Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
L~60
F~LD OF INVENTION
This invention relates ~o automatic vending machines
and components therefor, and in one aspect is adapted to permit
the automatic dispensing of rented video cassettes and the
S return of such video cassettes illtO a store in the au~omatic
vending machine for future dispensing. In another aspect this
invention relates to a method of operation of automatic vending
machines .
BACKGROUND OF lNVEN~ON
A variety of vending machines are in common use
comprising a store for items which may be mechanically
dispensed from the store through an opening accessible to a
patron -- for example, cigarette vending machines. Usually, the
store in such a machine comprises a stack or column con~aining
15 identical items, for example, the same brand of cigarette. The
lowermost item in the stack may be ejected upon activating a
mechanism. If a variety of items are to be dispensed, a pluIality
of stacks, one for each brand, and a plurality of ejectors, one for
the bottom of each stack, are necessary. In another type of
2 0 vending machine, a plurality of compartments each containing
one item may be provided, each compartment accessible through
a door to the compartment which opens, permitting the contents
to be removed, upon the patron depositing sufficient coinage.
The latter type of vending machine is vulnerable to vandalism
2 5 since the contents of each compartment may be exposed by
forcing the door to the compartment.
Until recently, vending machines have not been
adapted to permit the dispensing and return of items on a rental
basis. Video cassettes are relatively expensive when compared
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to the type of items typically dispensed from vending machines
and at the same time are capable of numerous viewings. They
therefore are an ideal item to be rented from and returned to a
machine. In this applica~ion, the essential deficiency of vending
5 machines commonly in use where the store comprises a plurality
of stacks or columns is that each stack can carry only one title.
While a stack will permit a numl~er of copies of the same video
cassette to be carried in the stack, the variety of titles is limited
to the number of available stacks. Given the size of video
10 cassettes and the practical limits on the size of vending
machines, a limit of twenty stacks is reasonable. Where the
s~ore comprises a plurality of compartments each with an access
door, ~ greater variety of inventory may be stored, however,
practical problems remain since there are limits to the amount of
15 inventory which may be stored and each compartment
containing a video cassette worth approximately $100.00 would
be exposed to vandalisrn.
In one machine permitting the rental and return of
articles (in a preferred embodiment video cassettes) taught by
2 0 United States Patent Number 4,458,802 ("~aciver"), a video
cassette store in the form of a carousel mounted to rotate about a
vertical axis and having a number o~ circumferentially spaced
compartments is disclosed. ~ach video cassette corresponds to
its own particular compartment in the store. Rotation of the
2 5 carousel registers each circumferentially spaced compartment
corresponding to a selected video cassette with a delivery
receptacle. For dispensing the video cassette from the
compartment, an ejection lever pushes the selected cassette from
the compartment into the delivery receptacle. To return a video
a
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cassette, the patron manually places it in the delivery receptacle,
a bar code is read identifying the cassette and the carousel
rotates until the compartment corresponding to the cassette
being returned registers with the delivery receptacle.
To operate the machine a patron presents to the
machine a hire token which has been made available to the
patron only if a predetermined deposit has been made to
provide a positive amount on the card which is readable by an
optical or magnetic sensor. The hire token, upon presentation, is
stored in the machine. The patron then inserts a payment token
which may be in the form of one or more coins, or, in the
alternative, the machine will keep a permanent record of the
details of the patron and of the article rented to him so that an
account can be sent periodically to him. The patron may then
select a video cassette. Upon return of the video cassette the
hire token is released, or, if the video cassette is overdue and
charges are owing, the hire token is not released until the
charges are paid. More desirable would be the provision of an
automatic vending machine which will read any banking
2 0 transaction or credit card (for example, visaT M, American
ExpressTM, Master CardTM) to conduct a ~financial transaction
with any patron presenting a valid banking transaction or credit
card, rather than l;miting authorized transactions to patrons
presenting a valid "hire token in the form of a card 29"
2 5 identifiable with a known patron.
One of the essential aspects of United States Patent
Number 4,458,802 ("Maciver") is that when the patron returns
the cassette to the machine after use of the cassette, the machine
upon recognizing the code on the article previously selected by
.
