and from devices on the board. In order that this be
accomplished, one must determine at any time whether or
not data is either being read from or written to the
board. This logic is supplied by NAND gate 171, NAND
gate 173, AND gate 175 and inverter 172 which translates
the read and write signals for the input/output (IO)
channel into an output enable and a transmit enable
for a data buffer. The apparatus of Fig. 4 may be used
to properly interface a device to the PC bus 10.
As illustrated in Fig. 5, components according
to the present invention for interfacing an ECG
apparatus with a personal computer include a port
expander 200. Port expander 200 has four sets of 8
nodes each, the four sets correspond to four ports A, B,
C and D. The outputs for port A are A0, Al, A2, A3, A4,
A5, A6 and A7. The inputs corresponding to port B are
B0, Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6 and B7. Outputs
corresponding to port C are C0, Cl, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
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and C7. A set of outputs corresponding to port D
includes D0, Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7. Expander
200 has a chip select input CS connected to node 184.
Expander 200 also has a read input RD and a write input
WR respectively connected to nodes 188 and 189.
Expander 200 has two address inputs, AD0 and ADl which
are respectively connected to nodes 181 and 1~2. A
reset RES input of expander 200 is connected to node
187. Inputs A0, Al, A2, A3, A4, AS, A6, A7 are
respectively connected to nodes 291, 292, 293, 294, 295,
296, 297 and 298. Outputs D0-D7 are respectively
connected to nodes 208, 207, 206, 205, 204, 203, 202 and
201 which define a data bus. A power supply input Vcc
of expander 200 is connected to a node 209 at a
potential of +5 volts. A ground GND output of expander
200 iS connected to a common potential.
Port expander 200 is used to overcome the low
speed of the data bus on both A/D converter 260 and a
digital analog converter. This permits slowing down the
read and write signals inasmuch as they may be provided
artifically on port C of expander 200 or as chip select
signals from address decoder 130. Port C of expander
200 is a bit addressable register which allows one to
individually select or deselect bits without affecting
any of the other bits. This is accomplished by sending
a one byte command to expander 200. Because expander
200 is given the control function, the address of
expander 200 is the highest address in the set of
channels. In other words, expander 200 occupies IO
channels hex 71C to hex 71F. The ports A, B and C on
expander 200 are addresses 71C, 71D and 71E,
respectively, and the control register internal for
expander is at input/output I/O channel 71F.
A timer 220 according to the present invention
has two address inputs, AD0 and ADl respectively
connected to nodes 181 and 182. Timer 220 also has a
- 20 -
read input RD connected to node 188, a write input WR
conne~ted to node 189 and a chip select input CS
connected to node 184. A first gate input GO is
connected to the C~ of expander 200 while a second gate
input Gl and a third gate input G2 are both connected by
way of a node 223 to output Cl of expander 200. Timer
220 has three clock inputs CLK0, CLKl and CLK2, of which
CLXl is connected by way of node 222 to an output OUT0
of timer 220 and input CLK2 is connected to an output
OUTl of timer 221 by way of a node 31. An interrupt
request line IRQ4 within PC bus 10 is also connected to
node 31.
An output OUT2 is connected to a non-inverting
input of an operational amplifier 224, an inverting
input and a output of which are connected to a node
400.
A power supply input Vcc of timer 220 is
connected to a node 221 which at a potential of +5
volts.
Timer 221 has seven outputs D0, Dl, D2, D3,
D4, D5, D6 and D7 which are respectively connected to
nodes 208, 207, 206, 205, 204, 203, 202 and 201. A
ground output of timer 220 is connected to a common
potential.
Timer 220 includes three 16 bit timers which
are addressed at hex locations 704, 705, 706, and 707.
In other words, they are provided by chip select 1. The
three clocks on timer 220 are connected in series which
effectively converts it into a 48 bit counter. However,
in the operation of the program, some of the bits in
this counter are thrown away because the reset values
are less than 65,536. The three clock registers are
used in the following way. Counter 0, corresponding to
input CLK 0, counts an onboard time base to be discussed
later and provides an output which gives the minimum
resolution of the heart rate counting. In other words,
~s7~5
- 21 -
it provides the counter time base for measuring the
heart rate. Counter #1, corresponding to input CLK 1,
counts the heart rate counter time base and provides as
an output an interrupt at IRQ4. This signal drives the
sampling of the respiratory signal at a constant
frequency, and is also used to measure interbeat
intervals. In the standard data collecting mode, where
one is interested in measuring the respiratory signal at
4 hertz intervals, this means that the counter 0 is set
to generate output pulses at 11 microsec. intervals and
that these pulses are in turn counted by counter 1 to
generate 4 hertz pulses which are used to drive data
acquisition from the respiratory signal. The last
counter register, counter #2, corresponding to input
CLK2, is used to count the number of respiratory
sampling pulses which have been supplied. This
functions as an overflow counter and always has the
reset value of 65,536. Thus the counter measuring
interbeat intervals effectively overflows only every
65,536 respiratory sampling times, which is far in
excess of what would be required to recover dropped
beats which occur because the heart rate is not
adequately detected.
A counter 240 has an input lA connected to a
clock line PC CLK in PC bus 10 by way of a node 32.
Counter 240 has a first output lQA connected to the CLK0
input of timer 220. Counter 240 has a secnd output lQB
and has a third output lQC. A clear input CLRl of
counter 240 and a ground output GND of timer 240 are
connected to a common potential by way of a node 242.
A data output buffer 280 has an output enable
input OE connected to node 185 and has a tranfer enable
input TE connected to a node 186. Eight data inputs,
A0, Al, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 and A7, of buffer 280 are
respectively connected to nodes 208, 207, 206, 205, 204,
203, 202 and 201. A power supply Vcc input of buffer
~2~73~
- 22 -
280 is connected to a source of potential at +5 volts.
A ground GND output of buffer 280 is connected to a
common potential. Outputs B0, Bl, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6
and B7 of buffer 280 are respectively connected to data
lines in PC bus 10 by way of nodes 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39 and 40.
The time base for this clock system is
provided by counter 240. Timer 220 counts only at a
rate of 2.6 MHz megahert~ which is exceeded by the IBM
PC bus clock of 4.77 megahertz. The IBM PC bus ~lock is
divided by 2 using counter 240 and the result used to
provide a time base at 2.38 megahertz for timer 220.
The 4. 77 megahertz clock is also divided by 8 to provide
a 596 kilohertz clock which is used to drive an analog
to digital (A/D) converter. A/D converter 260 uses
this clock signal in order to properly execute the
successive approximation scheme to convert analog inputs
into digital outputs.
A/D converter 260 has an output enable input
OE connected to output C4 of expander 200. A/D
converter 260 also has three inputs A, B and C which are
respectively connected to outputs C5, C6 and C7 of
expander 200. A clock input CLK of A/D converter 260 is
connected to the lQC output of counter 240. An address
latch enable ALE and a start input STR of A/D converter
260 are connected to a node 261. A power supply Vcc
input and a reference voltage +VREF input of A/D
converter 260 are connected to a node 262 at a potential
of +5 volts. A reference voltage -VREF output and a
ground GND output of A/D. converter 260 are connected to
a common potential by way of a node 263. A/D converter
260 has seven outputs D0, Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7
which are respectively connected to inputs B0, Bl, B2,
B3, B4, B5, B6 and B7 of expander 200. In addition, A/D
converter 260 has an end of count EOC output connected
to a first input of the NAND gate 264, an output of
- 23 -
which is connected to an input of an inverter 265. A
second input of NAND gate 264 is connected to an output
of an inverter 266 which has an input connected to node
187. An output of inverter 265 is connected to node
261.
A/D converter 260 has a signal input IN
connected to a node 267. An output of an operational
amplifier 268 is connected to node 267 and to a first
lead of a resistor 269. A second lead of resistor 26~
is connected to a first lead of resistor 270, a second
lead of which is connected to a source of potential at
-5 volts. The first end of resistor 270 is also
connected to an inverting input of amplifier 268 and to
a first end of a resistor 271. A non-inverting input of
amplifier 268 is tied to ground. A second end of
resistor 271 is connected to a node 272 which provides
an analog signal input ANA IN for the apparatus
according to the present invention.
A/D converter 260 is connected to port B of
port expander 200. This A/D has built into it its own 8
channel analog multiplexer which allows the selection of
one of eight analog signals to be converted. The
channel select corresponding to inputs A. B and C of
converter 260 is connected to port C on bytes 5, 6 and
7.
Because A/D converter 260 operates from 0 to 5
volts, analog input at input IN should be in the range
of 0 to 5 volts or an input buffer should be supplied to
alter this input range. However, in keeping with
general practices for safety and isolation, input IN
should always be provided with an analog buffer to
provide isolation for both the computer and the
instrument being monitored. As illustrated, the input
buffer is provided by operational amplifier 268. This
amplifier converts a bipolar analog input of plus or
minus 5 volts to a single unipolar input of 0 to 5 volts
- 24 -
at input IN. This analog input is used to monitor the
respiration.
A/D converter 260 is set up in a free running
mode such that it continuously does conversions on the
analog signal. The end-of-conversion pulse at output
EOC is used to generate a start pulse for the A/D so
that as soon as an end of conversion occurs it a new
conversion is started. This is the reason for the two
gates connected between end of conversion output EOC and
the start input STR. In order to prevent latchup of the
device on power up, the reset line at node 187 is also
used to generate a start pulse. This means that the
device will always function even after being powered
up. Also, in order to update A/D converter 260 as
frequently as possible, the address latch enable ALE,
which is used to latch in the address value for the
channel to be monitored, is re-latched at every start
pulse.
As illustrated in Fig. 6, digital analog (D/A)
converter 300 has inputs D0, Dl, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6 and
D7 which are respectively connected to nodes 298, 297,
296, 295, 294, 293, 292 and 291 as illustrated in Fig.
5. Converter 300 has a write WR input connected to node
183 and has a feedback input RFB. Converter 300 also
has a power supply Vcc input, a reference voltage VREF
input and an input latch enable input ILE all of which
are connected to a source of potential at +5 volts by
way of a node 301. Converter 300 has an analog ground
AGND and a digital ground output DGND, both of which are
connected by way of a node 302 to a common potential.
Converter 300 has a first output OUTl and a
second output OUT2 which are respectively connected to
an inverting and a non-inverting input of an operational
amplifier 303. The non-inverting input of amplifier 303
is also connected to a common potential by way of a node
305. Amplifier 303 has an input connected to a node 306
~2s73g~
- 25 -
at a potential of +12 volts and an input connected to a
node 307 at a potential of -12 volts. An output of
amplifier 303 is connected to a node 308 which is
connected to the RFB input of converter 300 and to a
first end of a variable resistor 309. A second lead of
variable resistor 309 is connected to a first lead of a
variable resistor 310, a second lead of which is
connected to a node 311 at a potential of +5 volts. The
second lead of resistor 309 is also connected to an
inverting input of operational amplifier 312 and to a
first lead of a resistor 313. A non-inverting input of
amplifier 312 is connected to ground. A second lead of
resistor 313 is connected to an output of amplifier 312
and to a node 391 which serves as an analog output for
the apparatus according to the present invention.
Port A of expander which is at location 71C,
is attached to a D/A converter data bus which, includes
nodes 291-298. The write latch signal for the D/A
converter is provided by chip select #0. In other
words, any dummy byte written to any of the addresses
700, 701, 702 or 703 hex will cause a write pulse to be
sent to D/A converter 300, thereby latching the data on
port A of expander 200 into the D/A converter 300 and
allowing an analog signal to be generated corresponding
to the digital input. The output of D/A converter 300
chip is in the form of differential currents generated
at outputs OUT 1 and OUT 2. A system having two
operational amplifiers is employed to convert these
currents to a voltage. Amplifier 303 is a differential
current to voltage converter which provides a signal
from 0 to 5 volts. Amplifier 312 converts the signal to
a bipolar plus or minus 5 volt signal. Feedback control
for the current to voltage converter is provided in D/A
converter 300 through input RFB so that in actuality
3S three connections are made from the D/A chip to the
first operational amplifier. Because the D/A converter
- 26 -
is an 8 bit device, this provides 256 voltage levels
which are linearly distributed between plus and minus 5
volts. This D/A output may be used to generate
calibrating signals or other control signals.
As illustrated in Fig. 7, a source of an ECG
si~nal is connected by way of a node 400 to a
non-inverting input of an operational amplifier 401 in
an ECG trigger 60. An input of amplifier 401 is
connected to a node 402 at a potential of plus 12
volts. An inverting input of amplifier 401 is connected
to an output of amplifier 401 and to a non-inverting
input of an operational amplifier 406. A first lead of
each of resistors 403a, 403b, 403c, 403d, 403e, 403f,
403g, 403h and 403i is connected to the output of
amplifier 401 while the second lead of resistor 403i is
permanently connected and a second lead of one other of
resistors 403a through h is connected to a node 410 by a
jumper. A first lead of capacitor 404 is connected to
node 410 while a second lead of capacitor 404 is
connected to a node 405 at a potential of minus 12
volts. An inverting input of amplifier 406 is connected
to a cathode of a diode 407, an anode of which is
connected to an output of amplifier 406. The cathode of
diode 407 is also connected to a first lead of capacitor
408 and a first lead of each of resistors 410a, 410b,
410c, 410d and 410e, the second lead of resistor 410e is
permanently connected and the second lead of one other
of which is connected to a node 410 (not shown) by a
jumper 411g (not shown). A non-inverting input of an
operational amplifier 412 is also connected to the
cathode of diode 407 while an inverting input of
amplifier 412 is connected to the output of amplifier
406. An input of amplifier 412 is connected to a node
413 at a potential of minus 12 volts. A first lead of
resistor 414 is connected to the output of amplifier 412
while a second lead of resistor 414 is connected to a
~2~73~
- 27 -
cathode of a diode 415 an anode of which is connected to
ground. The cathode of diode 415 is also connected to
an input of a Schmitt trigger 416 an output of which is
connected to a line designated IRQ 3 in PC bus 10 by way
of a node 491.
ECG trigger 60 has an input buffer consisting
of a non-inverting buffer of an amplifier 401 which
isolates the ECG signal from the rest of the board. As
illustrated in Fig. 5, the EKG trigger functions in the
following manner. The R wave, which is larger than any
other signal in the ECG, causes capacitor 408 to charge
up to a certain value corresponding to the peak of the R
wave. Any values beneath the peak of the R wave will be
rejected by amplifier 403 so that no output occurs.
Between R waves, the voltage on capacitor 405 decays
slowly with a rate given by the RC time constant of
capacitor 405 and the resistance across elements 410a-
f. The voltage on the capacitor is sent to the
inverting input on amplifier 403 and is used as a
threshold for the R wave of the EKG. Therefore, as the
electrocardiogram is being passed to the non-inverting
input of amplifier 406, the only time that the
operational amplifier has a positive output is when the
EKG signal is larger than the voltage on capacitor
405. Whenever this occurs, capacitor 408 is immediately
charged up to the value at the EKG input. In other
words, the voltage on capacitor 408 is a sort of
envelope on the top of the electrocardiogram, although
its decay rate is limited by the RC time constant.
Diode 407 insures that the envelope function which is
provided by capacitor 408 is the upper envelope and not
the lower envelope. The lower envelope is provided by
reversing the polarity of diode 407.
The RC network of capacitor 405 and resistors
403a-i provides a low pass filtered ECG. The voltage on
capacitor 405 is the baseline for the ECG, which may
~2~73g~
- 28 -
vary. The array of jumper selected resistors 410a-e
allows variation of the time constant of the RC network
containing resistors 406a-e and capacitor 408. Thus,
this latter network which monitors the ECG envelope is
referenced to the ECG baseline present on capacitor 404
permitting accurate tracking of the envelope and
therefore better R wave detection. As a further
improvement, the jumpers may be replaced with analog
switches controlled by the personal computer in order to
give the computer control of RC time constant selection.
An output from ECG trigger 60 is generated by
connecting amplifier 412 in parallel with peak detector
amplifier 406 so that the inputs are reversed. ~he
result is that the output polarity is inverted. Because
the amplifiers 401, 406 and 412 are operating from a
plus 12 volts to minus 12 volts supply, but the logic
levels on the board are only from 0-5 volts, resistor
414 and a diode 415 are used to clamp the output value
of the amplifier 412 between 0 and 12 volts. This
signal is then passed to a Schmitt trigger 416, which is
a single conditioning device. The output of this signal
conditioner is finally provided to PC bus 10 in order to
drive interrupts at interrupt request 3 (IRQ3)
indicating the currents of an R wave. ECG trigger 60
may be modified to allow selection of various decay
rates for the envelope and also to provide a floating
threshold for the 0 point of the EKG. The ECG triggers
if the R wave passes above 0 volts. However, it can be
imagined that sometimes the baseline will drift far
enough below 0 volts that the R wave does not cross 0
volts and in such a case this trigger would never detect
the R wave. This is corrected by connecting the second
leads of the charging capacitor 408 and on the selected
discharging resistor of 40~a-f may be connected to a low
pass filter consisting of a capacitor 405 and a selected
one of resistors 403a-f (to choose various discharge
~2~7395
- 29 -
rates) which low pass filters the electrocardiograms and
essentially selects out the baseline. This means that
instead of measuring the R wave with respect to 0 volts,
the R wave may be measured with respect to the floating
baseline of the electrocardiogram. The jumper selected
resistor selects an RC time constant much greater than
the RR interval. So long as the baseline does not drift
faster than one R wave in approximately 10 heart beats,
this means that this trigger will successfully detect
all R waves. Selecting one of resistors 410a-f allows
variation of the RC time constant of elements 408 and
410a-f.
As illustrated in Fig. 8, in a portable
calibrator 70 according to the present invention, an
operational amplifier 500 has a non-inverting input
connected to a first lead of each of resistors 501, 502
and 503. A second lead of resistor 501 is connected by
way of a node 503a to a positive voltage source while a
second lead of resistor 502 is connected by way of a
node 504 to a negative voltage source. An inverting
input of amplifier 500 is connected to a first lead of a
capacitor 505, a second lead of which is connected by
way of a node 506 to a negative voltage source. The
inverting input of amplifier 505 is also connected to a
first lead of a variable resistor 507 and to a first
lead of a resistor 508 a second lead of which is
connected to an output of amplifier 500. l'he output of
amplifier 500 is also connected to a second lead of
resistor 503. Amplifier 500 has an input connected by
way of a node 509 to a positive voltage source and by
way of a node 510 to a negative voltage source.
A second lead of resistor 507 is connected to
a non-inverting input of an amplifier 511, an inverting
input of which is connected to an output of amplifier
511 by way of a node 591 which provides an output port
for a simulated respiratory frequency.
` 12S~39~
- 30 -
A first lead of a resistor 512 is connected to
node 591 while a second lead of resistor 512 is
connected to a first lead of a resistor 513 and to a
first lead of a capacitor 514, a second lead of which is
connected by way of a node 515 to a negative voltage
source. A second lead of resistor 513 is connected to
an output of an operational amplifier 514 and to an
inverting input of amplifier 515 is connected to a first
lead of a resistor 516, to a first lead of a capacitor
517 and to an inverting input of an operational
amplifier 518. The second lead of capacitor 517 is
connected by way of a node 519 to a negative voltage
source. A non-inverting input of amplifier 518 is
connected to a first lead of each of resistors 520, 521
and 522. A second lead of resistor 520 is connected by
way of a node 523 to a positive voltage source while a
second lead of resistor 521 is connected by way of a
node 524 to a negative voltage source. A second lead of
resistor 522 is connected to an output of amplifier 518
and to a second lead of resistor 516.
An inverting input of an operational amplifier
525 is connected to the first lead of resistor 513 and
to a first lead of a variable resistor 526. A
non-inverting input of amplifier 525 is connected to a
first lead of each of resistors 527, 528 and 529. A
second lead of resistor 527 is connected to a node 530
at a positive potential while a second lead of resistor
528 is connected by way of a node 531 to a negative
voltage source. A second lead of resistor 529 is
connected to a second lead of resistor 526 and to an
output of amplifier 525 at a node 592 which provides a
square wave output simulating a modulated heart rate
pulse. A first lead of a capacitor 532 is connected to
node 592 while a second lead of capacitor 532 is
connected by way of a node 593 to a first lead of a
resistor 533, a second lead of which is connected to
~L2~95
- 31 -
ground. Node 593 provides an output port for a spikeoutput simulating the R wave of an EKG.
The source of positive potential for the
portable calibrator 70 may be at a voltage between about
plus 5 and about plus 18 volts. Similarly, the negative
voltage source for portable calibrator 70 may be at a
potential of about minus 18 volts to about minus 5
volts.
Portable calibrator 70 provides test signal
for the heart rate spectral analysis hardware which,
although not of a truly calibrated nature, does allow
one to evaluate whether or not the software and hardware
is functional. Each of the output signals provided is a
triangle wave which represents the respiration and a
frequency modulated pulse train representing the heart
rate. The modulation of the heart rate is provided at
two frequencies which simulate a respiratory modulation
and also a low frequency modulation.
The basic circuit of calibrator 70 for
providing each pulse train consists of an oscillator
having one operational amplifier as typified by the
respiratory frequency modulator. A charging capacitor
505 and a variable resistor 507, provide an RC circuit
which is charged by the output of the amplifier 500. It
is also discharged by the amplifier 500 when the output
of the amplifier 500 is low. Progressive cycles of the
oscillator consist of charging and discharging the
capacitor at the rate prescribed by the RC circuit. The
reference level which determines whether or not one is
discharging or charging is provided at the non-inverting
input of the amplifier 500.
Suppose, for example, that capacitor 505
begins as being completely discharged, then the voltage
at the inverting input for the operational amplifier 500
is low. The output of the operational amplifier 500 is
therefore high and this means that the input at the
;73~;
- 32 -
non-inverting input is 2/3 the voltage between the
negative voltage source V and the positive voltage
source V+. Thus the capaci~or 505 begins to charge.
When the capacitor voltage exceeds the threshold at the
non-inverting input of the operational amplifier 500,
the output of operational amplifier 500 changes sign and
capacitor 505 begins to discharge. However, when the
output of the amplifier 500 changes to the negative
side, then the threshold voltage at the non-inverting
input is changed and now becomes only 1/3 the way from
the negative voltage source to the positive voltage
source. This means that the voltage on the charging
capacitor 505 varies between 1/3 and 2/3 the difference
between the negative and the positive voltage source.
This determines the range of output on capacitor 505.
The voltage at capacitor 505 is buffered by a
non-inverting buffer 511 and this provides the
respiratory signal at node 591.
An identical oscillator is used to provide low
frequency modulation. The difference in the two
frequencies is obtained by adjusting the respective
variable resistors, 505 and 517,which set the RC time
constants. The outputs of these two modulators are fed
by resistors 512 and 513 into the charging capacitor 514
for the heart rate.
The heart rate oscillator is similar in design
and consists of variable resistor 526 and capacitor 532
which charges and discharges in cycles with the range of
voltages on the capacitor ranging between 1/3 the
distance from the negative voltage source to the
positive voltage source to 2/3 the voltage between the
negative voltage source and the positive voltage
source. Resistors 512 and 513, which connect the
outputs of the low frequency and respiratory frequency
modulators to the heart rate modulator, allow a small
amount of current to flow into charging capacitor 514 of
~s~
- 33 -
the heart rate modulator. This alters the charging rate
of capacitor 514 and thereby affects the rate at which
the heart rate oscillator oscillates. For example, on a
positive cycle of the respiratory frequency modulator,
the heart rate capacitor is charging more rapidly
towards the plus side because more current is being
supplied on the plus side of the cycle. Finally, the
output of the heart rate modulator is sent through an RC
filter comprising capacitor 532 and resistor 533 which
converts the square wave output of the heart rate
modulator into a spike output which may be sent to an R
wave detector. Notice that the spike output includes
both positive and negative spikes so that an R detector
which depends on a high frequency filtering function may
be discharging at twice the heart rate, inasmuch as it
may trigger on both positive and negative spikes.
As illustrated by a block diagram in Figs. 9A
and 9B, a block diagram may be constructed for the main
program (designated SYNCTSl9) and for sub-routine
modules (SYNC7s, GWINDOW3, and FGRAPH8). This block
diagram may be used in order to better interpret a
complete program for heart rate fluctuation spectral
analysis useful on an IBM personal computer, as
illustrated in Appendix B. Although programs are
provided for a Hewlett-Packard and an IBM computer
herein, the software and other aspects of the present
invention may be readily modified for use with other
mini- and micro-computers.
In the program of Appendix B, iS a routine for
removing artifacts from a detected heart rate provided
for by an electrocardioqraph machine. This program
computes histograms from the heart rate data in order to
generate a tachometer waveform. The most common rate on
the histogram is selected as the correct rate and other
rates are interpreted in light of it. Specifically, in
order to correct for a spurious extra trigger, where a
73'9~;
- 34 -
first and a second beat are close together while a third
beat is spaced at an abnormally long interval, the
second beat is discarded if the first beat to second
beat interval is less than a predetermined value. The
S resulting interval between the first and the third beats
is divided by an integer in order to provide a more
normal intrabeat interval. Where a trigger has been
missed, so that a first and a second beat are separated
by an interval which is approximately a multiple of a
normal intrabeat interval, the intrabeat interval is
divided by that multiple, most commonly two, in order to
provide a more correct interval length. If the slewing
rate of the heartbeat samples is outside of an
acceptable range of slewing rates determined as a
function of a mean variance, and the problem cannot be
identified as a missed trigger or as a spurious extra
trigger, or if the three previous intervals have been
corrected, a determined mean interval, against which all
other intervals are judged, is substituted for the
inappropriate interval.
The slew rate is calculated on a moving
average of the heart rate waveform and corrects for
triggers that fall within the parameters of 0.05 Hz (3
beats/min.) per beat and five times the maximum slew.
This artifact-correcting routine never slews more than
10 percent of the heart rate waveform.
Within the software of Appendix A is a graphic
routine for trending heart rate fluctuation spectral
data. The parameters of LFP, RFP, LFP/RFP ratio and
heart rate are plotted on a graph over time to show
trends in the four parameters. These trends may then be
studied in order to examine the effects of various
clinical interventions. Values for the parameters heart
rate, LFP/RFP ratio, LFP and RFP are stored and may be
called up at any point in time through a graphing
routine in order to provide a graphic depiction of the
~:5
-- 35 --
course of a patient's condition. This sort of graphic
depiction is illustrated for a stable patient in Fig. 10
and for an unstable patient in Fig. 11.
Also present in the program of Appendix B, a
routine is provided for the segmentation of data and
subsequent reanalysis. In this routinel data from the
analog to digital converter 260 is collected
continuously into a buffer and is dumped to a disk in
blocks of 1,024 numbers (2,048 bytes equals 1,024 words
and each block is referred to as a record or EPOCH).
The time of heartbeat occurrence as measured by the
signal provided by outputs OUTl and OUT2 of timer 220
are collected continuously into two buffers (hb buffer 1
and hb buffer 2). These times are dumped to the disk in
blocks of 1,024 pairs of numbers (1,024 from each buffer
which equals 2,048 bytes or 1,024 words each). Because
the heart rate is less than the sample rate of A/D
converter 260 as required by signal processing, there
are fewer heartbeat disk dumps.
In order to properly analyze data, the A/D and
heartbeat data must correspond to the same time interval
for the purpose of doing correlations. The
correspondence may be determined from (1) the record
number in a A/D file and (2) the absolute of the times
stored in the heartbeat file (time differences used for
intrabeat intervals). The instantaneous heart rate
signal is generated backwards in time from the heartbeat
corresponding to the last A/D sample in the record of
interest. This means that if the heart rate signal is
analyzed on a frequency scale not corresponding to the
respiration data (e.g. respiration sample at 16 Hz but a
heart rate analysis at 0 to 4 Hz) then the heart rate
waveform extends backwards in time beyond the beginning
of the present A/D record. This means that the heart
rate waveform overlaps the heart rate waveform
corresponding to the previous A/D records.
~2~73~
- 36 -
Overlapping permits lower frequency analysis
than would be possible if only data corresponding to the
present record were used (as in the prototype
apparatus). Also, overlapping leads to the smoothing of
parameters and to the subsequent reduction of
fluctuating artifacts. In addition, it becomes less
critical at what point analysis begins.
A calibration program providing a software
driven calibrator, which may provide more realistic
spectral data than the portable calibrator of Fig. 8, is
contained within the program of Appendix A for a
Hewlett-Packard micro-computer. Appendix C is a program
which, although not tested, is believed to provide the
same sort of software-driven calibration for an IBM
personal computer through the data acquisition system of
Figs. 4 through 7.
In general, outputs OUT0 and OUTl of timer 220
in Fig. 5 generate a time base used via interrupt
request line IRQ4 to clock data from a buffer to D/A
converter 300. This buffer contains a respiratory
waveform which may be a sign wave or any selected
waveform as obtained by changing the contents of the
buffer. Output OUT2 of timer 220 generates a heartbeat
pulse as its output. In order to work properly, this
pulse must be returned to the ECG trigger through node
400 or directly to interrupt request line IRQ3. If the
latter course is chosen, however, node 491 must be
disconnected from the output of Schmitt trigger 416. By
returning the pulse to the ECG trigger, the computer is
informed that the timer is through counting the present
RR interval and needs a new interval to be loaded into a
timer register of timer 220.
Through the use of the apparatus according to
the present invention, a display of instantaneous heart
rate as provided by an electrocardiograph machine, and
as illustrated in Fig. 12, may be converted into an
- 37 -
instantaneous heart rate fluctuation spectrum as
illustrated in Fig. 14. A typical spectrum for a stable
patient is illustrated in Fig. 14 while a typical
spectrum for an unstable patient is illustrated in Fig.
S 15.
Example I and Example II relate respectively
to diagnosis and to treatment employing the present
invention.
Parts suitable for use in construction of the
apparatus as illustrated in Figs. 4 through 9 may
include those as listed in Tables I, II, III and IV.
~25~
- 38 -
T~BLE I
Element No. Part No. Manufacturer, Location
-
100, 110, 120 74HC244 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
130 74HC138 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
140, 151, 158 74HC30 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
152, 153, 154 74HC04 National Semiconductor
155, 156, 157 Santa Clara, California
159, 160, 161
172, 265, 266
171, 173, 185 74HC00 National Semiconductor
264 Santa Clara, California
200 8255A-5 Intel Corporation
Santa Clara, California
220 8253-5 Intel Corporation
Santa Clara, California
224
240 74HC393 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
260 ADC0808 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
~,7~5
-- 39 --
268, 303, 312 LM324AN National Semiconductor
401, 406, 412 Santa Clara, California
500, 511, 515
518, 525
280 8286 Intel Corporation
Santa Clara, California
300 DAC0830 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
416 74HC14 National Semiconductor
Santa Clara, California
~Z5~3~s
-- 40 --
TABLE I I
Diodes
Ælement Part No.
407, 415 IN41~8
~Z~739~
- 41 -
TABLE III
Resistors
Element No. Value (in ohms)
403i, 410 2.2k
269 5k
270, 271, 409 lOk
403h 15k
4039 27k
403f 56k
313 82k
309, 310, 501, lOOk (variable)
502, 503, 520,
521, 522, 527,
528, 529, 533,
403e
403d, 410d 220k
403c, 410e 560k
508, 516, 526, lM(variable)
403b, 410b
512, 513, 2.2M
403a, 410a
~z~
42
TABLE IV
Capacitors
Element No. Value ~in microfarads)
405 2~2
404, 505, 517 10
532 0,1
514
EXAMPLE 1
Heart rate spectral analysis was applied to
the study of congestive heart failure in infants and
children. Congestive heart failure is characterized by
a marked alteration in cardiovascular regulation.
However, many cardiovascular functions which are
normally monitored in cardiac intensive care units (such
as: mean heart rate; arterial blood pressure, arterial
blood gases; left arterial pressure and right arterial
pressure; right atrial, left atrial and pulmonary artery
oxygen saturations; the peripheral pulses; peripheral
perfusion; and cardiac output) may not clearly indicate
a critically unstable cardiovascular condition. The
usually-monitored cardiovascular function parameters may
be within a normal range immediately before a major
cardiovascular crisis, such as hypotension or cardiac
arrest, inasmuch as the cardiovascular regulatory system
maintains these parameters within a normal range up to
the point of system failure.
Twenty-nine infants and children were studied
in a cardiac intensive unit. Of the twenty-nine
patients, twenty-six have undergone a cardiac surgical
~57
-- 43 --
procedure. The patients were studied for a minimum of
three hours and a maximum of twenty-seven hours, with a
mean study time of eight hours. EKG for cases were
recorded and analyzed continuously in real time during
the study time.
Data for a particular patient was analyzed
only if the patient was in sinus rhythym. The patient's
clinical course during the period of study was reviewed
and, in particular, major events such as cardiac arrest,
hemorrhage and profound hypotension were correlated with
spectral analysis data. Administration of medication
and the mode of ventilation were noted.
Real time heart rate spectral analysis was
performed on a dedicated personal computer using a 6809E~
Motorola Microprocessor-Based System. A data
acquisition system interfaced the computer with a
patient monitor, available from Hewlett-Packard, Palo
Alto, California, as Model No. 78341.
The heart rate power spectrum was calculated
in continuous 256 second data epochs. A QRS
synchronization pulse from the patient monitor was used
to determine an RR interval sequence. An instantaneous
heart rate signal was computed from RR interval sequence
and the magnitude of the signal was set to the
reciprocal of the current interbeat interval. The
instantaneous heart rate signal was sampled at 4 Hz and
the mean heart rate was substracted from the resulting
one thousand twenty-four point time series. A power
spectrum was computed by squaring the absolute value of
a Fast Fourier Transform of the one thousand twenty-four
point time series. Values for low frequency power (LFP)
were computed by integrating the spectrum of between
0.04 and 0.1 Hz. Respiratory frequency power (RFP) was
computed by integrating the heart rate power spectrum
over a 0.2 Hz-wide band centered at the mean respiratory
frequency.
k
12~7~9S
Hard copies of the heart rate time series and
power spectrum were printed for each 256 second
epochs. Trend graphics for the LFP, the RFP, LFP/RFP
ratio, mean heart rate and respiratory rate (hereinafter
referred to as the study parameters) were constructed by
manually entering data in data files and analyzing the
entered data by means of a computer.
Mean values for the study parameters were
calculated for each period of study. The Mann-Whitney
Rank Sum Test was used to determine statistically
significant changes in the study parameters in
individual patients and to determine differences among
groups of patients. When patients were segregated into
more than two groups, the Kruskal-Wallis Test, multiple
comparison test, and Tukey's HSD were employed to
determine statistical significance. P values of less
than 0.05 were considered significant.
It was found that during each three to
twenty-four hour period of study the study parameters
20- for a given patient, the LFP, the RFP and the LFP/RFP
ratio (hereinafter referred to as the spectral
parameters) remain fairly stable.
Based upon the results of this study, the
patients were retrospectively divided into three
groups. Group I included seventeen stable patients
whose median age was one month. The patients in Group I
were without major post-operative complications and did
not need prolonged inotropic support. The eight
patients in Group II suffered cardiac arrest and died.
The median age for the members of Group II was one
month. In Group III, there was a total of four patients
each of whom was critically ill at the time of the study
but later recovered. Median age of the members of Group
III was one month. Of the four members of Group III,
one required re-operation, one had intermittent
hypotensive episodes, and two had cardiac arrests from
~.25'7 ~9~
- 45 -
which they were successfully resuscitated.
In order to separate all twenty-nine patients
into a group of stable patients (Group A) and a group of
critical patients (Group B), data from each patient in
Group III was divided into the data collected during the
stable period (which applied to thre~ patients) and the
data collected during the preceding critical period
(which applied to four patients). When handled in this
way, Group A included data for twenty patients and Group
B included data for twelve patients. Typical heartrate
fluctuation power spectra for Group A and B are
respectively illustrated in Figs. 16 and 17.
In addition, studies were performed on three
patients who had isolated coarctation of the aorta at
three points in time: upon admission for congestive
heart failure; during treatment; during post-operative
period; and prior to discharge from an intensive care
unit. An attempt was made to identify changes in
cardiovascular regulatory function of each of these
stages.
Patient profiles for Groups I, II and III are
respectively provided in Tables V, VI and VII. These
profiles include age, diagnosis and operation.
TABLE V
PATIENT PROFILE; STABLE POST-OP N=17
AGE NO. DIAGNOSIS (NO.) OPERATION
<30 DAYS 9 TGA,IVS (3) ARTERIAL SNITCH
TGA,VSD,PS (1) L-BTS
HLHS (1) STAGE 1 REPAIR
SV (1) L-BTS
SEV. COAO (3) SUBCL.FLAP ANGIO.
;73J9~;
- ~6 -
1-12 MO. 5 TGA,IVS (1) ARTERIAL SWITCH
TGA,VSD,PS (1) BTS
MULT.VSD'S (1) VSD PATCH REPAIR
SUPRA-V. PS ~1) PA PATCH PLASTY
DCRV,VSDrCOAO (1) VSD REPAIR, ANOM.
B RESECTion
1-10 YRS. 2 PS (1) PULM. VALVOTOMY
TOF (1) TOF REPAIR
>10 YRS. 1 AR,MR AVR,MVR
TABLE VI
PATIENT PROFILE; CRITICAL, DIED N=8
.
AGE NO. DIAGNOSIS (NO.) OPERATION
<30 DAYS 4 HLHS (3) NORWOOD PROCEDURE
SV W/IAA (1) GORE-TEX GRAFT
1-12 MO. 3 HLHS (1) Fontan operation
DORV,TAPVC, (1) TAPVC REPAIR, SYS.
CCAVC PULM. SHUNT
HLHS (1) NON-OPERATIVE
6 1/2 YRS. 1 T OF S/P REPAIR W/ NON-OPERATIVE
CHRONIC SEV.
CARDIOMYOPATHY,
S/P ARREST
- 47 -
TABLE VII
PATIENT PROFILE: CRITICAL, RECOVERED N=4
AGE NO. DIAGNOSIS (NO.) OPERATION
<30 DAYS 3 HLHS,COAO (1) NORWOOD PROCEDURE
~LHS (2) NORWOOD PROCEDURE
10 14 YRS. 1 ACUTE MYOCARDITIS, NON-OPERATIVE
S/P ARREST
In Tables V, VI and VII: TGA is Transposition
of the Great Arteries; IVS is Ventricular Septal Defect;
PS is Pulmonic Stenosis; HLHS is Hypoplastic Left Heart
Syndrome; SV is Single Ventricle; SEV. is severe; COAO
is Coarctation of the Aorta; MULT is multiple; VSD is
Ventricular Septal Defect; Supra-V. is Supravalulvar;
DCRV is ~ouble Chamber Right Ventricle; TOF is Tetralogy
of Fallot; AR is Aortic Regurgitation; MR is Mitral
Reg~rgitation; W/IAA is with Interrupted Aortic Arch;
DORV is Double Outlet Right Ventricle; TAPVC is Total
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections; CCAVC is
Complete Common Atrial Ventricular Canal; S/P is Status
Post; L is Left; BTS is Blailock Taussig Shunt; PA is
Pulmonary Artery; ANOM. is Anomalous; B is muscle
Bundle; PULM is Pulmonary; and SYS is Systemic.
Statistically significant diffe;ences were
observed in the heart rates spectral parameters between
the groups of patients as well as among the individual
patients. However, the mean heart rate alone did not
distinguish stable from critically ill patients. Both
the LFP and the LFP/RFP ratio discriminated between the
Group A (stable) patients and the Group B (critical)
patients. The LFP/RFP ratio grew out of a statistically
significant ~p less than symbol 0.00001) discrimination
~s~
- 48 -
between stable and critical patients. Table VIII
presents means of study parameters.
TABLE VIII
MEANS OF STUDY PARAMETERS
GROUP A, STABLE
PARAMETER STD. ERROR 99% CONFIDENCE
(BEATS/MIN.) MEAN STD. DEV. OF MEAN LOWER UPPER
LFP 1.773.35 0.75 -.37 3.91
RFP 0.280.70 0.16 -.17 0.72
LFP/RFP RATIO8.77 4.86 1.09 8.76 8.79
HEART RATE 13919.60 4.38 139 139
GROUP B, CRITICAL
STD. ERROR 99~ CONFIDENCE
PARAMETER MEAN STD.DEV. OF MEAN LOWER UPPER
LFP .0S.03 .01 .02 .07
RFP .10.09 .03 .01 .18
LFP/RFP RATIO .83 .51 .15 .83 .83
HEART RATE 14224.32 7.02 142 142
The discriminate value for the LFP/RFP ratio
was two. In Group A, the range of LFP/RFP ratios was 3
to 22 (arithmetic mean 8.77). The range of RFPs was
0.01 to 3.13 (arithmetic mean 0.28) and the range of
LFPs was 0.09 to 13.88 (arithmetic mean 1.77). In Group
~.2~739~;
-- 49 --
B, the range of LFP/R~P ratios was 0.17 to 1.9
(arithmetic mean 0.83), the ratio of RFPs was 0.02 to
0.32 (arithmetic mean 0.1), and the range of LFPs was
0.01 to 0.1 (arithmetic mean 0.5)
Although the mean value of the LFP/RFP ratio
was greater than two for Group I, the ratio for the
stable patients fell below two for brief periods. That
which distinguishes the stable from the critical
patients is the sustained value for greater than or
about one hour of the LFP/RFP ratio for the critical
group.
The results are graphically depicted in Figs.
19, 17 and 18. In Figs. 16 and 17, each heavy dot A
represents a geometric mean, each light line B indicates
the standard error of the geometric mean and each heavy
line C represents the standard deviation of the
geometric mean. In Fig. 18, each heavy dot A represents
an arithmetic mean, each set of slashes Bl and B2
represents the standard error of the arithmetic mean and
each set of slashes Cl and C2 represents the standard
deviation of the arithemetic mean.
The significance of heart rate spectral
analysis for diagnosis of cardiovascular stress and the
prediction of fatality is highlighted by the fact that
patients with a low LFP/RFP ratio underwent a cardiac
arrest even in the presence of otherwise normal vital
signs. No patient with a LFP/RFP ratio greater than two
experienced a cardiac arrest.
Infusion of pressors, alone or in combination
with vasodilators, did not induce a low LFP/RFP ratio.