~ 4 . 1~60~7
the patron, accepts it into its own particular compartment in a
store. Therefore, a returned article is stored in its own
compartment stored in the machine memory and which cassette
then becomes accessible for further dispensing. "Maciver"
5 acknowledges by his disclosure of two further modified versions
of the machine that the preferred embodiment employing
circumferentially spaced compartments in a rotatable carousel
registrable with a delivery receptacle has a limited capacity to
store a large inventory permitting bolh variety and duplication
l 0 of titles. In one of the modified versions (seen in Figure 22 of
"Maciver") there is provided a plurality of stacks of cassettes
contained in columns. Control circuitry allows a customer to
remove the cassette from the bottom of the stack. To re~urn the
cassette, the patron slides it into the top of any one of the
l 5 columns. In the other modified version (seen in Figure 23 of
"Maciver") there is provided a plurality of compartments, each
for containing one video cassette corresponding to the particular
compartment, and a plurality of closure gates for guarding access
to each compartment. Control circui~ry opens the appropriate
2 0 gate corresponding to the compartment containing the selected
title and opens the appropriate gate to permit a cassette being
returned to be redeposited in its own particular compartment.
"Maciver's" proposals are illustrative of the deficiencies of the
prior art. If a plurali~y of stacks is employed there is a practical
2 5 limit to the number of such stacks employable and therefore the
variety of titles which may fit into a machine of manageable size
is limited. If a plurality of separate compartments each with its
own closure gate is employed, each closure gate is vulnerable to
vandalism. This is a pract;cal problem, since even a modest
'
.''
x~o~
inventory of one hundred video cassettes could be worth
$10,000.00. In addition, a machine employing a large number of
closure gates would be mechanically complex and therefore
susceptible to failure.
S Another machine permitting the rental and return of
video cassettes is taught by United States Patent Number
4,414,467 ("&ould"). That patent teaches a vending ordering
terminal at which a patron can selectively preview a video
cassette before purchasing or renting it. "Gould" also teaches the
use of a mechanism which ascertains the address in a store of a
video cassette to be vended. As far as is apparent from the
disclosure in "C~ould", the store is activated at the address of the
selected video cassette so as to eject the video cassette from the
store: the use of one of six columns of vending apparatus and
one of four rows of vending apparatus motors in combination
generates a matrix address selecting one of twenty-four vending
apparatus motors which may be activated to eject or vend the
selected video cassette. A return chute permits a patron to
return the rented video cassette. For cassette recognition
2 0 purposes means are provided to read a code on the video
cassette to enable the machine to selectively reject the return of
the video cassette deposited. As best may be determined from
"Gould", a returned video cassette is not automatically returned
to an address in a store which may be recalled from machine
2 S memory and be accessible for further dispensing. Furthermore,
insofar as "Gould" discloses a vending mechanism whîch ejec~s a
video cassette from an address in a store, "Gould" illustrates
another deficiency apparent in the prior art. Since only twenty-
four addresses may be selected in the store, the variety of titles
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- 6 - ~L260~L~7
which may be stored is limited to twenty-four.
In another aspect, "Gould" teaches a complete
transaction terminal wherein a customer inserts a magnetically
encoded credit card into a card reader, thereby providing
5 customer identification which is sent to a computer memory.
The computer will store data representative of the rental or
return of a video cassette including matching the patron to the
vended cassette and ~he charges for the transaction. A number
of peripherals necessary for communication between the patron
10 and the computer are provided in the terminal including a
keyboard, information display screen, bar code sensor to scan a
video cassette vended from or returned to the terminal so that it
may be registered in the computer memory, and a receipt
printer.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that
aspects of United States Patent Number 4,414,467 ("Gould")
relating to transaction terminals are known in respect of banking
~ransaction terminals. Particularly, transaction terminals for
conducting banking transactions between a customer and the
2 0 proprietor of the terminal are in common use. See for example
United States Patent Number 4,134,537 ("Glaser") which teaches
a banking transaction terminal essentially comprising a method
of taking a customer through a transaction in an error-free
manner. The terminal is initially activated by inserting a card
2 S identifying the user, for example, a magnetically encoded credit
card. A keyboard and screen for displaying messages are
provided .
In another aspect, "Gould" teaches a security chest to
house all components of the terminal system, which may include
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a supply of cash and a cash dispensing mechanism, and may also
include a depository for receiving customer deposits. The
depository mechanism for receiving deposits from a depository
slot may include a printer so as to print an identifying deposit
5 number on each deposit, and means to transport the deposit to a
depository bin. As far as is apparent from the disclosure in
"Glaser", no automatic means are provided to read, scan or
otherwise confirm the face value of the money comprising the
deposit.
l O In another banking transaction terminal taught by United
States Patent Number 4,442,346 ("Bosinger") there is disclosed a
transaction terminal having a plurality of twenty
circumferentially disposed compartments radially spaced from a
centre of a carousel which compartments may each be rotated
l 5 selectively to register with an access opening so that only the
selected article is accessible through the opening. A particular
denomina~ion of bank note may be associated with a particular
compartment. Similarly, currency may be deposited into an
empty compartment. The device disclosed in "Bosinger" is
2 0 designed to provide control means to ensure that only the
selected compartment is visible through the opening to a user.