Four patients in Group III had LFP/RFP ratios
less than two during their critical periods. For the
three of these four patients who were restudied during
their recovery periods, all three had LFP/RFP ratios
greater than two.
The mean LFP for Group B [0.05 (Beats per
~25739~;
-- 50 --
minute)2] was less than the mean LFP for Group A [1.77
beats per minute)2], p <0.0001. There was no
significant difference between the mean RFP between the
groups.
The initial LFP/RFP ratios for the patients
with isolated coarctation of the aorta ranged up to
10,000. The LFP/RFP ratios observed for this group
immediately after an operation to correct the condition
were within the range for Group A patients. Two
patients had LFP/RFP ratios greater than 100 before
discharge from the intensive care unit. These ratios
were correlated with mild to moderate congestive heart
failure. One of these patients died suddenly at
approximately 2-1/2 months after the operation. The
other two patients remained alive and well.
Although the LFP/RFP ratio provided the
sharpest discrimination between stable and critical
patients in these studies, the LFP alone discriminated
between Groups A and B, p <0.0001. Neither respiratory
frequency peak power nor mean heart rate distinguished
between Groups A and B. On the other hand, LFP/RFP
ratios and LFP levels low levels sustained for greater
than or about one hour correlate with the course of the
conditions of patients who experienced cardiac arrest or
severe hypotensive episodes but later recovered.
Although stable patients experienced transient
depression of levels of LFP and of the LFP/RFP ratio,
depression of these factors for about an hour or more
never failed to predict a critical status.
No significant difference was observed between
freely ventilating patients and mechanically ventilated
patients. Eighteen out the twenty patients in Group A
were mechanically ventilated and all twelve of the Group
B patients were mechanically ventilated.
All patients in Group B received inotropic
support while more than half of the patients in the
~S7395
- 51 -
Group A received at least some inotropic support. The
cardiac diagnoses of all of the patients in Group B and
for some of the patients in Group A were known to be
associated with high mortality. All of the patients in
S Group B underwent deep hypothermic circulatory arrest
during their operations. Of the twenty patients in
Group A, nine had extra cardiac surgery (i.e. not
involving cardiopulmonary bypass or deep hypothermic
circulatory arrest). Three of the patients in Group II
did not undergo operations. Therefore, it is not
believed that differences in treatment or disease
specific pathology alone explained the low values LFP
and the low LFP/RFP ratios in Group B patients but that
the low values actually reflect a vulnerable circulatory
state.
It has also been observed that the value of
LFP and of the LFP/RFP ratio increase in moderate to
severe heart failure but decreased to subnormal values
in end stage myocardial failure. Thus, these two
spectral parameters may indicate cardiovascular
regulatory effectiveness (cardiovascular regulatory
reserve) during the stress of heart failure.
This analysis is consistent with previous
physiological studies which indicated that low frequency
heart fluctuations may be mediated by both the
beta-sympathetic and parasympathetic mechanisms while
respiratory fluctuations are exclusively mediated by
parasympathetic mechanisms. It is also consistent with
this analysis that LFP has been observed to increase
during conditions which elicit enhanced sympathetic
activity, such as acute hypoxia, postural changes,
hemmorhage and aortic constriction. In this light, the
LFP/RFP ratio may represent a measure of the balance
between beta adrenergic and parasympathetic modulation
of cardiac function.
Thus, the increase in LFP and in the LFP/RFP
l~S~395
-- 52 --
ratio for patients with isolated coarctation of the
aorta and moderate heart failure may result from an
increased activity from the sympathetic mechanism and a
decreased activity of the parasympathetic mechanism. On
the other hand, the decreased level of LFP and of the
LFP/RFP ratio found in critical patients may be due to
non-responsiveness of the sympathetic mechanism.
Sympathetic non-responsiveness may be due to myocardial
catecholamaine depletion alone or in combination with
the observed down regulation of beta receptors from
cardiac tissue in the end stage of heart failure.
EXAMPLE 2
In patients undergoing operations, shifts in
body fluid disposition during surgery may lead to
changes in intervascular volume (i.e. a shift of fluid
out of a circulatory tree of blood vessels).
Accordingly, the availability of the method of
diagnosing cardiovascular stress as described in Example
1 may be used to choose among various protocols for
treatment or to justify a radical change in medical or
surgical treatment.
For example, by monitoring a patient with the
real time heart rate frequency spectral monitor
according to the present invention during administration
of anesthesia, an anesthesiologist may non-invasively
monitor intravascular volume status. Upon observing an
increase in the LFP or in the LFP/RFP ratio, the
anesthesiologist may increase the amount of fluids
administered by way of intravenous injection or may take
steps to reverse effects of a particular anesthetic.
It is a particular advantage of the apparatus
according to the present invention that heart rate
fluctuation spectral analysis may be done in real
time. This capability permits correlation of treatment
administered with changes in LFP or LFP/RFP ratios.
~2S73~;
- 53 --
Although the present invention has been
described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is
understood that modifications, variations and
improvements will occur to those skilled in the art.
For example, it will occur to those skilled in the art
to employ the present invention for monitoring
cardiovascular instability in the following settings in
which significant circulatory stress are commonly
observed: Labor and Delivery Room; Operating Room;
Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory; Neonatal, Pediatric,
Adult Medical, Adult Surgical, Cardiothoracic and
Neurosurgical Intensive Care Units; Coronary Care Units;
Burn Units; and Emergency Rooms.
The present invention may also be used for
monitoring cardiovascular instability in the following
patients in which adjustments in cardiovascular
regulation may provide a central key to understanding
the efficiency and efficacy of treatment. Ambulatory
patients with known heart disease in which sudden
cardiac death is a common association, one example of
which would be a patient with a congestive
cardiomyopathy who is being treated with vasodialator
drugs and for whom the LFP/RFP ratio has changed from a
normal baseline level to decreased levels may then
subsequently be either admitted to the hospital for
adjustment of medications and/or observed and monitored
in the physician's office while his vasodialator drug
dose is increased. A patient with renal disease (e.g.
one who requires dialysis) may exhibit a marked increase
in LFP and LFP/RFP ratio secondary to the onset of
incipient moderate congestive heart failure would thus
be treated by dialysis to relieve a congested
circulatory state; a patient with moderate to severe
pulmonary disease resulting in hypoxemia and/or
hypercarbia who requires bronchodialator and/or
supplementary oxygen and/or mechanical ventilation (e.g.
~257395
- 54 -
a patient who exhibits a marked decrease in LFP/RFP
ratio secondary to myocardial failure due to a profound
imbalance between myocardial ventricular output and
oxygen demand), may be treated by adjustments in
bronchodialator drugs, diuretics, and/or ventilator
adjustments.
A premature infant of very low birth weight
known to be at risk for intraventricular hemorrhage may,
for example, develop a slow intracranial bleed
associated with an abrupt increase in LFP, which may
alert physicians prior to a brisk bleed thus allowing
institution of appropriate changes in medical management
to limit substantially known risk factors that may
predispose to such an event, or may permit recognition
of the presence of unsuspected circumstances that
contribute to the bleed. In neurologic disease, such as
one in which a patient has sustained a major
intracerebral event (e.g. neurosurgical evacuation of a
space occupying lesion such as a tumor or blood), a
patient may, for example, exhibit a markedly attenuated
LFP/RFP ratio, secondary to massively increased
parasympathetic activity which would markedly increase
RFP, at the expense of LFP, but which may or may not be
associated with signs of increased intracranial
pressure, and which may be treated by, for example,
hyperventillation, rapid diuresis, or burr hole
placement.
A patient with severe systemic infection may
exhibit shock secondary to the infection process may,
for example, exhibit an elevated LFP/RFP ratio which may
then be subsequently used by the physician in managing
the shock state by means of pressor agents and infusion
of significant volumes of fluid, thus providing the
physician an indication of how effectively he is
treating the shocked state above and beyond the
traditional measurements such as systemic blood pressure
~57395
-- 55 --
and cardiac output. A patient with hematologic disease
associated with anemia, such as Sickle Cell Anemia,
exhibits an oscillation in capillary blood flow when
severly anemic at the frequency associated with LFP and
may exhibit large values for LFP, and for the LFP/RFP
ratio may, for example, be treated by blood transfusion
which may lead to an expected decrease in LFP, LFP/RFP
ratio, and thus enable the physician to monitor by means
of heart rate spectral analysis appropriate timing for
transfusion therapy. A fetus prior to delivery, may for
example, exhibit a marked attenuation in LFP associated
with severe fetal distress, and may thus alert the
physician to perform an emergency Caesarean section.
One skilled in the art understands that the
calibrators according to the present invention may be
adjusted to simulate disease states as well as normal
conditions. It is also understood that the present
invention is not limited to use with patients whose
primary disease is of the heart but that modifications
may be made for use with such patients.
Lastly, it is clear to one skilled in the art
that durations and ranges for levels of LFP and LFP/RFP
ratios are conservatively stated herein and that
variations from these ranges and durations are
contemplated within the scope of the equivalents of the
present invention.
Therefore, it is intended that the methods and
apparatus according to the present invention to be given
the broadest scope allowable for the invention as
claimed.
~LZ5~739:~
56 -
APPENDIX A
S 10 Summary3:!
IThis program takes data already collected and
allows the data
!to be outputted to a printer
l2 MAY 1985
COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(60),Lfa_t(60~,Rfa_
t(60),Ratio_t(60),T_ptr,Time_nowl,Mean_resp_
t(60),Trend_dp
COM /Multi_param/ Start chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num_pts,Nu
m_xfer,Num ~fer_left,Name_len,Scr_file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
g0 COM /Editor/ Edit msg$[80]
100 COM /Subject/ Sub_name$[25],Hos_num$[15],Id_
age$[10],Id_wt$[10],Id_ht$[10
],Diag$[30],0pera~[45],Halt_pg,In_file$[6]
110 COM /Io chart/ Io time$(8)[10],Iv_intake(8),Fluid_
in(8),In tot(8),Urine(8
),Chest(8),0ut tot(8),Net(8),Io ptr
120 COM /Lab chart/ Lab
time$(8)[10],Na(8),Kl(8),Cl(8),Hco3(8),Ca(8),Hct(8),G
luc~8),Dig(8),Pt(8),Ptt(8),Creat(8),Bun(8),Lab_ptr
130 COM /Vent_chart/ Vent_
time$(8)[15],Rate(8),Fio2(8),Pp(8),Peep(8),Tv(83,
Ie_ratio$(8)[5],Airp(8),Ph(8),Po2(8),
Pco2(8),Bgo3(8),Be(8),Vent_ptr
140 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres time$(20)[15],Ao_s(20),Ao_
d(20),Ao_m(20),Pa_s(20),P
a_d(20),Pa_m(20),La_m(20),Ra_m(20),Pres_
~3~
- 57 -
ptr,Pres_in
150 COM /Heart_index/ Heart_
time$(15)[15],Citl5),Pvri(15),Svri(15),Heart_ptr
160 COM /Drugs/ Drug_time$(40)[20]~Drug_
name$(40)[40],Drug_dos$(40)[20],Drug_
ptr
170 DIM Msg_buffer$[5400] BUFFE~
180 DIM Pres_p(20),Io_p(8),Lab_p(8),Vent_p(8),Heart_
p(5)~Drug-p(4o)
190 INPUT "enter date on which data was collected
(ddmmyy) e.g. 22AP85",In_file$
200 Diskl$=":HP8290X,700,1"
210 INPUT "is the trend file named 'trnd'(l) or 'temp_
trend'(2)?",Ans
220 IF Ans=2 THEN
230 ASSIGN @Trend_file TO "temp_
trend"&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
240 ASSIGN @Messages TO "messglog"&Diskl$;FORMAT
OFF
20 250 ASSIGN @Hemo_data TO "hemo_
data"&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
260 ASSIGN @Io_data TO "io_data"&Diskl$;FORMAT
OFF
270 ASSIGN @Lab_data TO "lab data"&Diskl$;FORMAT
OFF
280 ASSIGN @Vent_data To "vent_
data"&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
290 ASSIGN @Co data TO "co_data"&Diskl$;FORMAT
OFF
30 300 ASSIGN @Drug_data TO "drug_
data"&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
310 ASSIGN @Sub_data TO "sub_data"&Diskl$;FORMAT
OFF
320 ON END @Trend_file GOTO Start
330 FOR I=0 TO 55
340 ENTER @Trend_file;Trans_t(I),Mean_hr_
~Z5 7~5
- 5~ -
t(I),Lfa_t~I),Rfa_t(I),Ratio
_t(I),Mean_resp_t(I)
350 NEXT I
360 T_ptr=I
5 370 Num_xfer=T ptr
380 ELSE
390 ASSIGN @Trend_file TO "trnd"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
400 ASSIGN @Messages TO "msgs"&In_
file$&Diskl$ FORMAT OFF
410 ASSIGN @Hemo_data TO "hemo"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
420 ASSIGN @Io_data TO "io _ "&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
15 430 ASSIGN @Lab_data TO "lab_"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
440 ASSIGN @Vent_data TO ~'vent"~In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
450 ASSIGN @Co_data TO "co_"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
460 ASSIGN @Drug_data TO "drug"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
470 ASSIGN @Sub data TO "sub_"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
25 480 ENTER @Trend_file;Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_t(*),Rfa_
t(*),Ratio_t(*),Mean_resp
_t(*),Trans_time(*),T_ptr
490 Num_xfer=T_ptr
500 END IF
30 510 ASSIGN @Trend_file TO *
520 ON END @Hemo_data GOTO Hemol
530 FOR I=0 TO 20
540 ENTER @Hemo_data;Pres_time$(I),Ao_s(I),Ao_
d(I),Ao_m(I),Pa_s(I),Pa_d(I
),Pa_m(I),La_m(I),Ra_m(I),Pres_p(I)
550 NEXT I
~5
- 59 -
560 Hemol:ASSIGN @Hemo_data TO *
570 Pres_ptr=I-l
580 ON END @Io_data GOTO Iol
590 FOR I=0 TO 8
5 600 ENTER @Io_data;Io_time$(I),Iv_intake(I),Fluid_
in(I),In_tot(I)IUrine(I
),Chest(I),Out_tot(I)INet(I)lIo_p(I)
610 NEXT I
620 Iol:ASSIGN @Io_data TO *
10 630 Io_ptr=I-l
640 ON END @Lab_data GOTO Labl
650 FOR I=0 TO 8
660 ENTER @Lab_data;Lab_
time$(I)INa(I)l~l(I)lCl(I),Hco3(I),Ca(I),Hct(I),G
luc(I),Dig(I)IPt(I)lPtt(I)lCreat(I),Bun(I),Lab_p(I)
670 NEXT I
680 Labl:ASSIGN @Lab_data TO *
690 Lab_ptr=I-l
700 ON END @Vent_data GOTO Ventl
710 FOR I=0 TO 8
720 ENTER @Vent_data;Vent_
time$(I),Rate(I),Fio2(I),Pp(I),Peep(I),Tv(I),
Ie_ratio$(I),Airp(I),Ph(I),Po2(I),
Pco2(I),Bgo3(I),Be(I),Vent_p(I)
730 NEXT I
740 Ventl:ASSIGN @Vent_data TO *
750 Vent_ptr=I-l
760 ON END @Co_data GOTO Col
770 FOR I=0 TO 5
30 780 ENTER @Co_data;Heart_
time$(I),Ci(I),Pvri(I),Svri(I),Heart_p(I)
790 NEXT I
800 Col:~SSIGN @Co_data TO *
810 Heart_ptr=I-l
820 ON END @Drug_data GOTO Drugl
830 FOR I=0 TO 40
~;57~5
- 60 -
840 ENTER @Drug_data;Drug_time$(I),Drug_
name$(I),Drug_dos$(I),Drug_p(I)
850 NEXT I
860 Drugl:ASSIGN @Drug_data TO *
870 Drug_ptr=I-l
880
890
900
910 Pacing_rate=250
920 Time_nowl=TIMEDATE MOD 86400
930 Out graph=l
l....graphics
dump
940 Trend_dp=2
950 CALL Trend_graph
960 CALL Graph_dump(Out_graph)
970 Trend_dp=l
980 CALL Trend_graph
990 CALL Graph dump(Out_graph)
1000
1010 Chart_dump:!
1020 ENTER @Sub_data;Sub_name$,Hos_num$,Id_age$,Id_
wt$,Id_ht$,Diag$,0pera$
1030 ASSIGN @Sub_data TO *
1040 Out_graph=2
1050 FOR I=l TO 5
1060 CALL Chart(I)
1070 CALL Graph_dump(Out_graph) !... chart dump
1080 NEXT I
1090
1100
1110 Msg_dump: !
1120 IF Ans=l THEN
1130 ASSIGN @Msg_file TO "msgs"&In_
file$&Diskl$;FORMAT OFF
1140 ELSE
- 61 -
1150 ASSIGN @Msg_file TO "messglog"&Diskl$;FORMAT
OFF
1160 END IF
1170 PRINTER IS 701
1180 ASSIGN @Msg_buffer TO BUFFER Msg_buffer$
1190 STATUS @Msg_file,3;Num_rec
1200 STATUS @Msg_file,4;Rec_len
1210 STATUS @Msg_file,7;Eof_rec
1220 STATUS @Msg_file,8;Eof_byte
1230 Num bytes=(Eof_rec-l)*Rec_len+Eof_byte-l
1240 Read_msg:TRANSFER @Msg file TO @Msg_buffer;COUNT
Num bytes,WAIT
1250 ASSIGN @Msg_file TO *
1260 ASSIGN @Msg_buffer TO *
1270 Cur_ptr=l
1280 PRINT USING Image_wtl;Sub_name$,Hos_num$,In_
file$
1290 Image_wtl:IMAGE "Name: ",K,XXXX,"Hosp num:
",K,XXXXX,K
1300 PRINT USING Image_wt2;Id_age$,Id_wt$,Id_
ht$,Diag$,Opera$
1310 Image wt2:IMAGE "Age: ",K,XXXX,"Wt(kg):
",K,XXXX,"Ht(cm): ",K,XXXX,"Diag:
^ " K
,K,XXXX, vp:
1320 Next_msg:!
1330 Beg msg=POS(Msg_buffer$[4],"Time")+3
1340 IF Beg_msg=3 THEN GOTO Stopper
1350 PRINT Msg_buffer$[1,Beg msg-l]
1360 Msg buffer$=Msg_buffer$[Beg msg]
1370 GOTO Next_msg
1380 Stopper:!PRINTER IS 1
1390 STOP
1400 END
1410
1420
1430 !This subroutine prints the graphics
~5'7
-- ~2 --
1440
1450
1460 SUB Trend_graph
1470 !
5 1480 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_t(*),Rfa_
t(*),Ratio_t(*),T_ptr,Time now
l,Meas_resp_t(*),Trend dp,Trans_time(*)
1490 COM /Multi_param/ Start_chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num_pt
s,Num_xfer,Num_xfer_left,Name_len,Scr_
file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
1500 COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
15 1510 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres_time$(*),Ao_s(*),Ao_
d(*),Ao_m(*),Pa_s(*),Pa_d(*
),Pa m(*),La_m(*),Ra_m(*),Pres_ptr,Pres_in
1520 DIM First_line(60),Sec_line(60),Third_
line(60),Fourth_line(60)
20 1530 IF Trend_dp=l THEN
1540 MAT First_line= Ao_m
1550 MAT Sec_line= Pa_m
1560 MAT Third_line= La_m
1570 MAT Fourth_line= Ra_m
1580 G_right=INT((Num_xfer*256/60)/15)
1590 Trend_ptr=Pres_ptr
1600 Topl=150
1610 Botl=0
1620 Top2=75
1630 Bot2=0
1640 Top3=50
1650 Bot3=0
1660 Top4=50
1670 Bot4=0
1680 ELSE
1690 MAT First_line= Mean_hr_t
- 63 -
1700 MAT Sec_line= Ratio_t
1710 MAT Third_line= Lfa_t
1720 MAT Fourth_line= Rfa_t
1730 G_right=Num_xfer
5 1740 Trend_ptr=T_ptr
1750 Topl=200
1760 Botl=0
1770 Top2=2.5
1780 Bot2=-2.5
1790 Top3=10
1800 Bot3=0
1810 Top4=10
1820 Bot4=0
1830 END IF
1840 Block_time=Pacing_rate*1.024/3600.
1850 GINIT
1860 GCLEAR
1870 PRINT CHR$(12)
1880 GRAPHICS ON
1890 Beg_time=Time nowl/3600-Block time
1900 End_time=Beg_time+Num_xfer*Block_time
1910 Ibeg_time=INT(Beg_time)
1920 IF Ibeg_time<Beg_time THEN Ibeg_time=Ibeg_
time+l
1930 1
1940 1 label the time axes
1950 1
1960 VIEWPORT 0,128,45,50
1970 WINDOW Beg_time,End_time,0,1
30 1980 IF INT(End_time)>Beg_time THEN
1990 LDIR 0
2000 . FOR T label=Ibeg_time TO INT(End time)
2010 MOVE T_label,.5
2020 LORG 5
2030 CSIZE 4
2040 LABEL T_label
- 64 -
2050 NEXT T_ label
2060 END IF
2070 VIEWPORT 0,128,40,45
2080 WINDOW 0,1,0,1
2090 MOVE .5,0
2100 LORG 4
2110 LABEL "Time (24 hr)"
2120 !
2130 I draw the axes
2140 !
2150 VIEWPORT 0,128,50,100
2160 WINDOW Beg time,End_time,0,1
2170 AXES 1/15.,.1,Beg_time,0
2180 WINDOW 1,0,1,0
2190 AXES 0,.25,0,0
2200 1
.2210 I mean heart rate trends
2220 1
2230 WINDOW -l,G_right,Botl,Topl
2240 MOVE 0,First_line(0)
2250 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
2260 DRAW I,First_line(I)
2270 NEXT I
2280 1
2290 ! ratio trends (with a line at ratio=2)
2300 1
2310 WINDOW -l,G_right,Bot2,Top2
2320 LINE TYPE 8,5
2330 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
2340 MOVE 0,LGT(Sec_line(0))
2350 ELSE
2360 MOVE 0,Sec_line(0)
2370 END IF
2380 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
2390 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
2400 DRAW I,LGT(Sec_line(I))
- 65 -
2410 ELSE
2420 DRAW I,Sec line(I)
2430 END IF
2440 NEXT I
5 2450 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
2460 LINE TYPE 3,5!.. sparsely dotted line at
ratio=2
2470 MOVE 0,LGT(2.)
2480 DRAW Trend_ptr-l,LGT(2.)
2490 END IF
2500 1
2510 ! lfa trends
2520 1
2530 WINDOW -l,G_right,Bot3,Top3
2540 LINE TYPE 4,5
2550 MOVE 0,Third line(0)
2560 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
2570 DRAW I,Third_line(I)
2580 NEXT I
2590 1
2600 I rfa trends
2610 1
2620 WINDOW -l,G_right,Bot4,Top4
2630 LINE TYPE 5,5
2640 MOVE 0,Fourth_line(0)
2650 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
2660 DRAW I,Fourth_line(I)
2670 NEXT I
2680 1
2690 I draw a key for line types
2700 1
2710 VIEWPORT 64,128,0,50
2720 NINDOW 0,1,0,13
2730 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
2740 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"trend graph"
2750 PRINT TABXY(55,15);"mean hr(0-200)"
5~5
- 66 -
2760 PRINT TABXY(55,16);"ratio(.01-100)"
2770 PRINT TABXY(55,17);"1fa (0-10)"
2780 PRINT TABXY(55,18);"rfa (0-10)"
2790 ELSE
2800 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"mean pressure graphs"
2810 PRINT TABXY(50,15);"ao pressure(0-150)"
2820 PRINT TABXY(50,16);"pa pressure(0-75)"
2830 PRINT TABXY(50,17);"1a pressure(0-50)"
2840 PRINT TABXY(50,18);"ra pressure(0-50)"
2850 END IF
2860 LINE TYPE 1,5
2870 MOVE .8,11
2880 DRAW 1.,11
2890 LINE TYPE 8,5
2900 MOVE .8,10
2910 DRAW 1.,10
2920 LINE TYPE 4,5
2930 MOVE .8,9
2940 DRAW 1.,9
2950 LINE TYPE 5,5
2960 MOVE .8,8
2970 DRAW 1.,8
2980 SUBEND
2990 ~
3000 1
3010 IThis subroutine prints the charts
3020 1
3030 1
3040 SUB Chart(Chart_num)
30 3050 COM /Subject/ Sub_name$,Hos_num$,Id_age$,Id_
wt$,Id_ht$,Diag$,0pera$,H
alt_pg,In_file$
3060 COM /Io_chart/ Io_time$(*),Iv_intake(*),Fluid_
in(*),In_tot(*),Urine(*
),Chest(*),Out_tot(*),Net(*),Io_ptr
3070 COM /Lab_chart/ Lab_
~Z5~;7395
- 67 -
time$~*),Na(*),Klt*),Cl(*)~Hco3(*),Ca(*~,Hct(*),G
luc(*)~Dig(*)~pt(*)~ptt(*)~creat(*)~Bun(*)~
ptr
3080 COM /Vent_chart/ Vent_
time$(*),Rate(*),Fio2(*),Pp(*),Peep(*),Tv(*),
Ie_ratio$(*),Airp(*),Ph(*),Po2(*),Pco2(*),
Bgo3(*),Be(*),Vent ptr
3090 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres_time$(*),Ao_s(*),Ao_
d(*),Ao_m(*),Pa_s(*),Pa_d(*
),Pa_m(*),La_m(*),Ra_m(*),Pres_ptr,Pres_in
3100 COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
3110 COM /Heart_index/ Heart_
time$(*),Ci(*),Pvri(*),Svri(*),Heart_ptr
15 3120 COM /Drugs/ Drug_time$(*),Drug_name$(*),Drug_
dos$(*),Drug_ptr
3130 Out_graph=2
3140 Pres_stl=0
3150 Lab_stl=0
3160 Io_stl=0
3170 Vent_stl=0
3180 Drug_stl=0
3190 Io_p=Io_ptr
3200 Lab_p=Lab_ptr
25 3210 Vent_p=Vent_ptr
3220 Pres_p=Pres_ptr
3230 Heart_p=Heart_ptr
3240 Drug_p=Drug_ptr
3250
30 3260 I set up identifying subject info
3270
3280 GRAPHICS OFF
3290 PRINT CHR$(12)
3300 PRINT TABXY(l,l);
35 3310 PRINT USING Image_wtl;Sub_name$,Hos_num$,In_
file$
- 68 -
3320 Image_wtl:IMAGE "Name: ",K,XXXX,"Hosp ~um:
",K,XXXXX,K
3330 PRINT TABXY(1,2);
3340 PRINT USING Image_wt2;Id_age$,Id_wt$,Id_
ht$,Diag$,Opera$
3350 Image_wt2:IMAGE "Age: ",K,XXXX,"Wt(kg):
",K,XXXX,"Ht(cm): ",K,XXXX,"Diag:
",K,XXXX,"Op: ",K
3360
10 3370 ! go to appropriate chart
3380
3390 ON Chart_num GOTO In_out,Lab_val,Vent_
val,Pres_val,Drug
3400 In_out:! .... intake/output
3410 ! IF Io_ptr>3 THEN Io_stl=2
3420 ! IF Io_ptr>5 THEN
3430 ! DISP "do not input more Intake/Output
! data; disc full"
3440 ! WAIT 3
3450 .! SUBEXIT
3460 I END IF
3470 PRINT TABXY(30,3);"INTAKE/OUTPUT CHART"
3480 PRINT TABXY(1,4);"Intake (cc/hr) "
3490 PRINT TABXY(1,5);"Time"
3500 PRINT TABXY(4,6);"Maint. Fluid"
3510 PRINT TABXY(4,7);"0ther Fluids"
3520 PRINT TABXY(l,9);"Total "
3530 PRINT TABXY(l,ll);"Output (cc/hr)"
3540 PRINT TABXY(4,12);"Urine"
3550 PRINT TABXY(4,13);"Chest"
3560 PRINT TABXY(1,15);"Total"
3570 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"Net I/O"
3580 Start=25
3590 IF Io_ptr>3 THEN Io_p=3
3600 Io_dp:POR I=Io_stl TO Io_p
3610 PRINT TABXY(Start,5);Io_time$(I)
~::257~95
- 69 -
3620 PRINT TABXY(Start,6);Iv_intake(I)
3630 PRINT TABXY(Start,7);Fluid_in(I)
3640 PRINT TABXY(Start,g);In_tot(I)
3650 PRINT TABXY(Start,12) Urine(I)
3660 PRINT TABXY(Start,13);Chest(I)
3670 PRINT TABXY(Start,15) r Out_tot(I)
3680 PRINT TABXY~Start,17);Net(I)
3690 Start=Start+10
3700 NEXT I
10 3710 IF Io ptr>Io p THEN
3720 INPUT "more data on next page - do you
want this dumped to printe
r? (Y/N)",Ans$
3730 IF Ans$="Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN CALL Graph
dump(Out graph)
3740 Io stl=4
3750 Io p=Io_ptr
3760 Start=25
3770 FOR J=5 TO 17
20 3780 PRINT TABXY(Start,J);" "
3790 NEXT J
3800 GOTO Io dp
3810 END IF
3820 GOTO Finish
3830 !
3840 1
3850 Lab val:l ... lab values
3860 IIF Lab ptr>3 THEN Lab stl=2
3870 IIF Lab ptr>5 THEN
30 3880 I DISP "do not input any more lab values;
I disc full"
3890 I WAIT 3
3900 I SUBEXIT
3910 IEND IF
3920 PRINT TABXY(30,3);"Lab Values"
3930 PRINT TABXY(10,4);"Time"
~7395
- 70 -
3940 PRINT TABXY(1,6);"Na"
3950 PRINT TABXY(1,7);"K"
3960 PRINT TABXY(1,8);"Cl"
3970 PRINT TABXY(l,9);"HCO3"
3980 PRINT TABXY(1,10);"Ca"
3990 PRINT TABXY(l,ll);"Hct"
4000 PRINT TABXY(1,12);"Glucose"
4010 PRINT TABXY(1,13);"Dig level"
4020 PRINT TABXY(1,14);"PT"
4030 PRINT TABXY(1,15);"PTT"
4040 PRINT TABXY(1,16);"Creat"
4050 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"Bun"
4060 Start=15
4070 IF Lab ptr>3 THEN Lab_p=3
4080 Lab dp:FOR I=Lab_stl TO Lab_p
4090 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,4);Lab_time$(I)
4100 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,6);Na(I)
4110 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,7);Kl(I)
4120 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,8);Cl(I)
20 4130 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,9);Hco3(I)
4140 PRINT TA~XY(Start+10,10);Ca(I)
4150 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,11);Hct(I)
4160 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,12);Gluc(I)
4170 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,13);Dig(I)
4180 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,14);Pt(I)
4190 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,15);Ptt(I)
4200 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,16);Creat(I)
4210 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,17);Bun(I)
4220 Start=Start+10
4230 NEXT I
4240 IF Lab_ptr>Lab_p THEN
4250 INPUT "more data on next page - do you
want this dumped to printe
r? (Y/N)",Ans$
35 4260 IF Ans$="Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN CALL Graph_
dump(Out_graph)
~,2~739s
- 71 -
4270 Lab_stl=4
4280 Lab_p=Lab_ptr
4290 Start=15
4300 FOR J=4 TO 17
5 431~ PRINT TABXY(Start,J);" "
4320 NEXT J
4330 GOTO Lab_dp
4340 END IF
4350 GOTO Finish
4360l
4370!
4380 Vent_val:! .... ventilation values
4390 ! IF Vent_ptr>3 THEN Vent_stl=2
4400 ! IF Vent_ptr>5 THEN Vent_stl=4
4410 ! ~F Vent_ptr>7 THEN
4420 ! DISP "do not input any more Vent values;
~isc full"
4430 ! WAIT 3
4440 ! SUBEXIT
4450 ! END IF
4460 PRINT TABXY(30,3);"VENTILATION"
4470 PRINT TABXY(1l4):"Settings Hour:"
4480 PRINT TABXY(4,5);"Rate"
4490 PRINT TABXY(4,6);"FIO2"
4500 PRINT TABXY(4,7);"Peak Pres"
4510 PRINT TABXY(4,8);"Peep"
4520 PRINT TABXY(4,9);"TV"
4530 PRINT TABXY(4,10);"I:E ratio"
4540 PRINT TABXY(4,11);"Mean air"
4550 PRINT TABXY(1,12);"Blood Gases"
4560 PRINT TABXYt4,13);"ph"
4570 PRINT TABXY(4,14);"pO2"
4580 PRINT TABXY(4,15);"pCO2"
4590 PRINT TABXY(4,16);"HCO3"
4600 PRINT TABXY(4,17);"BE"
4610 Start=15
1~2573~;
~ 72 -
4620 IF Vent_ptr>3 THEN Vent_p=3
4630 Vent_dp:FOR I=Vent_stl TO Vent_p
4640 PRINT TAB~Y(Start+10,4);Vent_time$(I)
4650 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,5);Rate(I)
4660 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,6);Fio2(I)
4670 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,7);Pp(I)
4680 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,8);Peep(I)
4690 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,9);Tv(I)
4700 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,10);Ie_ratio$(I)
4710 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,11);Airp(I)
4720 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,13);Ph(I)
4730 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,14);Po2(I)
4740 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,15);Pco2(I)
4750 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,16);Bgo3(I)
4760 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,17);Be(I)
4770 Start=Start+10
4780 NEXT I
4790 IF Vent ptr>Vent_p THEN
4800 INPUT "more data on next page - do you
want this dumped to printe
r? (Y/N)",Ans$
4810 IF Ans$="Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN CALL Graph_
dump(Out_graph)
4820 Vent stl=4
25 4830 Vent_p=Vent_ptr
4840 Start=15
4850 FOR J=4 TO 17
4860 PRINT TABXY(Start,J);" "
4870 NEXT J
30 4880 GOTO Vent_dp
4890 END IF
4900 GOTO Finish
4910 !
4920 1
35 4930 Pres_val:l .... pressure values
4940 !IF Pres_ptr>12 THEN Pres_stl=5
- 73 -
4950 PRINT TABXY(9,3);"Time:"
4960 PRINT TABXY(1,4);"Systemic"
4970 PRINT TABXY~4,5);"systolic"
4980 PRINT TABXY(4,6);"diastolic"
4990 PRINT TABXY(4,7);"mean"
5000 PRINT TABXY(1,8);"Pulmonary"
5010 PRINT TABXY(4,9);"systolic"
5020 PRINT TABXY(4,10);"diastolic"
5030 PRINT TABXY(4,11);"mean"
5040 PRINT TABXY(1,12);"LA mean"
5050 PRINT TABXY(1,13);"~A mean"
5060 PRINT TABXY(9,14);"Time: "
5070 PRINT TABXY(1,15);"C.I."
5080 PRINT TABXY(1,16);"PVRI"
5090 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"SVRI"
5100 Start=15
5110 IF Pres ptr>l2 THEN Pres_p=12
5120 Pres_dp:FOR I=Pres_stl TO Pres_p
5130 PRINT TABXY(Start,3);Pres_time$(I)
5140 PRINT TABXY(Start,5);Ao_s(I)
5150 PRINT TABXY(Start,6);Ao d(I)
5160 PRINT TABXY(Start,7~;Ao_m(I)
5170 PRINT TABXY(Start,9);Pa_s(I)
5180 PRINT TABXY(Start,10);Pa d(I)
25 5190 PRINT TABXY(Start,ll);Pa_m(I)
5200 PRINT TABXY(Start,12);La_m(I)
5210 PRINT TABXY(Start,13);Ra m(I)
5220 Start=Start~5
5230 NEXT I
5240 Start=15
5250 FOR I=0 TO Heart_ptr
5260 PRINT TABXY(Start,14);Heart_time$(I)
5270 PRINT TABXY(Start,15);Ci(I)
5280 PRINT TABXY(Start,16);Pvri(I)
5290 PRINT TABXY(Start,17);Svri(I)
5300 Start=Start+5
., .
- 74 -
5310 NEXT I
5320 IF Pres ptr>Pres p THEN
5330 INPUT "more data on next page - do you
want this dumped to printe
r? (Y/N)",Ans$
5340 IF Ans$-"Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN CALL Graph_
dump(Out_graph)
5350 Pres_stl=13
5360 Pres_p=Pres_ptr
5370 Start=15
5380 FOR J=3 TO 13
5390 PRINT TABXY(Start,J);" "
5400 NEXT J
5410 GOTO Pres dp
5420 END IF
5430 GOTO Finish
5440 1
5450 !
5460 Drug:! .... hey man, drugs
5470 IIF Drug_ptr>9 THEN Drug_stl=4
5480 1 IF Drug_ptr>14 THEN Drug_stl=9
5490 IIF Drug ptr>l9 THEN Drug_stl=14
5500 IIF Drug ptr>24 THEN Drug stl=l9
5510 IIF Drug ptr>29 THEN Drug stl=24
5520 IIF Drug ptr>34 THEN Drug stl=29
5530 IIF Drug ptr>38 THEN
5540 I DISP "do not enter more drugs; disc full"
5550 ! WAIT 3
5560 I SUBEXIT
5570 I END IF
5580 PRINT TABXY(30,4);"Drug Chart"
5590 PRINT TABXY(1,6);"Name"
5600 PRINT TABXY(30,6);"Dosage"
5610 PRINT TABXY(60,6);"Time"
5620 D_line=7
5630 IF Drug_ptr>9 THEN Drug_p=9
S
- 75 -
5640 Drug_dp:FOR I=Drug_stl TO Drug_p
5650 PRINT TABXY(l,D_line);Drug_name$(I)
5660 PRINT TABXY(30,D_line);Drug_dos$(I)
5670 PRINT TABXY(60,D_line);Drug_time$(I)
5 5680 D_line=D_line+l
5690 NEXT I
5700 IF Drug_ptr>Drug_p THEN
5710 INPUT "more data on next page - do you
want this dumped to printer? (Y/N)",Ans$
10 5720 IF Ans$="Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN CALL Graph_
dump(Out_graph)
5730 Drug_stl=Drug_stl+10
5740 Drug_p=Drug_p+10
5750 D_line=7
5760 FOR J=7 TO 17
5770 PRINT TABXY(l,J);" "
5780 NEXT J
5790 GOTO Drug_dp
5800 END IF
5810 Finish: I
5820 SUBEND
5830
5840
5850
5860 SUB Graph_dump(A)
5870 Graph_dump:INPUT "do you want a hard copy?
~Y/N~",Ans$
5880 IF Ans$="Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN
5890 IF A=l THEN
5900 DUMP GRAPHICS #701
5910 PRINTER IS 701
5911 PRINT CHR$(12)
5920 GRAPHICS OFF
5930 ELSE
5940 DUMP ALPHA #701
5950 PRINTER IS 701
~ ;7~
- 76 -
5960 PRINT CHR$(12)
5970 END IF
5980 END IF
5990 PRINTER IS 1
6000 SUBEND
~'~5~3~5
- 77 -
10 Hrsa3:ITHIS IS A PROGRAM TO SET UP THE HIG~ SPEED
A/D !SYSTEM
! AND CONTINUOUSLY OBTAIN INFORMATION
5 40
!
! LAST REVISION: 30 April 1985
~
100
110
120 ! ~ FULL SET OF DECLARATIONS FOR THE HPIB BUS
EXTENDED TALK ADDRESSES
130
140
150 Assignments:
160 ASSIGN @Multi TO 723
20 170 ASSIGN @Input_para TO 72301
180 ASSIGN @Input_intr TO 72302
190 ASSIGN @Input_ext TO 72303
200 ASSIGN @Read_format TO 72304
210 ASSIGN @Memory_input TO 72305
25 220 ASSIGN @Read_val TO 72306
230 ASSIGN @Read status TO 72308
240 ASSIGN @Output_intr TO 72309
250 ASSIGN @Hpib_srq_status TO 72310
260 ASSIGN @Err status_lst TO 72311
30 270 ASSIGN @Int_addr TO 72312
28Q ASSIGN @Busy_instr TO 72313
290 ASSIGN @Read_clock TO 72314
300
310
~257395
- 78 -
320 1................................................
330
340 I SET UP INTERRUPT/ERROR HANDLERS
350 I SET UP COMMON STORAGE/ARRAY STORAGE
360 1
370
380
390 COM /Intr 7/ Int_flag,Status_bytes(5)0 400 COM /Flags/ Atod_done,Scanner done,Memoryl_
done,Memory2_done,Timer done,Counter_done,
Memory3 done,Memory4_done
410 COM /Io_arrays/ Counters(3),Counters2(3),Time_
base$[7]
420 COM /Multi_param/ Start_chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num_pts,Nu m_xfer,Num_xfer_
left,Name_len,Scr_file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
430 COM /Hr_sig/ Num_pulses,Last_pulse,First_blk_
flg,Last_time,Num_hr_sig,Max_hr_pts,Avg_
hr,Rollover,Hr smooth
440 COM /Plot par/ Plotbox,Boxcar flg,Log
plotflg,Freq limit,Resp search,Pct thresh
450 COM /Graphs/
Hrdata(512),Hrspec(512),Respspec(512),Bpspec(512)
460 COM /Vitaldata/ Rfa,Lfa,Peakratio,Meas resp,Next_
time
470 COM /Messagecom/ Message$(10)r80],@Messages
480 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(60),Lfa_t(60),Rfa_
t(60),Ratio_t(60),T ptr,Time_now l,Meas_resp_
t(60),Trend_dp
490 COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
500 COM /Editor/ Edit msg$[80]
510 COM /Subject/ Sub_name$[25],Hos_num$[15],Id_
age$[10],Id_wt$[10],Id_ht$[10 ],Diag~[30],
~2~739~i
- 79 -
Opera~45],Halt_pg
520 ~OM /Io_chart/ Io_time$(8)[10],Iv_intake(8),Fluid_
in(8),In_tot(8),Urine(8 ),Chest(8),0ut
tot(8),Net(8),Io_ptr
530 COM /Lab_chart/ Lab_time$(8)[10],Na(8),Kl(8),
Cl(8),Hco3(8),Ca(8),Hct(8),G luc(8),
Dig(8~,Pt(8),Ptt(8),Creat(8),Bun(8),Lab_ptr
540 COM /Vent_chart/ Vent_
time$(8)[15],Rate(8),Fio2(8),Pp(8),Peep(8),Tv(8),
Ie_ratio$~8)[10],Airp(8),Ph(8),Po2(8),
Pco2(8),Bgo3(8),Be(8),Vent_ptr
550 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres_time$(20)[15],Ao_s(20),Ao_
d(20),Ao_m(20),Pa_s(20),Pa_d(20),Pa_m(20),
La_m(20),Ra_m(20),Pres_ptr,Pres_in
560 COM /Heart_index/ Heart_
time$(15)[15],Ci(15),Pvri(15),Svri(15),Heart_ptr
570 COM /Drugs/ Drug_time$(40)[20],Drug_
name$(40)[40],Drug_dos$(40)[20],Drug_ptr
590 DIM Io$(5,15)[30]!Io_msg$(5,15)[80]
600 DIM Msg_pad$(10)[80]
610 DIM Msg_buffer$[80] BUFFER
620 ASSIGN @Msg_buffer TO BUFFER Msg_buffer$
630 Log_plotflg=0
640 Freq_limit=l.
650 Resp_search=.l
660 Pct_thresh=.2
670 Scr_file$="?"
680 Halt_pg=0
690 Message$(0)="messages in "
700 Message$(1)="I/O chart "
710 Message$(2)="lab values"
720 Message$(3)="hemodynamics"
730 Message$(4)="Trends Display"
740 Message$(5)="messages out"
750 Message$(6)="STOP PROGRAM"
760 Message$(7)="ventilation"
~57395
-- 80 --
770 Message$(8)="drugs"
780 Messa~e$(9)="B.P. Display"
790 Msg_pad_ptr=0
800 P_ptr=0
810
820 I Set up common/array storage for waveform
analysis
830
850
860 ! Set up common/array storage for waveform
analysis
870 !.................................................