As far as is apparent from the disclosure in "Bosinger", currency
deposited in one of the circumferentially disposed
compartments is not accessible for subsequent dispensing to a
2 5 cus~omer making a withdrawal.
It is therefore an object of this invention to provide
an improved automatic vending machine and components
therefor and method of operation therefor.
It is a further objec~ of this invention to provide a
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secure store and method of access to same for articles stored in
an automatic vending machine.
It is a further object of this invention to provide
improved means for dispensing articles from an automatic
S vending machine and improved means for return of such articles
to a compartment in a store in the machine where each article
may be recalled and is accessible for further dispensing.
Further and other objects of the invention will be
apparent to those skilled in the art from the following summary
10 of the invention and detailed description thereof.
SUMMARY OF INYENTION
According to one aspect of the invention, there is
provided an automatic vending machine having a front face for a
store and comprising a shelving matrix mounted inside the
15 au~omatic vending machine, the shelving matrix having a
plurality of spaced compartments, each compartment having one
opening, open in one direction for access fiom that direction,
robotic means having members and guides therefor which
extend to provide access to each storage compartment in the
2 0 shelving matrix through the one opening in each s~orage
compartment and are moveable when aligned with a storage
compar~ment into and out of the compartment so as to be able to
remove an article from the storage compartment or return an
article to the storage compartment, an access opening through
2 5 the front face of the machine and an access compartment open at
opposite ends for access at one end by ~he robotic means -from
the inside of the automatic vending machine to feed or empty
the access compartmen~ and accessible at the other end by a
patron from the outside of the machine ~hrough the access
1;~6~ L7
open;ng, and machine intelligence means for controlling the
operation of the robotic means communicating between the
shelving matrix and access compartment, the machine
intelligence means including means for: recalling the location in
S ~he shelving matrix of a specific article selected by a patron,
instructing the robot to remove the article from storage and
carrying the article so as to register with the access
compartment, reading a unique identifying code on the article
selected and retaining the identity of the article in memory upon
registering the article with scanning means proximate the access
compartment or opening, identifying the article upon its return
through the access opening and access compartment by scanning
means, instructing the robot to remove the returned article from
the access compartment, and instructing the robotic means to
carry the article to register with the vacant compartment in the
shelving matrix nearest the access compartment and insert the
art;cle in such vacant compartment, storing the location of the
returned article in machine memory for subsequent recall and
retrieval .
2 0 According to another aspect of the invention, there is
provided an automatic vending machine having a front face for a
secure store and comprising a shelving matrix mounted inside
the automatic vending machine, the shelving matrix having a
plurality of spaced compartments, each compartment having one
2 5 opening, open in one direction for access from that direction,each
compartment having a bottom, each bottom having one opening,
opening in the one direction ~he compartment opens in, the
bottom having a slot through the bottom extending parallel to
the one direction and opening in the one direction through the
¢
end of the bottom proximate the one opening in the
compartment, robotic means having members and guides
therefor which extend to provide access to each storage
compartment in the shelving matrix and are moveable when
S aligned with a storage compartment into and out of the
compartmene so as to be able to remove an article from the
storage compartment or return an article to the storage
compartment, an access opening through the front face of the
machine and an access compartment normally laterally spaced
10 from the access opening and moveable into, and out of alignment
therewith, means to move the access compartment into and out
of alignment with the access opening, the access compartment
open at opposite ends for access at one end by the robotic means
from the inside of the automatic vending machine when the
15 access compartment is laterally spaced from the access opening
and out of alignment therewi~h, to feed or empty the access
compartment and accessible at the other end by a patron from
the outside of the machine when the access compartment is
moved into alignment with the access opening to expose only the
2 0 contents of the access compartment to access from ~he outside of
the vending machine to dispense or re~rieve an article through
~he access opening, the end of the access compar~ment through
which the robotic means is accessed being closed to the shelving
matrix when the access compartment is aligned with the access
2 5 open:ing to thereby preclude access to the shelving matrix
through the access opening the robotic means to move the access
compartment into registration with the access opening, the
access opening being ineffective to retrieve or input articles from
or into the interior of the machine until the access compartment
~L2~ 7
is aligned ~herewith, and machine intelligence means for
controlling the operation of the robotic means communicating
between the shelving matrix and access compartment,
preferably where rental of articles, for example, video tapes, is
S performed by the machine, the machine intelligence means
including means for: recalling the location in the shelving matrix
of a specific article selected by a patron, instructing the robot to
remoYe the article from storage and carrying the article so as to
register with the access compartment, instructing the robot to
10 move the access compartment so as to register with the access
opening, reading a unique identifying code on the article selected
and retaining the identity of the article in memory upon
registering the article with scanning means proximate the access
compartment or opening upon the return of an article,
15 instructing the robot to move the access compartment so as to
register with the one access opening, identifying the article with
scanning means upon a patron inserting the article through the
access opening into the access compartment, removing the
returned article from the access compartment, and instructing
2 0 the robotic means to carry the article to register preferably with
the vacant compartment in the shelving matrix nearest the
access compartment and insert the article in such vacant
compartment, storing the location of the returned article in
machine memory for subsequent recall and retrieval.
2 5 Preferably the robotic means has three directions of
movement, vertically, horizontally and into and out of the
storage compartrnent or access compartment. According to a
preferred embod;ment of the invention, the robotic means for
communicat;ng between each storage compartment in a shelving
3~260:~7
matrix and the access compartment may comprise a first
moveable member guided along a first axis of movement by two
parallel spaced guides extending perpendicular to the opposite
ends of the first member, the first moveable member including a
guide extending longitudinally therein to support movement of a
carriage therein along a second axis of movement which is
perpendicular to the first axis of movement, the first member
and carriage moveable along perpendicular axes of movement so
as to enable alignment of the carriage with each compartment of
the shelving matrix and the access compartment, the carriage
further having means for being extensible and re~ractable to
enable movement transverse to the plane of opening of each
storage compartment in the shelving matrix and the access
compartment, comprising lower, middle and upper members,
l S each moveable relative to the other for sliding one on the other
in a direction into each compartment or the access compartment
for removal of an article from the cornpartment or access
compartment or placement of an article into the compartment or
access compartment.
2 0 In one embodiment where each compartment has a
bottorn, each bottom having one opening, opening in the one
direction the compartment opens in, the bottom having a
longitudinal slot through the bottom extending parallel to the
one direction the compartment opens in, the robotic means
2 S includes means to raise and lower the robotic means below the
bottom of each compartment to extend through the slot to
engage and lift the article ~rom the bottom or insert the article
into the compartment and lower the robotic means below the
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slot to disengage and deposit the article so as to rest on the
bottom of the compartment.
Preferably, the means for enabling movement for
each of the first moveable member, carriage and an element of
S the carriage which is extensible and retractable, comprises three
stepping motors, one fOT each axis of movement, and an
electronic circuit for each motor to translate digital instructions
from a computer controlling the operation of the robotic means
into discreet revolutions of each motor.
According to another preferred embodiment of the
invention, the automatic vending machine may comprise at least
two oppositely spaced parallel shelving matrices mounted
against opposing walls inside the automatic vending machine,
each matrix having a plurality of uniformly spaced
15 compartments each having one opening, opening in the direction
of the oppositely spaced parallel shelving matrix for access from
that direction, and robotic means spaced between the two
oppositely spaced shelving matrices having members and guides
therefor which extend to provide access to each storage
2 0 compartment in both shelving matrices and are moveable when
aligned with a storage compartment in either ma~rix to enable
movement transverse to the plane of the shelving matrix into
and out of the compartment so as to be able to remove an article
from a storage compartment in either of the oppositely spaced
2 5 matrices or return an article to a storage compartment in either
of the oppositely spaced matrices.
According to another aspect of the invention the end
of the access compartment through which the robotic means has
access into the access compartment may be closed to the shelving
a
~L2~i01~L7
matrix by a plate be~ween said end of the access compartment
and storage matrix.
According to another aspect of the invention, the
lateral movemen~ of the access compartment may be caused by
5 lateral movement of the robotic means.