880
890 COM /Directory/ Dir$[160],@Printer
900 COM /Wfl/ Printer,Plotter,String$[40]
910 COM /Wf2/ Signal(1089),Number_pnts,Type,Sampling_
period
920 COM /Wf3/ Segment_size,Overlap,Num_segments,Pnts_
used,Fft size
930 COM /Wf5/ Refn(63),Refd(63),Refno,Refdo,Refgain
940 COM /Autoparam/ Up_down,Up_delay,Dn_delay
950 COM /Vars/ Ffthrvar,Fftrespvar
960
g70 DISP "loading subroutines"
980 LOADSUB ALL FROM "multi_subs"
990 LOADSUB ALL FROM "hr_siggen8"
1000 LOADSUB ALL FROM "automaxsb2"
1010 LOAD~UB ALL FROM "fft_anal6"
1020 DISP "load data disks and press CONTINUE"
1030 PAUSE
1040
1050 !
1060 ! The HP 9826/9836 flexible disk (5-1/4") has the
! following structure
3'95
- 81 -
1070 ~ 2 sides, 33 tracks/side, 16 sectors/track, 256
! bytes/sector
1080 ! 1 track = 4096 bytes = 16 sectors
1090 ~ 1 side = 135168 bytes = 528 sectors
1100 ! 1 disk = 270336 bytes = 1056 sectors
1110 ! 1 disk = 135168 words = 132K words
1120 !.................................................
1130
1140
1150 INTEGER Hpib_bufferl(2048) BUFFER
1160 INTEGER Hpib_buffer2(2048) BUFFER
1170 DIM Hr_signal(1024) BUFFER
1180 Read_ptrl=0
1190 Read_ptr2=0
1200
1210
1230 I CLEAR MULTIPROGRAMMER
1240 !................. ~................ ~
1250
1260
1270 ON INTR 7 CALL Hpib_intr
1280 Begin:CALL Multi_clear
1290
1300
1310 !...............................................
1320 ! LOAD SUPPLEMENTAL INSTRUCTION SET ("MR")
1330 ~ usage: "MR,<card addr>,<# words>,<read
ptr>,<mode>T"
1340 1 <mode= l-FIFO, 4-recirculating>
1350 1.............................................
1360
1370
r~
- 82 -
1380 DISP "DOWNLOADING MR INSTRUCTION"
1390 CALL Xfer("MR")
1400
1410
1430 ! SET UP CARDS FOR DATA COLLECTION
1440 !...............................................
1450
1460
1470 Selections:DISP "SETUP DATA COLLECTION"
1480 OUTPUT @Multi;"CY,3T"!CYCLE SCAN/PACER CARD TO
SET DEFINITE STATE
1490
1500
1510 ! NOW SET UP THE SCAN CARD PARAMETERS (DEFAULT
! VALUES)
1520 !START CHANNEL (3.0) - 0
1530 !STOP CHANNEL (3.1) - 1
1540 !PACING (3.2) - 40 U5EC
1550 !SEQN'L SCAN (3.3) - XXXX XXXX XXXl ( 1)
1560 !INTN'L PACING (3.3) - XXXX XXXX XlXX ~ 4)
1570 I MSEC TIMEBASE (3.3) - XXXl XXXX XXXX (256)
1580
1590 CALL Get_param
1600 ASSIGN @Messages TO
"messglog:~P8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1610 ASSIGN @Temp trend TO "temp_
trend:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1620 ASSIGN @Hemo_data TO "hemo_
data:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1630 ASSIGN @Io_data TO "io_data:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT
OFF
1640 ASSIGN @Lab_data TO "lab_
data:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1650 ASSIGN @Vent_data TO "vent_
- 83 ~
data:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1660 ASSIGN @Co_data TO "co_data:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT
OFF
1670 ASSIGN @Drug_data TO "drug_
S data:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1680 IF Num_pts=0 THEN GOTO Begin
1690 Read_ptrl=0
1700
1710
1720 ! SET FIFO MODE AND CLEAR POINTERS IN MEMORY
1730
1740
1750 Setup_scan:DISP " NUMBER OF POINTS=";Num_pts
1760 OUTPUT @Multi;"WF,3.0",Start_chan,"3.1",Stop_
chan,"3.3",Pacing_bits,"3.2"
,Pacing_rate,"T"
1770 OUTPUT @Multi;"CC,6T"
1780 OUTPUT @Multi;"WF,5.1,1,T" ! memory set to FIFO
input mode
20 -1790 OUTPUT @Multi;"AC,3,5,6T" ! cards are armed to
supply interrupts
1800 OUTPUT @Multi;"RV,6.0,6.1,6.2,6.3T" ! checking
control registers
1810 ENTER @Read_val;Counters(*)
25 1820 Read_ptrl=0
1830 Read_ptr2=0
1840
1850 I setup the counter card to count
1860
30 1870 Setup_counter:OUTPUT @Multi;"CC,10,11,12,13T"
1880 OUTPUT @Multi;"AC,10,12,13T" !_counter not armed
1890 OUTPUT @Multi;"CY,llT"
1900
1910 I setup the pacer card to generate a clock with
period 32 Usec
1920 ! (one half period is 16 Usec)
~.Z5q39~
- 84 -
1930 ~ (corresponds to 31.25KHz)
1940
1950 Setup_clock:OUTPUT @Multi;"WF10.2,lT"
1960 OUTPUT @Multi;"WF10,16U T"
1970 CALL Completer("setup completed")
1980
1990
2000 I START THE PACERS BY CYCLING IN PARALLEL
2010
2020 OUTPUT @Multi;"GPT"
2030 CALL Init_flags
2040 ENABLE INTR 7;2
2050 OUTPUT @Multi;"CY,3,10T"
2060 OUTPUT @Multi;"GST"
2070 Start_pacing=TIMEDATE
2080 CALL Completer("PACING STARTED")
2090 Block_time=Pacing_rate*1.024
2100 Next time=TIMEDATE+INT(Block time)
2110 First_blk_flg=l
2120 Num_msgs=0
2130 Message_line=0
2140 Msg_dp_request=0
2150 Resp_dpflg=0
2160 Max_hr_pts=1024
2170 Last_time=0
2180 Trend_dp=0
2190 IHemo dp=0
2200 Topl=0
2210 Top2=0
2220 Top3=0
2230 Top4=0
2240 Botl=0
2250 Bot2=0
2260 Bot3=0
2270 Bot4=0
2280
~2S739~
-- ~5 --
2290 Io$(1,1)="Time - hh:mm(hh=l to 24)"
2300 I~$(1,2)="Maint. fluids"
2310 Io$(1,3)="other fluids"
2320 Io$(1,4)="urine output"
2330 Io$(1,5)="chest output"
2340 Io$(2,1)="Time - hh:mm"
2350 Io$(2,2)="Na"
2360 Io$(2,3)="K"
2370 Io$(2,4)="Cl"
10 2380 Io$(2,5)="HCO3"
2390 Io$(2,6)="Ca"
2400 Io$(2,7)="Hct"
2410 Io$(2,8)="Glucose"
2420 Io$(2,9)="Dig level"
15 2430 Io$(2,10)="PT"
2440 Io$(2,11)="PTT"
2450 Io$(2,12)="Creat"
2460 Io$(2,13)="Bun"
2470 Io$(3,1)="Time - hh:mm(hh=l to 24)"
20 2480 Io$(3,2)="Resp rate"
2490 Io$(3,3)="FIO2"
2500 Io$(3,4)="Peak pres"
2510 Io$(3,5)="peep"
2520 Io$(3,6)="TV"
25 2530 Io$(3,7)="I:E"
2540 Io$(3,8~="mean airway"
2550 Io$(3,9)="ph"
2560 Io$(3,11))="pO2"
2570 Io$(3,11)="pC02"
30 2580 Io$(3,12)="HCO3"
2590 Io$(3,13)="BE"
2600 Io$(4,1)="Time - hh:mm(hh=l to 24)"
2610 Io$(4,2)="ao/s"
2620 Io$(4,3)="ao/d"
35 2630 Io$(4,4)="ao/m"
2640 Io$(4,5)="pa/s"
1257395
- 86 -
2650 Io$(4,6)-"pa/d"
2660 Io$(4,7)="pa/m"
2670 Io$(4,8)="la/m"
2680 Io$(4,9)="ra/~"
2690 Io$(4,10)="Time - hh:mm(hh=l to 24)"
2700 Io$(4,11)="C.I."
2710 Io$(4,12)="pvri"
2720 Io$(4,13)="svri"
2730 Io$(5,1)="name"
2740 Io$(5,2)="dosage"
2750 Io$(5,3)="Time - hh:mm:ss(hh=l to 2~)"
2760 Io_ptr=0
2770 Lab_ptr=0
2780 Vent_ptr=0
2790 Pres ptr=0
2800 Heart_ptr=0
2810 Drug_ptr=0
2820 Io_in=0
2830 Lab_in=0
2840 Vent in=0
2850 Pres in=0
2860 Heart in=0
2870 Drug in=0
2880 Fst=l
2890 Fix val=0
2900
2910 I Read data continuously and write to the disk
continuously until enough
2920 ! enough data has been obtained
2930
2940
2950 Reading:
2960
2970 ! set up the A/D buffers and disk files
2980
2990 ASSIGN @Memory_input TO 72305;FORMAT OFF
~X~;73~3S
- 87 -
3000 ASSIGN @In_buffer TO BUFFER Hpib_bufferl(*)
3010 ASSIGN @Out_buffer TO Scr_file$;FORMAT OFF
3020
3030 ! set up the counter memory buffers and files
3040
3050 ASSIGN @Memory_input2 TO 72305;FORMAT OFF
3060 ASSIGN @In_buffer2 TO BUFFER Hpib_buffer2(*~
3070 ASSIGN @Out_buffer2 TO Scr_file2$;FORMAT OFF
3080
3090 Data_lockout=0
3100 1
3110 Time_now=TIMEDATE
3120 Date now$=DATE$(TIMEDATE)
3130 Time_nowl=Time_now MOD 86400
3140 ~
3150 Blk_xfer:!
3160 CONTROL @In_buffer,3;1
! Reset fill pointer for buffer
3170 CONTROL @In_buffer,4;0
! Reset current number of bytes in buffer
3180 CONTROL @In_buffer,5;1 ! Reset empty pointer
for buffer
3190
3200 ! write an B byte sequence to disk as a header for
I the transfer
3210
3220 CALL Xfheader(@Out_buffer,Num_pts,"R")
3230
3240 ! read A/D buffer into memory (hpib_bufferl) in 32
segments
3250 ! if possible
3260
3270 IF FRACT(Num_pts/32.)=0 THEN
3280 Num_rdseg=32
3290 Num_rdpts=Num_pts/32
3300 ELSE
~ ~ 7
- 88 -
3310 Num_rdseg=l
3320 Num_rdpts=Num_pts
3330 END IF
3340
3350 I reading segments here. segmenting allows disk
access between segments
3360
3370 FOR Rdseg=l TO Num_rdseg
3380 OUTPUT @Multi;"MR,5",Num_rdpts,Read_
ptrl,"lT"I FIFO mode
3390 ON EOT @Memory_input GOTO Next_rdseg
3400 TRANSFER @Memory_input TO @In_buffer;COUNT
Num_rdpts*2,CONT
3410 PRINT TABXY(1,18);
15 3420 PRINT USING Image_wtl;Num_xfer-Num_xfer_
left+l,Num_xfer,TIME$(Next_time),
Rdseg,Num_rdseg
3430 Image_wtl:IMAGE "Next xfer(",K,"/",K,"): ",K,"
seg=",K,"/",K
3440 Waiterl:DISP "Now: ";TIME$(TIMEDATE);"
";DATE$(TIMEDATE)
3450 IF Next_time-TIMEDATE<12 THEN
3460 OFF KEY
3470 OFF KBD
25 3480 OFF KNOB
3490 GOTO Waiterl
3500 END IF
3510 ON KEY 0 LABEL Message$(0) GOSUB KeyO
3520 ON KEY 1 LABEL Message$(1) GOSUB Keyl
3530 ON KEY 2 LABEL Message$(2) GOSUB Key2
3540 ON KEY 3 LABEL Message$(3) GOSUB Key3
3550 ON KEY 4 LABEL Message$(4) GOSUB Key4
3560 ON KEY 5 LABEL Message$(5) GOSUB Key5
3570 ON KEY 6 LABEL Message$(6) GOSUB Key6
3580 ON KEY 7 LABEL Message$(7) GOSUB Key7
3590 ON KEY 8 LABEL Message$(8) GOSUB Key8
~5739~;
-- 89 --
3~00 ON KEY 9 LA3EL Message$(9) GOSUB ~ey9
3610 ON K3D GOTO Ccntrol chars
3620 IF Msg dp re~uest=2 THEN
3630 ON RNO~ .05 GOSU~ Move msgs
3640 ELSE
3650 OFF KNOB
3660 END IP
3670 STATUS @In buffer,l0;In xfer stat
3680 IF In xfer stat<64 T~EN GOTO Next rdseg
3690 IF Msg dp reque~t=3 THEN
~700 CALL Msg dump~Messa~e chart~(*),Message_
line,Msg dp request)
3710 ~ND IF
3~20 GOTO ~aiterl
3730 Control chars:!
-
3740 Kbd hold$=KBD$
3741 IF POS(Kbd hold$,CHR$(6))<>0 THEN
l..... ......... .change lfa disp.range
3742 Lfa .op=Lfa top+2.5
3750 IF POS(Kbd hold$,CHR$(5))<>0 THEN
~..... ......... .change spectra disp.freq.range
3760 IP Freq limit=l. T~:EN
3770 Preq limit=2.
3780 ELSE
25 3790 Freq limit=l.
3800 END IF
3810 Resp search=.l
I............. reset resp search point each time
3820 DISP "Spectra displayed to";Freq
limit;"~z"
3830 WAIT 2
38~0 END IF
3850 IF POS(Kbd hold$,CHR$~8))<>0 THE~ !... help:
display commands
35 38O0 C~LL Disp_ctrls
3870 E~D IF
.~ .
lZ57395
-- 90 --
3880 IF POS(Kbd_hold$,CHR$(16))<>0 THEN
!............ change peak search threshold
3890 Pct_thresh=Pct_thresh~.2
3900 IF Pct_thresh>.8 THEN Pct_thresh=.2
5 3910 DISP "resp peak search threshold=";Pct_
thresh;"~"
3920 WAIT 1
3930 END IF
3940 IF POS(Kbd_hold$,CHR$(18))<>0 THEN
!.. display respiration time series
3950 IF Resp_dpflg=0 THEN
3960 Resp_dpflg=l
3970 DISP "resp series plot w/hr series"
3980 WAIT 2
3990 ELSE
4000 Resp_dpflg=0
4010 DISP "cancel resp series plot"
4020 WAIT 2
4030 END IF
4040 END IF
4050 IF POS(Kbd_hold$,CHR$(19))<>0 THEN
l............. change respiration peak search
4060 Resp_search=Resp_search+.l
4070 IF Resp_search>Freq_limit-.l THEN Resp_
search=.l
4080 DISP "resp peak search starts at";Resp_
search;"Hz"
4090 WAIT 1
4100 END IF
30 4110 GOTO Waiterl
4120 Next_rdseg:!
4130 1
4140 ! storing messages from soft keys if any
4150 !
4160 IF Msg_pad_ptr>0 THEN
4170 Num_msgs=Num_msgs+Msg_pad_ptr
-- 91 --
4180 FOR I=0 TO Msg_pad_ptr-l
4190 Msg_ buf fer$=Msg_pad$(I~
4200 Len_message=LEN(Msg_buffer$)
4210 CONTROL @Msg_ buffer,4;Len_
message !......... number of bytes
4220 CONTROL @Msg_buffer,5;1
!.............. ......... empty pointer to beginning
4230 TRANSFER @Msg_buffer TO
@Messages;COUNT Len_message,CONT
4240 NEXT I
4250 IF Msg_ dp_ request>=2 THEN
4260 DEALLOCATE Message_chart$(*)
4270 Msg_dp_request=0
4280 END IF
15 4290 OFF KNOB
4300 Msg_pad_ptr=0
4310 END IF
4320 IF Msg_dp_request=l THEN
4330 Message_line=0
4340 ALLOCATE Message_chart$(17)[640]
4350 CALL Msg_dump(Message_chart$(*),Message_
line,Msg_dp_request)
4360 IF Msg_dp_request=0 THEN
!............... ......... .no messages
yet
4370 DEALLOCATE Message_chart$(*)
4380 END IF
4390 END IF
4400
4410 ! get read pointer for next segment
4420
4430 OUTPUT @Multi;"RV,6.0T"
! checking current read pointer
4440 ENTER @Read_val;Read_ptrl
4450 NEXT Rdseg
4460
73g~;
- 92 -
4470 I store A/D buffer on complete data file (also
save pointers for heart rate)
4480
4490
4500 Resumel:OFF EOT @Memory_input
4510 OFF KEY
4520 OFF KBD
4530 OFF KNOB
4540 IF Msg_dp_request>=2 THEN
4550 DEALLOCATE Message_chart$(*)
4560 Msg dp_request=0
4570 END IF
4580 IF Trend_dp=l OR Trend_dp=2 THEN DEALLOCATE
Spectra(*)
4590 Next_time=Next_time+INT(Block_time)
4600 ON EOT @Out_buffer GOTO Resume2
4610 OUTPUT @Multi;"RV,13.0,13.1,13.2,13.3T"
I checking control registers
4620 ENTER @Read_val;Counters2(*)
4630 Read_ptr2=Counters2(0)
4640 Num_pulses=Counters2(1)
4650 TRANSFER @In_buffer TO @Out_buffer;COUNT Num_
pts*2,CONT
4660 Waiter2:DISP TIME$(TIMEDATE),DATE$(TIMEDATE)
4670 GOTO Waiter2
4680
4690
4700
4710
4720 Resume2:0FF EOT @Out_buffer
4730 Num_xfer_left=Num_xfer_left-l
4740 OUTPUT @Multi;"MR,12",Num_pulses,Read_
ptr2,"1T" I FIFO mode
4750 CONTROL @In_buffer2,3;1
I Reset fill pointer for buffer
4760 CONTROL @In_buffer2,4;0
3~;
- 93 -
! Reset current number of bytes in buffer
4770 CONTROL @In_buffer2,5;1
! Reset empty pointer for buffer
4780
4790 ! write an 8 byte sequence to disk as a header for
I the transfer
4800
4810 C~LL Xfheader(@Out_buffer2,Num_pulses,"H")
48200 4830 ! read multiprogrammer into computer memory (hpib_
buffer)
4840
4850 ON EOT @Memory_input2 GOTO Resume4
4860 TRANSFER @Memory_input2 TO @In_buffer2;COUNT Num_
pulses*2,CONT
4870 Waiter4:DISP TIME$(TIMEDATE),DATE$(TIMEDATE)
4880 GOTO Waiter4
4890
4900 ! store computer memory on complete data file
4910
4920 Resume4:OFF EOT @Memory_input2
4930 ON EOT @Out_buffer2 GOTO Resume5
4940 TRANSFER @In_buffer2 TO @Out_buffer2;~0UNT Num_
pulses*2,CONT
4950 Waiter5:DISP TIME$(TIMEDATE),DATE$(TIMEDATE)
4960 GOTO Waiter5
4970
4980 Resume5:0FF EOT @Out_buffer2
4990 CALL Hr_sig_gen(Hpib_buffer2(*),Hr_signal(*))
5000
50~0
5020 Resume6:!
5030 OUTPUT @Multi;"RV,6.0,6.1,6.2,6.3T"
! checking control registers
~2~i7395
-- 94 --
5040 ENTER @Read_val;Counters(*)
5050 Read_ptrl=Counters(0)
5060 IF Counters(l)=4095 THEN ! Data lockout probably
occurred
5070 PRINT "DATA LOCKOUTII TIME RECORD
NOT CONTINUOUS!!"
5080 PRINT "ABORTING CURRENT DATA COLLECTION."
5090 Data_lockout=l
5100 Num_xfer_left=0
10 5110 END IF
5120 OUTPUT 2;CHR$(255)&CHR$(75);
I Clear CRT of text
5130 GINIT
5140 PLOTTER IS 3,"INTERNAL"
15 5150 GRAPHICS ON
5160 Xscale=8
5170 Hr_max=MAX(Hr signal(*))
5180 Hr_min=MIN(Hr_signal(*))
5190 VIEWPORT 0,64,50,100
20 5200 WINDOW 0,1,0,1
5210 AXES .1,.1,0,0
5220 CSIZE 4
5230 Hr_signal(1024)=0
5240 Hr_sigsum=SUM(Hr_signal)
25 5250 Mean_hr=INT((Hr_sigsum/1024+Avg_hr))
5260 Hr_bias=Hr_sigsum/1024
5270 LDIR 0
5280 LORG 3
5290 MOVE .2,.9
30 5300 LABEL "HR data hr=";Mean_hr
5310 CSIZE 4
5320 MOVE .05,1
5330 LORG 3
5340 LABEL "250 bpm"
35 5350 WINDOW 1,0,1,0
5360 AXES 0,0,0,0
~Z~739~;
- 95 -
5370 IF Hr_dispflg=l THEN
5380 WINDOW 0,1024,Hr_min,Hr_max
5390 ELSE
5400 Low window=INT(-Avg_hr)
5410 High_window=Low_window+250.
5420 WINDOW 0,1024,Low_window,High_window
5430 END IF
5440 FOR I=0 TO 1023
5450 PLOT I,Hr signaltI)
5460 NEXT I
5470
5480 ! display respirations time series also
5490
5500 IF Resp dpflg=l THEN
15 5510 Max_resp=MAX(Hpib_bufferl(*))
5520 Min_resp=MIN(Hpib_bufferl(*))
5530 IF Mean_hr>100 THEN
5540 VIEWPORT 0,64,50,65
5550 ELSE
5560 VIEWPORT 0,64,75,90
5570 END IF
5580 WINDOW 0,1023,Min_resp,Max resp
5590 MOVE 0,Hpib bufferl(0)
5600 FOR I=l TO 1023
25 5610 PLOT I,Hpib_bufferl(I)
5620 NEXT I
5630 ELSE
5640 Resp_dpflg=0
5650 END IF
5660
5670 ! now process heart rate data with waveform
analysis package
5680 I make sure the hr_signal has zero mean
5690
5700 FOR I=0 TO 1023
5710 Signal(I)=Hr_signal(I)-Hr_bias
~L~57~95
- 96 -
5720 NEXT I
5730 Plotbox=2
5740 DISP "HR ~ft in process"
5750 CALL Wf_analyzer(Pacing_rate)
5760
5770 ! now process respiration data with waveform
analysis package
5780
5790 MAT Signal= (0)
5800 FOR I=0 TO 1023
5810 Signal(I)=Hpib_bufferl(I)
5820 NEXT I
5830 Signal_avg=SUM(Signal)/1024.
5840 MAT Signal= Signal-(Signal_avg)
5850 Plotbox=4
5860 DISP 1I RESP fft in process"
5870 CALL Wf_analyzer(Pacing_rate)
5880 Trend_dp=0 !..trend graph not displayed
58900 5900 ! waveform analysis completed, compile trends and
store in temporary file
5910
5920 Mean_hr_t(T_ptr)=Mean_hr
5930 Lfa_t(T_ptr)=Lfa
5940 Rfa_t(T_ptr)=Rfa
5950 Ratio_t(T_ptr)=Peakratio
5960 Meas_resp_t(T_ptr)=Meas_resp
5961 Trans_time(T_ptr)=Xfer time
5970 T_ptr=T_ptr+l
5980 OUTPUT @Temp_trend;T_ptr-l,Mean_
hr,Lfa,Rfa,Peakratio,Meas_resp,Xfer_time
5990 IF Pres_in=l THEN
6000 Pr=Pres_ptr-l
~010 OUTPUT @Hemo_data;Pres_time~(Pr),Ao_s(Pr),Ao_
d(Pr),Ao_m(Pr),Pa_s(Pr),
Pa_d(Pr),Pa_mlPr),La_m(Pr),Ra_m(Pr),Pr
- 97 -
6020 Pres_in=0
6030 END IF
6040 IF Io_in=l THEN
6050 Io=Io_ptr-l
5 6060 OUTPUT @Io_data;Io_time$(Io),Iv_
intake(Io),Fluid_in(Io),In_tot(Io),Ur
ine(Io),Chest(Io),Out_tot(Io),Net( Io), Io
6070 Io_in=0
6080 END IF
6090 IF Lab_in=l THEN
6100 L=Lab_ptr-l
6110 OUTPUT @Lab_data;Lab_
time$(L),Na(L),Kl(L),Cl(L),Hco3(L),Ca(L),Hct(L),
Gluc(L),Dig(L),Pt(L),Ptt(L),Creat(L),Bun(L),L
6120 Lab_in=0
6130 END IF
6140 IF Heart_in=l THEN
6150 H=Heart_ptr-l
6160 OUTPUT @Co_data;Heart_
time$(H),Ci(H),Pvri(H),Svri(H),H
6170 Heart_in=0
6180 END IF
6190 IF Vent_in=l THEN
6200 V=Vent_ptr-l
25 6210 OUTPUT @Vent_data;Vent_
time$(V),Rate(V),Fio2(V),Pp(V),Peep(V),Tv(V),
Ie_ratio$(V),Airp(V),Ph(V),Po2(Y),Pco2(V),
Bgo3(V),Be(V),V
6220 Vent_in=0
6230 END IF
6240 IF Drug_in=l THEN
6250 D=Drug_ptr-l
6260 OUTPUT @Drug_data;Drug_time$(D),Drug_
name$(D),Drug_dos$(D),D
6270 Drug_in=0
6280 END IF
.,'2S7395
-- 98 --
6290
6300 ! continue with data collection
6310
6320 IF Num xfer_left<=0 THEN
6330 Halt pg=l
6340 GOTO Eo_blk xfer
6350 ELSE
6360 DISP Num xfer left;"transfers remaining"
6370 WAIT 3
6380 GOTO Blk_xfer
6390 END IF
6400 Eo blk xfer:End time=TIMEDATE
6410 Delta_time=End_time-Start_time
6420
6430 OUTPUT @Multi;"WF,3.2,OT"
6440 Stop pacing=TIMEDATE
6450 !
6460 Aborter:!
6470 ASSIGN @In buffer TO *
6480 ASSIGN @In_buffer2 TO *
6490 ASSIGN @Out buffer TO *
6500 ASSIGN @Out_buffer2 TO *
6510 ASSIGN @Messages TO *
6520 ASSIGN @Temp_trend TO *
6530 ASSIGN @Hemo_data TO *
6540 ASSIGN @Io_data TO *
6550 ASSIGN @Lab_data TO *
6560 ASSIGN @Vent_data TO *
6570 ASSIGN @Co_data TO *
- 30 6580 ASSIGN @Drug_data TO *
6590 OUTPUT @Multi;"CC,3,5,6,10,11,12,13T"
6600 OUTPUT @Multi;"CC,5T"
6610 CALL Completer("READY TO RESTART")
6620 CALL Pauser
6630 GRAPHICS OFF
6640 CALL Get_param
~:257395
_ 99
6650 ASSIGN @Messages TO
"messglog: HP8 290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
6660 IF Num_pts=0 THEN GOTO Begin
6670 GOTO Setup_scan
6680 Diag:OUTPUT 723;"RV,3.0,3.3T"
6690 ENTER 72306;C,C0
6700 PRINT "CURRENT/START CHANNEL";C,C0
6710 OUTPUT 723;"RV,6.0,6.1,6.2,6.3T"
! checking control registers
6720 ENTER 72306;Counters(*)
6730 PRINT "COUNTERS=";Counters(*)
6740 STOP
6750 Purger:!
6760 GRAPHICS OFF
6770 DELSUB Hpib_intr TO END
6780 PURGE "AOK:HP8290X,700,1"
6790 PURGE "hrAOK:HP8290X,700,1"
6800 PURGE "messglog:HP8290X,700,1"
6810 PURGE "temp trend:HP8290X,700,1"
6820 PURGE "hemo_data:HP8290X,700,1"
6830 PURGE "co_data:HP8290X,700,1"
6840 PURGE "vent_data:HP8290X,700,1"
6850 PURGE "lab_data:HP8290X,700,1"
6860 PURGE "drug_data:HP8290X,700,1"
6870 PURGE "io_data:HP8290X,700,1"
6871 PURGE "sub data:HP8290X,700,1"
6880 STOP
6890 !
6900 ! definitions for keys
6910 !
6920 Move msgs:l knob is processed here
6930 IF Msg_dp_request<>2 THEN RETURN
6940 Message_line=Message_line+KNOBX
6950 IF Message_line>Num_msgs-3 THEN Message_line=Num_
msgs-3
6960 IF Message_line<0 THEN Message_line=0
~ZS739~
-- 100 -
6970 Msg_dp_request=3
6980 RETURN
6990
7000
7010 KeyO:Xey_id=0
7020 Edit_msg$=""
7030 CALL Editor
7040 Key_msg:Msg_pad$(Msg_pad
ptr)="Time:"&TIME$(TIMEDATE)&" "&Edit_msg$
7050 Msg_pad_ptr=Msg_pad_ptr+l
7060 DISP "only";10-Msg_pad_ptr;"more messages during
this segment"
7070 PRINT TABXY(1,18);"
..
7080 PRINT TABXY(1,18);Edit_msg$
7090 WAIT 3
7100 PRINT TABXY~1,18);"
..
7110 PRINT TABXY(1,18);"Next transfer: ";TIME$(Next_
time)
7120 GOTO Keyend
7130
7140
7150
7160 Keyl:Chart_num=l
l...input/output charting
7170 IF Next time-TIMEDATE<45 THEN
7180 DISP "not enough time to enter data; wait for
next xfer"
7190 WAIT 2
7200 GOTO Keyend
7210 END IF
7220 GRAPHIC8 OFF
7230 PRINT CHR$(12)
7240 Num_var=5
7250 IF Io_in=l THEN
~Z573gS
-- 101 --
7260 D~SP "data in for this xfer; chart displayed"
7270 WAIT 2
7280 Io_ptr=Io_ptr-l
7290 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
5 7300 Io_ptr=Io_ptr+l
7310 GOTO Keyend
7320 ELSE
7330 INP'JT "Input values=l or display
chart=27",Inp
10 7340 IF Inp=l THEN
7350 IF Io_ptr>5 THEN
7360 DISP "Do not enter more I/O data;
disc full"
7370 WAIT 3
15 7380 GOTO Keyend
7390 ELSE
7400 GOTO I_o
7410 END IF
7420 ELSE
20 7430 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
7440 GOTO Keyend
7450 END IF
7460 END IF
7470 Datal:l
7480 Io_time$(Io_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,l)
7490 Iv_intake(Io_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,2))
7500 IF Iv_intake(Io_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
7510 Ionum=2
7520 Fix_val=l
7530 GOTO Data_edit
7540 END IF
7550 Fluid_in(Io_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,3))
7560 IF Fluid_in(Io_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
7570 Ionum=3
7580 Fix_val=l
7590 GOTO Data_edit
~ 257~5
-- 102 --
7600 END IF
7610 Urine(Io_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,4))
7620 IF Urine(Io_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
7630 Ionum=4
7640 Fix_val=l
7650 GOTO Data_edit
7660 END IF
7670 Chest(Io_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,5))
7680 IF Chest(Io_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
7690 Ionum=5
7700 Fix_val=l
7710 GOTO Data_edit
7720 END IF
7730 In_tot(Io_ptr)=Iv_intake(Io_ptr)~Fluid_in(Io_ptr)
7740 Out_tot(Io_ptr)=Urine(Io_ptr)+Chest(Io_ptr)
7750 Net(Io_ptr)=In tot(Io_ptr)-Out_tot(Io_ptr)
7760 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
7770 Io_ptr=Io_ptr+l
7780 Io_in=l
7790 Fix_val=0
7800 GOTO Keyend
7810
7820
7830 Key2:Chart_num=2
!.. ventilation charting
7840 GRAPHICS OFF
7850 PRINT CHR~(12)
7860 IF Next_time-TIMEDATE<45 THEN
7870 DISP "not enough time to enter data; wait for
next xfer"
7880 WAIT 2
7890 GOTO Keyend
7900 END IF
7910 Num_var=13
7920 IF Lab_in=l THEN
7930 DISP "data in for this xfer; chart displayed"
125739S
- 103 -
7940 WAIT 2
7950 Lab_ptr=Lab_ptr-l
7960 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
7970 Lab_ptr=Lab_ptr+l
5 7980 GOTO Keyend
7990 ELSE
8000 INPUT "Input values=l or display
chart=2?",Inp
8010 IF Inp=l THEN
8020 IF Lab_ptr>7 THEN
8030 DISP "Do not enter more Lab data;
disc full"
8040 WAIT 3
8050 GOTO Keyend
8060 ELSE
8070 GOTO I_o
80.80 END IF
8090 ELSE
8100 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
20 8110 GOTO Keyend
8120 END IF
8130 END IF
8140 Data2:!
8150 Lab_time$(Lab_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,l)
8160 Na(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,2))
8170 IF Na(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8180 Ionum=2
8190 Fix_val=l
8200 GOTO Data_edit
8210 END IF
8220 Kl(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,3))
8230 IF Kl(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8240 Ionum=3
8250 Fix_val=l
8260 GOTO Data_edit
8270 END IF
~IL2S7395
- 104 -
8280 CltLab_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,4))
8290 IF Cl(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 T~EN
8300 Ionum=4
8310 Fix_val=l
8320 GOTO Data_edit
8330 END IF
8340 Hco3tLab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,5))
8350 IF Hco3(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8360 Ionum=S
8370 Fix_val=l
8380 GOTO Data_edit
8390 END IF
8400 Ca(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,6))
8410 IF Ca(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8420 Ionum=6
8430 Fix_val=l
8440 GOTO Data_edit
8450 END IF
8460 Hct(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,7))
8470 IF Hct(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8480 Ionum=7
8490 Fix_val=l
8500 GOTO Data edit
8510 END IF
8520 Gluc(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,8))
8530 IF Gluc(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8540 Ionum=8
8550 Fix_val=l
8560 GOTO Data_edit
8570 END IF
8580 Dig(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,9))
8590 IF Dig(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8600 Ionum=9
8610 Fix_val=l
8620 GOTO Data edit
8630 END IF
1~:57395
~ 105 -
8640 Pt(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,10))
8650 IF Pt(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8660 Ionum=10
8670 Fix_val=l
8680 GOTO Data_edit
8690 END IF
8700 Ptt(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,ll))
8710 IF Ptt(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8720 Ionum=ll
8730 Fix_val=l
8740 GOTO Data_edit
8750 END IF
8760 Creat(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,12))
8770 IF Creat(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8780 Ionum=12
8790 Fix_val=l
8800 GOTO Data_edit
8810 END IF
8820 Bun(Lab_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,13))
8830 IF Bun(Lab_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
8840 Ionum=13
8850 Fix_val=l
8860 GOTO Data_edit
8870 END IF
8880 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
8890 Lab_ptr=Lab ptr+l
8900 Lab_in=l
8910 Fix val=0
8920 GOTO Keyend
8930
8940
8950 Key3:Chart_num=4
I...hemodynamic graphics
8960 IF Next_time-TIMEDATE<45 THEN
8970 DISP "not enough time to enter data; wait for
next xfer"
~.Z~;q395
- 106 -
8980 WAIT 2
8990 GOTO Keyend
9000 END IF
9010 GRAPHICS OFF
9020 PRINT CHR$(12)
9030 INPUT "Blood pressures(1) or cardiac
indices(2)?",Bp
9040 IF Bp=l THEN
9050 Num_var=9
9060 ELSE
9070 Fst=10
9080 Num_var=13
9090 END IF
9100 IF Pres in=l AND Bp=l THEN
9110 DISP "data in for this xfer; chart displayed"
9120 WAIT 2
9130 Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr-l
20 9140 IF Heart_in=l THEN Heart_ptr=Heart_ptr-l
9150 CALL Chart(Chart num)
9160 IF Heart_in=l THEN Heart_ptr=Heart_ptr+1
9170 Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr+l
9180 GOTO Keyend
9190 ELSE
9200 IF Heart_in=l AND Bp=2 THEN
9210 DISP "data in for this xfer; chart
displayed"
9220 WAIT 2
30 9230 IF Pres_in=l THEN Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr-l
9240 Heart_ptr=Heart_ptr-l
9250 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
9260 Heart_ptr=Heart_ptr+l
9270 IF Pres_in=l THEN Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr-l~
35 9280 GOTO Keyend
9290 ELSE
3L25~39~i
-- 107 --
9300 INPUT "Input values=l or display
chart=2?",Inp
9310 IF Inp=l THEN
9320 IF Bp=l AND Pres_ptr>17 THEN
5 9330 DISP "Do not enter more Pressure
data; disc full"
9340 WAIT 3
9350 GOTO Keyend
9360 ELSE
9370 GOTO I_o
9380 END IF
9390 ELSE
9400 IF Heart_in=l THEN Heart_ptr=Heart
ptr-l
15 9410 IF Pres_in=l THEN Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr-l
9420 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
9430 IF Heart_in=l THEN Heart_ptr=Heart_
ptr+l
9440 IF Pres_in=l THEN Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr+l
20 9450 GOTO Keyend
9460 END IF
9470 END IF
9480 END IF
9490 Data4:l
9500 IF Bp=l THEN
9510 Pres_time$(Pres_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,l)
9520 Ao_s(Pres_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,2))
9530 IF Ao_s(Pres_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9540 Ionum=2
30 9550 Fix_val=l
9560 GOTO Data_edit
9570 END IF
9580 Ao_dlPres_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,3))
9590 IF Ao_d(Pres_ptr~=9999.999 THEN
9600 Ionum=3
9610 Fix_val=l
~ 257395
- 108
9620 GOTO Data_edit
9630 END IF
9640 Ao_m(Pres_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,4))
9650 IF Ao_m(Pres_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9660 Ionum=4
9670 Fix_val=l
9680 GOTO Data edit
9690 END IF
9700 Pa s(Pres ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,5))
9710 IF Pa_s(Pres_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9720 Ionum=5
9730 Fix_val=l
9740 GOTO Data_edit
9750 END IF
9760 Pa_d(Pres_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,6))
9770 IF Pa d(Pres_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9780 Ionum=6
9790 Fix_val=l
9800 GOTO Data_edit
9810 END IF
9820 Pa m(Pres_ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart_num,7))
9830 IF Pa m(Pres ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9840 Ionum=7
9850 Fix val=l
25 9860 GOTO Data edit
9870 END IF
9880 La m(Pres ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart num,8))
9890 IF La_m(Pres ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9900 Ionum=8
30 9910 Fix val=l
9920 GOTO Data edit
9930 END IF
9940 Ra m(Pres ptr)=FNLval(Io msg$(Chart num,9))
9950 IF Ra m(Pres ptr)=9999.999 THEN
9960 Ionum=9
9970 Fix val=l
~2~7395
-- 109 --
9980 GOTO Data_edit
9990 END IF
10000 IF Heart_in=l THEN Heart_ptr=Heart ptr-l
10010 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
5 10020 IF Heart_in=l THEN Heart_ptr=Heart_ptr+l
10030 Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr+l
10040 Pres_in=l
10050 Fix_val=0
10060 GOTO Keyend
10070 ELSE
10080 Heart_time$(Heart_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,10)
10090 Ci(Heart_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,ll))
10100 IF Ci(Heart_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
10110 Ionum=ll
15 10~20 Fix_val=l
10130 GOTO Data_edit
10140 END IF
10150 Pvri(Heart_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,12))
10160 IF Pvri(Heart_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
. 20 10170 Ionum=12
10180 Fix_val=l
10190 GOTO Data_edit
10200 END IF
10210 Svri(Heart_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,13))
10220 IF Svri(Heart_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
10230 Ionum=13
10240 - Fix_val=l
10250 GOTO Data_edit
10260 END IF
10270 IF Pres_in=l THEN Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr-l
10280 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
10290 IF Pres_in=l THEN Pres_ptr=Pres_ptr+l
10300 Heart_ptr=Heart_ptr+l
10310 Heart_in=l
10320 Fst=l
10330 Fix_val=0
~25~739~;
-- 110 --
10340 END IF
10350 GOTO Keyend
10360
10370
10380 Key4:Key_id=4
10390 IF Trend_dp=0 THEN
10400 ALLOCATE INTEGER Spectra(7499)
10410 GSTORE Spectra(*)
10420 Trend_dp=2
10430 Topl=200
10440 Top2=2.5
10450 Bot2=-2.5
10460 Top3=10
10470 Top4=10
10480 CALL Trend_graph
10490 ELSE
10500 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
10510 GRAPHICS ON
10520 GLOAD Spectra(*)
10530 DEALLOCATE Spectra(*)
10540 CALL Offgraph
10550 Trend_dp=0
10560 ELSE
10570 Trend_dp=2
10580 Topl=200
10590 Top2=2.5
10600 Bot2=-2.5
10610 Top3=10
10620 Top4=10
10630 CALL Trend_graph
10640 END IF
10650 END IF
10660 GOTO Xeyend
10670
10680
10690 Key5:Key_id=5
~257395
-- 111 --
!...display message file
10700 IF Msg dp request<2 T~EN
10710 DISP "messages will be recalled soon"
10720 Msg dp_request=l
10730 WAIT 1
10740 ELSE
10750 Msg_dp_request=3
10760 END IF
10770 GOTO Keyend
10780
10790
10800 Key6:Key_id=6 !.. premature program
termination
10810 DISP "To halt program hit KEY 6 again (within 10
sec)"
10820 ON TIME (TIMEDATE+10) MOD 86400,4 GOTO Keyend
10830 ON KEY 6,3 GOTO Halter
10840 Cancel_wait:GOTO Cancel_wait
10850 Halter:Num_xfer_left=l
10860 Halt_pg=l
10870 GOTO Key_msg
10880
10890
10900 Key7:C~art num=3
10910 IF Next time-TIMEDATE<45 THEN
10920 DISP "not enough time to enter data; wait for
next xfer"
10930 WAIT 2
10940 GOTO Keyend
10950 END IF
10960 GRAPHICS OFF
10970 PRINT CHR$(12)
10980 Num var=13
10990 IF Vent in=l THEN
11000 DISP "data in for this xfer; chart displayed"
11010 WAIT 2
~257395
- 112 -
11020 Vent_ptr=Vent_ptr-l
11030 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
11040 Vent_ptr=Vent_ptr+l
11050 COTO Keyend
11060 ELSE
11070 INPUT "Input values=l or display
chart=2?",Inp
11080 IF Inp=l THEN
11090 IF Vent_ptr>7 THEN
11100 DISP "Do not enter more Vent data;
disc full"