According to another aspect of the invention, the
robotic means may be moved laterally on the sanne side of the
plate as the shelving matrix is located7 being on the opposite side
of the plate as said end of ~he access compartment through which
10 the robotic means enters the compartment is located.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method
is provided of dispensing an article from an au~omatic vending
machine when a patron using the vending machine inputs into the
vending machine a selection for an article, the machine having an
15 opening communicating through the face of the machine, a
shelving matrix mounted inside the machine having a plurality of
spaced compartments, each compartment suitable for storing any
one of a plurali~y of articles and robotic means mounted inside the
machine suitable to carrying an article from any storage
2 0 compartment in the shelving matrix to a movable access
compartment normally laterally spaced from the opening
communicating through the face of the machine and alignable
~herewith, the access compartment open at opposite ends for
access through one end by the robotic means from the inside of
2 5 the automatic vending machine when the access compartment is
laterally spaced from the access opening and out of alignment
therewith and through the other end by a patron reaching
through the opening communicating through the face of the
machine, the end of the access compartment accessed by said
a
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~LZ6C)i~7
robotic means when the access compartment is aligned with said
opening communicating through the face of the machine, being
closed to the shelving matrix, the method of dispensing
comprising the steps of:
5 ( a) determining the position of the article selected by the
patron using machine intelligence means
(b) manipulating the robotic means in a vertical and
horizontal direction until the robotic means is aligned with the
storage compartment containing the article selected by a patron
l O (c) moving robotic means for manipulating the article in a
direction extending into the storage compartment containing the
article selected by the patron and retracting the article from the
compartment
(d) moving robotic means carrying an article by a patron
l S in a vertical and horizontal direction until the robotic means is
aligned with a movable access compartment laterally spaced from
the opening communicating through the face of the machine
(e) moving robotic means carrying the article selected by
a patron in a direction extending into said access compartment
2 0 from the inside of the automatic vending machine, depositing the
article in the access compartment, and then retracting the robotic
means from the access compartment
(f) moving the access compartment in a lateral direction
until the access compartmen~ is aligned with the opening
2 S communicating through the face of the machine, making the
article in the access compartment accessible to a patron but
precluding the patron from gaining access through the access
compartment to the shelving matrix.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method
G~
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:~l260~L~7
is provided of returning an article to an autornatic vending
machine when a patron using the vending machine activates the
return of an article to the vending machine, the machine having
an opening communicating through the face of the machine, a
5 shelving matrix mounted inside the machine having a plurality of
spaced compartments, each compartment suitable for storing any
one of a plurality of articles, and robotic means mounted inside
the machine suitable to carry an article from a movable access
compartment normally laterally spaced from the opening
1 û communicating through the face of the machine and alignable
therewith, to any storage compartment in the shelving matrix, the
access compartment being closed to the shelving matrix, when
aligned with the opening communicating through the face of the
machine the method of returning comprising the steps of:
15 (a) when the patron activates the return of an article to
the automatic vend;ng machine, manipulating the robotic means
in a vertical and horizontal direction until the robotic means is
aligned with the movable access compartment normally laterally
spaced from an opening communicating through the face of the
2 0 machine
(b) moving the access compartment in a lateral direction
until the access compartment is aligned with an opening
communicating through the face of the machine
(c) when the patron returns the article through the
2 5 opening in the face of the machine into the movable access
compartment aligned therewith but being precluded from gaining
access through the access compartment to the shelving matrix,
moving the access compartment in a lateral direction until the
access compartment is laterally spaced from the opening
.~.
- 17 ~ ~260
communicating through the face of the machine
(d) moving the robotic means in a direction extending into
the movable access compartmen~ containing the article returned
by the patron and retracting the article from said movable access
5 compartment
(e) moving the robotic means carrying the article
returned by the patron in a vertical and horizon~al direction until
the robotic means is aligned with the vacant storage compartment
in the shelving matrix nearest the access compartment,
l O (f) moving the robotic means carrying the returned
article in a direction extending into said vacant storage
compar~ment nearest the access compartment, depositing the
article in the storage compartment and then retracting the robotic
means from the storage compartment,
15 (g) constantly determining the location in the shelving
matrix of every article returned to the machine, through the use
of machine intelligence means.
The invention will now be illustrated with reference
to the following drawings of an embodiment of the invention
20 which is adapted for the purchase or rental of video cassettes.
DESCRIP~ON OF lDRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the exterior of an
automatic vending machine.
Figure 2 is a close-up of a keyboard for a patron to
2 5 communicate with an au~omatic vending machine.
Figure 3 is an exposed perspective view of a video
cassette titles display seen in part of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side view in section of a video cassette
titles film strip and position sensor, seen ;n part of Figure 3.
(~
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Figure ~ is a frontal view of the automatic vending
machine seen in Figure 1, providing a partial sectional view of
the front of the machine exposing one video cassette storage
matrix.
Figure 6, seen with Figures 3 and 4, is a side view of
part of the automatic vending machine seen in Figure 1,
providing a sectional view exposing two parallel shelving
matrices spaced oppositely on either side of a robotic assembly.
Figure 7 is a perspective view of a robotic assembly
and a portion of the two parallel shelving matrices seen in Figure
6.
Figure 8 is a close-up perspective view of shelving
compartments for storing video cassettes in a shelving matrix.
Figure 9 is a close-up frontal view of storage
compartments seen in part of Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a close-up side view of a storage
compartment holding one video cassette, seen in par~ of Figures
8 and 9.
Figure 11 is a frontal view of the shelving matrix and
2 0 robotic assembly seen in Figure 7, including details of elements
of the robotic assembly.
Figure 12 is a close-up perspective view of drive
means enabling a vertical axis of movement in the robotic
assembly in Figure 11.
2 5 Figure 13 is a close-up perspective view of drive
means enabling a horizontal axis of movement in the robotic
assembly in Figure 11.
Figure 14 is a close-up frontal view of a transverse
movement carriage shown in part of Figure 11.
a
- 19- :~LX6~ a.7
Figure 15 is a top plan view of part of the structure
shown in Figure 14, shown extended in two different directions.
Figure 1~ is a side v;ew of the part of the structure
shown in Figures 14 and 15, shown extended in two differen~
directions.
Figure 17 is a perspective view of the structure
shown in Figures 14, 15 and 16.
Figure 18 is a frontal view of the storage
compartment shown in Figure 9, including a part of the structure
shown in Figure 14 inserted into the compartment.
Figure 19 is a frontal view of the s~orage
compartment seen in Figure 18, including the step of lifting the
video cassette.
Figure 20 is a side view of the storage compartment
seen in Figures 1 8 and 1 9, including the step of retracting the
video cassette from the compartment.
Figure 21 is a close-up perspective view of part of
the machine compartment assembly, and part of the operation
thereof seen in part in Figure 11.
Figure 22 is a top view of part of the structure shown
in Figure 21 illustrating part of its operation.
Figure 23 is a sectional view of a connection between
componen~s of the machine seen in Figure 13.
Figure 24 is an exploded perspective view of means
2 5 for attaching components shown in Figure 23.
Figure 25 is a top plan view of the attachments
shown in Figure 24.
F;gure 26 is a block diagram representation of the
automatic vending machine.
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DESCRIPIION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
Referring to the drawings, there is shown in Figure l
an automatic vending machine 32, having a front face 33. The
front face 33 of the automatic vending machine has, an access
5 opening 44 through which a patron may insert or remove an
article, a transaction keyboard 35, light emitting diode display
37, slot 39 for dispensing a transaction quotation or receipt and
slot 41 for receiving a credit card.
A titles display 43 comprising an endless film strip
l 0 45 is moveable to register a column of frames 47 in the film
strip 45 (seen best in Figure 3) wi~h a selection window 49 on
the front face 33 of the maehitle 32. Three frames 5 l may
appear in a single column 47 of frames 5 l, therefore the
transaction keyboard 35 (best seen in Figure 2) may include
l 5 keys 53,55,57 for selecting the matching titles 53', 55', 57'
aligned in the selection window 49. Three liquid crystal displays
54', 56', 5~' are provided adjacent each title 53', 55', 57' and may
display information such as price pertaining to the particular
frame 5 l selected. With particular reference to Figures 3 and 4,
2 0 the film strip 45 is supported for rotation by cylinders 59, each
of which is supported on a vertical axis for rotation. A stepping
motor 6 l is capable of advancing the film strip 45 a
predetermined amount, by enabling the rotation of a gear 63, the
sprockets of which engage perforations 65 in the film strip. An
2 5 upper optical sensor 67 detects the absence of a break in a light
beam when perforation 7 l is aligned with sensor 67. A lower
optical sensor 69 detects a sequence of breaks in a light beam
when perforations 65 pass by sensor 69. Signals from sensors
67,69 provide information by way of feedback to computer "B"
- 21 - ~L260~ 7
,
(seen in Figure 26) to enable the computer to confirm its
calculation of the exact position of the film strip 45 in relation to
a known position corresponding to alignment OI perforation 71
and sensor 67.
S The insicle of the automatic vending nnachine 32
comprises shelving matrices 34,73 for holding video cassettes 36,
robotic means 38 which extend to provide access to the video
cassettes 36 held in each storage compartment 40 of the shelving
matrix 34,73 and only one moveable access compartment
assembly 42 fed or emptied by the robotic means 38 and which
is slideable so as to register with only one access opening 44, and
machine intelligence means (best described in rela~ion to Figure
26) for controlling the operation of the automatic vending
machine 32.