11110 WAIT 3
11120 GOTO Keyend
11130 ELSE
11140 GOTO I_o
11150 END IF
11160 ELSE
11170 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
11180 GOTO Keyend
11190 END IF
11200 END IF
11210 Data3:!
11220 Vent_time$(Vent_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,l~
11230 Rate(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,2))
11240 IF Rate(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11250 Ionum=2
11260 Fix_val=l
11270 GOTO Data_edit
11280 END IF
11290 Fio2(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg~(Chart_num,3))
11300 IF Fio2(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11310 Ionum=3
11320 Fix_val=l
11330 GOTO Data_edit
11340 END IF
11350 Pp(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,4))
~.2~;~395
- 113 -
11360 IF Pp(Vent ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11370 Ionum=4
11380 Fix val=l
11390 GOTO Data edit
11400 END IF
11410 Peep(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,5))
11420 IF Peep(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11430 Ionum=5
11440 Fix val=l
11450 GOTO Data_edit
11460 END IF
11470 Tv(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,6))
11480 IF Tv(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11490 Ionum=6
11500 Fix_val=l
11510 GOTO Data_edit
11520 END IF
11530 Ie_ratio$(Vent_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,7)
11540 Airp(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,8))
11550 IF Airp(Vent ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11560 Ionum=8
11570 Fix val=l
11580 GOTO Data edit
11590 END IF
11600 Ph(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,9))
11610 IF Ph(Vent ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11620 Ionum=9
11630 Fix val=l
11640 GOTO Data edit
11650 END IF
11660 Po2(Vent ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart num,l0))
11670 IF Po2(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11680 Ionum=10
11690 Fix val=l
11700 GOTO Data edit
11710 END IF
~2573~5
- 114 -
11720 Pco2(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,ll))
11730 IF Pco2(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11740 Ionum=ll
11750 Fix_val=l
5 11760 GOTO Data_edit
11770 END IF
11780 Bgo3(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,12))
11790 IF Bgo3(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11800 Ionum=12
11810 Fix_val=l
11820 GOTO Data_edit
11830 END IF
11840 Be(Vent_ptr)=FNLval(Io_msg$(Chart_num,13))
11850 IF Be(Vent_ptr)=9999.999 THEN
11860 Ionum=13
11870 Fix_val=l
11880 GOTO Data_edit
11890 END IF
11900 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
11910 Vent_ptr=Vent_ptr+l
11920 Vent_in=l
11930 Fix val=0
11940 GOTO Keyend
11950 ~
11960 1
11970 Key8:Chart_num=5
11980 IF Next_time-TIMEDATE<45 THEN
11990 DISP "not enough time to enter data; wait for
next xfer"
12000 WAIT 2
12010 GOTO Keyend
12020 END IF
12030 GRAPHICS OFF
12040 PRINT CHR$(12)
12050 Num_var=3
12060 IF Dcug_in=l THEN
~2~73g~
- 115 -
12070 DISP "data in for this xfer; chart displayed"
12080 WAIT 2
12090 Drug_ptr=Drug_ptr-l
12100 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
5 12110 Drug_ptr=Drug_ptr+l
12120 GOTO Keyend
12130 ELSE
12140 INPUT "Input values=l or display
chart=2?",Inp
12150 IF Inp=l THEN
12160 IF Drug_ptr>38 THEN
12170 DISP "Do not enter more Drug data;
disc full"
12180 WAIT 3
12190 GOTO Keyend
12200 ELSE
12210 GOTO I_o
12220 END IF
12230 ELSE
12240 CALL Chart(Chart num)
12250 GOTO Keyend
12260 END IF
12270 END IF
12280 Data5:!
12290 Drug_time$(Drug ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart num,3)
12300 Drug_name$(Drug_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,l)
12310 Drug_dos$(Drug_ptr)=Io_msg$(Chart_num,2)
12320 CALL Chart(Chart_num)
12330 Drug_ptr=Drug_ptr+l
12340 Drug_in=l
12350 GOTO Keyend
12360
12370
12380 Key9:Key_id=9
12390 Bp_graph: !
12400 IF Next_time-TIMEDATE<12 THEN GOTO Waiterl
,
~25739~
- 116 -
12410 IF Trend dp=0 THEN
12420 Trend_dp=l
12430 Topl=150
12440 Top2=75
1245Q Bot2=0
12460 Top3=50
12470 Top4=50
12480 ALLOCATE INTEGER Spectra(7499)
12490 GSTORE Spectra(*)
12500 CALL Trend_graph
12510 ELSE
12520 IF Trend dp=l THEN
12530 GRAPHICS ON
12540 GLOAD Spectra(*)
12550 DEALLOCATE Spectra(*)
12560 CALL Offgraph
12570 Trend_dp=0
12580 ELSE
12590 Trend_dp=l
12600 Topl=150
12610 Top2=75
12620 Bot2=0
12630 Top3=50
12640 Top4=50
12650 CALL Trend_graph
12660 END IF
12670 END IF
12680 GOTO Keyend
12690
12700
12710 I_o:!
12720 IF TIMEDATE>Next_time-20 THEN
12730 DISP "not enough time to enter data; wait for
next xfer"
12740 WAIT 2
12750 GOTO Keyend
1~573g~;
- 117 -
12760 END IF
12770 PRINT TABXY(l,l);"enter values"
12780 FOR I=Fst TO Num_var
12790 PRINT TABXY(1,17);" "
12800 PRINT TABXY(1,17);Io$(Chart_num,I)
12810 Edit_msg$=""
12820 C~LL Editor
12830 Io_msg$(Chart_num,I3=Edit_msg$
12840 PRINT TABXY(l,I+2);Io$(Chart_num,I);"=";Io_
msg$(Chart_num,I)
12850 NEXT I
12860 PRINT TABXY(1,17);" "
12870 PRINT TABXY(1,18);" "
12880!
12890!.... editting the data
12900!
12910 Io_fix:DISP "Do you want to edit I/O
values? (Y/N)"
12920 ENTER 2;Ans$
12930 DISP " "
12940 IF Ans$="Y" OR Ans$="y" THEN
12950 IF TIMEDATE>Next_time-15 THEN
12960 DISP "not enough time; data not stored;
retry next xfer"
12970 GOTO Keyend
12980 END IF
12990 ON Chart num GOTO Value,Lab,Vent,Pres,Drug
13000 Value:DISP "which value? l=time, 2=maint. fluid,
3=other fluids, 4=urine, 5=chest"
13010 ENTER 2;Ionum
13020 IF Ionum<l OR Ionum>5 THEN GOTO Value
13030 GOTO Data_edit
13040 Lab: DISP "which value?
l=time,2=Na,3=K,4=Cl,5=HCO3,6=Ca,7=Hct,8=Gluc,9=Di
g,l0=PT,ll=PTT,12=Creat,13=Bun"
13050 ENTER 2;Ionum
;q39~;
- 118 -
13060 IF Ionum<l OR Ionum>13 THEN GOTO Lab
13070 GOTO Data_edit
13080 Vent:PRINT TABXY(1,17);"which value?
l=time,2=rate,3=FIO2,4=PP,5=peep,6=TV,
7=I:E,8=airway"
13090 PRINT TABXY(1,18);
"9=ph,10=pO2,11=pCO2,12=HCO3,13=Be"
13100 ENTER 2;Ionum
13110 IF Ionum<l OR Ionum>13 THEN GOTO Vent
13120 GOTO Data edit
13130 Pres:IF Bp=l THEN
13140 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"which value? l=pres
time,2=ao/s,3=ao/d,4=ao/m,
5=pa/s,6=pa/d,7=pa/m,8=la,9=ra"
13150 ELSE
131~0 PRINT TABXY(1,18);"which value? 10=heart
time,ll=c.i.,12=pvri,13=svri"
13170 END IF
13180 ENTER 2;Ionum
13190 IF Ionum<l OR Ionum>13 THEN GOTO Pres
13200 GOTO Data edit
13210 Drug:DISP "which value? l=name,2=dosage,3=time"
13220 ENTER 2;Ionum
13230 IF Ionum<l OR Ionum>10 THEN GOTO Drug
13240 GOTO Data edit
13250 Data edit:!
13260 IF TIMEDATE>Next time-15 THEN
13270 DISP "not enough time; data not stored;
retry next xfer"
13280 WAIT 2
13290 GOTO Keyend
13300 END IF
13310 C num=Chart num
13320 R_num=2
13330 IF Fix_val=l THEN
13340 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"Error on input; enter
-- 119 --
~alue again"
13350 PRINT TABXY(1,18);Io$(C_num,Ionum)
13360 END IF
13370 PRINT TABXY(1,18);Io_msg$(C_num,Ionum)
5 13380 Edit_msg$=Io msg$(C_num,Ionum)
13390 CALL Editor
13400 Io msg~(C_num,Ionum)=Edit_msg$
13410 PRINT TABXY(l,Ionum+R_num);" "
13420 PRINT TABXY(l,Ionum+R_num);Io$(C_
num,Ionum);"=";Edit_msg$
13430 PRINT TABXY(1,17);" "
13440 PRINT TABXY(1,18);" "
13460 GOTO Io_fix
13470 ELSE
13480 ON Chart_num GOTO
Datal,Data2,Data3,Data4,Data5
13490 END IF
13500 Keyend:OFF TIME
13510 OFF KBD
13520 RETURN
13530 END
13540
13550
13560
13570
13580
13590 SUB Pauser
13600 DISP "press CONTINUE to continue"
13610 PAUSE
13620 DISP
13630 SUBEND
13640
13650
13660
13670
13680
, .,
12573g5
- 120
13690 SUB Get_param
13700 COM /Multi param/ Start_chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,~um_pt
s,Num_xfer,Num_x~er_left,Name_len,Scr_
file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
13710 COM /Messagecom/ Message$(10)[80],@Messages
13720 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_t(*),Rfa_
t(*),Ratio_t(*),T_ptr,Time_now
l,Meas_resp_t(*),Trend_dp
13730 COM /Vitaldata/ Rfa,Lfa,Peakratio,Meas_
resp,Next_time
13740 COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
13750 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres_time$(*),Ao_s(*),Ao_
d(*),Ao_m(*),Pa_s(*),Pa_d(*
),Pa_m(*),La_m(*),Ra_m(*),Pres_ptr,Pres_in
13760 COM /Subject/ Sub_name$[25],Hos_num$[15],Id_
age$[10],Id_wt$[10],Id_ht
$[10],Diag$[30],Opera$[45],Halt_pg
13770 COM /Io_chart/ Io_time$(*),Iv_intake(*),Fluid_
in(*),In_tot(*),Urine(*
),Chest(*),Out_tot(*),Net(*),Io_ptr
13780 COM /Lab_chart/ Lab_
time$(*),Na(*),Kl(*),Cl(*),Hco3(*),
Ca(*),Hct(*),Gluc(*),Dig(*),Pt(*),
Ptt(*),Creat(*),Bun(*),Lab_ptr
13790 COM /Vent_chart/ Vent_
time~(*),Rate(*),Fio2(*),Pp(*),Peep(*),Tv(*),Ie
ratio$(*),Airp(*),Ph(*),Po2(*),Pco2(*),
Bgo3(*),Be(*),Vent_ptr
13800 COM /Heart_index/ Heart_
time$(*),Ci(*),Pvri(*),Svri(*),Heart_ptr
13810 COM /Drugs/ Drug_time$(*),Drug_name$(*),Drug_
dos$(*),Drug_ptr
13820 DIM Mo$[24]
~25~
- 121 -
13830 Mo$="JAFBMRAPMYJNJLAUSPOCNODC"
13840 ! INTEGER Id_buffer(255) BUFFER
13850 Disk_name$=":HP8290X,700,1"
13860 IF Halt_pg=l THEN GOTO Purger_get!..... quit
program
13870 !
13880 ! change soft key messages
13890 1
13900 Oldmsg:PRINT CHR$(12)
13910 PRINT "These are the current soft key
messages:"
13920 FOR I=0 TO 9
13930 PRINT "KEY";I;":";Message$(I)
13940 NEXT I
14100 DISP "Press cont when ready to continue"
14110 PAUSE
14120~
14130 INPUT "Enter subject name, 10 chars (Doe if
unknown)",Sub name$
14140 Sub_name$=Sub_name$[1,10]
14150 INPUT "Enter hospital number, 8 chars (00 if
unknown):",Hos num$
- 14160 Hos num$=Hos num$[1,8]
14170 INPUT "Enter subject age(00 if unknown):",Id_
age$
14180 INPUT "Enter subject weight,kg (00 if
unknown):",Id_wt$
14190 INPUT "Enter subject height,cm (00 if
unknown):",Id_ht$
14200 INPUT "Enter diagnosis, 10 chars (Unk if
unknown):",Diag$
14210 Diag$=Diag$[1,10]
14220 INPUT "Enter operation, 15 chars (Unk if
unknown):",Opera$
14230 Opera$=Opera$[1,15]
14240!
:125~;~9~
- 122 -
14250 Ch_sel:!
14260 Start_chan=0
14270 Stop_chan=0
14280 !
14290 Pacing bits=0
14300 Pacing_sel:!
14310 Base$="M"
14320 Pacing_bits=261
14330 1
14340 Base$=Base$&"SEC"
14350 !
14360 !
14370 ! FINDOUT BLOCKSIZE FOR DATA TRANSFER
14380 !
14390 Num_xfer=55
14400!
14410! since new data is to be taken, zero the trend
graphs (120 pts=8hrs)
14420!
14430 MAT Mean_hr_t= (0)~
14440 MAT Rfa_t= (0)
14450 MAT hfa_t= (0)
14460 MAT Ratio_t= (0)
14470 MAT Meas_resp_t= (03
14471 MAT Trans_time= (0)
14480 T_ptr=0
14490 MAT Pres_time$= ("")
14500 MAT Ao_s= (0)
14510 MAT Ao_d= (0)
14520 MAT Ao_m= (0)
14530 MAT Pa_s= (0)
14540 MAT Pa_d= (0)
14550 MAT Pa_m= (0)
14560 MAT La_m= (0)
14570 MAT Ra_m= (0)
14580 MAT Io_time$= ("")
~2S~35
- 123 -
14590 MAT Iv_intake= (O)
14600 MAT Fluid_in= (O)
14610 MAT In_tot= (O)
14620 MAT Urine= (0)
5 14630 MAT Chest= (O)
14640 MAT Out_tot= (O)
14650 MAT Net= (O)
14660 MAT Lab_time$= ("")
14670 MAT Na= (O)
14680 MAT Kl= (O)
14690 MAT Cl= (0)
14700 MAT Hco3= (O)
14710 MAT Ca= (O)
14720 MAT Hct= (O)
14730 MAT Gluc= (O)
14740 MAT Dig= (O)
14750 MAT Pt= (0)
14760 MAT Ptt= (O)
14770 MAT Creat= (0)
14780 MAT Bun= (O)
14790 MAT Vent time$= ("")
14800 MAT Rate= (O)
14810 MAT Fio2= (0)
14820 MAT Pp= (0)
14830 MAT Peep= (0)
14840 MAT Tv= (O)
14850 MAT Ie_ratio$= ("")
14860 MAT Airp= (0)
14870 MAT Ph= (O)
14880 MAT Po2= (O)
14890 MAT Pco2= (O)
14900 MAT Bgo3= (O)
14910 MAT Be= (O)
14920 MAT Heart_time$= ("")
14930 MAT Ci= (O)
14940 MAT Pvri= (0)
lX5~7~S
- 124 -
14g50 MAT Svri= (O)
14960 MAT Drug_time$= (""~
14970 MAT Drug_name$= ("'~
14980 MAT Drug_dos$= ~"")
14990 Pres_ptr=0
15000 Trend_ptr=0
15010 Ratio_t(0)=1 !.. prevent trend graph errors on
startup
15020 Rfa=0
15030 Lfa=0
15040 Meas_resp=0
15050 Peakratio=l
15060
15070
15080 Pacing_rate=250
15090 Num_pts=1024*Num_xfer
15100 Num_header=256+8*Num_xfer
15110 IF Scr_file$="?" THEN GOTO Skipl
15120 Purger_get:DISP "PURGE FILE?"
15130 ENTER 2;Resp$
15140 IF Resp$="Y" OR Resp$="YES" THEN
15150 PURGE Scr_file$
15160 PURGE Scr_file2$
15170 PURGE "messglog:HP8290X,700,1"
15180 PURGE "temp_trend:HP8290X,700,1"
15190 PURGE "hemo_data:HP8290X,700,1"
15200 PURGE "io_data:HP8290X,700,1"
15210 PURGE "drug_data:HP8290X,700,1"
15220 PURGE "lab_data:HP8290X,700,1"
15230 PURGE "co_data:HP8290X,700,1"
15231 PURGE "sub_data:HP8290X,700,1"
15240 ELSE
15250!
15260! the data files are named according to the date
39~
- 125 -
15270! in the following format:
15280! xxxxmmddyy
15290! where
15300! xxxx - resp,hr_ ,msgs,errs,trnd
15310! dd - day
153201 mm - month
(JA,FB,MR,AP,MY,JN,JL,AU,SP,OC,NO,DC)
15330! yy - year
15340 Date now$=DATE$(TIMEDATE)
15350 Month now=FNMonth(Date now$)*2-1
15360 Mm$=Mo$[Month now;2]
15370 Id field$=Date now$[1;2]&Mm$&Date_
now$[10;2]
15380! new name for respiratory file: respddmmyy
15390 RENAME Scr_file$ TO "resp"&Id_field$&Disk_
name$
15400! new name for heart rate file: hr _ddmmyy
15410 RENAME Scr_file2$ TO "hr _ "&Id_
field$SDisk_name$
15420! new name for message log: msgsddmmyy
15430 RENAME "messglog:HP8290X,700,1" TO
"msgs"&Id_field$&Disk_name$
15440! new name for hemo data: dataddmmyy
15450 RENAME "hemo_data:HP8290X,700,1" TO
"hemo"&Id_field$&Disk_name$
15460l new name for io data
15470 RENAME "io_data:HP8290X,700,1" TO "io _
"&Id field$&Disk name$
15480! new name for lab data
15490 RENAME "lab data:HP8290X,700,1" TO "lab_
"&Id field$&Disk name$
15500l new name for vent data
15510 RENAME "vent data:HP8290X,700,1" TO
"vent"&Id field$&Disk_name$
15520l new name for co data
15530 RENAME "co_data:HP8290X,700,1" TO "co_
~57395
-- 126 --
"&Id_field$&Disk_name$
15540l new name for drug data
15550 RENAME "drug_data:HP8290X,700,1" TO
"drug"&Id_field$&Disk_name$
15551! new name for subject data
15552 RENAME "sub data:HP8290X,700,1" TO "sub_
"&Id_field$&Disk_name$
155601 name for trend summary file: trndddmmyy
15570 PURGE "temp_trend:HP8290X,700,1"
15580 CREATE BDAT "trnd"&Id_field$&Disk_
name$,19,256
15590 ASSIGN @Trend_file TO "trnd"&Id_
field$&Disk_name$;FORMAT OFF
15600 OUTPUT @Trend_file;Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_
t(*),Rfa_t(*),Ratio_t(*),Meas
_resp_t(*),Trans_time(*),T_ptr
15610 ASSIGN @Trend_file TO *
15620 END IF
15630 IF Halt_pg=l THEN !...... terminate program
15640 DISP "PROGRAM COMPLETED"
15650 STOP
15660 END IF
15670 Skipl:DISP
15680 Scr_file$="AOK"&Disk_name$
15690 Num_rec=-INT(-(Num_pts+Num_header)/128.)
15700 Scr_file2$="hr"&Scr_file$
15710 CREATE BDAT Scr_file$,Num_rec,256
15720 CREATE BDAT Scr_file2~,Num_rec,256
15730 CREATE BDAT "messglog:HP8290X,700,1",20,640
15740 CREATE BDAT "temp_trend"&Disk_name$,19,256
15750 CREATE BDAT "hemo_data"&Disk_name~,10,256
15760 CREATE BDAT "io_data"&Disk_name$,10,256
15770 CREATE BDAT "lab_data"&Disk_name$,10,256
15780 CREATE BDAT "vent_data"&Disk_name$,10,256
15790 CREATE BDAT "co_data"&Disk_name$,10,256
15800 CREATE BDAT "drug_data"&Disk_name$,10,256
~.2~q39s
- 127 -
15801 CREATE BDAT "sub_data"~Disk_name$,1,256
15802 ASSIGN @Sub_data TO "sub_data"&Disk_
name$;FORMAT OFF
15803 OUTPUT @Sub_data;Sub_name$,Hos_num$,Id_
age$,Id_wt$,Id_ht$,Diag$,Opera$
15804 ASSIGN @Sub_data TO *
15810 Halt_pg=0
15820 Num_pts=1024
15830 PRINT Num_pts*Num_xfer;"points will be
transferred in";Num_xfer;"bloc
ks of";Num_pts;"points"
15840
15850 Num_xfer_left=Num_xfer
15860 SUBEND
15870
15880
15890
15900
15910 DEF FNMonth(Date_now$)
15920 Month$=Date_now$[4;3]
15930 Month=0
15940 IF Month$="Jan" THEN Month=l
15950 IF Month$="Feb" THEN Month=2
15960 IF Month$="Mar" THEN Month=3
15970 IF Month$="Apr" THEN Month=4
15980 IF Month$="May" THEN Month=5
15990 IF Month$="Jun" THEN Month=6
16000 IF Month$="Jul" THEN Month=7
16010 IF Month$="Aug" THEN Month=8
16020 IF Month$="Sep" THEN Month=9
16030 IF Month$="Oct" THEN Month=10
16040 IF Month$="Nov" THEN Month=ll
16050 IF Month$="Dec" THEN Month=12
16060 RETURN Month
16070 FNEND
16080!
~573~
- 128 -
16090!
16100l
16110l
16120l
16130 SUB Xfheader(@Disk,Num_bytes,File_id$)
16140 INTEGER Xheader(7) BUFFER
16150 Xheader(0)=(TIMEDATE MOD 86400)/60
16160 Xheader(l)=Num_bytes
16170 Xheader(2)=NUM(File_id$[1;1])
16180 Xheader(3)=0
16190 Xheader(4)=0
16200 Xheader(5)=0
16210 Xheader(6)=0
16220 Xheader(7)=0
16230 ASSIGN @Xheader TO BUFFER Xheader(*)
16240 CONTROL @Xheader,5;1 ! Reset empty pointer
for buffer
16250 CONTROL @Xheader,4;16 ! Reset current number
of bytes in buffer
16260 TRANSFER @Xheader TO @Disk;COUNT 16,WAIT
16270 ASSIGN @Xheader TO *
16280 SUBEND
16290l
16300l
16310l
16320l
16330l
16340l
16350 SUB Trend_graph
16360l
16370 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_t(*),Rfa_
t(*),Ratio_t(*),T_ptr,Time_now
l,Meas resp t(*),Trend_dp,Trans_time(*),Lfa_
top,Rfa top
16380 COM /Multi_param/ Start_chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num_pt
~L2S7395
- 129 -
s,Num xfer,Num xfer left,Name len,Scr
file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
16390 COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
16400 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres_time$(*),Ao_s(*),Ao
d(*),Ao_m(*),Pa_s(*),Pa_d(*
),Pa_m(*),La_m(*),Ra_m(*),Pres_ptr,Pres_in
16410 DIM First_line(60),Sec_line(60),Third_
line(60),Fourth line(60)
16420 IF Trend dp=l THEN
16430 MAT First_line= Ao_m
16440 MAT Sec_line= Pa_m
16450 MAT Third_line= La_m
16460 MAT Fourth_line= Ra_m
16470 G right=INT((Num_xfer*256/60)/15)
16480 ! IF Pres_in=0 THEN ! Trend_ptr=Pres_
ptr+l
16490 ! Trend_ptr=Pres_ptr+l
16500 !- ELSE
16510 Trend_ptr=Pres_ptr
16520 ! END IF
16530 ELSE
16540 MAT First_line= Mean_hr_t
16550 MAT Sec line= Ratio t
16560 MAT Third line= Lfa_t
16570 MAT Fourth_line= Rfa_t
16580 G_right=Num_xfer
16590 Trend_ptr=T_ptr
16600 END IF
16610 Block time=Pacing_rate*1.024/3600.
16620 GINIT
16630 GCLEAR
16640 PRINT CHR$(12)
16650 GRAPHICS ON
16660 Beg_time=Time_nowl/3600-Block_time
~Z~i7~
- 130 -
16670 End_time=Beg time+Num xfer*Block_time
16680 Ibeg time=INT(Beg_time)
16690 IF Ibeg_time<Beg time THEN Ibeg time=Ibeg_
time~l
16700l
16710! label the time axes
16720!
16730 VIEWPORT 0,128,45,50
16740 WINDOW Beg_time,End_time,0,1
16750 IF INT(End time)>Beg time THEN
16760 LDIR 0
16770 FOR T label=Ibeg_time TO INT(End time)
16780 MOVE T_label,.5
16790 LORG 5
16800 CSIZE 4
16810 LABEL T_label
16820 NEXT T label
1683G END IF
16840 VIEWPORT 0,128,40,45
16850 WINDOW 0,1,0,1
16860 MOVE .5,0
16870 LORG 4
16880 LABEL "Time (24 hr)"
16890l
16900! draw the axes
16910l
16920 VIEWPORT 0,128,50,100
16930 WINDOW Beg time,End_time,0,1
16940 AXES 1/15.,.1,Beg_time,0
16950 WINDOW 1,0,1,0
16960 AXES 0,.25,0,0
16970~
16980l mean heart rate trends
16990!
17000 WINDOW -l,G_right,Botl,Topl
17010 MOVE 0,First_line(0)
i~,5739~
- 131 -
17020 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
17030 DRAW I,First line(I)
17040 NEXT I
17050!
17060! ratio trends (with a line at ratio=2)
17070l
17080 WINDOW -l,G_right,i3Ot2,Top2
17090 LINE TYPE 8,5
17100 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
17110 MOVE 0,LGT(Sec_line(0))
17120 ELSE
17130 MOVE 0,Sec_line(0)
17140 END IF
17150 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
17160 IF Trend dp=2 THEN
17170 DRAW I,LGT(Sec_line(I))
17180 ELSE
17190 DRAW I,Sec_line(I)
17200 END IF
17210 NEXT I
17220 IF Trend_dp=2 THEN
17230 LINE TYPE 3,5l.. sparsely dotted line at
ratio=2
17240 MOVE 0,LGT(2.)
17250 DRAW Trend_ptr-l,LGT(2.)
17260 END IF
17270!
17280! lfa trends
17290l
17300 WINDOW -l,G_right,Bot3,Top3
17310 LINE TYPE 4,5
17320 MOVE 0,Third_line(0)
17330 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
17340 DRAW I,Third_line(I)
17350 NEXT I
17360l
~2573~5
-- 132 --
17370! rfa trends
17380!
17390 WINDOW -l,G right,Bot4,Top4
17400 LINE TYPE 5,5
17410 MOVE 0,Fourth_line(0)
17420 FOR I=0 TO Trend_ptr-l
17430 DRAW I,Fourth_line(I)
17440 NEXT I
17450!
17460! draw a key for line types
17470l
17480 VIEWPORT 64,128,0,50
17490 WINDOW 0,1,0,13
17500 IF Trend dp=2 THEN
17510 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"trend graph"
17520 PRINT TABXY(55,15);"mean hr(0-200)"
17530 PRINT TABXY(55,16);"ratio(.01-100)"
17540 PRINT TABXY(55,17);"lfa (0-10)"
17550 PRINT TABXY(55,18);"rfa (0-10)"
17560 ELSE
17570 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"mean pressure graphs"
17580 PRINT TABXY~50,15);"ao pressure(0-150)"
17590 PRINT TABXY(50,16);"pa pressure(0-75)"
17600 PRINT TABXY(50,17);"1a pressure(0-50)"
17610 PRINT TABXY(50,18);"ra pressure(0-50)"
17620 END IF
17630 LINE TYPE 1,5
17640 MOVE .8,11
17650 DRAW 1.,11
17660 LINE TYPE 8,5
17670 MOVE .8,10
17680 DRAW 1.,10
17690 LINE TYPE 4,5
17700 MOVE .8,9
17710 DRAW 1.,9
17720 LINE TYPE 5,5
3~ZS7~95
- 133 -
17730 MOVE .8,8
17740 DRAW 1.,8
17750 SUBEND
17760!
17770!
17780!
17790!
17800!
17810 SUB Msg dump(Message_chart$(*),Message_line,Flg)
17820 COM /Messagecom/ Message$(10)[80],@Messages
17830 DIM Msg_buffer$[1280] BUFFER
17840 IF Flg>=2 THEN GOTO Chart_filled
17850 ASSIGN @Msg_buffer TO BUFFER Msg_
buffer$;FORMAT OFF
17860 STATUS @Messages,3;Num rec
17870 STATUS @Messages,4;Rec_len
17880 STATUS @Messages,5;Cur_rec
17890 STATUS @Messages,6;Cur_byte
17900 IF Cur_rec<=l AND Cur_byte<=l THEN !.. no
messages yet
17910 Flg=0
17920 DISP "no messages yet"
17930 WAIT 2
17940 SUBEXIT
17950 END IF
17960 Flg=2
17970 CONTROL @Messages,5;1
17980 CONTROL @Messages,6;1
17990 FOR Rec=l TO Cur_rec-l
18000 Read_msg:TRANSFER @Messages TO @Msg_buffer;COUNT
Rec_len,WAIT
18010 Message_chart$(Rec-l)=Msg_buffer$[1;Rec_
len]
18020 CONTROL @Msg_buffer,4;0
18030 CONTROL @Msg_buffer,5;1
18040 NEXT Rec
~2S7391S
- 134 -
18050 IF Cur byte>l THEN
18060 TRANSFER @Messages TO @Msg_buffer;COUNT
Cur_byte-l,WAIT
18070 Message_chart$(Cur_rec-l)=Msg_
buffer$[1;Cur_byte-l]
18080 END IF
18090 ASSIGN @Msg_buffer TO *
18100 Reset msg file:!
18110 CONTRO~ @Messages,5;Cur rec
18120 CONTROL @Messages,6;Cur byte
18130 Chart filled:!
18140 STATUS @Messages,5;Cur_rec
18150 STATUS @Messages,6;Cur_byte
18160 Flg=2
18170 Cur_msg_ptr=0
18180 Chart_line=l
18190 Msg_buffer$=Message_chart$(0)
18200 Last msg=Message_line+17
18210 Clear$=CHR$(255)&CHR$(75)
18220 OUTPUT 2;Clear$
18230 GRAPHICS OFF
18240 Next msg:!
18250 Beg msg=POS(Msg buffer$[4],"Time")+3
18260 IF Beg msg=3 THEN GOTO Next chart line
18270 Cur_msg_ptr=Cur_msg_ptr+l
18280 IF Cur_msg_ptr>Message_line THEN
18290 Tab_line=Cur_msg ptr-Message line
18300 PRINT TABXY(l,Tab line);" "
18310 PRINT TABXY(l,Tab line);Msg_buffer$[1,Beg
msg-l]
18320 END IF
18330 Msg buffer$=Msg buffer$[Beg_msg]
18340 IF Cur msg_ptr=~ast_msg THEN Subend_msg
18350 GOTO Next msg
18360 Next_chart_line:IF Chart_line<Cur_rec THEN
18370 Msg_buffer$=Msg_buffer$~Message_
~.~5'7395
- 135 -
chart$(Chart_lineJ
18380 Chart_line=Chart_line+l
18390 GOTO Next_msg
18400 END IF
18410 Stopper:PRINT Msg_buffer$
18420 Subend msg:PRINT
18430 SUBEND
18440 1
18450 1
18460 1
18470 ~
18480 1
18490 SUB Disp_ctrls
18500 DISP "f - freq range adjust (1 or 2 Hz)"
18510 WAIT 2
18520 DISP "h - help: display these controls"
18530 WAIT 2
18540 DISP "p - peak threshold adjust (+20~)"
18550 WAIT 2
18560 DISP "r - resp time series display"
18570 WAIT 2
18580 DISP "s - search for resp peak (+.1 Hz)"
18590 WAIT 2
18600 SUBEND
18610 1
18620 1
18630 1
18640 SUB Offgraph
18650 COM /Vitaldata/ Rfa,Lfa,Peakratio,Meas_
resp,Next_time
18660 PRINT CHR$(12)
18670 PRINT TABXY(1,14);"RR=";PROUND(Meas_resp,-
2);"Hz"
18680. PRINT TABXY(1,15);"lfa=";Lfa
18690 PRINT TABXY(1,16);"rfa=";Rfa
18700 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"ratio=";Peakratio
~257395
- 136 -
18710 PRINT TABXY~1,18);"next transfer:
";TIME$(Next_time)
18720 SUBEND
18730
18740
18750 ! This subroutine edits the data
18760
18770
18780 SUB Editor
18790 COM /Editor/ Edit_msg$[80]
18800 COM /Vitaldata/ Rfa,Lfa,Peakratio,Meas_
resp,Next_time
18810 Key_in:!
18820 PRINT TABXY(1,18);" "
18830 PRINT TABXY(1,18);Edit_msg$
18840 IF TIMEDATE>Next_time-15 THEN GOTO Keyend
18850 ON TIME (TIMEDATE+10) MOD 86400,3 GOTO Keyend
18860 DISP "type message"
18870 GRAPHICS OFF
18880 ON KBD,2 GOTO Next_char
18890 Key_wait:GOTO Key_wait
18900 Next_char:Key$=KBD$
18910 ON TIME (TIMEDATE+10) MOD 86400,3 GOTO Keyend
18920 IF NUM(Key$)=255 THEN
18930 IF NUM~Key$[2])=69 THEN GOTO End_key
18940 IF NUM(Key$[2])=66 THEN !.... backspacing
18950 New_msg_len=LEN(Edit_msg$)-1
18960 IF New_msg_len<=0 THEN New_msg_len=0
18970 Edit_msg$=Edit_msg$[1;New_msg_len]
18980 END IF
18990 IF NUM(Key$[2])=35 THEN !.... clear line
19000 Edit_msg$=""
19010 END IF
19020 ELSE
19030 IF LEN(Edit_msg$)<66 THEN !.. ..can add
! characters
12~739~
- 137 -
19040 Edit msg$=Edit msg$&Key$
19050 ELSE
19060 BEEP
19070 END IF
19080 END IF
19090 PRINT TABXY(1,18);" "
19100 PRINT TABXY(1,18);Edit_msg$
19110 GOTO Key_wait
19120 Keyend: ~
19130 End_key:OFF KBD
19140 OFF TIME
19150 SUBEND
19160 !
19170 !
19180 !
19190 SUB Chart(Chart_num)
19200 COM /Subject/ Sub_name$,Hos_num$,Id_age$,Id_
wt$,Id_ht$,Diag$,Opera$,Halt_pg
19210 COM /Io_chart/ Io_time$(*),Iv_intake(*),Fluid_
in(*),In_tot(*),Urine(*),Chest(*),Out_
tot(*),Net(*),Io_ptr
19220 COM /Lab_chart/ Lab_
time$(*),Na(*),Kl(*),Cl(*),Hco3(*),Ca(*),Hct(*),G
luc(*),Dig(*),Pt(*),Ptt(*),Creat(*),Bun~*),Lab_
ptr
19230 COM /Vent chart/ Vent
time$(*),Rate(*),Fio2(*),Pp(*),Peep(*),Tv(*),
Ie ratio$(*),Airp(*),Ph(*),Po2(*),Pco2(*),
Bgo3(*),Be(*),Vent_ptr
19240 COM /Pres_chart/ Pres_time$(*),Ao_s(*),Ao_
d(*),Ao_m(*),Pa_s(*),Pa_d(*
),Pa_m(*),La_m(*),Ra_m(*),Pres_ptr,Pres_in
19250 COM /Pressure/
Topl,Top2,Top3,Top4,Botl,Bot2,Bot3,Bot4
19260 COM /Heart_index/ Heart_
time$(*),Ci(*),Pvri(*),Svri(*),Heart_ptr
~Z5739S
-- 138 --
19270 COM /Drugs/ Drug_time$(*),Drug_name$~*),Drug_
dos$(*),Dr~g_ptr
19280 Pres_stl=0
19290 Lab_stl=0
19300 Io_stl=0
19310 Vent_stl=0
19320 Drug_stl=0
19330
19340 ! set up identifying subject info
19350
19360 PRINT CHR~(12)
19370 PRINT TABXY(l,l);
19380 PRINT USING Image_wtl;Sub_name$,Hos_
num$,TIME$(TIMEDATE),DATE$(TIMEDATE)
19390 Image_wtl:IMAGE "Name: ",K,XXXX,"Hosp num:
",K,XXXXX,K,XXXXX,K
19400 PRINT TABXY(1,2);
19410 PRINT USING Image_wt2;Id_age$,Id_wt$,Id_
ht$,Diag$,Opera$
19420 Image_wt2:IMAGE "Age: ",K,XXXX,"Wt(kg):
",K,XXXX,"Ht(cm): ",K,XXXX,"Diag
: ",K,XXXX,"Op: ",K
19430
19440 I go to appropriate chart
19450
19460 ON Chart_num GOTO In_out,Lab_val,Vent_
val,Pres_val,Drug
19470 In_out:! .... intake/output
19480 IF Io_ptr>3 THEN Io_stl=2
19490 IF Io_ptr>5 THEN
19500 DISP "do not input more Intake/Output
data; disc full"
19510 WAIT 3
19520 SUBEXIT
19530 END IF
19540 PRINT TABXY(30,3);"INTAKE/OUTPUT CHART"
~ZS~
- 139 -
19550 PRINT TABXY(1,4);"Intake (cc/hr) "
19560 PRINT TABXY(1,5);"Time"
19570 PRINT TABXY(4,6);"Maint. Fluid"
19580 PRINT TABXY(4,7);"Other Fluids"
19590 PRINT TABXY(l,9);"Total "
19600 PRINT TABXY(l,ll);"Output (cc/hr)"
19610 PR~NT TABXY(4,12);"Urine"
19620 PRINT TABXY(4,13);"Chest"
19630 PRINT TABXY(1,15);"Total"
19640 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"Net I/O"
19650 Start=25
19660 FOR I=Io_stl TO Io_ptr
19670 PRINT TABXY(Start,5);Io_time$(I)
19680 PRINT TABXY(Start,6);Iv_intake(I)
19690 PRINT TABXY(Start,7);Fluid_in(I)
19700 PRINT TABXY(Start,9);In_tot(I)
19710 PRINT TABXY(Start,12);Urine(I)
19720 PRINT TABXY(Start,13);Chest(I)
19730 PRINT TABXY(Start,15);0ut_tot(I)
19740 PRINT TABXY(Start,17);Net(I)
19750 Start=Start+10
19760 NEXT I
19770 GOTO Finish
19780l
19790l
19800 Lab_val:l ... lab values
19810 IF Lab ptr>3 THEN Lab_stl=2
19820 IF Lab_ptr>7 THEN
19830 DISP "do not input any more lab values;
disc full"
19840 WAIT 3
19850 SUBEXIT
19860 END IF
19870 PRINT TABXY(30,3);"Lab Values"
19880 PRINT TABXY(10,4);"Timel'
19890 PRINT TABXY(1,6);"Na"
~2~:7~95
- 140 -
19900 PRINT TABXY(1,7);"K"
19910 PRINT TABXY(1,8);"Cl"
19920 PRINT TABXY(l,9);"HCO3"
19930 PRINT TABXY(1,10);"Ca"
5 19940 PRINT TABXY(l,ll);"Hct"
19950 PRINT TABXY(1,12);"Glucose"
19960 PRINT TABXY(1,13); "Dig level"
19970 PRINT TABXY(1,14);"PT"
19980 PRINT TABXY(1,15); "PTT"
19990 PRINT TABXY(1,16);"Creat"
20000 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"Bun"
20010 Start=15
20020 FOR I=Lab_stl TO Lab_ptr
20030 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,4);Lab_time$(I)
20040 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,6);Na(I)
20050 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,7);Kl(I)
20060 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,8);Cl(I)
20070 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,9);Hco3(I)
20080 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,10);Ca(I)
20090 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,11);Hct(I)
20100 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,12);Gluc(I)
20110 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,13);Dig(I)
20120 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,14);Pt(I)
20130 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,15);Ptt(I)
20140 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,16) Creat(I)
20150 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,17);Bun(I)
20160 Start=Start+10
20170 NEXT I
20180 GOTO Finish
20-190!
20200!
20210 Vent val:! .... ventilation values
20220 IF Vent_ptr>3 THEN Vent_stl=2
20230 IF Vent_ptr>5 THEN Vent_stl=4
73g~;
- 141 -
20240 IF Vent ptr~7 TH~N
20250 DISP "do not input any more Vent values;
disc full"
20260 WAIT 3
5 20270 SUBEXIT
20280 END IF
20290 PRINT TABXY(30,3);"VENTILATION"
20300 PRINT TABXY(1,4);"Settings Hour:"
20310 PRINT TABXY(4,5);"Rate"
20320 PRINT TABXY(4,6);"FIO2"
20330 PRINT TABXY(4,7);"Peak Pres"
20340 PRINT TABXY(4,8);"Peep"
20350 PRINT TABXY(4,9);"TV"
20360 PRINT TABXY(4,10);"I:E ratio"
20370 PRINT TABXY(4,11);"Mean air"
20380 PRINT TABXY(1,12);"Blood Gases"
20390 PRINT TABXY(4,13);"ph"
20400 PRINT TABXY(4,14);"pO2"
20410 PRINT TABXY(4,15);"pCO2"
20420 PRINT TABXY(4,16);"HCO3"
20430 PRINT TABXY(4,17);"BE"
20440 Start=15
20450 FOR I=Vent stl TO Vent_ptr
20460 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,4);Vent_timc$(I)
20470 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,5);Rate(I)
20480 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,6);Fio2(I)
20490 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,7);Pp(I)
20500 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,8);Peep(I)
20510 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,9);Tv(I)
20520 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,10);Ie_ratio$(I)
20530 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,11);Airp(I)
20540 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,13);Ph(I)
20550 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,14);Po2(I3
20560 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,15);Pco2(I)
20570 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,16);Bgo3(I)
20580 PRINT TABXY(Start+10,17);Be(I)
~25q39s
- 142 -
20590 Start=Start+10
20600 NEXT I
20610 GOTO Finish
20620!
20630l
20640 Pres_val:! .... pressure values
20650 IF Pres_ptr>12 THEN Pres_stl=5
20660 IF Pres_ptr>17 THEN
20670 DISP "Do not input any more pressures;
disc full"
20680 WAIT 3
20690 SUBEXIT
20700 END IF
20710 PRINT TABXY(9,3);"Time:"
20720 PRINT TABXY(1,4);"Systemic"
20730 PRINT TABXY(4,5);"systolic"
20740 PRINT TABXY(4,6);"diastolic"
20750 PRINT TABXY(4,7);"mean"
20760 PRINT TABXY(1,8);"Pulmonary"
20770 PRINT TABXY(4,9);"systolic"
20780 PRINT TABXY(4,10);"diastolic"
20790 PRINT TABXY(4,11);"mean"
20800 PRINT TABXY(1,12);"LA mean"
20810 PRINT TABXY(1,13);"RA mean"
20820 PRINT TABXY(9,14);"Time: "
20830 PRINT TABXY(1,15);"C.I."
20840 PRINT TABXY(1,16);"PVRI"
20850 PRINT TABXY(1,17);"SVRI"
20860 Start=15
20870 FOR I=Pres_stl TO Pres_ptr
20880 PRINT TABXY(Start,3);Pres_time$(I)
20890 PRINT TABXY(Start,5);Ao_s(I)
20900 PRINT TABXY(Start,6);Ao_d(I)
20910 PRINT TABXY(Start,7);Ao_m(I)
20920 PRINT TABXY(Start,9);Pa_s(I)
20930 PRINT TABXY(Start,10);Pa_d(I)
-
1;2S73~
- 143 -
20940 PRINT TABXY(Start,ll);Pa_m(I)
20950 PRINT TABXY(Start,12);La_m( I )
20960 PRINT TABXY(Start,13);Ra_m(I)
20970 Start=Start+5
20980 NEXT I
20990 Start=15
21000 FOR I=0 TO Heart_ptr
21010 PRINT TABXY(Start,14);Heart_time$(I)
21020 PRINT TABXY(Start,15);Ci(I)
21030 PRINT TABXY(Start,16);Pvri(I)
21040 PRINT TABXY(Start,17);Svri(I)
21050 Start=Start+5
21060 NEXT I
21070 GOTO Finish
21080l
21090!
21100 Drug:l .... hey man, drugs
21110 IF Drug_ptr>9 THEN Drug_stl=4
21120 IF Drug ptr>l4 THEN Drug stl=9
-20 21130 IF Drug ptr>l9 THEN Drug stl=14
21140 IF Drug ptr>24 THEN Drug_stl=l9
21150 IF Drug_ptr>29 THEN Drug stl=24
21160 IF Drug_ptr>34 THEN Drug_stl=29
21170 IF Drug_ptr>38 THEN
21180 DISP "do not enter more drugs; disc full"
21190 WAIT 3
21200 SUBEXIT
21210 END IF
21220 PRINT TABXY(30,4);"Drug Chart"
21230 PRINT TABXY(1,6);"Name"
21240 PRINT TABXY(30,6);"Dosage"
21250 PRINT TABXY(60,6);"Time"
21260 D_line=7
21270 FOR I=Drug_stl TO Drug ptr
21280 PRINT TABXY(l,D line);Drug name$(I)
21290 PRINT TABXY(30,D_line);Drug_dos$(I)
~2~;739~
- 144 -
21300 PRINT TABXY(60,D_line);Drug_time$(I)
21310 D_line=D_line+l
21320 NEXT I
21330 Finish: !
21340 SUBEND
21350
21360
21370 DEF FNLval(Lnum$)
21380 Numval=VAL("9"~Lnum$)
21390 If Num val-9 THEN
21400 Rval=9999.999
21410 RETURN Rval
21420 ELSE
21430 Numval=VAL(Lnum$)
21440 RETURN Numval
21450 END IF
21460 FNEND
~2~7;~
- 145 -
10 Teaser7:!This program reviews data taken by sgrape
1 and allows all the graphs to be printed (when
! its done)
5 50 l.................... ~
! LAST REYISION: 1 May 1985
!...............................................
100
110 !...............................................
120
130 I SET UP ERROR HANDLERS
140 ! SET UP COMMON STORAGE/ARRAY STORAGE
150 !...............................................
160
170
171 COM /Vars/ Ffthrvar,Fftrespvar
180 COM /Intr 7/ Int flag,Status bytes(5)
190 COM /Flags/ Atod done,Scanner done,Memoryl_
done,Memory2 done,Timer done,Counter_done,
Memory3_done,Memory4_done
200 COM /Io_arrays/ Counters(3),Counters2(3),Time_
base$[7]
210 COM /Multi param/ Start chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num pts,Num_xfer,
Num xfer left,Name len,Scr file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
220 COM /Hr sig/ Num pulses,Last_pulse,First_blk
flg,Last time,Num hr_sig,Max
_hr pts,Avg hr,Rollover,Hr smooth
230 COM /Hr_stats/ Hr_histo(128),Histo_min,Histo_
max,Num fudge,Num histo_pnts
,@Err_log
~z~
- 146 -
240 COM /Plot_par/ Plotbox,Boxcar_flg,Log_
plotflg,Freq_limit,Resp_search,Pct_thresh
250 COM /Graphs/
Hrdata(512),Hrspec(512),Respspec(512),Bpspec(512)
260 COM /Vitaldata/ Rfa,Lfa,Peakratio,Meas_resp,Next_
time
270 COM /Idfield/ Id_field$[18]
280 COM /Messagecom/ Message$(10)[80],@Messages
290 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(60),Lfa_t[60),Rfa_
t(60),Ratio_t(60),T_ptr,Time_now
1,Meas_resp_t(60)
300 DIM Msg_pad$(20)[80],Edit_msg$[80]
310 DIM Msg_buffer$[80] BUFFER
320 ASSIGN @Msg_buffer TO BUFFER Msg_buffer$
330 Log_plotflg=0
340 Freq limit=l.
350 Resp_search=.l
360 Pct_thresh=.2
370 Scr_file$="?"
380
390 ! Set up common/array storage for waveform
analysis
400
410 1...............................................
420
430 I Set up common/array storage for waveform
! analysis
440 !...............................................
450
460 COM /Directory/ Dir$[160],@Printer
470 COM /Wfl/ Printer,Plotter,String$[40]
480 COM /Wf2/ Signal(8257),Number_pnts,Type,Sampling_
period5 490 COM /Wf3/ Segment_size,Overlap,Num_segments,Pnts_
used,Fft_size
~257~
- 147 -
500 COM /Wf5/ Refn(63~,Refd(63),Refno,Re~do,Refgain
510 COM /Autoparam/ Up_down,Up_delay,Dn_delay
520 COM /Fftcom/ INTEGER Bitrev(512),Sincos(512)
530
540 DISP "loading subroutines"
550 LOADSUB ALL FROM "hr_siggen8"
560 LOADSUB ALL FROM "automaxsb2"
570 LOADSUB ALL FROM "fft_anal6"
580 DISP "load data disks and press CONTINUE"
590 PAUSE
600
610 !...............................................
620 ! The HP 9826/9836 flexible disk (5-1/4") has the
following structure
630 ! 2 sides, 33 tracks/side, 16 sectors/track, 256
bytes/sector
640 ! 1 track = 4096 bytes = 16 sectors
650 ! 1 side = 135168 bytes = 528 sectors
660 ! 1 disk = 270336 bytes = 1056 sectors
670 ! 1 disk = 135168 words = 132K words
680 1................................................
690
700
710 INTEGER Hpib_bufferl(2048) BUFFER
720 INTEGER Hpib_buffer2(2048) BUFFER
730 DIM Hr_signal(1024) BUFFER
740 Read ptrl=0
750 Read_ptr2=0
760 Begin: I
770 Selections: !
780
790
800 ! NOW SET UP THE SCAN CARD PARAMETERS (DEFAULT
! VALUES)
810 ! START CHANNEL (3.0) - 0
3'95
- 148 -
820 ! STOP CHANNEL (3.1) -
830 ! PACING (3.2) - 40 USEC
840 I SEQN'L SCAN (3.3) - XXXX XXXX XXXl ( 1~
850 ! INTN'L PACING (3.3) - XXXX XXXX XlXX ( 4)
860 ! MSEC TIMEBASE (3.3) - XXXl XXXX XXXX (256)
870
880 CALL Get_param
890
900 I set up the bit reverse index
910
920 Npair=Num_pts/2
930 K=0
940 FOR J=l TO Npair-l
950 I=2
15 960 Ndivi=Npair/I
970 IF K<Ndivi THEN 1010
980 K=K-Ndivi
990 I=I+I
1000 GOTO 960
20 1010 K=K+Ndivi
1020 Bitrev(J+l)=K+l
1030 NEXT J
1040 !
1050 ! set up the sin/cosine table
1060 !
1070 Angl=ATN(1)*8/Npair
1080 FOR J=0 TO Npair-l
1090 Sincos(J)=SIN(Angl*J)
1100 NEXT J
1110 ~
1120 ! set up other data paths
1130 !
1140 ! ASSIGN @Err_log TO "errs"&Id_
field$&":HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF5 1150 ! ASSIGN @Messages TO "msgs"&Id_
field$&":HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
~2!~739~;
- 149 -
1160 ! ASSIGN @Temp_trend TO "trnd"&Id_
field~&":HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
1170 IF Num_pts=0 THEN GOTO Begin
1180 Read_ptrl=0
1190 Setup_scan:DISP " NUMBER OF POINTS=";Num_pts
1200 Read_ptrl=0
1210 Read ptr2=0
1220 Setup_counter:!
1230 Setup_clock:!
1240 Block_time=Pacing_rate*1.024
1250 First_blk_flg=l
1260 Num_msgs=0
1270 Message_line=0
1280 Msg_dp_request=0
1290 Resp dpflg=0
1300 Max hr pts=1024
1310 Last_time=0
1320 1
1330 ! setup control parameters
1340 !
1350 Defaultset:!
1360 INPUT "use default settings?",Resp$
1370 IF Resp$="N" THEN Frqlimset
1380 Freq limit=2.
1390 Pct_thresh=.2
1400 Resp_dpflg=l
1410 Resp search=.2
1420 Hcdopyflg=0
1430 PRINT "Spectra displayed to";Freq limit;"Hz"
1440 PRINT "resp peak search threshold=";Pct_thresh
1450 PRINT "resp series plot w/hr series"
1460 PRINT "resp peak search starts at";Resp_
search;"Hz"
1470 PRINT "no hard copy will be printed"
1480 INPUT "is this ok?",Resp$
1490 IF Resp$<>"Y" THEN Defaultset
~ 25';739
-- 150 --
1500 GOTO Skipset
151Q Frqlimset:l
1520 INPUT "frequency limit?",Freq_limit !..change
spectra disp.freq.range
1530 IF Freq_limit<~l. THEN Freq_limit=2.
1540 PRINT "Spectra displayed to";Freq_limit;"Hz"
1550 INPUT "is this ok?",Resp$
1560 IF Resp$<>"Y" THEN Frqlimset
1570 Searchset:!0 1580 INPUT "resp peak threshold?",Pct_thresh !..change
peak search threshold
1590 IF Pct_thresh>.8 THEN Pct_thresh=.2
1600 PRINT "resp peak search threshold=";Pct_thresh
1610 INPUT "is this ok?",Resp$5 1620 IF Resp$<>"Y" THEN Searchset
1630 Respdpset:!
1640 INPUT "display resp time series?",Resp$
!..display respiration time series
1650 IF Resp$<>"N" THEN
1660 Re-sp_dpflg=l
1670 PRINT "resp series plot w/hr series"
1680 ELSE
1690 Resp dpflg=0
1700 PRINT "cancel resp series plot"
1710 END IF
1720 INPUT "is this ok?",Resp$
1730 IF Resp$<>"Y" THEN Respdpset
1740 Resppkset: !
1750 INPUT "start for resp peak search?",Resp_
search l..... change respiration
peak search
1760 IF Resp_search>Freq_limit-.l THEN Resp_search=.l
1770 PRINT "resp peak search starts at";Resp_
search;"Hz"
3~ 1780 INPUT "is this ok?",Resp$
1790 IF Resp$<>"Y" THEN Resppkset
12~
- 151 -
1800 Hdcopyset: !
1810 INPUT "print hardcopy?",Resp$
1820 IF Resp$="N" THEN
1830 Hdcopyflg=0
1840 PRINT "no hard copy will be printed"
1850 ELSE
1860 Hdcopyflg=l
1870 PRINT "hard copy will be printed"
1880 END IF
1890 INPUT "is this ok?",Resp$
1900 IF Resp$<>"Y" THEN Hdcopyset
1910 Skipset:
1920
1930 ! Read data continuously
151940
1950 ! Set up the memory buffers and disk files
1960
1970 Reading:
1980 ASSIGN @In_buffer TO BUFFER Hpib_bufferl(*)
1990 ASSIGN @Diskbuffer TO Scr_file$;FORMAT OFF
2000 ASSIGN @In_buffer2 TO BUFFER Hpib_buffer2~*)
2010 ASSIGN @Diskbuffer2 TO Scr file2$;FORMAT OFF
2020
2030 Data_lockout=0
252040 !
2050 ! generate id fields to identify data files
2060 1.............................................
2070 ! the first 256 bytes of the file are reserved for
identification
302080 !
2090 ! the reserved data are:
2100 ! byte 1 - 72 ("H") or 82 ("R"): hr or resp_
! file
2110 ! byte 2 - year (at beginnig of expt.)
352120 ! byte 3 - month
2130 ! byte 4 - day
i2~;7:~9~;
- 152 -
2140 ! byte 5 - hour
2150 ! byte 6 - minute
2160 ! byte 7 - collecting program date (0-365)
2170 I byte 8 - collecting program year (1984-?)
2180 ! byte 9-16: unused
2190 ! byte 17 - pacing rate (0-32768)
2200 ! byte 18 - pacing rate unitst77 ="M" or 85
="U" )
2210 ! byte 19 - number of transfers
102220 ! byte 20 - number of point/transfer (=1024)
2230 ! byte 21 - number of A/D channels used (=l)
2240 ! byte 22-256 : unassigned
2250 !
2260 ! the remainder of the file is data
2270 ! each transfer is preceded by an identifying
I string of 8 bytes
2280 ! byte 1 - time of day (timedate mod 86400)/60
2290 ! byte 2 - number of points in next transfer
2300 ! byte 3 - H/R (check to make sure this is the
right file)
2310 1.................................................
2320 1
2330 ! INTEGER Id buffer(255) BUFFER
2340 Time_now=TIMEDATE
2350 1 Id_buffer(0)=72 I.. Heart rate file
2360 Date_now$=DATE$(TIMEDATE)
2370 ! Day_now=VAL(Date_now$)
2380 ! Year_now=VAL(Date_now$[8;4])
2390 ! Month now=FNMonth(Date now$)
30 2400 ! Id_buffer(l)=Year_now !...... year
2410 ! Id_buffer(2)=Month now ~........ month
2420 ! Id buffer(3)=Day now l.... day
2430 Time_nowl=Time_now MOD 86400
2440 1 Id_buffer(4)=Time nowl/3600 I..... . hour
2450 1 Id buffer(5)=(Time_nowl MOD 3600)/60 !.... min
2460 ! Id_buffer(6)=348 !.. pgm date
~Z ~7 3
- 153 -
2470 ! Id_buffer(7)=1984 I.. pgm year
2480 ! Id_buffer(16)=Pacing_rate
2490 ! Id_buffer(17)=77 !... MSEC
2500 ! Id_buffer(18)=Num_xfer
2510 ! Id_buffer~l9)=1024 !..... num_pts
2520 ! Id_buffer(20)=1 !.. ..# channels
2530 !
2540 !
2550 ! read id field for heart rate file
2560 ~
2570 ! ASSIGN @Id_buffer TO BUFFER Id_buffer(*)
2580 ! TRANSFER @Diskbuffer2 TO @Id_buffer;COUNT
! 256,WAIT
2590 ! ASSIGN @Id_buffer TO *
2600 !
2610 ! read id field for respiratory file
2620 !
2630 ! Id_buffer(0)=82 !...................... Resp file
2640 ! ASSIGN @Id_buffer TO BUFFER Id_buffer(*)
2650 ! TRANSFER @Diskbuffer TO @Id_buffer;COUNT 256,WAIT
2660 ! ASSIGN @Id_buffer TO *
2670 !
2680 !
2690 !
2700 ! begin transferring data from the A/D buffer
2710 !
2720 Blk_xfer:i
2730 CONTROL @In_buffer,3;1
! Reset fill pointer for buffer
2740 CONTROL @In_buffer,4;0
! Reset current number of bytes in buffer
2750 CONTROL @In_buffer,5;1
! Reset empty pointer for buffer
2760
2770 ! read an 8 byte sequence to disk as a header for
! the transfer
~S739~
- 154 -
2780
2790 CALL Rdheader(@Diskbuffer,Num pts,"R")
2800
2810 Num_rdpts=Num_pts
2820 TRANSFER @Diskbuffer TO @In_buffer;COUNT Num_
rdpts*2,CONT
2830 PRINT TABXY(1,18);
2840 PRINT USING Image_wtl;Num_xfer-Num_xfer_
left+l,Num_x~er,TIME$(Next_time),
Rdseg,Num_rdseg
2850 Image_wtl:IMAGE "Next xfer(",K,"/",K,"): ",K,"
seg=",K,"/",K
2860
2870 ! store A/D buffer on complete data file (also
save pointers for heart rate)
2880
2890
2900 Resumel:l
2910 Next_time=Next_time+INT(Block_time)
2920
2930
2940
2950 Resume2:!
2960 Num_xfer_left=Num_xfer_left-l
2970 CONTROL @In_buffer2,3;1
! Reset fill pointer for buffer
2980 CONTROL @In_buffer2,4;0
! Reset current number of bytes in buffer
2990 CONTROL QIn_buffer2,5;1
! Reset empty pointer for buffer
3000
3010 I read an 8 byte sequence to disk as a header for
! the transfer
3020
3030 CALL Rdheader(@Diskbuffer2,Num_pulses,"H")
3040 TRANSFER @Diskbuffer2 TO @In_buffer2;COUNT Num_
125739~;
- 155 -
pulses*2,WAIT
3050
3060 Resume5O!
3070 Histo_max=8000
3080 Histo_min=-8000
3090 CALL Hr_sig_gen(Hpib_buffer2(*),Hr_signal(*))
3100
3110
3120 Resume6:l
3130 OUTPUT 2;CHR$(255)&CHR$(75);
I Clear CRT of text
3140 GINIT
3150 PLOTTER IS 3,"INTERNAL"
3160 GRAPHICS ON
3170 Xscale=8
3180 Hr_max=MAX(Hr_signal(*))
3190 Hr_min=MIN(Hr_signal(*))
3200 VIEWPORT 0,64,50,100
3210 WINDOW 0,1,0,1
3220 AXES .1,.1,0,0
3230 CSIZE 4
3240 Hr signal(1024)=0
3250 Hr sigsum=SUM(Hr_signal)
3260 Mean_hr=INT((Hr_sigsum/1024+Avg_hr))
3270 LDIR 0
3280 LORG 3
3290 MOVE .2,.9
3300 LABEL "HR data hr=";Mean_hr
3310 CSIZE 4
3320 MOVE .05,1
3330 LORG 3
3340 LABEL "250 bpm"
3350 WINDOW 1,0,1,0
3360 AXES 0,0,0,0
3370 IF Hr_dispflg=l THEN
3380 WINDOW 0,1024,Hr_min,Hr_max
~25739~;
- 156 -
3390 ELSE
3400 Low window=INT(-Avg hr~
3410 High_window=Low_window+250.
3420 WINDOW 0,1024,Low_window,High_window
3430 END IF
3440 FOR I=0 TO 1023
3450 PLOT I,Hr_signal(I)
3460 NEXT I
3470 ICALL Pauser
3480 IF Fftskpflg=l THEN GOTO Skip_fft
3490
3500 I display respirations time series also
3510
3520 IF Resp_dpflg=l THEN
15 3530 Max_resp=~AX(Hpib_bufferl(*))
3540 Min_resp=MIN(Hpib_bufferl(*))
3550 IF Mean_hr>100 THEN
3560 VIEWPORT 0,64,50,65
3570 ELSE
3580 VIEWPORT 0,64,75,90
3590 END IF
3600 WINDOW 0,1023,Min_resp,Max_resp
3610 MOVE 0,Hpib_bufferl(0)
3620 FOR I=l TO 1023
25 3630 PLOT I,Hpib_bufferl(I)
3640 NEXT I
3650 ELSE
3660 Resp_dpflg=0
3670 END IF
3680
3690 I now process heart rate data with waveform
analysis package
3700 I make sure the hr_signal has zero mean
3710
3711 MAT Signal= (0)
3720 Hr_bias=Hr_sigsum/1024
73~
- 157 -
3730 FOR I=0 TO 1023
3740 Signal(I)=Hr signal~ Hr_bias
3750 NEXT I
3751 Hr var=DOT(Signal,Signal)/1024
3760 Plotbox=2
3770 DISP "HR fft in process"
3780 CALL Wf analyzer(Pacing rate)
3790
3800 ! now process respiration data with waveform
analysis package
3810
3820 MAT Signal= (0)
3830 FOR I=0 TO 1023
3840 Signal(I)=Hpib_bufferl(I)
3850 NEXT I
3860 Signal_avg=SUM(Signal)/1024.
3870 MAT Signal= Signal-(Signal_avg)
3880 Plotbox=4
3881 Respvar=DOT(Signal,Signal)/1024
3890 DISP "RESP fft in process"
3900 CALL Wf_analyzer(Pacing rate)
3901 PRINT "hr var,respvar":Hr_var;Respvar
3902 PRINT "fft vars: ";Ffthrvar,Fftrespvar
3910 Trend dp=0 !trend graph not displayed
3920
3930 I waveform analysis completed, compile trends and
store in temporary file
3940
3950 Mean_hr_t(T_ptr)=Mean_hr
3960 Lfa_t(T_ptr)=Lfa
3970 Rfa_t(T_ptr)=Rfa
3980 Ratio_t(T_ptr)=Peakratio
3990 Meas_resp_t(T_ptr)=Meas_resp
4000 T_ptr=T_ptr+l
4010 IF Hdcopyflg=l THEN
4011 DUMP DEVICE IS 701
~2:~73~i
- 158 -
4020 DUMP GRAPH I C S
4030 PRINTER IS 701
4040 PRINT "hr=";Mean hr
4050 PRINT "lfa=";Lfa
5 4060 PRINT "rfa=";Rfa
4070 PRINT "ratio";Peakratio
4080 PRINT "RR";Meas_resp
4090 PRINT "transfer#";T_ptr
4091 PRINT "hr_var,respvar";Hr_var;Respvar
10 4092 PRINT "fft vars: ";Ffthrvar,Fftrespvar
4100 PRINTER IS 1
4110 END IF
4120
4130 ! continue with data collection
4140
4150 Skip_fft: !
4160 IF Num_xfer_left<=0 THEN
4170 GOTO Eo_blk_xfer
4180 ELSE
4190 DISP Num_xfer_left;"transfers remaining"
4200 WAIT 3
4210 GOTO Blk_xfer
4220 END IF
4230 Eo_blk xfer:End_time=TIMEDATE
4240 Delta_time=End_time-Start_time
4250
4260 Stop_pacing=TIMEDATE
4270 1
4280 Aborter:l
4290 ASSIGN @In_buffer TO *
4300 ASSIGN @In_buffer2 TO *
4310 ASSIGN @Diskbuffer TO *
4320 ASSIGN @Diskbuffer2 TO *
4330 ! ASSIGN @Err_log TO *
4340 ! ASSIGN @Messages TO *
4350 ! ASSIGN @Temp_trend TO *
9~
-- 159 --
4360 CALL Pauser
4370 GRAPHICS OFF
4380 CALL Get_param
4390 1 ASSIGN @Err log TO "errs"&Id_
field$&":HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
4400 1 ASSIGN @Messages TO "msgs"&Id_
field$~":HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
4410 IF Num_pts=0 THEN GOTO Begin
4420 GOTO Setup_scan
4430 END
4440
4450
4460
4470
4480
4490 SUB Pauser
4500 DISP "press CONTINUE to continue"
4510 P~USE
4520 DISP
4530 SUBEND
4540
4550
4560
4570
4580
4590 SUB Get_param
4600 COM /Multi_param/ Start_chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num_pt
s,Num_xfer,Num_xfer_left,Name_len,Scr_
file$[28],Scr_
~ile2$[28]
4610 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_t(*),Rfa_
t(*),Ratio_t(*),T_ptr,Time_now
l,Meas_resp_t(*)
35 4620 COM /Vitaldata/ Rfa,Lfa,Peakratio,Meas_
resp,Next_time
lZ~3~
- 160 -
4630 COM /Idfield/ Id field$
4640 DIM Mo$[24]
4650 Mo$="JAFBMRAPMYJNJLAUSPOCNODC"
4660 INTEGER Id buffer(255) BUFFER
4670 Disk name$=":HP8290X,700,1"
4680 Oldmsg:PRINT CHR$(12)
4690 1
4700 1
4710 Ch sel:l
4720 Start_chan=0
4730 Stop_chan=0
4740
4750 Pacing_bits=0
4760 Pacing_sel:l
4770 Base$="M"
4780 Pacing_bits=261
4790
4800 Base$=Base$&"SEC"
4810
4820
4830 I FINDOUT BLOCKSIZE FOR DATA TRANSFER
4840
4850 Get xfer:DISP "Enter number of transfers: (0 -
change scan, <0 - quit)"
4860 OUTPUT 2;55;
4870 ENTER 2;Num xfer
4880 IF Num xfer<0 THEN !...... terminate program
4890 INPUT "to lose trend data type
'lose"',Response$
4900 IF Response$<>"1Ose" THEN
4910 CREATE BDAT
"teasertrnd:HP8290X,700,1",19,256
4920 ASSIGN @Trndfile TO
"teasertrnd:HP8290X,700,1";FORMAT OFF
35 4930 OUTPUT @Trndfile;Mean hr t(*),Lfa_
t(*),Rfa_t(*),Ratio_t(*),Me
- 161 -
as_resp t(*),T_ptr
4940 ASSIGN @Trndfile TO *
4950 END IF
4960 DISP "PROGRAM COMPLETED"
4970 STOP
4980 END IF
4990 IF Num_xfer=0 THEN
5000 Num_pts=0
5010 SUBEXIT
5020 END IF
5030 !
5040 I since new data is to be taken, zero the trend
graphs (120 pts=8hrs)
5050 !
5060 MAT Mean_hr_t= (0)
5070 l~AT Rfa_t= (O)
5080 MAT Lfa_t= (O)
5090 MAT Ratio_t= (O)
5100 MAT Meas_resp_t= (0)
5110 T_ptr=0
5120 Ratio_t(0)=1 !.. prevent trend graph errors on
startup
5130 Rfa=0
5140 Lfa=0
5150 Meas_resp=0
5160 Peakratio=l
5170 !
5180 Intvl_sel:DISP "ENTER PAGING RATE (IN
";Base$[1,4];"):"
5190 OUTPUT 2;250;
5200 ENTER 2;Pacing_rate
5210 IF Pacing_rate<0 OR Pacing_rate>65535 THEN
GOTO Intvl_sel
5220
5230 Num_pts=1024*Num_xfer
5240 Num_header=256+8*Num_xfer
7395
- 162 -
5250 INPUT "type in date on which data was
taken",~atdate$
5251 INPUT "is trend file named 'trnd' (l) or
'temp trend' (2)?",File_nm
5 5260 Datdate$=DATE$(DATE(Datdate$))
5270 !
5280 ! the data files are named according to the date
5290 1 in the following format:
5300 I xxxxmmddyy
5310 I where
5320 ! xxxx - resp,hr _ ,msgs,errs,trnd
5330 I dd - day
5340 I mm - month
(JA,FB,MR,AP,MY,JN,JL,AU,SP,OC,NO,DC)
5350 I yy - year
5360 Month_now=FNMonth(Datdate$)*2-l
5370 Mm$=Mo$[Month now;2]
5380 Id field$=Datdate$[1;2]&Mm$&Datdate$[10;2]
5390 ! new name for respiratory file: respddmmyy
5391 IF File nm=l THEN
5400 Scr file$="resp"&Id field$&Disk name$
5410 ~ new name for heart rate file: hr_ ddmmyy
5420 Scr file2$="hr _ "&Id field$&Disk_name$
5421 ELSE
25 5422 Scr_file$="AOK"&Disk_name$
5423 Scr_file2$="hrAOK"&Disk_name$
5424 END IF
5430 I new name for errorlog: errsddmmyy
5440 ! new name for message log: msgsddmmyy
5450 ! name for trend summary file: trndddmmyy
5460 Num_rec=-INT(-(Num_pts+Num_header)/128.)
5470 Num_pts=1024
5480 PRINT Num_pts*Num_xfer;"points were
transferred in";Num_xfer;"blocks
of";Num_pts;"points"
5490
1.:2S73~35
- 163 -
5500 Num xfer left=Num xfer
5510 SUBEND
5520
5530
5540
5550
5560 DEF FNMonth(Date now$)
5570 Month$=Date_now$[4;3]
5580 Month=0
10 5590 IF Month$="Jan" THEN Month=l
5600 IF Month$-"Feb" THEN Month=2
5610 IF Month$="Mar" THEN Month=3
5620 IF Month$="Apr" THEN Month=4
5630 IF Month$="May" THEN Month=5
5640 IF Month$="Jun" THEN Month=6
5650 IF Month$="Jul" THEN Month=7
5660 IF Month$="Aug" THEN Month=8
5670 IF Month$="Sep" THEN Month=9
5680 IF Month$="Oct" THEN Month=10
20 5690 IF Month$="Nov" THEN Month=ll
5700 IF Month$="Dec" THEN Month=12
5710 RETURN Month
5720 FNEND
5730 1
5740 1
5750 1
5760 1
5770 1
5780 SUB Rdheader(@Disk,Num_bytes,File_id$)
5790 INTEGER Xheader(7) BUFFER
5800 ASSIGN @Xheader TO BUFFER Xheader(*)
5810 TRANSFER @Disk TO @Xheader;COUNT 16,WAIT
5820 ASSIGN @Xheader TO *
5830 Num_bytes=Xheader(l)
5840 File_id$=CHR$(Xheader(2))
5850 SUBEND
~2-57~9
-- 164 --
5860
5870 !
5880 !
5890 1
5900 !
5910 !
5920 SUB Trend_graph
5930 1
5940 COM /Trends/ Mean_hr_t(*),Lfa_t(*),Rfa_
t(*),Ratio_t(*),T_ptr,Time_now
l,Meas_resp_t(*)
5950 COM /Multi_param/ Start_chan,Stop_chan,Pacing_
bits,Pacing_rate,Num_pt
s,Num_xfer,Num_xfer_left,Name_len,Scr_
file$[28],Scr_
file2$[28]
5960 Block_time=Pacing_rate*1.024/3600.
5970 GINIT
5980 GCLEAR
5990 PRINT CHR$(12)
6000 GRAPHICS ON
6010 PRINT TABXY(1,18);"trend graph"
6020 Beg_time=Time_nowl/3600-Block_time
6030 End_time=Beg_time+Num_xfer*Block_time
25 6040 Ibeg_time=INT(Beg_time)
6050 IF Ibeg_time<Beg_time THEN Ibeg_time=Ibeg_
time+l
6060 !
6070 ! label the time axes
6080 !
6090 VIEWPORT 0,128,45,50
6100 WINDOW Beg_time,End_time,0,1
6110 IF INT(End_time)>Beg_time THEN
6120 LDIR 0
35 6130 FOR T_label=Ibeg_time TO INT(End_time)
6140 MOVE T_label,.5
~Z.~
- 165 -
6150 LORG 5
6160 CSIZE 4
6170 LABEL T_ label
6180 NEXT T_label
6190 END IF
6200 VIEWPORT 0,128,40,45
6210 WINDOW 0,1,0,1
6220 MOVE .5,0
6230 LORG 4
6240 LABEL "Time ( 24 hr)"
6250 !
6260 ! draw the axes
6270 !
6280 VIEWPORT 0,128, 50,100
6290 WINDOW Beg_time,End_time,0,1
6300 AXES 1/15.,.1,Beg_time,0
6310 WINDOW 1,0,1,0
6320 AXES 0,.25,0~0
6330 !
20 6340 ! mean heart rate trends
6350 !
6360 WINDOW -l,Num_xfer,0,200.
6370 MOVE 0,Mean_hr_t(0)
6380 FOR I=0 TO T_ptr-1
25 6390 DRAW I,Mean_hr_t(I)
6400 NEXT I
6410 !
6420 ! lfa trends
6430 !
6440 WINDOW -l,Num_xfer,0,10.
6450 LINE TYPE 4,5
6460 MOVE 0,Lfa_t(0)
6470 FOR I=0 TO T_ptr-l
6480 DRAW I,Lfa_t(I)
6490 NEXT I
6500 !
~25q39S
- 66 -
6510 I rfa trends
~520 1
6530 WINDOW -l,Num_xfer,0,10.
6540 LINE TYPE 5,5
6550 MOVE 0,Rfa_tt0)
6560 FOR I=0 TO T_ptr-l
6570 DRAW I,Rfa_t(I)
6580 NEXT I
6590 1
6600 I ratio trends (with a line at ratio=2)
6610 1
6620 WINDOW -l,Num_xfer,-2.5,2.5
6630 LINE TYPE 8,5
6640 MOVE 0,LGT(Ratio_t(0))
6650 FOR I=0 TO T_ptr-l
6660 DRAW I,LGT(Ratio_t(I))
6670 NEXT I
6680 LINE TYPE 3,5 !.. sparsely dotted line at
ratio=2
6690 MOVE 0,LGT(2.)
6700 DRAW T_~tr-l,LGT(2.)
6710 1
6720 I respiration trends
6730 1
6740 WINDOW -l,Num_xfer,0,200
6750 LINE TYPE 5,10
6760 MOVE 0,Meas_resp_t(0)
6770 FOR I=0 TO T_ptr-l
6780 DRAW I,Meas_resp t(I)
6790 NEXT I
6800 1
6810 I draw a key for line types
6820 1
6830 VIEWPORT 64,128,0,50
6840 WINDOW 0,1,0,13
6850 PRINT TABXY(55,15);"mean hr(0-200)"
12i5~
- 167 -
6860 PRINT TABXY(55,16);"lfa (0-10)"
6870 PRINT TABXY(55,17);"rfa (0-10)"
6880 PRINT TABXY(55,18);"ratio(.01-100)"
6890 LINE TYPE 1,5
6900 MOVE .8,11
6910 DRAW 1.,11
6920 LINE TYPE 4,5
6930 MOVE .8,10
6940 DRAW 1.,10
6950 LINE TYPE 5,5
6960 MOVE .8,9
6970 DRAW 1.,9
6980 LINE TYPE 8,5
6990 MOVE .8,8
7000 DRAW 1.,8
7010 LINE TYPE 1,5
7020 SUBEND
~ 73
- 168 -
' CALIB ~ program to calibrate instruments using
board#l
' last revision: 4 April 1985
defint a-y ' only z denotes a real number
dim buffer(12800)
hrbpm=0
zfqlow=0.
zfqres=0.
zlfa=0.
zrfa=0.
cls
'define ports on 8253
timerO=&h720
timerl=&h721
timer2=&h722
con8253=&h723
' set timer modes to 16 bit square wave rate
generators
out con8253,&h36
out con8253,&h76
out con8253,&hB6
'for testing set timer 0 to lOOHz timebase
'2.38MHz/23864: 23864=93*256+56
'set timer 0 to 1280Hz timebase
'(2.38MHz/1864) (1864=7*256+72)
'set timer 1 as a lHz clock at startup
'(gives a heart rate signal at
~2
- 169 -
'60bpm) 'set timer 2 as a flip flop
out timerO,56
out timerO,93
out timerO,72
out timerO,7
out timerl,O
out timerl,5
hrbpm=60
out timer2,2
out timer2,0
' turn the gates on using the 8255 at bits 0,1,2
on portc
porta=~H700
portb=&H708
portc=&H710
con8255=~H718
' first set all 8255 ports to output, then set
portc to OFF~
out con8255,128
out portc,&HOFF
' first print out the present value of the
interrupt vectors
locate 4,1
gosub 10000
' install the interrupt with a dummy buffer and
print vectors
reseter=256
call wrbuffer(reseter)
- 170 -
reseter=128
call wrbuffer(reseter)
call instint
locate 5,1
gosub 10000
' now go through required startup subroutines
gosub 90 ' set up breathing
lO signal
gosub 70 ' set up heart rate
variations
gosub 50 ' put some information
on screen
gosub 80 ' turn D/A on
locate 1,1
print "commands: h(rvar),i(nt
on),q(uit),r(beats),b(reath),c(ounts)"
' wait until user hits a key
savekey$=""
40 while
len(savekey$)=O:savekey$=savekey$+inkey$:wend
if savekey$="r" then gosub 50 'print heart
beats
if savekey$="q" then goto 9996 'quit
if savekey$="c" then gosub 60 'print timers
if savekey$="h" then gosub 70 'set up heart
rate
' variations
if savekey$="i" then gosub 80 'unmask
interrupts
if savekey$="b" then gosub 90 'set up
breathing signal
savekey$=""
,
~ 5~73
- 171 -
goto 40
'print present value of heartbeats
5 50 locate 7,1
call rdbeattn)
print "present heart beats are: ";n;time$
return
' print present value of counters
out control,O 'latch timerO
tlowO=inp(timerO)
thighO=inp(timerO)
out control,&h40 'latch timerl
tlowl=inp(timerl)
thighl=inp(timerl)
out control,&h80 'latch timer2
tlow2=inp(timer2)
thigh2=inp(timer2)
locate 8,1
print "timerO: ";tlowO+thighO*16;tab(20);"
timerl:
";tlowl+thighl*16;
print tab(40);"timer2: ";tlow2+thigh2*16
return
' set up the heart rate variations
' respiratory frequency is given by
1280Hz/buffer
-' length
' low frequency is 1280Hz/low frequency
divider
~ 3
- 17~ ~
if numval<=0 then beep:print "setup analog
buffer
first":return
71 locate 17,1
print "present lfa,rfa(bpm)= ";zlfa,zrfa,"at
freqs(Hz):
";zfqlow,zfqres
input "lfa,rfa,low freq: ",zlfan,zrfan,zfqlown
if zlfan>~0. then beep:goto 71 else zlfa=zlfan
if zrfan>30. then beep:goto 71 else zrfa=zrfan
if zfqlown<.02 or zfrlown>zfqres then beep:goto
71 else
zfqlow=zfqlown
locate 21,1
print "mean heart rate(bpm)= ";hrbpm
72 locate 22,1
input "new mean heart rate(bpm): ",newhrbpm
if newhrbpm>l50 or newhrbpm<30 then beep:goto 72
else
hrbpm=newhrbpm
'clear screen after input
locate 17,1
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
' now compute values for hrsetup subroutine
meandiv=76803#/hrbpm '1280*60 ticks/min gives
ticks/beat
rfascal=76800#/(hrbpm-zrfa)-76800#/(hrbpm+zrfa)
' rfascal is the total excursion
of
' respiration
. .