With reference to Figure 6 (seen with Figures 3 and
4) the store for the video cassettes 36 comprises a front shelving
matrix 34 and a rear shelving matrix 73 between which is placed
the robotic means 3 8 which extend to provide access to each
video cassette 36 held in either the front shelving matrix 34 or
2 0 rear shelving matrix 73. Shelving matrices 34,73 together
dispose not fewer than four hundred ~400) storage
compartments 40 (of which the front shelving matrix 34 is seen
in Figure 5), each one of which may hold a video casse~te 36
bearing its own unique identifying data in the form of a bar code
48.
With reference to Figures 6, 7 and 11, there is shown
a robotic assembly 38. Horizontal 50,75 and vertical 52,77
frame elements provide a supporting structure for a first
moveable member 54, which is slideable along a horizon~al axis
- 22 ~ ~l~6~
of movement 56. Horizontal frame elements 50,75 comprise
longitudinally extending channels or guides 58 (best seen in
Figures 11, 12 and 13) for the first moveable member 54. First
moveable member 54 includes a longitudinally extending
5 channel or guide 60 (best seen in Figure 6) to support movement
of a transverse movements carriage 62 (seen in Figures 6, 11, 14,
l S and 16) along a vertical axis of movement 64. Movement of
the first moveable member 54 and the transverse movement
carriage 62 along horizontal 56 and vertical 64 axes of
10 movement respectively enables alignment of the transverse
movement carriage 62 with each compartment 40 in the
shelving matrices 34,73 or alignment with the moveable access
compartment 66 (best seen in Figures 11 and 21).
With reference to Figures 11 , 1 4, 1 5 and 1 6
15 transverse movement carriage 62 comprises a lower track 68
and an upper track 70 mutually engaged by linear gears or teeth
and driven by an endless belt so as to be extensible and
retractable into and out of a storage compartment 40 along an
axis of movement 72 which is transverse to the plane of opening
2 0 of each storage compartment 40.
With reference ~o Figures 11 and 12 there is
provided a vertical stepping motor 74 directly engaging an
endless belt 76 circulating within first moveable member 54. As
appears from Figures 24 and 25, one point on the endless belt 76
2 5 is affixed to an element. With regard to the transverse
movement carriage 627 endless belt 76 is affixed thereto to
enable movement o-f the carriage 62 along a vertical axis 64.
W;th reference to Figures 11 and 13, there is provided a
horizontal stepping motor 78 which engages endless belt 80 to
a
:~L26(~
drive vert;cal shaft 82 inside vertical frame element 52. Vertical
shaft 82 directly engages synchronous upper and lower endless
belts 84,85 circulating within horizontal frame elements 50,75.
The first moveable member 54 is mounted on horizontal frame
elements 50775 by U-shaped brackets 86,88 which engage
longitudinally extending guides 58 on the frame elements so as
to be slideably engageable therewith. Endless belts 84,85 are
affixed to U-shaped brackets 88,86 respectively to enable
movement of the first moveable member S4 along a horizontal
axis 56. With reference to Figures 11, 14, 15 and 16 there is
provided a transverse stepping motor 90 directly engaging an
endless belt (not shown) to drive the transverse extension or
retraction 72 of carriage tracks 68,70.
With reference to Figures S and 11 there is shown
generally a moveable access compartment assembly 42
comprising generally an access compartment 66 slideably
engageable with a hori7.ontal track 92 so as to register with an
access opening 44 (seen in Figures 1 and 21). With particular
reference to Figures 21 and 22, access compartment 66 is open
2 0 at opposite ends comprising an inwardly directed end 94 and an
outwardly directed end 96 (which is only shown indirectly from
a perspective interior to the automatic vending machine).
Horizontal guide track 92 comprises longitudinally extending
channels 98,99 for slideably supporting access compartment on
2 5 four rotatable bearings 100 extending into channels 9~,99.
Locking bar 102 is pivotally attached to access compartment 66
and is engageable with vertical slot 104 in stationary plate 106.
In the operation of the automatic vending machine the robotic
means 38 comprising generally horizontal 56, vertical 64 and
~.~
- 24 - ~.26~
transverse 72 axes of movement inserts a video cassette 36
through an inwardly directed opening 94 into the access
compartment 66, at which time a bar code 48 on the video
cassette 36 is read by a bar code scanner 108 proximate the
opening 94. The robot 38 then lifts the locking bar 102 out of
the vertical slot 104, thereby releasing the initial position of the
access compartment 66 and slides the compartment 66 from its
initial position l lO (best seen in Figure 21) for loading the video
cassette to a secondary position 112 (best seen in Figure 22),
aligning ~he outwardly directed opening 96 of the access
compartment 66 with the access opening 44. A closure gate 114
attached adjacent to the outwardly directed opening 96 of the
access compartmen$ 66 obstructs the access opening 44 when
the access compartment is in its initial loading position 110.