1~ S73
- 173 -
lfascal=76800#/(hrbpm-zlfa)-76800#/(hrbpm+zlfa)
' lfascal is the total excursion
of low frequency
lowdiv=meandiv-(rfascal+lfascal)/2#
tbaserst=1280#/zfqlow
locate 17,1
print "tbaserst,rfascal,lfascal,lowdiv:
";tbaserst;rfascal;lfascal;
print lowdiv
call hrsetup(tbaserst,rfascal,lfascal,lowdiv)
return
' print out interrupt controller parameters
locate lO,l
mask=inp(&h21)
if (mask mod 16)<8 then mask=mask+8 else
mask=mask-8
out &h21,mask
mask=inp(&h21)
print "8259 IMR(interrupt mask regsiter)=
";mask;"
=";hex$(mask)
return
' this subroutine will change the analog buffer
locate 12,1
input "enter breathing rate (bpm): ",brate
if brate>75 or brate<7 then beep:goto 90
zfqres=brate/60#
numval=76800#/brate
- 174 -
ztincr=8*ATN(1#)/numval
locate 12,40
color 31:print "calculating respiratory
signal..... .........":color 7
call exstint ' turn off interrupts
while resetting buffer
reseter=256
call wrbuffer(reseter)
for itime=O to numval
ztnow=ztnow+ztincr
analogval=127*(1#+SIN(ztnow))
call wrbuffer(analogval)
next itime
call instint
locate 12,40
print "respiratory signal active now "
return
' exstall the interrupt and print vector
9996 cls
locate 4,1
gosub 10000
call exstint
locate 5,1
gosub 10000
locate 21,1
9999 stop
' subroutine to print out the interrupt vectors
10000 def seg=O
print "IRQ3 @OB*4H: ";hex$(peek(&h2C));"
";hex$(peek(&h2D));" ";
;73
- 175 -
print hex$(peek(&h2E)) "
";hex$(peek(&h2F)); tab( 40 );
print "IRQ4 @OC*4H: ";hex$(peek(&h30~);"
";hex$(peek(&h31));" ";
print hex$(peek(&h32));" ";hex$(peek(&h33))
return
end
~25~9~
- 176 -
page 66,80
; bdzint.asm - an assembler routine to handle interrupts
; from IRQ3
; Last revision: 1 April 1985
;
; 8088 interrupt location
absO segment at O ;absolute memory segment
;allows placement of
;interrupt address
;future timebase
; interrupt handler
; resides at int OB
IRQ3_int dw 2 dup(?);offset value is a word
org OCH*4 ;heart beat interrupt
;handler resides at int
; OC
IRQ4 int dw 2 dup(?);offset value is a word
absO ends
; int_buffer: area to save DOS
; dummy interrupt ptr
int_buffer segment ;data segment containing
;user interrupt buffer
save_int dw4 dup(?);offset for two DOS
~5~3~
- 177 -
;interrupts saved
;to be restored using
;exstint
5 int_buffer ends
; working storage for
; time base interrupts
15 dseg_tbase segment ;data segment for timebase
; interrupt
heartbeats dw ? ;keep track of heart beats
; here (for debugging)
base_rate dw ? ;lowest divisor for heart
; rate
lfa_scal db ? ;low frequency modulation
rfa_scal db ? ;high frequency modulation
tbase_ctr dw ? ;counter for timebase
; interrupt
;(use for low frequency
; generation)
tbase_rst dw ? ;reset value for tbase_ctr
; used to set low frequency
tbase_ptr dw ? ;pointer to present analog
; value
tbase_len dw ? ;length of analog data buffer
tbase_buffer db 2800dup(?) ;buffer for A/D values
dseg_tbase ends
~s~
- 178 -
; setup structures to allow access to;
; arguments pased by BASIC
; subroutine rdbeat~BASIC_beats)
frame_rd struc ;define the stack
;structure for passing
;arguments to BASIC
savebpl dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveretl dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
BASIC_beats dw ? ;place to return heart
;beats to BASIC
frame rd ends
;subroutine wrbuffer (analog)
frame_wr struc ;define the stack structure
; for passing
;arguments from BASIC to
; analog buffer
savebp2 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveret2 dd ? ;return offset and segment
; pushed by BASIC
analog dw ? ;place to receive analog value
; from BASIC
frame_wr ends
;subroutine hrsetup(B_lreset,
; Brfa_scal,Blfa_scal,Bbase_
; rate)
frame_hr struc ;define the stack structure for
; passing
;arguments from BASIC to heart
; rate controls
- 179 -
savebp3 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveret3 dd ? ;return offset and segment pushed
; by BASIC
Bbase_rate dw ? ;BASIC's lowest divider for heart
; rate
Blfa_scal dw ? ;BASIC's low frequency scaler
; (amplitude)
Brfa_scal dw ? ;BASIC's high frequency scaler
; (amplitude)
10 B_lreset dw ? ;BASIC's low frequency timer
; reset value
frame_hr ends
;......... code segment begins here
cseg_calibs segment 'code'
basic_dgroup group data,stack,const,heap,memory
;defining link to BASIC
porta equ 0700H ;port definitions for
;8255 port expander
portb equ 0708H ;these addresses are
;decoded on the homemade
portc equ 0710H ;board
control equ 0718H ;control word in the
;8255
timerO equ 0720H ;8253 timerO register
timerl equ 0721H ;8253 timerl register
timer2 equ 0722H ;8253 timer2 register
con8253 equ 0723H ;8253 control register
; timebase interrupt handler (not accessible to;
; BASIC)
;this routine reads the A/D every timerO
~Z~i~739~;
- 180 -
;tick
;with the next point in the analog
:buffer
tbase_intproc far ;this procedure is not
;made public
assume cs:cseg_sync,ds:dseg_
base,es:nothing,ss:nothing
push ax ;save registers used
;during interrupt
push bx
push dx
push ds
mov ax,dseg_base ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov ds,ax
;.......... increment counter used for
;low frequency generation
dec tbase_ctr ;decrement
;interrupt counter
jnz ctr_ok ;if not zero then
;continue
mov ax,tbase_rst ;else reload reset
;value
mov tbase_ctr,ax
ctr_ok:
;.......... .......get analog value from
;buffer and send to DAC
5mov bx,tbase_ptr ;get pointer to
~x:s~9s
- 181 -
;analog data
dec bx
mov al,tbase_buffer[bx] ;get analog
;value
mov dx,porta :send analog value
;to DAC
out dx,al
mov dx,control ;toggle the write
;latch for the DAC
mov al,6 ;by using direct
;bit reset
out dx,al ;and
inc al ;reset commands
out dx,al
dec tbase_ptr ;point to next
;value
jnz tbase_eoi ;if zero, reset
;pointer
mov ax,tbase_len ;reset with buffer
;length
mov tbase_ptr,ax
;.......... acknowledge interrupt to
; 8259A
tbase_eoi: mov al,20H ;send EOI to 8259A
out 20H,al
pop ds ;restore registers which
;were used
POP dx
Pop bx
POP ax
iret ;return to place where
~Z~7~5
- 182 ~
;interrupt occurred
debugmsgl db 'this is the end of the time
base interrupt'
tbase_int endp
; heart beat interrupt handler (not accessible ;
; to BASIC)
;this routine updates the timerl rate generator
;every heart beat with the divider necessary to
;generate the next heart beat
;
;the respiratory modulation is given by a scaler
; (0-255)
;times the present value of the respiratory
; signal.
;the low frequency modulation is gi~en by scaler
; (0-255)
;times a value selected from the respiratory
; buffer.
;the value selected is the
; (tbase_ctr/tbase_rst)*buffer_length
;element
hbeat_int proc far ;this procedure is not
;made public
assume cs:cseg_calibs,ds:dseg_tbase
assume es:nothing,ss:nothing
- 183 -
push ax ;sa^ve registers during
;interrupt
push bx
push cx
push dx
push ds
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov ds,ax
inc heartbeats ;increment heart
; beat counter
;....... calculate low frequency modulation
; (the tbase buffer is used as a trig
; table here)
mov ax,tbase_ctr ;get number of 1280Hz
;pulses
dec ax
mul tbase_len ;scale by length of
; respiratory
; buffer
div tbase_rst ;divided by reset
;value to get
pointer
mov bx,ax ;to low frequency
; modulation
mov al,tbase_buffer[bx] ;get sinusoidal
; modulation
mul lfa scal ;and scale
; appropriately
mov cx,ax ;cx accumulate
;divider for 1280Hz
clock
~7~5
- 1~4 -
;...... .calculate respiratory modulation
mov bx,tbase_ptr ;get present
;respiration signal
mov al,tbase_buffer[bx] ;from buffer
mul rfa_scal ;scale with rfa scaler
add cx,ax ;and add to cx
add cx,base_rate ;finally add base rate
;to get
; value for
;timerl (heart rate
;generator on
; 8253)
;...... send new divider to 8253 timer
mov al,76H ;set timer 1 to square
; wave
; generator
mov dx,con8253
out dx,al
mov dx,timerl ;send divider to
;timel
mov al,cl ;low byte first
out dx,al
mov al,ch ;high byte next
out dx,al
;...................... ........acknowledge interrupt to
; 8259A
mov al,20H ;send EOI to 8259A
out 20H,al
pop ds ;restore registers and
POP dx
POP cx
1~739S
- 185 -
PP bx
POP ax
iret ;return to place where
;interrupt occurred
debugmsg2 db 'this is the end of the heart
beat interrupt'
hbeat_int endp
; subroutine instint (install_interrupts)
instint proc far
public instint
;public symbol allows external references
;es,ds used to access interrupt and must
; be restored movsw
;uses (ds:si)(es:di) addr
assume cs:cseg_calibs,ss:basic_
dgroup,ds:basic_dgroup
assume es:int_buffer
;...... ~.. save registers
push ds ;save ds register on the
; stack
push es ;save es register on the
; stack
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
; for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
~2 ~ S
- 186 -
,frame reference to
;address of BASIC analog
;data buffer
push ax;save additional
;registers
push si
push di
;set up the segment registers as assumed
mov ax,int_buffer
;es points to buffèr area to save
;DOS dummy interrupt vector
mov es,ax
mov ax,O;ds points to
;absO (interrupt table)
mov ds,ax
assume ds:absO
;setup access to interrupt vectors
lea di,save_int ;load offset of
;save_int in es,di
lea si, IRQ3 int ;load offset of
;IRQ3_ int in ds,si
movsw;save DOS dummy
;interrupt vectors to be
movsw;restored later
movsw;now saving IRQ4
movsw
;install the DAC timebase ( IRQ3)
mov IRQ3_ int+2,cseg_calibs
mov IRQ3_ int,offset tbase_int;
;interrupt handler now
~2 ~7
- 187 -
;install the heart beat (IRQ4) interrupt handler now
mov IRQ4-int+2~cseg-calibs;
mov IRQ4_int,offset hbeat_int;
;.......... return to BASIC
pop di ;restore additional
registers
pop si
PP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer and
pop es ;segment registers
before returning
pop ds
ret 0 ;delete 0 parameters (0
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg3 db 'this is the end of the
interrupt installation'
instint endp
; subroutine exstint (exstall_
; interrupts)
~:S73~i
- 188 -
exstint proc far
public exstint ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,ss:basic_dgroup
assume ds:int_buffer,es:absO
;es,ds used to access interrupt
;vectors and must be restored
;movsw uses (ds:si)(es:di) addr
;.......... save registers
push ds ;save ds register on the
; stack
push es ;save es register on the
; stack
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
; for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
; frame reference to
;access arguments passed
; by BASIC (none here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push si
push di
;set up the segment
; registers as assumed
mov ax,O ;es points to
;absO (interrupt table)
mov es,ax
mov ax,int_buffer ;ds points to
;buffer area to save
mov ds,ax ;DOS dummy
;interrupt vector
~z~;7:~9~;
- 189 -
;setup access to interrupt vectors
lea di,IRQ3_int ;load offset of
;IRQ3_int in es,di
lea si,save_int ;load offset of
;save_int in ds,si
movsw;restore DOS
;dummy interrupt vectors
movsw;for IRQ3
movsw;and IRQ4
movsw
;.......... return to BASIC
pop di ;restore additional
; registers
Pop s i
Pop ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
pop es ;pointer and segment
pop ds ;registers before
;returning
ret 0 ;delete 0 parameters (0
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg4 db 'this is the end of the
interrupt exstallation'
exstint endp
,
~2`~ 9~;
-- 190 --
; subroutine rdbeat (read_heart_beats
rdbeat proc far
public rdbeat ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,es:dseg_tbase
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
;.......... save registers5
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
;for return to BASIC.
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC (one here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push es
push di
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov es,ax
mov ax,heartbeats ;get
;beats from local memory
mov di,[bp~.BASIC_beats
mov [di],ax ;send
~;25~73~
191
;beats to 8ASIC
;..... O.... return to BASIC
pop di ;restore additional
registers
pop es
PP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer,
ret 2 ;delete 2 parameters (4
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg5 db 'this is the end of the heart
beat read routine'
rdbeat endp
; subroutine wrbuffer(analog)
wrbuffer proc far
public wrbuffer ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,es:dseg_tbase
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
;......... save registers
~73~
- 192 -
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
;for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC (one here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push bx
push es
push si
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov es,ax
mov si,[bp].analog ;get analog value
;from BASIC
mov ax,[si]
test ah,OFFH ;if upper byte is
;zero
jz new_buff ;then install a
; new point in
; the buffer
mov tbase_len,0 ;otherwise reset
;the buffer
mov tbase_ptr,l
jmp wr_ret
mov bx,tbase_len ;get present
;pointer and
;use it
mov tbase buffer[bx],al ;to store
; buffer value
inc tbase_len ;point to next
;buffer value
~2S73~5
- 193 -
;.......... return to B~SIC
pop si ;restore additional
;registers
wr_ret: pop es ;wr_ret:
pop bx
Pp ax
pop bp ;restore B~S~C's base
;pointer,
ret 2 ;delete 1 parameters (2
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg6 db 'this is the end of the buffer
write routine'
wrbuffer endp
; subroutine hrsetup(B_lreset,Brfa_scal,Blfa_scal,
; Bbase_rate)
proc far
public hrsetup ;public symbol allows
external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,es:dseg_tbase
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
;........... save registers
~S~5
194 -
push bp ;save BASIC base
;pointer for return
;to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer
;at frame
;reference to
;access arguments
;passed by BASIC
;(one here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push es
push si
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for
;data area
mov es,ax
mov si,[bp].Bbase_rate ;get lowest
;divisor for heart
mov ax,[si] ;rate from BASIC
mov base_rate~ax ;and save in local
; data
; segment
mov si,[bp],Blfa_sacl ;get low freq
; modulation
; scale
mov ax,[si] ; from BASIC
mov lfa_scal,al ;and save LSbyte in
;local data
; segment
~q5q~5
- 195 ~
mov si,[bp].Brfa_scal ;~et high freq
; modulation scale
mov ax,[si] ;from BASIC
mov rfa_scal,al ;and save
;LSbyte in local data
;segment
mov si,[bp].B_lreset ;get low freq
; timer reset value
mov ax,[si] ;from BASIC
mov tbase_rst,ax ;and save in
; local data segment
;.......... return to BASIC
pop si ;restore additional
;registers
pop es
pop ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC ' s base
;pointer,
ret 8 ;delete 4 parameters (8
; bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
; calling routine
debugmsg 7 db 'this is the end of the heart rate
setup routine'
30 hrsetup endp
cseg_calibs ends
end
~s~
-- 196 --
:~lZ~i73
-- 197 --
APPENDIX B
1985 - Makoto R. Arai
Laura E. McAlpine, and
Daivd Gordon
' SYNCTSl9 - program to test synchrounous data
acquisition and also
' test asynchronous processing using
' board#2
addition: asynchronous data
archiving (poll driven)
reviewing old data
' last revision. 15 May 1985
' REQUIRED SUBROUTINES: <MODULE>
instint(fdbuflptr,fdbuf2ptr,fdbuf3ptr)
' <SYNC7S>
' exstint <SYNC7S>
rdbeat(heart,sync) <SYNC7S>
rdbuf(dataptr,bufferno) <SYNC7S>
' rdptrs(adrd,hbrd,adflag,hbflag) <SYNC7S>
' swindow(xmins,xmaxs,ymins,ymaxs)
<GWINDOW3>
dwindow(xmind,xmaxd,ymind,ymaxd)
<GWINDOW3>
' clrwindw <GWINDOW3>
' axes <GWINDOW3>
scaler(dataptr,gdataptr,numval)
<GWINDOW3>
' fgraph(dataptr,numval,xnow,linemask)
' <FGRAPH8>
' [for scaled graphs, use
~ 2.~73~5
- 198 -
xnow=xmins,numval=numvalg=xmaxs-xmins+l,
and gdataptr]
' dumpgr [to dump graphics] <DUMPGR>
defint a-y ' only z denotes a real number
defdbl z
dim zreal(514),zrimag(514),zdata(1025)
dim ydata(1025),ydatag(1025)
dim hbl(1025),hb2(1025),zhr(1025)
dim zspec.hb.real(512),zspec.hb.imag(512)
dim sresetval(5),resprstval(5)
dim linetype(3),histogram(100)
def fnzmag(zl,z2)=zl*zl+z2*z2
def fnzcoher(zrl,zil,zr2,zi2)=fnzmag
(zrl*zr2+zil*zi2,zil*zr2-zrl*zi2)
' initialize timer reset values
1 sval=27 : for i=l to 5 sresetval(i)=sval :
sval=sval+sval : next i
2 sval=1381 : for i=0 to 3 : resprstval(i)=sval :
sval-sval+sval : next i
3 resprstval(4)=sval
' define fft parameters
4 fftsize=1024 : npair=fftsize/2 :
znpair=cdbl(npair) : lpower=9
for i=0 to 514 : zreal(i)=0# : zrimag(i)=0# :
next i
datacycle=0
7~
-- 199 --
flag for automatic fft: when non-zero,
marks stage of data
' processing (semi asynchronous)
cyclewait=0
' define linetype for plots
linetype(O)=&HFFFF
linetype(l)=&HAAAA
linetype(2)=&HCCCC
linetype(3)=&HFAFA
re~.cls=O
sounder=l
'define ports on 8253
lS timerO=&h704
timerl=&h705
timer2=&h706
con8253=&h707
'define ports on 8255
porta=&H7lC
portb=&H7lD
portc=&H71E
con8255=&H71F
' set up sampling rate for heart rate timer and
' respirations
gosub lOO
' first set 8255 ports A,C to output, port B to
' input
' turn the gates on using the 8255 at bits 0,1,2
~2S7-3~3
- 200
on portc
' by setting portc to lFH
' this also selects channel O for the A/D
out con8255,130
out portc,&HlF
' now go through re~uired startup subroutines to
' set up data archives
open "R",l,"resp.dat",2048
open "R",2,"hbl.dat",2048
open "R",3,"hb2.dat",2048
open "R",lO,"trends.dat",128
31 field #1,2048 as analog$
field #2,2048 as fdhbl$
field #3,2048 as fdhb2$
field #10,128 as trends$
fdflag=0
fdrecord=l
recordlno=0 : record2no=0 : record3no=0 :
recordlOno=O
adflaglst=O : hbflaglst=O
fdbuflptr=varptr(#1)+188 ' set up
'pointers to disk buffers
fdbuf2ptr=varptr(#2)+188
fdbuf3ptr=varptr(#3)+188
'......... field definitions for
' trend data file
field #10,8 as hr$,8 as rr$,8 as rcf$,8
as lfa$,8 as rfa$,8 as coher$
field #10,48 as dummyl$,8 as ratio$,8
as cratio$,8 as hrintegral$
3LZS7~5
- 201 -
field #10,72 as dummy2$,8 as respintegral$,8
as timestamp$
field #10,120 as dummy3$,2 as hbrecord$,2
as adrecord$
field #10,124 as dummy4$,2 as hbeat$,2
as samplrate$
' first print out the present value of the
' interrupt vectors
locate 23,1 : gosub 20000
gosub 19000
' make sure interrupts are off before installing
' handlers
mask=inp(&h21) : mask=mask or 24 : out &h21,mask
' install the interrupts
call instint(fdbuflptr,fdbuf2ptr,fdbuf3ptr)
locate 24,1 : gosub 20000
gosub 19000
' turn interrupts back on
mask=inp(6h21) : mask=mask and 6hOe7 : out
&h21,mask
locate 1,1 : gosub 20000
print "commands: c(ounts), f(ft), g(raph),
i(in on), q(uit), r(beats)";
print "s(tore), xtcls), #(samples);
' wait until user hits a key
41 savekey$=""
~2~39~;
- 202 -
while len(savekey$)=0 and datacycle<=0
savekey$=savekey$+inkey$:gosub 30000:locate
24,70:print time$;:wend
while datacycle=l
fdrecord=recordlno : fdflag=l
'set up future A/D analysis
analrec.ad=recordlno : analrec.hr=record2no+1
if req.cls=l then cls : re~.cls=0
'clear screen if needed
gosub 9S0 '....... analyze heart rate
42 hrspecsum#=zspectsum*2#
gosub 900 '....... .....analyze A/D data (from floppy
43 respspecsum#=zspectsum*2#
gosub 15000
' calculate spectral amplitudes
gosub 16000
save trend data
datacycle=cyclewait : wend
'end auto data analysis cycle
49
if savekey$=~'c" then gosub 60
' print timer counts
if savekey$="f" then gosub 900
' fft A/D buffer contents
if savekey$="F" then gosub 950
' fft heart rate buffer contents
if savekey$="g" then gosub 12700
- 203 -
' graph current A/D buffer
if savekey$="G" then gosub 12710
' graph current heart rate buffer
if savekey$="h" then gosub 90
' (no) plot histogram
if savekey$="p" then gosub 91
' (no) print trends
if savekey$="i" then gosub 80
' unmask interrupt 3
if savekey$="I" then gosub 81
'unmask interrupt 4
if savekey$="q" then goto 9996
' quit
if savekey$="r" then gosub 50
' print heart beats
if savekey$="S" then gosub 800
' analyze data in disk file (set fdflag)
if savekey$="t" then gosub 16500
' print out the trends
if savekey$="x" then cls 'clear screen
if savekey$="#" then gosub 100
' reset sampling rate
lf savekey$="?" then gosub 700 'help
savekey$=""
goto 41
'print present value of heartbeats
locate 24,1 : gosub 20000
call rdbeat(heart,sync)
print "heart beats: ";heart,"sync pulses:
";sync;time$;
return
73~;
- 204 -
' print present value of counters
out con8253,0 'latch timerO
tlowO=inp(timerO)
thighO=inp(timerO)
out con8253,&h40 'latch timerl
tlowl=inp(timerl)
thighl=inp(timerl)
out con8253,&h80 'latch timer2
tlow2=inp(timer2~
thigh2=inp(timer2)
locate 24,1 : gosub 20000
print "timerO: ";tlowO+thighO*256;tab(20);"
timerl: ";tlowl+thighl*256;
61 print tab(40);"timer2: ";tlow2+thigh2*256#;
return
' print out interrupt controller parameters:
' entry point for IRQ3
mask=inp(&h21) : mask=mask xor 8 : out &h21,mask
goto 82
' entry point for IRQ4
81 mask=inp(&h21) : mask=mask xor 16 : out
6h21,mask
82 mask=inp(&h21)
locate 24,1 : gosub 20000
print "8259 IMR(interrupt mask regsiter)=
";mask;" =";hex$(mask);
return
' (re)set sampling rates
' set timerO to 16 bit square wave rate
~L~ 3~3~
- 205 -
' generator mode
' set timers 1,2 to 16 bit rate generator mode
100 out con8253,&h36
out con8253/&h74
out con8253,~hB4
'......... set real time multiplier
105 locate 23,1 : gosub 20000
input "real time multiplier: ",rt.mult
rt.multqual=O
if rt.mult=l then rt.multqual=l
if rt.mult=2 then rt.multqual=2
if rt.mult=4 then rt.multqual=3
if rt.mult=8 then rt.multqual=4
if rt.multqual<>O then goto 110
beep : goto 105
' get heart rate resolution desired to reset
' timerO reset value
110 locate 1,1 : gosub 20000
input "heart rate resolution: (11,23,45,91,131
usec) ",hrresol
' check heart rate resolution validity
hrqual=O
if hrresol=ll then hrqual=l
if hrresol=23 then hrqual=2
if hrresol=45 then hrqual=3
if hrresol=91 then hrqual=4
if hrresol=181 then hrqual=5
if hrqual<>O then sreset=sresetval(hrqual) :
goto 120
beep : goto 110
' invalid heart rate resolution
- ~06 -
'set timer 0 to 88384Hz
'timebase (11.3 usec res
' sreset=27 '(2.38MHz/27)(max resp
'samples then 64Hz)
'set timer 0 to 44192Hz
'timebase (22.6 usec res
' sreset=54 '(2.38MHz/54)(max resp
'samples then 32Hz)
'set timer 0 to 22096Hz
'timebase (45.3 usec res
' sreset=108 '(2.38MHz/108)(max resp
'samples then 16Hz)
'set timer 0 to 11048Hz
'timebase (90.5 usec res
' sreset=216 '(2.38MHz/216)(max resp
'samples then 8Hz)
'set timer 0 to 5524Hz
timebase (181 usec res
' sreset=432 ' (2.38MHz/432)(max resp
samples then 4Hz)
'.......... set respiratory sampling rate
120 locate 2,1 : gosub 20000
print "respiratory sampling rate: ( 4~;
twopwr=4 : for i=hrqual+rt.multqual to 5 :
twopwr=twopwr+twopwr
print using ",##";twopwr; : next i : print "
Hz) ";
input respsampl
~7~5i
- 207 -
' check respiratory sampling rate validity
respqual=O : respsampl.eff=respsampl*rt.mult
if respsampl=4 then respqual=1
if respsampl=8 then respqual=2
if respsampl=16 then respqual=3
if respsampl=32 then respqual=4
if respsampl=64 then respqual=5
if respqual=O or respqual+hrqual+rt.multqual>7
then beep : goto 120
resprst=resprstval(7-hrqual-respqual-
rt.multqual)
'......... set cycle delay time between
' analyses
130 locate 3,1 : gosub 20000
input "waiting time between cycles: ",dropcycle
if dropcycle<O or dropcycle>5 then beep : goto
130
cyclewait=O-dropcycle
out timerO,(sreset mod 256)
' system timebase generated here out
' timerO,(sreset\256)5
out timerl,(resprst mod 256)
' timer 1 counts timebase and outputs out
timerl,(resprst\256)
' the respiratory sampling rate0
out timer2,0
' set timer 2 as an overflow counter for the
out timer2,0
' number of overflows (65536 counts)
~;7~5
- 208 -
200 timer2Over#=65536#
' overflow value for timer2
201 zlover=resprst ' reset count for timerl
202 zlfreq=14318180#/6#/sreset
' timerl input clock frequency
203 zhrsampler=zlover/zlfreq
' timerl output=sampling interval
204 segment.time=fftsize*zhrsampler
205 zlfreq.real=zlfreq/rt.mult
' real time used to calculate HR
206 zhrsampler.real=zlover/zlfreq.real
'......... respiratory peak search
' parameters
210 minrespfrq#=.2#
' start at frequency (in pixels)
211 minresp=minrespfrq#/respsampl*1024
212 combwidth#=.032#
use comb tooth width (in pixels)
213 combpix=combwidth#/respsampl*1024
214 if combpix<=0 then combpix=0
'......... low frequency
peak/integration parameters
220 pixel.04=cint(40.96#/fftsampl)+l
' pixel for .04Hz
221 pixel.10-cint(102.4#/fftsampl)+l
' pixel for .lOHz
222 fft.expansion=respsampl/fftsampl
if datacycle=0 then datacycle=-l
if recordlno=0 then return
' on startup don't delay
' exclude the current data segment
' from analysis since changes in
' sampling rate will introduce glitches
~2~ 95
- 209 -
return
' set floppy disk flag (fdflag) to analyze data
' stored on floppy (resp)
800 fdflag=l
locate 23,1 : gosub 20000 : input "record
number: ",fdrecord
if fdrecord>=l and fdrecord<=recordlno then
gosub 12700 : return
locate 24,1 : gosub 20000 : beep : print
"invalid record number";
return
' set up data for fft here
' get analog data from the A/D
900 gosub 12700 ' get analog data and plot
901 for i=l to fftsize : zdata(i)=ydata(i) : next i
902 locate 23,1 : gosub 20000 : print "A/D buffer is
transformed";
xmins=330 : xmaxs=630 : ymins=102 : ymaxs=167
call swindow(xmins,xmaxs,ymins,ymaxs)
glabel=3 ' plot label is "resp spect"
gosub 10000 ' fft
return
' get heart rate data for fft
950 locate 23,1 : gosub 20000 : print "heart rate is
transformed";
951 gosub 12710 ' get hr function and plot it
- 210 -
952 for i=l to fftsize : zdata(i)=zhr(i) : next i
953 xmins=330 : xmaxs=630 : ymins=28 : ymaxs=93
954 call swindow(xmins,xmaxs,ymins,ymaxs)
955 glabel=4 ' plot label is "hr spect"
956 gosub 10000 ' fft
' save spectrum in spec.hr buffers
960 for i=0 to 512
961 zspec.hb.real(i)= zreal(i) :
zspec.hb.imag(i)=zrimag(i)
962 next i
return
' exstall the interrupt and print vector
9996 cls
' make sure interrupts are off before
removing handlers
mask=inp(&h21) : mask=mask or 24 : out &h21,mask
' remove interrupt handlers
screen 0
locate 4,1
gosub 19000
call exstint
locate 5,1
gosub 19000
locate 21,1
2~
- 211 -
' close files after storing last bit of data
bufferno=0
call rdbuf(fdbuflptr,bufferno)
put #l,recordlno+l
bufferno=l
call rdbuf(fdbuf2ptr,bufferno)
put #2,record2no+1
bufferno=2
call rdbuf(fdbuf3ptr,bufferno)
put #3,record3no+1
close #1,#2,#3,#10
' and quit
9999 stop
' FFT ROUTINE
' set up the data
10000 zreal(0)=0#
10001 zrimag(0)-0#
10002 zreal(npair+1)=0#
10003 zrimag(npair+1)=0#
' compute mean value of array
10004 zmean=0~
10005 for i=1 to fftsize : zmean=zmean+zdata(i)
: next i
10006 zmean=zmean/1024#
~2~
- 212 -
10007 for k=l to npair : j=k+k-l : zreal(k)=zdata
(j)-zmean
10008 zrimag(k)=zdata(j+l)-zmean : next k
10009 ' locate 2~ gosub 20000
10010 ' print "arrays initialized at
' ";time$;space$(20);
' fft routine <fftandift> begins here
10011 ' locate 24,1 : print "entering fft routine at
' ";time$;space$(20);
10012 k=0
10013 for j=l to npair-l : i=2
10014 ndivi=npair/i
10015 if k<ndivi then 10017
10016 k=k-ndivi : i=i+i : goto 10014
10017 k=k+ndivi
10018 i-f k<=j then 10025
10019 za=zreal(j+l)
10020 zreal(j+l)=zreal(k+l)
10021 zreal(k+l)=za
10022 za=zrimag(j+l)
10023 zrimag(j+l)=zrimag(k+l)
10024 zrimag(k+l)=za
10025 next j
10026 ' locate 24,1:print "bit reversal completed at
' ";time$;space$(20);
10030 9=l : zp=l#
10031 for i=l to lpower : gosub 30000
'check if disk requires service
10032 'locate 24,1:print "entering stage ";g;" at
. . .
1~73~
- 213 -
' time ";time$;space$(20);
10033 if i=l then zsign=-l# else zsign=1#
10034 zc=l# : ze=0#
10035 zq2=(1#-zp)/2# : if zq2<=0# then zq=0# : else
zq=sqr(zq2)
10036 zp2=(l#+zp)/2# : if zp2<=0# then zp=0# : else
zp=zsign*sqr(zp2)
10037 itwog=g+g
10040 for r=l to g
10041 for j=r to npair step itwog
k=j+g : if k~npair then print "kjg
over>> ";k;j;g
10042 za=zc*zreal(k)+ze*zrimag(k)
10043 zb=ze*zreal(k)-zc*zrimag(k)
10044 zreal(k) =zreal(j) -za
10045 zrimag(k)=zrimag(j)+zb
10046 zreal(j) =zreal(j) +za
10047 zrimag(j)=zrimag(j)-zb
10048 next j
10049 za=ze*zp+zc*zq
10050 zc=zc*zp-ze*zq
10051 ze=za
10052 next r
10053 g=itwog
10054 next i
10055 'locate 24,1:print "entering final stage at
";time$;space$(20);
10056 gosub 30000
' check if disk requires service
10060 za=4#*atn(1#)/znpair
10061 zp=cos(za)
10062 zq=sin(za)
10063 za=zreal(l)
10064 zreal(l)=za+zrimag(l)
- 214 -
10065 zrimag(l)=za-zrimag(l)
10066 zreal(l)=zreal(l)/2#
10067 zrimag(l)=zrimag(l)/2#
10068 zc=l# : ze=0#
s
10070 j=2
10071 while j<npair/2
10072 za=ze*zp+zc*zq
10073 zc=zc*zp-ze*zq
10074 ze=za
10075 k=npair-j+2
10076 za=zreal(j)+zreal(k)
10077 zb=(zrimag(j)+zrimag(k))*zc-(zreal(j)-
zreal(k))*ze
10078 zu=zrimag(j)-zrimag(k)
10079 zv=(zrimag(j)+zrimag(k))*ze+(zreal(j)-
zreal(k))*zc
10080 zreal(j)=(za+zb)/2#
10081 zrimag(j)=(zu-zv)/2#
10082 zreal(k)=(za-zb)/2#
10083 zrimag(k)=-(zu+zv)/2#
10084 j=j+l : wend
10085 zrimag(npair/2+1)=-zrimag(npair/2+1)
10090 for j=2 to npair
10091 zreal(j)=zreal(j)/znpair/2#
10092 zrimag(j)=zrimag(j)/znpair/2#
10093 next j
10094 zreal(l)=zreal(l)/znpair
10095 zrimag(l)=zrimag(l)/znpair
' fft routine now completed
10100 locate 24,1:print "fft completed
";time$;space$(20);
~739~;
- ~15 -
'... integrate spectrum
sum up the spectrum noting that only the
' first npair elements of
' the fft are valid
(npair+l to fftsize are complex conjugates
of 1 to npair and are
' not calculated)
10101 zspectsum=0#
10102 zsummax=0#
10103 ipeak=-l
10104 for i=l to npair
10105 zadd=fnzmag(zreal(i),zrimagti))
10106 zspectsum=zspectsum+zadd
10107 if zadd<=zsummax then 10110
10108 zsummax=zadd
10109 ipeak=i
10110 next i
20 -
' graphing routine for fft spectra
10111 'locate 1,1 : gosub 20000
10113 'print "total spectral weight
' <variance>:";zspectsum*2#;
10114 'locate 2,1 : gosub 20000
10115 'print "peak weight : ";zsummax;" peak
' frequency= ";
10116 'print (ipeak-l#)/fftsize*respsampl;
10117 gosub 12730
' fgraph of spectrum
10118 return
~2~73~3
- 216 -
_______________________________
' UTILITIY ROUTINES HERE
__________________.
' graphing routine: gets data from A/D buffer
' and displays graph
12700 glabel=l
numpts=fftsize
indata=0
' local flag
indicating data is read while indata=0 and
' fdflag=0
dataptr=varptr(ydata(l))
bufferno=0 'read A/D buffer
call rdbuf(dataptr,bufferno)
indata=l
wend
while indata=0 and fdflag=l
gosub 30000
' check file buffer to see if service is
' required
get #l,fdrecord
for i=l to 1024 :
ydata(i)=cvi(mid$(analog$,i+i-1,2)) : next i
indata=l
wend
xmins=10 : xmaxs=310 : ymins=102 : ymaxs=167
call swindow(xmins,xmaxs,ymins,ymaxs)
xmind=0 : xmaxd=300 : ymind=0 : ymaxd=255
call dwindow(xmind,xmaxd,ymind,ymaxd)
- 217 -
' max A/D value is 255
call clrwindw
call axes
goto 12770
' entry point for plot of heart rate function
12710 screen 2 ' get heart rate function
12711 glabel=2
12712 numpts=fftsize
12713 gosub 13000
12714 ibeg=adrd+2
12715 for i=l to fftsize : if ibeg=i then
ibeg=ibeg-~fftsize
12716 ydata(i)=cint(zhr(ibeg-i)) : next i
xmins=10 : xmaxs=310 : ymins=28 : ymaxs=93
call swindow(xmins,xmaxs,ymins,ymaxs)
xmind=0 : xmaxd=300 : ymind=0 : ymaxd=250
call dwindow(xmind,xmaxd,ymind,ymaxd)
' max hr is 250 bpm
goto 12770
' entry point for plotting spectra (screen
' windows already setup)
12730 zgain=250#/zsummax
12731 for i=l to npair
12732 ydata(i)=cint(zgain*fnzmag
Izreal(i),zrimag(i))) +l
12733 next i
12734 numpts=npair
' max spectral element (scaled to 250)
~ 3~
- 218 -
xmind=0 : xmaxd=300 : ymind=0 : ymaxd=255
call dwindow(xmind,xmaxd,ymind,ymaxd)
12770 call clrwindw
call axes
12780 dataptr=varptr(ydata~1))
gdataptr=varptr(ydatag(l))
call scaler(dataptr,gdataptr,numpts)
'correctly selects screen width
' entry point for plot of ydatag(i)
12790 x=xmins
numvalg=xmaxs-xmins+l
linemask=&hffff
gdataptr=varptr(ydatag(l))
call fgraph(gdataptr,numvalg,x,linemask)
' graph labels printed here
on glabel goto 12800,12810,12820,12830
return 'invalid label
' respirations in time domain
12800 if fdflag=l then locate 14,30 : print
"rec#";fdrecord : fdflag=0
return
' heart rate in time domain
12810 locate 5,3
print using "HR= ### bpm";cint(zavghr)
return
' respiratory spectrum
12820 locate 14,63 : print " Resp Spect ";
locate 15,63 : print using " (
##Hz)";respsampl\2
-- 21g --
gosub 14000
I respiratory rate from spectrum by comb method
locate 14,3
' print respiratory rate with time tracing
print using "RR=### bpm
(rcf=#.###)";cint(respfreq#*60),respcombfrac#
return
' heart rate spectrum
10 12830 locate 4,63 : print " HR Spect ";
locate 5,63 : print using " (0 ##Hz)";fftsampl\2
return
'heart rate functions:
read times from memory
convert to heart rate function
' FFT resulting buffer
' display the spectral amplitudes
13000 call rdptrs(adrd,hbrd,adflag,hbflag)
13002 if record2no=0 then startup=1 else startup=0 '
startup is special
13003 hbptrl=varptr(hbl(l))
13004 bufferno=l
'read heart beat buffer 1 (least sig. cts
13005 call rdbuf(hbptrl,bufferno)
13006 locate 24,1 : gosub 20000
13007 print "hbrd= ";hbrd; : anal.beat=hbrd
13003 hbptr2=varptr(hb2(1))
13009 bufferno=2
'read heart beat buffer 2 (most sig. cts
13010 call rdbuf(hbptr2,bufferno)
~S739~
- 220 -
13011 for i=0 to 100 : histo~ram(i)=0 : next i
'initialize histogram for deglitching (.4-40Hz)
13012 histomax#=zlfreq.real*2.5#
13013 histoscal#=zlfreq.real/40#
' compute time differences for entire hb array
' and save in zdata
' from the top down
' zdata will contain the latest hr intervals,
' with the latest in
' (hbrd) and older intervals for decreasing
' array index
' since the timers are decrementing,
' lstbeat<thisbeat
' (lstbeat is later, therefore smaller)
' this relation fails whenever there is a carry
' over (timer overflow)
' note: timerl overflows exactly fftsize times
' during one data segment
13020 lstbeat#=hbl(hbrd) : lstover#=hb2(hbrd)
13022 hbnow=hbrd-l
13023 if hbnow<=0 then hbnow=fftsize
13024 if startup=l and hbnow=fftsize then return ' no
data yet
13025 numint=l
' valid intervals only (1 less than
' buffer size
13026 while numint<fftsize
13027 thisbeat#=hbl(hbnow)
' check for overflow of overflow counter
13028 thisover#=hb2(hbnow)
13029 if hb2(hbnow)<cint(1stover#) then
lstover#=lstover#-timer2Over#
13030 hbnow-hbnow-l
~2 S7
- 221 -
13031 if hbnow=0 then hbnow=fftsize
13032 if hbnow=fftsize and startup=l then goto
13048
13033 zdatnow=thisbeat#-lstbeat#+overdif#*zlover
13034 if zdatnow>=0 then goto 13047 '?error
13040 if zdatnow>histomax# then goto 13044
13041 index=cint(zdatnow/histoscal#)
13042 histogram(index=histogram(index)+l
13043 goto 13045
'keep histogram of intervals (.2-20Hz:
give 10% resolution @2Hz) extended
' data lapses
13044 histogram(100)=histogram(100)+1
' extended data lapses
13045 zdata(numint)=zdatnow : numint=numint+l
13046 lstbeat#=thisbeat# : lstover#=thisover#
13047 wend
13048 numint=numint-l
'......... find the interval
corresponding to mean heart rate
' 1) find largest peak in
' .5-4Hz (2 pixels wide)
2) calculate corrected
mean interval
3) calculate corrected
' interval variance
' 4) set slewing
parameters for HR
generation
13050 lstint=histogram(4) : hpeak=0 : hpeak.ht=0
13051 for i=3 to 40 : thisint=histogram(i)
13052 if (thisint+lstint)>hpeak.ht then
~2~;~39S
-- 2~2 -
hpeak.ht=thisint+lstint : hpeak=i
13053 lstint=thisint : next i
13054 approx.avg#=(hpeak-0.5#)*histoscal#
13060 zhistsum=0# : zhistsum2=0#
13061 for i=l to numint :
index=cint(zdata(i)/approx.avg#)
13062 if index<=0 then index=l
13063 zhistsum=zhistsum+zdata(i1/index : next i
13064 avgint#=zhistsum/numint
13070 for i=l to numint : index=cint(zdata(i)/avgint#)
13071 if index<=0 then index=l
13072 zdif=zdata(i)/index-avgint# :
zhistsum2=zhistsum2+zdif*zdif
13073 next i
13074 histvar#=zhistsum2/numint
' calculate deglitching parameters
13081 varslew#=31.4#*sqr(histvar#)/respsampl
'5x max slew (lHz rfa) slew at least .05Hz
(3bpm)/beat infslew has infimum of slew
' maxima
13082 min.maxslew#=.05
13083 infslew#=l#/(l#/avgint#-
min.maxslew#/zlfreq.real)-avgint#
13084 if maxslew#<infslew# then maxslew#=infslew#
13085 supslew#=avgint#/5#
'never slew more than 20% HR
13086 if maxslew#>supslew# then maxslew#=supslew#
13087 locate 1,1 : gosub 20000 ': print "maxslew:
";maxslew#
' compute heart rate waveform next
13100 ztime=0#
' time for present heart rate signal
1~57~9~;
- 223 -
' pointer in zdata to present beat number
' of beats accepted
13101 intnow-l
13102 beatno=l :
13103 while zdata(intnow)<=0
13104 intnow=intnow+l : if intnow>numint then goto
13140 : wend
13105 zintlst=avgint# : zdropper=avgint# :
zintnow=zdata(intnow)
13106 znext=zintnow/zlfreq.real
' time of previous heart beat deglitch first
beat present heart rate keep statistics for
deglitching sampling rate determined by
' timers
13107 avgnow#=avgint# : gosub 13500
13108 zhrnow=60#*zlfreq.real/zintnow
13109 zsum=zhrnow
13110 zsum2=zhrnow*zhrnow
13111 zincr=zhrsampler.real
13120 numsig=l
' point to heart rate function
13121 while numsig<=fftsize and ztime<=znext
13122 zhr(numsig)=zhrnow : numsig=numsig+l :
ztime=ztime+zincr
13123 wend:zintlst=zintnow
13124 if numsig=fftsize+l then goto 13142
13125 intnow=intnow+l : if intnow>numint then goto
13140
13126 zintnow=zdata(intnow) : if zintnow<=0 then
goto 13125
13127 znext=znext+zintnow/zlfreq.real : gosub
13500 ' deglitcher
13128 zhrnow=60#*zlfreq.real/zintnow
13129 zsum=zsum+zhrnow : zsum2=zsum2+zhrnow*zhrnow
: beatno=beatno+l
~2~73~;
~ 224 -
13130 go~o 13121
13140 zavghr=zsum/beatno
' averaged over number of beats
13141 while numsig<=fftsize : zhr(numsig)=zavghr :
numsig=numsig+l : wend
13142 zavghr=zsum/beatno
13400 locate 24,13 : print " avg hr(bpm): ";zaYghr;
' zhr now has heart rate function
13401 print " ...heart rate function computed";
return
' deglitching of three types employed here:
correction of premature triggers (not
yet)
' correction of dropped beats (not yet)
' slew rate limiting of final output (a
' crude bandlimiter)
13500 if abs~zintnow-zintlst)<maxslew# then return
'check for dropped beats
13501 numdrop=cint(zintnow/avgnow#) : if numdrop<=0
then goto 13510
13502 if abs(zintlst-zintnow/numdrop)>maxslew# then
1350#
13503 zintnow=zintnow/numdrop : sound 1200,sounder :
return 'dropped beat
13504 if numdrop~l then goto 13520 else goto 13510
' check for premature trigger (note:
premature trigger assump-
' -tion remains in effect
' only for glitched time
' (if added portion is an
~2~3~5
- 225 -
acceptable beat,(that's how it's used;
otherwise slew rate
tlimiter extends
' assumption to added portion
13510 if abs(zintnow+zdata(intnow+1)_
zintlst)>maxslew# then 13520
13511 zintnow=zintnow+zdata(intnow+l)
' assume premature trigger here
13512 sound 1400,sounder : return
' slew rate limiter
13520 sound 600,sounder : zintnow=zintlstr
return
' calculating the respiratory rate using the
' comb method
' [spectrum in ydata(*)]
start at frequency : minrespfrq#
(in pixels): minresp
' use comb tooth width: combwidth#
' (in pixels): combpix
14000 maxcomb#=0# : respcomb=0 : combstep=combpix\2+1
' for loop shifts comb beginning to different
' frequencies
14001 for comb=minresp to npair step combstep
14002 curcomb#=0# : harmbeg=comb-combstep+2
14003 lastbeg=harmbeg+9*comb : if lastbeg>npair
then lastbeg=npair
' while loop adds up 10 teeth
~s~
- 225 -
' (harmonics) in the comb
14004 while harmbeg<=lastbeg
14005 toothptr=harmbeg
14006 lstooth=harmbeg+combpix : if
lstooth>npair then lstooth=npair
' this while loop adds one tooth's
' contribution to comb
14007 while toothptr~=lstooth
14008 curcomb#=curcomb#+ydata(toothptr)
14009 toothptr=toothptr+l
14010 wend
14011 harmbeg=harmbeg+comb
14012 wend
lS 14013 if curcomb#>maxcomb# then maxcomb#=curcomb# :
respcomb=comb
14014 next comb
14050 locate 3,1 : gosub 20000 : print "respiratory
comb fraction: ";
14051 curcomb#=0# : for i=l to npair :
curcomb#=curcomb#+ydata(i) next i
14052 respcombfrac#=maxcomb#/curcomb# : print using
"#.###";respcombfrac#;
' respcomb now has respiratory frequency or a
' subharmonic
' to decide which is the first harmonic look at
' weight in each tooth
' of the comb; a higher harmonic comb must
' contribute at least double
' amplitude to be designated as the fundamental
' (4xspectral weight)
14100 maxtooth#=0 : resptooth=0 : harmbeg=respcomb+l-
combpix
12S~73~5
- 227 -
14101 lastbeg=harmbeg+9*respcomb : if lastbeg>npair
then lastbeg=npair
14102 while harmbeg<=lastbeg
14103 toothptr=harmbeg : curtooth#=0#
14104 lstooth=harmbeg+combpix+combpix
14105 if lstooth>npair then lstooth=npair
' add up one widened tooth
14110 while toothptr<=lstooth
14111 curtooth#=curtooth#+ydata(toothptr)
: toothptr=toothptr+l
14112 wend
' compare to previous teeth
14120 if curtooth#<4*maxtooth# then goto 14130
14121 maxtooth#=curtooth# :
resptooth=harmbeg
14130 harmbeg=harmbeg+respcomb
14131 wend
' compute respiratory frequency as peak
' average
14200 toothptr=resptooth : respfreq#=0#
14201 lstooth=toothptr+combpix+combpix
14202 if lstooth>npair then lstooth=npair
' average frequency over fundamental
' peak
14210 while toothptr<=lstooth
14211 respfreq#=respfreq#+ydata(toothptr)
*cdbl(toothptr-l)
14212 toothptr=toothptr+l
14213 wend
14214 respfreq#=respfreq#/maxtooth#/1024#*respsampl
~ 57
- 228 -
14220 resp.lopixel=cint((respfreq#-
.06#)/respsampl*1024#)+1
' integration limits
14221 resp.hipixel=cint((respfreq#+.06#)
/resps2mpl*1024#)+1
return
' spectral amplitude calculations
15000 lfa#=0# : rfa#=0# : coherence#=0#
15001 for i=pixel.04 to pixel.10
15002 lfa#=lfa#+fnzmag(zspec.hb.real(i),
zspec.hb.imag(i))
15003 next i
15004 lfa#=lfa#+lfa#
15010 for i=resp.lopixel to resp.hipixel
15011 rfa#=rfa#+fnzmag(zspec.hb.real(i),
zspec.hb.imag(i))
15012 next i
15013 rfa#=rfa#+rfa#
15020 for i=l to 512
15021 coherence#=coherence#+fnzcoher
(zreal(i),zrimag(i),_
zspec.hb.real(i),
zspec.hb.imag(i))
15022 next i
15023 coherence#=coherence#/zspectsum
15030 ratio#=lfa#/rfa#
15031 cratio#=lfa#/coherence#
15040 locate 6,60 : print using "lfa: ##.###";lfa#;
~Z~i7395
- 229 -
15041 locate 7,60 : print using "rfa: ##.###
(##.###)";rfa#,coherence#;
15042 locate 8,58 : print using "ratio: ##.###
(##.###)";ratio#,cratio#;
return
' storing trend data on floppy disk (fi~e #10)
16000 lset hr$=mkd$(zavghr)
16001 lset rr$=mkd$(respfreq#)
16002 lset rcf$=mkd$(respcombfrac#)
16003 lset lfa$=mkd$(lfa#)
16004 lset rfa$=mkd$(rfa#)
16005 lset coher$=mkd$(coherence#)
16006 lset ratio$-mkd$(ratio#)
16007 lset cratio$=mkd$(cratio#)
16008 lset hrintegral$=mkd$(hrspecsum#)
16009 lset respintegral$=mkd$(respspecsum#)
16010 lset timestamp$=time$
16011 lset hbrecord$=mki$(analrec.hr)
16012 lset adrecord$=mki$(analrec.ad)
16013 lset hbeat$=mki$(anal.beat)
16014 lset samplrate$=mki$(respsampl)
recordlOno=recordlOno+l : put #lO,recordlOno
return
' reading trend data from floppy disk (file #10)
16500 if recordlOno<=l then return
16501 cls
16510 xmins-10 : xmaxs=310 : ymins=2: ymaxs=127 :
~2573~:~
- 230 -
numvalg=xmaxs-xmins+l
16511 call swindow(xmins,xmaxs,ymins,ymaxs)
16512 call clrwindw
16513 call axes
16520 numpts=recordlOno
16521 lfa.beg=recordlOno
16522 rfa.beg=2*recordlOno
16523 ratio.beg=3*recordlOno
16524 lastydata=4*recordlOno
16525 lnlO#=log(10#)
16526 xscale#=numvalg/recordlOno
' get trend information from the disk file
16530 for temprec=l to recordlOno
16531 get #lO,temprec
16532 ydata(temprec)=197-.78#*cvd(hr$)
16533 ydata(temprec+lfa.beg)=197-19.5*cvd(1fa$)
16534 ydata(temprec+rfa.beg)=197-19.5*cvd(rfa$)
16535 ydata(temprec+ratio.beg)=100-
log(cvd(ratio$))/lnlO#*45#
16536 next temprec
16537 for i=1 to lastydata : if ydata(i)<ymins then
ydata(i)=ymins
16538 if ydata(i)>ymaxs then ydata(i)=ymaxs :
next i
' plot trends here
16540 for trend=O to 3 : trendoff=trend*recordlOno
16542 gctr=l : ydatalst=ydata(l) :
ydatag(l)=ydatalst
16543 for temprec=2 to recordlOno :
gctrmax=temprec*xscale#
16544 gdif=gctrmax-gctr : if gdif~=O then goto
~L~57~;
- 231 -
16550
16545 ydatadif=ydata(temprec+trendoff)-
ydatalst : part=O
16546 while gctr<gctrmax : gctr=gctr+l :
part=part~l
16547 ydatag(gctr)=ydatalst+
(part/gdif)*ydatadif : wend
16548 ydatalst=ydata(temprec+trendoff)
16550 next temprec
16551 linemask=linetype(trend) : x=xmins
16552 gdataptr=varptr(ydatag(l)) : numvalg=xmaxs-
xmins+l
16553 call fgraph(gdataptr,numvalg,x,linemask)
16554 next trend
16560 locate 2,42 : print "HR (0-250 bpm)";
16561 locate 3,42 : print "lfa (0-10 bpm~2)";
16562 locate 4,42 : print "rfa (0-10 bpm^2)";
16563 locate 5,42 : print "ratio (.01-100)";
16600 req.cls=l
return
' subroutine to print out the interrupt vectors
19000 def seg=O
print "IRQ3 @OB*4H: ";hex$(peek(&h2C));
' "";hex$(peek(&h2D));" ";
print hex$(peek(&h2E));
' "";hex$(peek(6h2F));tab(40);
print "IRQ4 @OC*4H: ";hex$(peek(&h30));
' "";hex$(peek(&h31));" ";
73~
- 232 -
print hex$~peek(~h32));" ";hex$(peek(~h33));
return
' routine to clear the present line
20000 csnow=csrlin:locate csnow,l:print
return
' check pointers to see if any disk files need
' to be written
30000 call rdptrs(adwr,hbwr,adflag,hbflag)
30001 if adflag=adflaglst and hbflag=hbflaglst then
return
30010 while adflag>recordlno+l : beep : locate 23,1 :
print "data #l loss";
30011 recordlno=adflag-l : wend
30020 while hbflag>record2no+1 : beep : locate 23,1 :
. print "data #2 loss";
30021 record2no=hbflag-1 : wend
30030 while hbflag>record3no+1 : beep : locate 23,1 :
print "data #3 loss";
30031 record3no=hbflag-1 : wend
30040 if adflag<recordlno+l then goto 30050
30041 recordlno=adflag : put #l,adflag
30042 if datacycle<=0 then datacycle=datacycle+l
'if not processing, begin
30050 if hbflag=record2no+1 then record2no=hbflag :
put #2,hbflag
30060 if hbflag=record3no+1 then record3no=hbflag :
put #3,hbflag
locate 3,1 : gosub 20000 : print "current file
records: ";adflag; print " (#l) ";hbflag;"
- 233 -
(#2)";
adflaglst=adflag : hbflaglst=hbflag
return
end
~2~973~$
- 234 -
page 66,80
; sync7s.asm - an assembler routine to handle interrupts
; from IRQ4 and collect
5 ; synchronous data from the A/D (board 2
; configuration assumed)
; The routine checks A/D readings for
; output validity
; Data is loaded by interrupts into ~oth a
10 ; processing buffer and
; a disk file I/O buffer to allow quick
; archival; an overflow
; flag signals when a disk file buffer
; should be stored and
15 ; also indicates whether the disk buffer
; was corrupted.
; To acknowledge storage of a disk buffer
; one must reset the
; overflow flag using <ackfdio>
; Last revision: 3 May 1985
;
;
; 8088 interrupt location
; - ------------------------;
absO segment at O ;absolute memory segment
;allows placement of
;interrupt address
org OBH*4 ;future heart beat
interrupt handler resides
IRQ3 int dw 2 dup(?);at int OB
org OCH*4 ;8253 timebase interrupt
;handler resides
IRQ4_int dw 2 dup(?~;at int OC
~ 3
- 235 -
absO ends
; int_buffer: area to save DOS
; dummy interrupt ptrs
int buffer segment ;data segment containing
-
;user interrupt buffer
15 save_int dw 4 dup(?);offset for two DOS
;interrupts saved
;to be restored using
;exstint
20 int_buffer ends
; working storage for
; interrupts
dseg_sync segment ;data segment for
;interrupts
;......... declare all variables public
; for use by other
; assembly level routines
public ad_buffer,ad_rd,ad_wr,sync_ctr
public hb_bufferl,hb_buffer2,hb_rd,hb_
- 236 -
wr,heartbeats
;.......... timebase local storage and
buffer
ad_buffer db 1024 dup(?) ;buffer for A/D
values
ad_rd dw ? ;read indicator for A/D
;disk buffer
10 ad_wr dw ? ;write pcinter for A/D
;buffer (incrementing)
sync_ctr dw ? ;counter for timebase
;interrupt (overflows)
;......... heart beat local storage and
; buffer
;note:for main clock
;14.318 180 MHz (osc)
;system clock
;4.772 727 MHz (clock)
;8253 clock
;2.386 363 MHz (ck8253)
;(ck8253 / 432)
;5.524 KHz (hb.clk)
;(ck8253 /596592) 4 Hz
; (respck)
;hb.clk = 1381*respck
;sync.ctr overflow =
;16384 sec (4:33:04)
hb_bufferl dw1024 dup(?) ;heart beat time
stamps for previous 1024
hb_buffer2 dw1024 dup(?) ;beats (2 words:
hb.clk,sync.ctr)
~257~
- 237 -
hb_rd dw ? ;read indicator for
;heart beat disk buffers
hb_wr dw ? ;write pointer
;(incrementing) for hb_buffer
heartbeats dw ? ;keep track of number of
;beats processed
;......... pointers to disk file buffers
fdlptr label dword ;pointer to floppy disk
file #l buffer
fdlptroff dw ? ; (offset)
fdlptrseg dw ? ; (segment)
fd2ptr label dword ;pointer to floppy disk
file #2 buffer
fd2ptroff dw ? ; (offset)
fd2ptrseg dw ? ; (segment)
fd3ptr label dword ;pointer to floppy disk
file #3 buffer
fd3ptroff dw ? ; (offset)
fd3ptrseg dw ? ; (segment)
dseg_sync ends
; setup structures to allow access to;
; arguments pased by B~SIC
; subroutine
1'2~73~S
- 238 -
; instint(fillptr,fil2ptr,fil3ptr)
frame_rd struc ;define the stack
;structure for passing
:arguments to BASIC
5 savebpO dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveretO dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
B_ fil3ptr dw ~ ;offset of file #3 disk
;buffer
10 B fil2ptr dw ? ;offset of file #2 disk
;buffer
B_fillptr dw ? ;offset of file #1 disk
buffer
frame_rd ends
; subroutine rdbeat(BASIC_beats, BASIC_
; syncs)
frame_rd struc ;define the stack
;structure for passing
;arguments to BASIC
savebpl dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveretl dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
BASIC_ syncs dw ? ;place to return sync
;pulses to BASIC
BASIC_beats dw ? ;place to return heart
;beats to BASIC
frame_rd ends
; subroutine rdbuf (BASIC_ ptr,whichbuff)
frame_rdbuf struc ;define the stack
;structure for passing
;arguments to BASIC
savebp2 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
3~ saveret2 dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
lX~739~
- 239 -
whichbuff dw ? ;place to select which
;buffer to read
BASIC_ptr dw ? ;place to get pointer to
;BASIC data array
frame_rdbuf ends
; subroutine rdptrs
;(adwr,hbwr,adflag,hbflag)
frame_rdptrs struc ;define the stack
;structure for passing
;arguments to BASIC
savebp3 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveret3 dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
15 hbflag dw ? ;flag indicating disk
;file #1,#~ buffers full
adflag dw ? ;flag indicating disk
;file #l buffer is full
BASIC_hbwr dw ? ;write pointer for heart
;beat buffer
BASIC_adwr dw ? ;write pointer for ad
;buffer
frame_rdptrs ends
;......... code segment begins here
cseg_sync segment 'code'
30 basic_dgroup group data,stack,const,heap,memory
;defining link to BASIC
porta equ 071CH ;port definitions for
;8255 port expander
portb equ 071DH ;these addresses are
;decoded on the homemade
portc equ 071EH ;board
~2~7.39S
- 240 -
control equ 071FH ;control word in the
;8255
timerO equ 0704H ;8253 timerO register
timerl equ 0705H ;8253 timerl register
timer2 equ 0706H ;8253 timer2 register
con8253 equ 0707H ;8253 control register
; timebase interrupt handler (not accessible to;
; BASIC)
;this routine reads the A/D every timerl
;tick
;and stores the point in the analog
;buffer
tbase_int proc far ;this procedure is not
;made public
assume cs:cseg_sync,ds:dseg_
sync,es:nothing,ss:nothing
push ax ;save registers used
;during interrupt
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di
push ds
push es
mov ax,dseg_sync ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov ds,ax
- 241 -
;......... increment counters/ decrement
; pointers
inc sync_ctr ;increment
;interrupt counter
mov - cx,20 ;allow up to 20
;rereads of A/D
;......... get analog value from A/D and
; send to buffer
mov dx,portb ;get analog
;value from A/D
in al,dx
mov bx,ad_wr ;and put analog
;data pointer in bx
retry: mov ad_buffer[bx],al
;save analog value in ad_buffer
chk_adc: in al,dx ;reread adc and
;check if previous
cmp ad_buffer[bx],al ;value agrees
je adc_ok ;if value is the
;same we're done
loop retry ;retry if retry
;counter is not depleted
;failure returns
;last value read
30 adc_ok: inc ad_wr ;increment write
;pointer
cmp ad_wr,1023;see if write
pointer<=1023
jle tbase_eoi;if pointer is
;in range then finish
int
~S7~5
- 242 -
;.......... reset local ptr and load disk
: b~ffer for file #l
xor ah,ah ;zero ah as
;upper byte of A/D reading
mov cx,1024 ;load counter
;for 1024 repetitions
lea si,ad_buffer ;load local
;buffer address
les di,fdlptr ;load pointer to
;disk file #l buffer
fdllp: lodsb ;repeat moves
;1024 times (ds:si->es:di)
stosw ;converting
;bytes to words
loop fdllp
mov ad_wr,cx ;reset write
;pointer (wrap around)
inc ad_rd ;increment read
;request for disk
;.......... acknowledge interrupt to
; 8259A
tbase_eoi: mov al,20H ;send EOI to 8259A
out 20H,al
pop es ;restore registers which
;were used
pop ds
pop di
PP s i
pop dx
PP cx
pop bx
POP ax
~2~.3~
- 243 -
iret ;return to place where
;interrupt occurred
5 debugmsgl db 'this is the end of the time
base interrupt'
tbase_int endp
; heart beat interrupt handler (not accessible ;
; to BASIC)
;this routine reads the local system
;timers
;every heart beat and stores the time in
;the heart beat buffer for use in
;spectral analysis
hbeat_int proc far ;this procedure is not
;made public
assume cs:cseg_sync,ds:dseg_sync
assume es:nothing,ss:nothing
push ax ;save registers during
;interrupt
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di
push ds
- 244 -
push es
mov ax,dseg_sync ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov ds,ax
inc heartbeats ;increment heart
; beat counter
;.......... read counters and store
; result in hb_buffer
mov dx,con8253 ;prepare to read
;hbl.clk from timerl
mov al,40H ;by latching
;counts in timerl
out dx,al
mov dx,timerl ;prepare to read
;the latched value
in al,dx ;from the timer
;(low byte first)
mov ah,al ;save low byte
;in ah
in al,dx ;thigh byte
;last)
xchg al,ah ;get the bytes'
:order right
mov bx,hb_wr ;get write
;pointer for hb_buffer
add bx,bx ;double to
;point to a word
mov hb bufferl[bx],ax ;and store
;hbl.clk counts
;........ read overflow counter from
~2~73~
245 -
; timer2
mov dx,con8253 ;prepare to read
;hb2.clk from timer2
mov al,80H ;by latching
;counts in timer2
out dx,al
mov dx,timer2 ;prepare to read
;the latched value
in al,dx ;from the timer
;(low byte first)
mov ah,al ;save low byte
;in ah
in al,dx ;(high byte
;last)
xchg al,ah ;get the bytes'
;order right in ax
mov hb_buffer2[bx],ax ;store
result in hb2.clk buffer
;........ increment wr.ite pointer and
; check for buffer overflow
inc hb_wr ;increment write
;pointer
cmp hb_wr,1023 ;if hb_wr<=1023
jle hb_eoi ;then finish up
;........ ..reset local ptr/load disk
; buffers for files #2,#3
; (routine takes about 15-20
; msec to fill disk buffer)
mov cx,1024 ;load counter
;for 1024 repetitions
lea si,hb_bufferl ;load local
3~;
- 246 -
;buffer address
les di,fd2ptr ;load pointer to
;disk file #2 buffer
fd21p: movsw ;repeat moves
;1024 times (ds:si->es:di)
loop fd21p
mov cx,1024 ;load counter
;for 1024 repetitions
lea si,hb_buffer2 ;load local
;buffer address
les di,fd3ptr ;load pointer to
;disk file #3 buffer
fd31p: movsw ;repeat moves
;1024 times (ds:si->es:di)
loop fd31p
mov hb_wr,cx ;reset write
;pointer (wrap around)
inc hb_rd ;increment read
;request
;......... acknowledge interrupt to
; 8259A
hb_eoi: mov al,20H ;send EOI to 8259A
out 2OH,al
pop es ;restore registers and
pop ds
pop di
Pop s i
pop dx
Pop cx
Pop bx
POp ax
iret ;rPturn to place where
;interrupt occurred
~7395
- 247 -
debugmsg2 db 'this is the end of the heart
beat interrupt'
5 hbeat_int endp
; subroutine instint [install_interrupts]
; (fillptr,fil2ptr,fil3ptr)
instint proc far
public instint
;public symbol allows external references
;es,ds vectors and must be restored movsw
;uses (ds:si)(es:di) addr
assume cs:cseg_sync,ss:basic_
dgroup,ds:basic_dgroup
assume es:basic dgroup
used to access interrupt
;.......... save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
; for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;address of BASIC analog
;data buffer
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push si
push di
~2~7~
- 248 -
push ds
push es
pushf ;and flags
;set up the segment
;registers
mov ax,dseg_sync ;set up access
;to floopy disk data ptrs
mov es,ax
assume es:dseg_sync
;......... put disk file pointers into
; local memory
mov di,[bp].B_fillptr ;get
pointers from BASIC
mov ax,[di] ;and
; save in dseg_sync areas
mov fdlptroff,ax
mov di,[bp].B_fil2ptr
mov ax,[di]
mov fd2ptroff,ax
mov di,[bp].B_fil3ptr
mov ax,[di]
mov fd3ptroff,ax
mov ax,ds;put segment
;registers into
mov fdlptrseg,ax ;pointers
mov fd2ptrseg,ax
mov fd3ptrseg,ax
;set up the segment
- 24~ -
;registers
mov ax,int_buffer
;es points to buffer area to save
mov es,ax ;DOS dummy
;interrupt vector
assume es:int_buffer
mov ax,O ;ds points to
;absO (interrupt table)
mov ds,ax
assume ds:absO
;setup access to
;interrupt vectors
lea di,save_int ;load offset of
;save_int in es,di
lea si,IRQ3_int ;load offset of
;IRQ3_int in ds,si
cld ;clear direction
;flag to increment ptrs
movsw ;save DOS dummy
;interrupt vectors to be
movsw ;restored later
movsw ;now saving IRQ4
movsw
mov IRQ3_int+2,cseg_sync ;install
;the heart beat (IRQ3)
mov IRQ3_int,offset hbeat_int
;interrupt handler now
mov IRQ4_int+2,cseg_sync ;install
;the DAC timebase (IRQ4
mov IRQ4_int,offset tbase_int
;interrupt handler now
~2 S739
- 250 -
;.......... initialization of buffer
control variables
mov ax,dseg_sync ;setup data
;segment for initialization
mov ds,ax
assume ds:dseg_sync ;ds segment
;register now redefined
xor ax,ax ;zero ax
;register to initialize
mov heartbeats,ax ;counters
mov sync_ctr,ax
mov ad_wr,ax ;initialize
;read/write pointers to top
mov hb_wr,ax ;of buffer
mov ad_rd,ax
mov hb_rd,ax
;.......... return to BASIC
popf ;restore flags
pop es ;restore additional
registers
pop ds
POP di
POP s i
PP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer and
ret 6 ;delete 3 parameters (6
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
~:573~5
- 251 -
;calling routine
debugmsg3 db 'this is the end of the
interrupt installation'
instint endp
; subroutine exstint (exstall_ ;
; interrupts)
exstint proc far
public exstint ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_sync,ss:basic_dgroup
assume ds:int_buffer,es:absO
;es,ds used to access interrupt
;vectors and must be restored
;movsw uses (ds:si)(es:di) addr
;.......... save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
; for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
; frame reference to
;access arguments passed
; by BASIC (none here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
~:S~5
- 252 -
push si
push di
push ds
push es
pushf ;and flags
;set up the segment
;registers as assumed
mov ax,0 ;es points to
;absO (interrupt table)
mov es,ax
mov ax,int_buffer ;ds points to
;buffer area to save
mov ds,ax ;DOS dummy
;interrupt vector
;setup access to
;interrupt vectors
lea di,IRQ3_int ;load offset of
;IRQ3_int in es,di
lea si,save_int ;load offset of
;save_int in ds,si
cld ;clear direction
;flag to increment ptrs
movsw ;restore DOS
;dummy interrupt vectors
movsw ;for IRQ3
movsw ;and IRQ4
movsw
;.......... return to BASIC
popf ;restore flags
pop es ;restore additional
;registers
'~7
- 253
pop ds
pop di
pop s i
Pop ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer and
ret 0 ;delete 0 parameters ( n
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg4 db 'this is the end of the
interrupt exstallation'
exstint endp
; subroutine rdbeat (heartbeats,sync_ ;
; pulses)
; - - -_-______________________;
rdbeat proc far
public rdbeat ;public symbol allows
external references
assume cs:cseg_sync,es:dseg_sync
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic dgroup
;.......... save registers
~Z~739~;
- 254 -
push bp ;save BASIC base poin
;ter for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp :point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC (one here)
push ax ;save additional
registers
push di
push es
mov ax,dseg_sync ;set up segment
register for data area
mov es,ax
mov ax,heartbeats ;get
;beats ~rom local memory
mov di,[bp].BASIC_beats
mov [di],ax. ;send
;beats to BASIC
mov ax,sync_ctr ;get
;sync pulses from local
mov di,[bp].BASIC_syncs ;memory
mov [di],ax ;send
;sync pulses to BASIC
;.......... return to BASIC
pop es ;restore additional
registers
Pop di
Pop ax
~2S73~5
-- ~55 --
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer,
ret 4 ;delete 2 parameters (4
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg5 db 'this is the end of the heart
beat read routine'
rdbeat endp
; ------_- _____________________;
; subrGutine rdbuf ( BASIC_ ;
; ptr,whichbuff)
;this routine dumps a buffer
;from the
;assembly routine data area to a
;BASIC array
;pointed to by BASIC_ ptr;
;whichbuff selects
;the assembler buffer to be
;dumped.
;choices of buffer are:
; 0 - ad buffer (bytes)
; 1 - hb_bufferl (words)
; 2 - hb_buffer2 (words)
rdbuf proc far
public rdbuf ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_sync,es:basic_dgroup
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
~2S73g~
- 256 -
;.......... save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
;for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC (one here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push cx
push si
push di
push ds
push es
pushf ;and flags
;......... get pointers from BASIC
mov di,[bp].whichbuff ;get
;buffer choice from BASIC
mov ax,[di]
mov di,[bp].BASIC_ptr
;get pointer to BASIC's data area
mov di,[di] ;and put pointer
;into di
;......... set up extra segment register
; and counter
mov cx,dseg_sync ;set up segment
register for data area
~2573~
- 257 -
mov ds,cx
assume ds:dseg_sync
mov cx,1024 ;load counter
;with number of objects
;.......... select buffer here and place
; pointer in si
or ax,ax ;compare
;selector with 0
jz rd_adbuf
;if zero (select =0) read ad_buffer
dec ax ;decrement to
;see if select was 1
jz rd_hbbufl
;if zero (select =l) read hb_bufferl
dec ax ;decrement to
;see if select was 2
jz rd_hbbuf2
;if zero (select =2) read hb_buffer2
jmp rdbuf_end
;not a valid buffer, so return to BASIC
rd adbuf: lea si,ad_buffer ;point source
;index to ad_buffer
jmp move_dta byte
rd hbbufl: lea si,hb_bufferl ;point source
;index to hb_bufferl
jmp move dta_word
rd_hbbuf2: lea si,hb_buffer2 ;point source
;index to hb_buffer2
jmp move_dta_word
'73~;
-- 258 --
;......... move byte data from local
; storage to BASIC array
move_dta_byte: xor ah,ah ;~ero upper byte of ax
cld ;clear direction flag to
;increment si,di by 2
byt_lp: lodsb ;move data bytes from
;local storage (ds:si)
stosw ;and store as a word in
;BASIC's area (es:di)
loop byt_lp
jmp rdbuf_end ;finished
;......... move word data from local
; storage to BASIC array
move_dta_word: cld ;clear direction flag to
;increment si,di by 2
wd_lp: movsw ;get data word from
;local storage (ds:si)
loop wd_lp ;and store as a word in
;BASIC's area (es:di)
;.......... return to BASIC
rdbuf_end: popf ;restore flags
pop es ;restore additional
;registers
pop ds
POP di
pop s i
PP cx
POP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
- 25~ -
;pointer,
ret 4 ,delete 2 parameters ~4
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg6 db 'this is the end of the buffer
read routine'
10 rdbuf endp
; subroutine rdptrs (BASIC_adwr,BASIC_
; hbwr,adflag,hbflag)
;this routine returns pointers
;appropriate
;arrays returned to BASIC through rdbuf
;this means the pointers are subtracted
;from 1025
;since the buffers have decrementing
;pointers
;whereas the BASIC data has incrementing
;pointers
;the flags indicate whether or not the
;respective
;disk file buffers have been filled and
;therefore require
;service (eg, a BASIC PUT command to
;store the buffer on disk)
rdptrs proc far
public rdptrs ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_sync,es:dseg_sync
~2~;q3gs
- 260 -
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
;.......... save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
;for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC (one here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push di
push es
mov ax,dseg_sync ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov es,ax
mov ax,ad_wr ;get write
;pointer for A/D buffer
movdi,[bp] .BASIC_ adwr ;and send
;to BASIC
mov[di],ax
mov ax,hb_wr ;get
;write pointer for heart
movdi,[bp].BASIC_ hbwr ;beat
;buffer and send to BASIC
mov[di],ax
movax,ad_rd ;get
;disk file flag for A/D
~S73~;
- 261 -
mov di,[bp].adflag ;buffer
;and send to BASIC
mov [di],ax
mov ax,hb_rd get
;disk file flag for heart
mov di,[bp].hbflag ;beat
;buffers and send to BASIC
mov [di],ax
;.......... return to BASIC
pop es ;restore additional
;registers
pop di
pop ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer,
ret- 8 ;delete 4 parameters (8
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
25 debugmsg7 db 'this is the end of the pointer
read routine'
rdptrs endp
cseg_sync ends
end
; module gwindowl.asm - a collection of routines useful
; for preparing data
35 ; for the fast graphics routine.
;
~257;~9~
- 2~2 -
; subroutines:
;
; dwindow(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax) - establish
; data value limits corresponding to
5 ; screen window.
;
; swindow(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax) - establish
; screen boundaries for data to be
; plotted.
; clrwindw - clear contents of present
; window
;
; axes - prepare axes for current window
15 ; (no tick marks yet)
; (first version: only draws a box
; around window)
;
; scaler~indata_ptr,outdata_ptr,numval) -
20 ; scale data to fit into window requires
; correct initialization
; using dwindow
; and swindow
; (first version: only scales y-
25 ; coordinate with dwindow)
; ( x coordinate
; scaled by numval)
; ( maximum y-value
; is plotted)
;
__________
;
; arguments passed by BASIC
;
~2573~5
- 2~3 -
; indata_ptr- offset of BASIC array
; containing y-coordinates of
; points to be plotted
; outdata_ptr - offset of BASIC array
5 ; containing scaled y-coordinates
; numval- number of values to plot
;
___________
;.......... screen memory definition
screen_memory segment at OB800H
15 even_pixels db 8000 dup(?) ;pixels with
;even y-coordinates
org 2000H ;beginning of
;high screen memory
odd_pixels db 8000 dup(?) ;pixels with odd
~ ;y-coordinates
screen_memory ends
;.......... local memory definitions
dseg_wind segment ;valid default values
;present at startup
xmin_s dw O ;minimum screen ordinate
;for window
xmax_s dw 639 ;maximum screèn ordinate
;for window
ymin_s dw O ;minimum screen abscissa
;for window
35 ymax_s dw 199 ;maximum screen abscissa
;for window
~2~;~3~S
-- 264 --
xmin_d dw O ;minimum data ordinate
;for window
xmax_d dw 16384 ;maximum data ordinate
;for window
ymin_d dw O ;minimum data abscissa
;for window
ymax_d dw 16384 ;maximum data abscissa
;for window
ulh_cor dw O ;offset for upper left
;hand corner of screen
urh_cor dw 79 ;offset for upper right
;hand corr.er of screen
15 llh_cor dw 3EFOH ;offset for lower left
;hand corner of screen
lrh_cor dw 3F3FH ;offset for lower right
;hand corner of screen
20 outptr dw ? ;pointer to output array
;in BASIC (must be
;at least as large as
;input array)
rndoff dw ? ;roundoff correction (if
;fraction>.5 round up)
numvalt dw ? ;save number of points
;in input array for xpass
bx_last dw ? ;save pointer during x-
;scaling to allow
;use of largest y per x
;pixel
dseg_wind ends
7395
-- 265 --
; define structures for passing arguments from ;
; BASIC
; subroutines
dwindow/swindow(xmin,xmaxlymin,ymax)
frame_lim struc ;define structure
savebpl dw ? ;caller's base pointer
10 saveretl dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
ymax dw ? ;maximum abscissa
;(screen or data coordinate)
ymin dw ? ;minimum abscissa
;(screen or data coordinate)
xmax dw ? ;maximum ordinate
;(screen or data coordinate)
xmin dw ? ;minimum ordinate
;(screen or data coordinate)
20 frame_lim ends
; subroutine scaler(indata_ptr,outdata_
; ptr,numval)
25 frame_scl struc ;define structure
savebp2 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveret2 dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
numval dw ? ;number of values in
;BASIC's data array
outdata_ptr dw ? ;scaled values are
;passed to a BASIC
;array pointed to by
;this pointer(for fgraph)
35 indata_ptr dw ? ;values to be graphed
;are passed from a BASIC
3~S
- 266 -
;array pointed to by
;this pointer.
frame scl ends
;.......... subroutines' code begins here
cseg_gr segment 'code'
dgroup group data,stack,const,heap,memory
;defining link to BASIC
; subroutine dwindow(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax)
;subroutine to establish data value
;limits
;corresponding to screen window.
dwindow proc far
public dwindow
;public symbols allow external references
assume cs:cseg_gr,ds:dgroup
;BASIC defines regs
assume ss:dgroup,es:dseg_wind
push bp ;save base pointer for the
;return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at frame
;structure
~ ~7
- 267 ~
:......... save additional registers and
; set up extra data seg
push ax
push di
push es
mov ax,dseg_wind ;set up extra data
;segment as assumed
mov es,ax
;....get specifications for window from
; BASIC and store locally
mov di,[bp].ymax
mov ax,[di]
mov ymax_d,ax
mov di,[bp].ymin
mov ax,[di]
mov ymin_d,ax
mov di,[bp].xmax
mov ax,[di]
mov xmax_d,ax
mov di,[bp].xmin
mov ax,[di]
mov xmin_d,ax
;......... restore all registers which
; were corrupted
pop es
pop di
POP ax
~;73'9~;
- 268 -
pop bp ;restore BASIC base
;pointer before returning
ret 8 ;delete 4 parameter
;addresses (~ bytes) from
;stack and return to
;calling routine
dwindow endp
; subroutine swindow(xmin,xmax,ymin,ymax)
;subroutine to establish absolute screen
;coordinate limits
;corresponding to screen window.
swindow proc far
public swindow ;public symbols allow
external references
assume cs:cseg_gr,ss:dgroup
;BASIC defines regs
assume ds:dseg_wind,es:dgroup
push bp ;save base pointer for the
;return to 8ASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at frame
;structure
;.......... save additional registers and
; set up extra data seg
push ax
push cx
3 ZS73~S
- 269 -
push dx
push di
push ds
mov ax,dseg_wind ;set up extra data
;segment as assumed
mov ds,ax
;... get specifications for window from
; BASIC and store locally
;... ....first y coordinate ranges
mov di,es:[bp].ymax ;
mov ax,es:[di]
cmp ax,l99 ;make sure ymax_s <=199
jg y_bad ;use default value if
;value sent is bad
mov ymax_s,ax
mov di,es:[bp].ymin ;
mov ax,es:[di]
mov ymin_s,ax
;......... y range limits examined
add ax,8 ;make sure that ymax
;exceeds ymin by at least 8
cmp ax,ymax_s
jng y_ok ;if ymax_s <= ymin_s+8
y_bad: mov ax,l99 ;then set ymax_s,ymin_s
;to default values
mov ymax_s,ax ;ymax_s default=l99
xor ax,ax ;ymin_s default=0
- mov ymin_s,ax
;......... x coordinate ranges set up
73~5
- 270 -
y_ok: mov di,es:[bp].xmax ;
mov ax,es:[di]
cmp ax,639 ;make sure xmax_s <=639
jg x_bad ;use default value if
;value sent is bad
mov xmax_s,ax
mov di,es:[bp].xmin ;
mov ax,es:[di]
mov xmin_s,ax
;......... x range limits examined
cmp ax,xmax_s ;make sure that xmax
;exceeds xmin
jnge x_ok ;if xmax_s < xmin_s
x_bad: mov ax,639 ;then set xmax_s,xmin_s
;to default values
mov xmax_s,ax ;xmax_s default=l99
xor ax,ax ;xmin_s default=O
mov xmin_s,ax
;......... set up the pointers to the
; four screen corners
; --ymin
x ok: xor dx,dx ;put lowest screen
;memory location (=O) into dx
mov ax,ymin_s ;first calculate y
;contribution to offset of
shr ax,1 ;upper corners by
multiplying (ymin/2) by 80.
jnc yO_even ;if ymin was not even
mov dx,200OH ;then the upper corners
;are odd pixels (2000H)
~3L2~
- 271 -
yO_even:mov c1,80 ;[promised
;multiplication by 80]
mul cl
add dx,ax ;y contribution to
;offset is here
mov ulh_cor,dx ;save partial result
mov urh_cor,dx
; --ymax
10xor dx,dx ;put lowest screen
;memory location (=0) into dx
mov ax,ymax_s ;first calculate y
;contribution to offset of
shr ax,l ;lower corners by
;multiplying (ymax/2) by 80.
jnc yl_even ;if ymax was not even
mov dx,2000H ;then the upper corners
;are odd pixels (2000H)
yl_even:mov c1,80 ;[promised
;multiplication by 80]
mul cl
add dx,ax ;y contribution to
;offset is here
mov llh_cor,dx ;save partial result
25mov lrh_cor,dx
mov ax,xmin_s ;x contribution is
;xmin/8 ~
mov c1,3 ;calculated by shifting
;right 3 bits
shr ax,cl ;and
add ulh_cor,ax ;adding the result to
;the stored partial result
add llh_cor,ax
mov ax,xmax_s ;x contribution is
~2S7395
- 272 -
xmin/8
mov c1,3 ;calculated by shifting
;right 3 bits
shr ax,cl ;and
add urh_cor,ax ;adding the result to
;the stored partial result
add lrh_cor,ax
;.......... restore all registers which
; were corrupted
pop ds
Pop di
POP dx
pop cx
Pp ax
pop bp ;restore sASIC base
;pointer before returning
ret 8 ;delete 4 parameter
;addresses (8 bytes) from
;stack and return to
;calling routine
swindow endp
; subroutine clrwindw
; - ---------------------;
;subroutine to clear
;the screen window.
clrwindw proc far
public clrwindw ;public symbols allow
;external references
~;7~
273 -
assume cs:cseg_gr,ss:dgroup
;BASIC defines regs
assume ds:dseg_wind,es:screen_memory
push bp ;save base pointer for the
;return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at frame
;structure
;......... save additional registers and
; set up data segments
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di
push ds
push es
;......... set up data segments as
; assumed
mov ax,dseg_wind
mov ds,ax
mov ax,screen_memory;
mov es,ax
;......... clear screen by zeroing out
; graphics memory
; register-usage:
; ax - marker for
; rightmost column
7~'9S
- 274
; bh - # x bytes
; bl - pixel mask
cx -- y
; coordinate counter
; dx - # y lines
; si - offset of
; top of column
; di - offset of
; present byte
;.... first clear leftmost part of window
mov dx,ymax_s ;compute number of
;vertical lines
sub dx,ymin_s
inc dx ;and save in dx
mov ax,urh_cor ;compute number of
;horizontal bytes
sub ax,ulh_cor ;(a number 1-79)
mov bh,al ;and save in bh
xor ax,ax ;clear ax register to
;indicate clearing of all
;columns except the
;rightmost one
;.... ......set up to blank leftmost
; column
mov cx,xmin_s ;compute mask for
;blanking leftmost column
call maskO
lea di,even_pixels ;get offset of
add di,ulh_cor ;upper left hand corner
of window
mov si,di ;save location in si
~2 ~ 3
- 275 -
;......... blank all columns except
; rightmost
nxt_col:call clr_col
xor bl,bl ;subsequent columns
;blank all bits (bl mask=O)
inc si ;compute offset of
;present column
mov di,si ;and load into di
dec bh ;see if there are any
;columns left
jnz nxt_col
;......... blank rightmost column
mov cx,xmax_s ;compute mask for
;rightmost column
inc cx ;include rightmost pixel
and c1,7 ;using cx mod 8
mov bl,OFFH ;put mask in bl
jz mask_r ;if cx mod 8 <>O then
shr bl,cl ;shift mask
;appropriately
jmp lst_clr
mask_r: xor bl,bl ;set bl mask to blank
;all bits
lst_clr:call clr_col ;clear rightmost column
;......... restore all registers which
; were corrupted
pop es
pop ds
POp di
pop s i
pop dx
PP cx
i739~i
- 276 -
pop bx
pop ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC base
;pointer before returning
ret 0 ;delete 0 parameter
;addresses (0 bytes) from
;stack and return to
;calling routine
clrwindw endp
; - __-__________________;
; subroutine axes
;subroutine to draw a box
;enclosing the screen window.
axes proc far
public axes ;public symbols allow
;external references
assume cs:cseg_gr,ss:dgroup
;BASIC defines regs
assume ds:dseg_wind,es:screen_memory
push bp ;save base pointer for the
;return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at frame
;structure
;.......... save additional registers and
; set up data segments
~;*739~;
- 277 -
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di
push ds
push es
;......... set up data segments as
; assumed
mov ax,dseg_wind
mov ds,ax
mov ax,screen_memory;
mov es,ax
;......... draw box screen by setting
; appropriate bits
; register usage:
; ax - marker for
; rightmost column
; bh - # x bytes
; bl - pixel mask
cx - y
; coordinate counter
; dx - # y lines
; si - offset of
; top of column
; di - offset of
; present byte
;... first calculate number of
vertical,horizontal counts
mov dx,ymax_s ;compute number of
;vertical lines
~2~'73~i
- 278 -
sub dx,ymin_s
inc dx ;and save in dx
mov ax,urh_cor ;compute number of
;horizontal bytes
sub ax,ulh_cor :(a number 1-79)
mov bh,al ;and save in bh
;.......... left edge of box
lea di,even_pixels ;get offset of
add di,ulh_cor ;upper left hand corner
;of window
mov cx,xmin_s ;compute mask to draw
;left end of top line
call maskO ;[maskO gives pixels to
;left of x coordinate]
xor bl,OFFH ;[requiring
- ;complementation here]
or es:[di],bl
mov cx,xmin_s ;compute mask for
;setting leftmost box edge
call maskl
call drw_ln ;draw the left most
;border of the box
lea di,even_pixels ;get offset of
add di,llh_cor ;lower left hand corner
; of window
mov cx,xmin_s ;compute mask to draw
;left end of bottom line
call maskO ;[maskO gives pixels to
;left of x coordinate]
xor bl,OFFH ;[requiring
- 279 -
;complementation here]
or es:[di],bl
;......... bottom edge of box
mov bl,bh ;save number of
;horizontal bytes in bl
call hbar ;draw horizontal bar
;......... top edge of box
mov bh,bl ;get number of
;horizontal bytes from bl
lea di,even_pixels ;get offset of
add di,ulh_cor ;upper left hand corner
;of window
call hbar ;draw horizontal bar
;......... right edge of box
lea di,even_pixels ;get offset of
add di,urh cor ;upper left hand corner
;of window
mov cx,xmax_s ;compute mask to draw
;right end of top line
call maskO
or es:[di],bl
mov cx,xmax_s ;compute mask for
;setting rightmost box edge
call maskl
call drw_ln ;set rightmost box edge
lea di,even_pixels ;get offset of
add di,lrh_cor ;lower right hand corner
;of window
395
- 280 -
mov cx,xmax_s ;compute mask to draw
;right end of bottom line
call maskO
or es:[di],bl
;.......... restore all registers which
; were corrupted
POP es
pop ds
Pop di
Pop s i
POp dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax
pop bp;restore BASIC base
- ;pointer before returning
ret O;delete O parameter
;addresses (O bytes) from
;stack and return to
;calling routine
axes endp
; subroutine scaler(indata_ptr,outdata_
; ptr,numval)
;subroutine to scale data values within
;limits
;corresponding to data window. As a
;convenience,
i257395
- 281 -
;the data is inverted so ymax_d is at
;top of
;the window (screen values increase
:towards
;bottom of the screen)
;
;scaling occurs in two passes: first y
;is scaled, then x
scaler proc far
public scaler ;public symbols allow
external references
assume cs:cseg gr,es:dgroup
;BASIC defines regs
assume ss:dgroup,ds:dseg_wind
push bp ;save base pointer for the
;return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at frame
;structure
;.......... save additional registers and
; set up extra data seg
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
push si
push di
push ds
mov ax,dseg_wind ;set up extra data
;segment as assumed
mov ds,ax
:~L2-~39~
- 282 -
;....get data from BASIC point by point
; and scale according to
; data window. (use di,bx as
; holding registers)
mov si,es:[bp].outdata_ptr
;get pointer for scaled data output
mov si,es:[si] ;pointer is now in si
mov outptr,si ;save output pointer
mov si,es:[bp].numval
;get number of points to scale into cx
mov cx,es:[si]
mov numvalt,cx ;save value for second
;pass
mov si,es:[bp].indata_ptr
;get pointer to BASIC's array of data
mov si,es:[si];pointer for
;input is now in si
mov di,outptr;pointer for
;output is now in di
mov bx,ymax_s;put screen scale into
;bx
sub bx,ymin_s
mov ax,bx;use half screen scale
;as a roundoff correction
shr ax,l
mov rndoff,ax
mov bp,ymax_d;put data scale into bp
sub bp,ymin_d
~2~73~`~
- 283 -
getval: mov ax,es:[si] ;get data value from
;BASIC
cmp ax,ymin_d ;if less than ymin_d
5 jle minval ;then use minimum value
sub ax,ymax_d ;if greater than ymax_d
jge maxval ;then use maximum value
neg ax ;ax now has distance
;from full scale
mul bx ;multiply by screen
;scale (corrupts dx)
add ax,rndoff ;add roundoff correction
jnc div_d ;if no carry (ax,dx)
;pair is correct
inc dx ;otherwise increment dx
. ;(carry from add)
div_d: div bp ;and divide by data
;scale
20 add ax,ymin_s ;add screen offset.value
;to get final scaled
jmp nextval ;value
maxval: mov ax,ymax_s ;insert maximum value
25 jmp nextval
minval: mov ax,ymin_s ;insert minimum value
jmp nextval
30 nextval:mov es:[di],ax ;store y-scaled result
;in BASIC output array
inc si ;point to next data
;value (integer is 2 bytes)
inc si
35 inc di ;point to next output
;point for y-scaled data
~,2~q39~
- 284 -
inc di
loop getval ;if cx shows points
;remain, scale them
;.......... scale x-axis
mov di,outptr ;point di to beginning
;of output array
mov cx,numvalt ;restore counter for
;number of points
mov bp,xmax s ;put screen scale into
;bp
sub bp,xmin_s
mov bx,639 ;initialize bx_last to
;rightmost pixel
mov bx_last,bx
20xor ax,ax ;zero ax,bx to start
xor bx,bx ;bx points to x-unscaled
;source
get_ysc: mov si,es:[di][bx] ;get current value y
;scaled value into si
mov ax,bx ;calculate twice x-
;coordinate plus 1
inc ax ;(gives proper roundoff)
mul bp ;multiply by screen
;scale (corrupts dx)
div_x: div numvalt ;scale by number of
;input points
35and ax,OFFFEH ;trim off lsb for
;aligned access to words
~5739S
- 285 -
xchg ax,bx ;save source ptr in ax,
;using bx to point to
;offset of destination
;(which is a word)
cmp bx,bx_last ;see if we are on the
;same x-coordinate
jne y_save ;if not put a valid
;abcissa at this coordinate
cmp es:[di][bxl,si ;compare yscaled value
;to last yscaled value
jle y_more ;stored. if y was
;greater or equal then keep it
y_save: mov es:[di][bx],si ;else store yscaled
lS ;value in output array
mov bx_last,bx ;save current
;destination pointer
y more: xchg bx,ax ;restore bx register
inc bx ;point to next input
;point
inc bx
loop get_ysc ;continue scaling x
;until counter cx is zero
;.......... restore all registers which
; were corrupted
pop ds
Pop di
Pop s i
pop dx
pop cx
POP bx
~7 3
- 286 -
pop a~ ;
pop bp ;restore BASIC base
;pointer before returning
5 ret 6 ;delete 3 parameter
;addresses (6 bytes) from
;stack and return to
;calling routine
scaler endp
; utility routines local to the window ;
; module
;......... utility procedure for fast
; clearing of vertical cols
clr_col proc near
mov cx,dx ;set up counter for
;clearing ~irst column
clr_lp: and es:[di],bl ;clear a graphics byte
;using mask
xor di,2000H ;switch even/odd pixel
test di,2000H ;if odd pixel go to
loop ; statement
jnz go_clr
30add di,80 ;go to next even/odd
;pair
go_clr: loop clr_lp ;continue clearing this
;column
ret
clr_col endp
~i73~i
- 287 -
,......... utility procedure for fast
; drawing of vertical lines
drw_ln proc near
mov cx,dx ;set up counter for
;clearing first column
10 drw_lp: or es:[di],bl ;set a graphics bit
;using mask
xor di,2000H ;switch even/odd pixel
test di,2000H ;if odd pixel go to loop
;statement
jnz go_drw
add di,80 ;go to next even/odd
;pair
go_drw: loop drw_lp ;continue clearing this
;column
ret
drw ln endp
;.~....... utility for fast drawing of
; horizontal lines
hbarproc near ;requires di to have byte before
;first byte of line
;bh is used as a decrementing
;byte counter for number
;of bytes drawn
dec bh ;check to make sure at
;least one byte to plot
jz hbar_ok ;if bh=0 then done
~2573~5
- 288 -
hbar_lp:inc di ;go to next byte
mov byte ptr es:[di],OFFH ;set byte
dec bh ;decrement number of
;bytes remaining
jnz hbar_lp ;continue if more bytes
;need to be drawn
hbar_ok:ret
hbar endp
;......... utility procedure for
; computing bit mask for clears
maskO proc near ;uses value in cx to compute bit
;mask in bl
and cll7 ;using cx mod 8
mov bl,OFFH ;put mask in bl
jz maskO_ok ;if cx mod 8 <>O then
shr bl,cl ;shift mask
;appropriately
maskO_ok:xor bl, OFFH ; complement mask to set
;bits to be retained
ret
maskO endp
;......... utility procedure for
; computing bit mask for drawing
maskl proc near ;uses value in cx to compute bit
;mask in bl
39
- 289 -
and c1,7 ;using cx mod 8
mov bl,80H ;put mask in bl
jz maskl_ok ;if cx mod 8 <>0 then
shr bl,cl ;shift mask
;appropriately
maskl_ok:ret
maskl endp
cseg_gr ends
end
; subroutine fgraph (data_ptr,numval,x_coord,line_type)
; called from BASIC this routine graphs an array
; on the screen
; this routine is designed to allow rapid access
; to the screen to allow
20 ; real time graph generation.
;
__________
;
25 ; arguments passed by BASIC
;
;
; data_ptr - offset of BASIC array
; containing y-coordinates of
30 ; points to be plotted
, numval - number of values to plot
; x_coord - absolute (screen) x coordinate
; of first point
; succeeding values are plotted
35 ; at succeeding pixels
; line_type - if 0 then just plot points
~2~;;739S
- 290 -
; if not zero this byte value
; gives the line mask for
; plotting various lines
; (eg. 55H interpolates a line
5 ; between adjacent
; points with every other point
; on the interpolation
; line; in other words, a fine
dotted line)
___________
;.......... screen memory definition
15screen_memory segment at OB800H
even_pixels db 8000 dup(?) ;pixels with
;even y-coordinates
org 2000H;beginning of
;high screen memory
odd_pixels db 8000 dup(?) ;pixels with odd
;y-coordinates
screen_memory ends
frame struc ;define structure
savebp dw ? ;caller's base pointer
save_es dw ? ;save es on stack for
;return to BASIC
saveret dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
line_type dw ? ;mask for plotting
;various line types
35 x_coord dw ? ;x_coordinate of first
;point to be plotted
739S
-- 291 --
numval dw ? ;number of values in
;graph_data(*) array
data_ptr dw ? ;values to be graphed
;are passed in an array
;graph_data(*) pointed
;to by this pointer.
frame ends
cseg segment 'code'
dgroup group data,stack,const,heap,memory
;defining link to BASIC
assume cs:cseg,ds:dgroup,ss:dgroup
;BASIC defines regs
assume es:screen_memory ;use extra data
;segment to access the
;screen memory
fgraph proc far
public fgraph ;public symbols allow
;external references
push es ;save BASIC's es
;register
push bp ;save base pointer for
;the return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame structure
;.......... save additional registers
push ax
push bx
push cx
~Zs7~9s
- 292 -
push dx
push si
push di
;this routine assumes that the proper
;graphics
;mode has been established (eg., <SCREEN
;2>)
mov si,[bp].numval ;get number of points
;remaining to be graphed.
mov ax,[si]
or ax,ax ;if number of
;repetitions is zero we're done.
jnz setup ;otherwise there is work
;remaining.
jmp finish ;done
;.......... temporary storage area
; (aligned on word boundary)
even
25 numval_t dw ? ;number of points left
;to plot
x_now dw ? ;byte offset in screen
;memory for x-coordinate
last_x dw ? ;last x-coord (saved for
;return to BASIC)
last_y dw ? ;last y-coord (used only
;for line plots)
last_di dw ? ;last screen offset
;(used only for line plots)
35 line_mask db ? ;line mask is the
;rotating buffer which is
~Z5739~;
- 293 -
;to generate various
;dotted/dashed lines
pixel_mask db ? ;pixel mask is used to
;set one pixel in the
;screen memory (using an
;OR instruction)
setup: mov last_di,OffffH ;initialize last_di to
;ffff
mov numval_t,ax ;save number of points
;to plot
mov si,[bp].line_type ;get line type mask
;from BASIC
15mov ax,[si]
mov line_mask,al ;and store lower byte in
;local storage
mov si,[bp].x_coord ;get x coordinate of
;first point from BASIC
mov axt[si]
mov bx,numval_t ;get number of points in
;order
dec bx ;to compute
25add bx,ax ;the last x-coordinate
cmp bx,640 ;x-coordinate is modulo
;640
jle lst_x ;if less than 640 store
;value
30sub bx,640 :else make less than 640
lst_x: mov last_x,bx ;store last_x value for
;return to BASIC
mov bx,seg even_pixels ;set up screen
;memory as extra segment
mov es,bx ; (note: cannot move an
~2 ~ 3
- 294 -
;immediate direct to es)
mov cl,al ;get low byte of x_
;coordinate
5and c1,7 ;modulo 8
mov pixel_mask,80H ;initialize pixel mask
;to first bit
jz mask_ok ;if x_coord mod 8 is
;zero, the mask is ok
10shr pixel_mask,cl ;rotate mask bit to
;correct position
mask_ok:mov c1,3 ;x coord/8 is byte
;offset for pixel
15shr ax,cl ;this result is termed x_
;now
mov x_now,ax
mov di,[bp].data_ptr
;use [si] with offset in bx to access y
mov si,[di] ;coordinates in BASIC
;data(*) array
mov bx,0 ;initialize to first
;element of array
mov dx,[si][bx] ;get first y-coordinate
;from BASIC
mov last_y,dx ;and initialize last_y
get_y: mov dx,[si][bx] ;get y-coordinate from
;BASIC
mov ax,dx ;ax is used to calculate
;screen memory offset
shr ax,l ;divide by two to get
;rid of lsb
mov c1,80 ;80 bytes per line (lsb
;gives interlace)
73g~;
- 295 -
mul cl ;ax is offset for y-
;coord in screen memory
add ax,x_now ;add offset for x~
;coordinate to y offset in ax
mov di,ax ;and put x,y offset into
;di
test dx,l ;if y_coordinate was
;even
jz ln_beg ;then we are ready to
;plot a point or a line
add di,2000H ;odd pixels require the
;interlace offset
ln_beg: cmp last_di,OffffH ;if last_di is not ffff
;(first point)
jne lst_di ;then go to set next
;pixel
mov last_di,di ;else initialize di
;properly
lst_di: cmp line_mask,O ;if line mask is not O
jne draw_line ;then draw the
;approrpiate line
set_px: mov al,pixel_mask ;else set pixel using OR
;with mask
or even_pixels[di],al
jmp more ;and go to next point
;......... drawing the required line
draw_line:xchg di,last_di ;get old screen memory
;location to start
mov cx,last_y ;cx will be the y
;distance to current pixel
sub cx,dx ;dx still has current y-
;coord.
~;739~i
- 296 -
jcxz ln_done ;if cx is zero then plot
;only one point
jg nxt_pxu ;if last_y>y-coord then
;draw up on screen
;since lowest y is at
;top of screen
;......... draw a line down on screen
; (increasing y)
neg cx ;cx was negative
jmp nxt_pix ;only plot one point per
;y-coord if possible
dn_lp: shl line_mask,l ;set up line mask for
;next pixel
jnc nxt_pix ;if no bits are shifted
;out then no pixel here
or line_mask,l ;is msb was shifted out,
;now set lsb
mov al,pixel_mask ;load pixel mask and
or even_pixels[di],al ;set pixel using
;OR with mask
;......... now find next pixel position
; for line
nxt_pix:xor di,2000H ;change from high to low
;memory (or vice versa)
test di,2000H ;if in high screen
;memory
jnz dn_di ;then di points to next
;pixel
add di,80 ;else go to next line in
- ;lower memory
35 dn_di: loop dn_lp ;do another pixel in
;this line
~2!~
- 297 -
jmp ln_done ;plot last pixel when
;done
;......... draw a line up on screen
; tdecreasing y)
up_lp: shl line_mask,l ;set up line mask for
;next pixel
jnc nxt_pxu ;if no bits are shifted
;out then no pixel here
or line_mask,l ;is msb was shifted out,
;now set lsb
mov al,pixel_mask ;load pixel mask and
or even_pixels[di],al ;set pixel using
;OR with mask
;......... now find next pixel position
; for line
nxt_pxu:xor di,2000H ;change from high to low
;memory ~or vice versa)
test di,2000H ;if in low screen memory
jz up_di ;then di points to next
;pixel
sub di,80 ;else go to next line in
;upper memory
up_di: loop up_lp ;do another pixel in
;this line
; jmp ln_done ;plot last pixel when
;done(statement not needed
30 ; here)
;.......... finish up with line by
; storing current data
~.2~;739~;
- ~98 -
ln_done:shl line_mask,l ;set up line mask for
;next pixel
jnc end_pix ;if no bits are shifted
;out then no pixel here
or line_mask,l ;is msb was shifted out,
;now set lsb
mov al,pixel_mask ;load pixel mask and
or even_pixels[di],al ;set pixel using
;OR with mask
10 end_pix:mov last_y,dx ;save present y-
;coordinate
mov last_di,di ;save present
;pixel byte pointer
;.... O.... prepare for next point if
; - there is one
more: dec numval_t ;one less point left now
jz finish ;finished if none left
inc bx ;if not done increment
;base index by 2 to point
inc bx ;to next y-coord in
;BASIC array
shr pixel_mask,l ;move pixel mask to next
;x-coord
jnz go_gety ;if mask points to some
;pixel get the y-coord
mov pixel_mask,80H ;otherwise set up mask
;for next 8 x-coordinates
inc x_now ;x_now points to next
;byte (for next 8 pts)
inc last_di ;fix last di to point to
;present column
cmp x_now,80 ;there are only 80 bytes
;per line, so
~s73gs
- 299 -
jl go_gety ;if x_now<80 then x_now
;is ok to get next y
mov x_now,0 ;otherwise wrap around
;to x_now=0
5sub last_di,80 ,also reset di to first
;column
go_gety:jmp get_y
lO;..... ~... finish up and send present
; pointers,mask to BASIC
finish: mov al,line_mask ;get present line mask
xor ah,ah ;zero upper byte
15mov si,[bp].line_type ;and
mov [si]~ax ;send to BASIC
mov ax,last_x ;get last x-coordinate
mov si,[bp].x_coord ;and send to BASIC
mov [si],ax
;......... restore all registers which
; were corrupted
POP di
25pop si
PP dx
PP cx
POP bx
pop ax
pop es ;restore the es register
;and
pop bp ,restore BASIC base
;pointer before returning
ret 8 ;delete 4 parameter
~2~;~39~;
- 300 -
;addresses (8 bytes) from;stack and return to
;calling routine
fgraph endp cseg ends
end
~Z~i7;~'95
- 301 --
APPEND I X C
' CALIB - program to calibrate instruments using
board~l
' last revision: 1985
defint a-y
' only z denotes a real number
dim buffer(12800)
hrbpm=O
zfqlow=O.
zfqres=O.
zlfa=O.
zrfa=O.
cls
'define ports on 8253
timerO=&h704
timerl=&h705
timer2=&h706
con8253=&h707
' set timer modes to 16 bit square wave rate
' generators
out con8253,&h36
out con8253,&h76
out con8253,&hB6
5 'for testing set timer O to lOOHz timebase
out timerl,164
~25~
- 302 -
out timerl,3
out timer2,0
'set timer O to 1280Hz timebase
out timer2,5
' (2.38MHz/1864) (1864=2*256+104)
'set timer 2 as a lHz
' clock at
'startup
hrbpm=60 '(gives a heart rate
' signal at
'60bpm)
out timerO,l 'set timer O as a flip
~ flop
out timerO,O
' turn the gates on using the 8255 at bits 0,1,2
' on portc
porta=~H70C
portb=&H70D
portc=&H71E
con8255=6H7lF
' port A output port B input port C output
' first set all 8255 ports to output, then set
portc to
' OFFH
out con8255,130
out portc,~HOFF
' first print out the present value of the
' interrupt
' vectors
locate 4,1
~2 $~ 39 5
gosub 10000
' install the interrupt with a dummy buffer and
' print
' vectors
reseter=256
call wrbuffer(reseter)
reseter=128
call wrbuffer(reseter)
call instint
locate 5,1
gosub 10000
' now go through required startup subroutines
gosub 90
' set up breathing signal
gosub 70
' set up heart rate variations
gosub 50
' put some information on screen
gosub 80 ' turn D/A on
locate 1,1
~5 print "commands: h(rvar),i(nt
on),q(uit),r~beats),b(reath),c(ounts)"
' wait until user hits a key
savekey$=""
while
len(savekey$)=O:savekey$=savekey$+inkey$:wend
if savekey$="r" then gosub 50
'print heart beats
if savekey$="q" then goto 9996 'quit
if savekey$="c" then gosub 60 'print timers
739~;
-- 304 --
if savekey$="h" then gosub 70
'set up heart rate variations unmask interrupts
if savekey$="i" then gosub 80
if savekey$="b" then gosub 90
'set up breathing signal
savekey$=""
goto 40
'print present value of heartbeats
locate 7,1
call rdbeat(n)
print "present heart beats are: ";n;time$
return
' print present value of counters
out control,O 'latch timerO
tlowO=inp(timerO)
thighO=inp(timerO)
out control,&h40 'latch timerl
tlowl=inp(timerl)
thighl=inp(timerl)
out control,&h80 'latch timer2
tlow2=inp(timer2)
thigh2=inp(timer2)
locate 8,1
print "timerO:
";tlowO+thighO*16;tab(20);" timerl:
";tlowl+thighl*16;
print tab(40);"timer2: ";tlow2+thigh2*16
return
' set up the heart rate variations
~S7395
- 305 -
respiratory frequency is given by
128OHz/buffer
length
' low frequency is 1280Hz/low frequency
' divider
if numval<=O then beep:print "setup analog
buffer first":return
71 locate 17,1
print "present lfa,rfa(bpm)= ";zlfa,zrfa,"at
freqs(Hz):";zfqlow,zfqres
input "lfa,rfa,low freq: ",zlfan,zrfan,zfqlown
if zlfan>30. then beep:goto 71 else zlfa=zlfan
if zrfan>30. then beep:goto 71 else zrfa=zrfan
if zfqlown<.O2 or zfrlown>zfqres then beep:goto
71 else
zfqlow=zfqlown
locate 21,1
print "mean heart rate(bpm)= ";hrbpm
72 locate 22,1
input "new mean heart rate(bpm): ",newhrbpm
if newhrbpm>l50 or newhrbpm<30 then beep:goto 72
else
hrbpm=newhrbpm
'clear screen after input
locate 17,1
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
print space$(72)
' now compute values for hrsetup subroutine
meandiv=76800#/hrbpm '1280*60 ticks/min gives
' ticks/beat
~573~S
- 306 ~
rfascal=76800#/(hrbpm-zrfa)-76800#/(hrbpm+zrfa)
' rfascal is the total excursion
' of respiration
lfascal=76800#/(hrbpm-zlfa)-76800#/(hrbpm+zlfa)
' lfascal is the total excursion
' of low frequency
lowd.v=meandiv-(rfascal+lfascal)/2#
tbaserst=1280#/zfqlow
locate 17,1
print "tbaserst,rfascal,lfascal,lowdiv:
";tbaserst;rfascal;lfascal;
print lowdiv
call hrsetup(tbaserst,rfascal,lfascal,lowdiv)5
return
' print out interrupt controller parameters
locate 10,1
mask=inp(&h21)
mask=maskx or 24
out &h21,mask
mask=inp(&h21)
print "8259 IMR(interrupt mask regsiter)=
";mask;"
=";hex$(mask)
return
' this subroutine will change the analog buffer
locate 12,1
input "enter breathing rate (bpm): ",brate
if brate>75 or brate<7 then beep:goto 90
312~739S
- 307 -
zfqres=brate/60#
numval=76800#/brate
ztincr=8*ATN(l#)/numval
locate 12,40
color 31:print "calculating respiratory
signal............ .":color
call exstint ' turn off interrupts
' while
resetting buffer
reseter=256
call wrbuffer(reseter)
for itime=0 to numval
ztnow=ztnow+ztincr
analogval=127*(1#+SIN(ztnow))
call wrbuffer(analogval)
next itime
call instint
locate 12,40
print "respiratory signal active now "
return
' exstall the interrupt and print vector
9996 cls
locate 4,1
gosub 10000
call exstint
locate 5,1
gosub 10000
locate 21,1
9999 stop
' subroutine to print out the interrupt vectors
~7;3~95
- 308 -
10000 def seg=0
print "IRQ3 @0~*4~: ";hex$(peek(&h2C));"
";hex$(peek(&h2D));" ";
print hex$(peek(&h2E));"
";hex$(peek(&h2F));tab(40);
print "IRQ4 @OC*4H: " hex$(peek(&h30));"
";hex$(peek(&h31));" ";
print hex$(peek(&h32));" ",hex$(peek(~h33))
return
end
- 309 -
page 66,80
; bdzint.asm - an assembler routine to handle interrupts
; from IRQ3
; Last revision: 1 April 1985
;
; 8088 interrupt location
absO segment at O ;absolute memory segment
;allows placement of
;interrupt address
;future timebase
; interrupt handler
; resides at int OB
IRQ3_int dw 2 dup(?);offset value is a word
org OCH*4 ;heart beat interrupt
;handler resides at int
; OC
IRQ4_int dw 2 dup(?);offset value is a word
absO ends
; int_buffer: area to save DOS
; dummy interrupt ptr
int_buffer segment ;data segment containing
;user interrupt buffer
save_int dw4 dup(?);offset for two DOS
~2~ S
- 310 -
:interrupts saved
;to be restored using
;exstint
5 int_buffer ends
; working storage for
; time base interrupts
15 dseg_tbase segment ;data segment for timebase
; interrupt
heartbeats dw ? ;keep track of heart beats
; here (for debugging)
base_rate dw ? ;lowest divisor for heart
; rate
lfa_scal db ? ;low frequency modulation
rfa_scal db ? ;high frequency modulation
tbase_ctr dw ? ;counter for timebase
; interrupt
;luse for low frequency
; generation)
tbase_rst dw ? ;reset value for tbase_ctr
; used to set low frequency
tbase_ptr dw ? ;pointer to present analog
; value
tbase len dw ? ;length of analog data buffer
tbase_buffer db 2800dup(?) ;buffer for A/D values
dseg_tbase ends
~z~
- 311 -
;_________ ;
; setup structures to allow access to;
; arguments pased by BASIC
; subroutine rdbeat(BASIC_beats)
frame_rd struc ;define the stack
;structure for passing
;arguments to BASIC
savebpl dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveretl dd ? ;return offset and
;segment pushed by BASIC
BASIC beats dw ? ;place to return heart
;beats to BASIC
frame_rd ends
;subroutine wrbuffer (analog)
frame_wr struc ;define the stack structure
; for passing
;arguments from BASIC to
; analog buffer
savebp2 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveret2 dd ? ;return offset and segment
; pushed by BASIC
analog dw ? ;place to receive analog value
; from BASIC
frame_wr ends
;subroutine hrsetup(B_lreset,
; Brfa_scal,Blfa_scal,Bbase_
; rate)
frame_hr struc ;define the stac~ structure for
; passing
;arguments from BASIC to heart
; rate controls
~5~ 5
- 312 -
savebp3 dw ? ;caller's base pointer
saveret3 dd ? ;return offset and segment pushed
; by BASIC
Bbase_rate dw ? ;BASIC's lowest divider for heart
; rate
Blfa_scal dw ? ;BASIC's low frequency scaler
; (amplitude)
Brfa_scal dw ? ;BASIC's high frequency scaler
; (amplitude)
10 B_lreset dw ? ;BASIC's low frequency timer
; reset value
frame_hr ends
;.......... code segment begins here
cseg_calibs segment 'code'
basic_dgroup group data,stack,const,heap,memory
;defining link to BASIC
porta equ 0700H ;port definitions for
;8255 port expander
portb equ 0708H ;these addresses are
;decoded on the homemade
portc equ 0710H ;board
control equ 0718H ;control word in the
;8255
timerO equ 0720H ;8253 timerO register
timerl equ 0721H ;8253 timerl register
timer2 equ 0722H ;8253 timer2 register
con8253 equ 0723H ;8253 control register
; timebase interrupt handler (not accessible to;
; BASIC)
35 ; - ----------------------;
;this routine reads the A/D every timerO
~25739~;
313
;tick
;with the next point in the analog
;buffer
tbase_int proc far ;this procedure is not
;made public
assume cs:cseg_sync,ds:dseg_
base,es:nothing,ss:nothing
push ax ;save registers used
;during interrupt
push bx
push dx
push ds
mov ax,dseg_base ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov ds,ax
;.......... .increment counter used for
;low frequency generation
dec tbase_ctr ;decrement
; interrupt counter
jnz ctr_ok ;if not zero then
; continue
mov ax,tbase_rst ;else reload reset
;value
mov tbase_ctr,ax ;
ctr_ok:
,.......... get analog value from
;buffer and send to DAC
5
mov bx,tbase_ptr ;get pointer to
~.2$~39~
- 314 -
;analog datadec bx
mov al,tbase_buffer[bx] ;get analog
; value
mov dx,porta ;send analog value
;to DAC
out dx,al
mov dx,control ;toggle the write
;latch for the DAC
mov al,6 ;by using direct bit
;reset
out dx,al ;and
inc al ;reset commands
out dx,al
dec tbase_ptr ;point to next
;value
jnz tbase eoi ;if zero, reset
;pointer
mov ax,tbase_len ;reset with buffer
;length
mov tbase_ptr,ax
;.......... acknowledge interrupt to
; 8259A
tbase eoi: mov al,20H ;send EOI to 8259A
out 20H,al
pop ds ;restore registers which
;were used
pop dx
PP bx
PP ax
iret ;return to place where
~25~ 5
- 315 -
;interrupt occurred
debugmsgl db 'this is the end of the time
base interrupt'
tbase_int endp
; heart beat interrupt handler (not accessible ;
; to BASIC)
;this routine updates the timerl rate generator
;every heart beat with the divider necessary to
;generate the next heart beat
;
;the respiratory modulation is given by a scaler
; (0-255)
;times the present value of the respiratory
; signal.
;the low frequency modulation is given by scaler
; (0-255)
;times a value selected from the respiratory
; buffer.
;the value selected is the
; (tbase_ctr/tbase_rst)*buffer_length
;element
hbeat_int proc far ;this procedure is not
;made public
assume cs:cseg_calibs,ds:dseg_tbase
assume es:nothing,ss:nothing
125~7395
- ~16 -
push ax ;save registers during
;interrupt
push bx
push cx
push dx
push ds
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov ds,ax
inc heartbeats ;increment heart
; beat counter
;....... calculate low frequency
; modulation
; (the tbase buffer is used as a trig
; table here)
mov ax,tbase_ctr ;get number of
;1280Hz pulses
dec ax
mul tbase_len ;scale by length
;of respiratory
; buffer
div tbase_rst ;divided by reset
;value to get
pointer
mov bx,ax ;to low frequency
; modulation
mov al,tbase_buffer[bx] ;get
; sinusoidal
; modulation
mul lfa_scal ;and scale
; appropriately
mov cx,ax ;cx accumulate
;divider for
3~2~73~35
- 317 -
; 1280Hz clock
;........ calculate respiratory
; modulation
mov bx,tbase_ptr ;get present
;respiration
;signal
mov al,tbase_buffer[bx] ;from
;buffer
mul rfa_scal ;scale with rfa
;scaler
add cx,ax ;and add to cx
add cx,base_rate ;finally add base
;rate to get
; value for
;timerl (heart
;rate
generator ; on
; 8253)
;............... send new divider to 8253
; timer
mov al,76H ;set timer 1 to
;square wave
; generator
mov dx,con8253
out dx,al
mov dx,timerl ;send divider to
;timel
mov al,cl ;low byte first
out dx,al
mov al,ch ;high byte next
out dx,al
~s~
- 318 -
;.......... acknowledge interrupt to
; 8259A
mov al,20H ;send EOI to 8259A
out 20H,al
pop ds ;restore registers and
PP dx
pop cx
PP bx
pop ax
iret ;return to place where
;interrupt occurred
15 debugmsg2 db 'this is the end of the heart
beat interrupt'
hbeat_int endp
; subroutine instint (install_interrupts)
instint proc far
public instint
;public symbol allows external references
;es,ds used to access interrupt and must
; be restored movsw
;uses (ds:si)(es:di) addr
assume cs:cseg_calibs,ss:basic_
dgroup,ds:basic_dgroup
assume es:int_buffer
;.......... save registers
~S~73~5
- 319 ~
push ds ;save ds register on the
; stack
push es ;save es register on the
; stack
s
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
; for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;address of BASIC analog
;data buffer
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push si
push di
;set up the segment registers as assumed
mov ax,int_buffer
;es points to buffer area to save
;DOS dummy interrupt vector
mov es,ax
mov ax,O ;ds points to
;absO (interrupt table)
mov ds,ax
assume ds:absO
;setup access to interrupt vectors
lea di,save_int ;load offset of
;save_int in es,di
lea si,IRQ3_int ;load offset of
;IRQ3_int in ds,si
movsw ;save DOS dummy
;interrupt vectors to be
movsw ;restored later
~Lz~j73g~;
-- 320 --
movsw ;now saving IRQ4
movsw
5 ;install the DAC timebase (IRQ3)
mov IRQ3_int+2,cseg_calibs
mov IRQ3_int,offset tbase_int;
;interrupt handler now
;install the heart beat (IRQ4) interrupt handler now
mov IRQ4_int+2,cseg_calibs;
mov IRQ4_int,offset hbeat_int;
;.......... return to BASIC
pop di ;restore additional
registers
PP s i
PP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer and
pop es ;segment registers
before returning
pop ds
ret 0 ;delete 0 parameters (0
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg3 db 'this is the end of the
interrupt installation'
35 instint endp
3L257395
- 3~1 -
; subroutine exstint (exstall_ ;
; interrupts)
exstint proc far
public exstint ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,ss:basic_dgroup
assume ds:int_buffer,es:absO
;es,ds used to access interrupt
;vectors and must be restored
;movsw uses (ds:si)(es:di) addr
;.......... save registers
push ds ;save ds register on the
; stack
push es ;save es register on the
; stack
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
; for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
; frame reference to
;access arguments passed
; by BASIC (none here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push si
push di
;set up the segment
; registers as assumed
'12,5q3~35
- 322 -
mov ax,O ;es points to
;absO (interrupt table)
mov es,ax
mov ax,int_buffer ;ds points to
;buffer area to save
mov ds,ax ;DOS dummy
;interrupt vector
;setup access to interrupt vectors
lea di,IRQ3_int ;load offset of
;IRQ3_int in es,di
lea si,save_int ;load offset of
;save_int in ds,si
movsw ;restore DOS
;dummy interrupt vectors
movsw ;for IRQ3
movsw ;and IRQ4
movsw
;.......... return to BASIC
pop di ;restore additional
registers
pop si
pop ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
pop es ;pointer and segment
pop ds ;registers before
;returning
ret O ;delete O parameters (O
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
~ ~7 ~9
- 323 -
debugmsg4 db 'this is the end of the
interrupt exstallation'
exstint endp
; -- ------------------------------------------~----~;
; subroutine rdbeat (read_heart_beats
15 rdbeat proc far
public rdbeat ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,es:dseg_tbase
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
;......... save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
;for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC tone here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push es
push di
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
~573~
- 324 -
;register for data area
mov es,ax
mov ax,heartbeats ;get
;beats from local memory
mov di,[bp].BASIC_ beats
mov [di],ax ;send
;beats to BASIC
;.......... return to BASIC
pop di ;restore additional
registers
pop es
POP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer,
ret 2 ;delete 2 parameters (4
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg5 db 'this is the end of the heart
beat read routine'
rdbeat endp
; subroutine wrbuffer(analog)
wrbuffer proc far
~2~;'73~5
- 325 -
public wrbuffer ;public symbol allows
;external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,es:dseg_tbase
assume ds:basic dgroup,ss:basic dgroup
;..... ~... save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base pointer
;for return to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer at
;frame reference to
;access arguments passed
;by BASIC (one here)
push ax ;save additional
;registers
push bx
push es
push si
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for data area
mov es,ax
mov si,[bp].analog ;get analog value
;from BASIC
mov ax,[si]
test ah,OFFH ;if upper byte is
;zero
jz new_buff ;then install a
;new point in the
;buffer
mov tbase_len,0 ;otherwise reset
;the buffer
mov tbase_ptr,l
jmp wr_ret
~,2~739s
- 326 -
mov bx,tbase_len ;get present
;pointer and use
;it
mov tbase_buffer[bx],al ;to store
;buffer value
inc tbase_len ;point to next
;buffer value
;.......... return to BASIC
pop si ;restore additional
;registers
15 wr_ret: pop es ;wr_ret:
pop bx
POP ax
pop bp ;restore ~ASIC's base
;pointer,
ret 2 ;delete 1 parameters (2
;bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
;calling routine
debugmsg6 db 'this is the end of the buffer
write routine'
wrbuffer endp
; subroutine hrsetup(B_lreset,Brfa_scal,Blfa_scal,
; Bbase_rate)
35 ; --------------------;
125739S
- 327 -
proc far
public hrsetup ;public symbol allows
external references
assume cs:cseg_calibs,es:dseg_tbase
assume ds:basic_dgroup,ss:basic_dgroup
;............ save registers
push bp ;save BASIC base
;pointer for return
;to BASIC
mov bp,sp ;point stack pointer
;at frame
;reference to~
;access arguments
;passed by BASIC
;(one here)
~0 push ax ;save additional
;registers
push es
push si
mov ax,dseg_tbase ;set up segment
;register for
;data area
mov es,ax
mov si,[bp].Bbase_rate ;get lowest
;divisor for heart
mov ax,[si] ;rate from BASIC
mov base_rate,ax ;and save in local
; data
; segment
~57395
- 3~8 -
mov si,[bp],Blfa_sacl ,get low freq
; modulation
; scale
mov ax,[si] ; from BASIC
mov lfa_scal,al ;and save LSbyte in
;local data
; segment
mov si,[bp].Brfa_scal ;get high freq
; modulation scale
mov ax,[si] ;from BASIC
mov rfa_scal,al ;and save
;LSbyte in local data
;segment
mov si,[bp].B_lreset ;get low freq
; timer reset value
mov ax,[si] ;from BASIC
mov tbase_rst,ax ;and save in
; local data segment
;.......... return to BASIC
pop si ;restore additional
;registers
pop es
POP ax
pop bp ;restore BASIC's base
;pointer,
ret 8 ;delete 4 parameters (8
; bytes) from the stack
;and return to the
; calling routine
35 debugmsg 7 db 'this is the end of the heart rate
setup routine'
~l2~7395
-- 329 --
hrsetup endp
cseg_calibs ends
end