When the access compartment is in its secondary position 1 12,
the inwardly directed opening 94 of the access compartment 66
is obstructed by stationary plate 1û6 (seen best in Figures 11
and 21) thereby exposing only the contents 36 of the access
compartment to access from ~he outside of the automatic
2 0 vending machine 32 through the access opening 44. In the
return of a video Gassette, the access compartment is selected in
its secondary position 112 permitting the patron to insert the
returned video cassette 36 through the access opening 44 into
the access compartment 66 aligned therewith, at which time the
2 5 bar code 48 on the video cassette 36 is read by the scanning
device 108 (best seen in Figllre 21).
In the operation of ~he robotic means 3 8 for
communicating a video cassette 36 between a storage
compartment 40 and the access compartment, reference is made
- 25 - ~l~ 6~ 7
generally to Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20.
Each storage compartment 40 substantially corresponding to the
exterior dimensions of a video cassette 36 includes support for
the bottom surface of the video cassette 116 (Figure 9)
5 comprising two oppositely spaced longitudinally extending
horizontal flanges 118,119. A longitudinally extending space
120 bclow the support flanges 118,119 and, the gap 121
between the flanges 118,119 receives the upper track 70 of the
transverse movement carriage 62. Upper track 70 is provided
10 with vertical prongs 122 for supporting the video cassette 36
against any lateral slippage when i~ is nesting on the upper track
70. In removing a video cassette 36 from a storage
compartment 40, the transverse movement carriage 62 is
aligned with the compartment 40 containing the selected video
15 cassette. Upper track 70 is extended into space 1 20 and raised
vertically until the track 70 occupies the gap 121 between
flanges 118,119 and the video cassette 36 rests on the track 70
(best seen in Figures 18, 19 and 20). The cassette 36 is then
retracted from the compartment 40 (best seen in Figure 20).
2 0 With reference to Figures 15 and 16, transverse movement
carriage 62 is extensible and retractable ~o select video cassettes
36 from either the ~ront shelving matrix 34 or the rear shelving
matrix 73.
In inserting a video cassette 36 into the access
2 5 compartment 66, the transverse movement carriage 62 is
aligned with the inwardly directed opening 94 of the access
compartment 66 and the upper track 70 is extended. Access
compartment 66 includes a support for the bottom surface of the
video cassette 116 ~best seen in Figures 21 and 22) comprising
~,~
- 26 - ~ 7
two oppositely spaced longitudinally extending flanges 124, 125
providirlg a gap 126 therebetween sufficient to provide
clearance for top surface of the upper track 70. The traverse
movement carriage 62 is lowered ver~ically un$il the bottom
surface 116 of the video cassette 36 rests on flanges 124, 125,
and is then retracted. The sequence of operation of the robot 38
may be reversed ~o comprise the steps of registering the access
compartment 66 in its secondary position 112, moving the
compartment to its ini~ial position 11 O, lifting and retracting the
returned video cassette 36 from the access compartment 66,
aligning the transverse movement carriage with ~he vacant
s~orage compartment 40 in the shelving matrices 34,73 nearest
the moveable access compartment assembly 42, extending the
upper track 70 bearing the video cassette 36 into longitudinal
space 1 2û and vertically lowering the transverse movement
calriage 62 until the bottom surface 116 of the video cassette 36
rests on flarlges 1 18,1 19 in the storage compartment 40.
With reference to Figure 26 ~here is shown in block
diagrammatic from a representation of machine intelligence
2 0 means functionally interconnected through input/output
hardware 151 with peripheral hardware for controlling the
operation of the automatic vending machine 32. A worker
skilled in the art will readily comprehend the electrical circuitry
of the hardware represented by Computer Al ~ 5, Computer
B157, Computer cl89, their associated input/output devices and
the peripheral components which either provide input to the
computers or communicate with a customer or operator. Various
other components and system configurations can be used and
would be known by a worker skilled in the art and the present
~L26(~ 7
components and system configuration are therefore shown for
illustrative purposes only. It will further be understood by
those skilled in the art that the functional operation of the
machine intelligence means and its associated peripheral
hardware is controlled by a computer application program stored
in permanent storage devices such as a Read Only Memory
(ROM) for issuing a seqslence of instructions as to how the
Central Processing Unit (CPU) is to deal with various information
input to the machine intelligence means. The different
10 expressions by people skilled in the art of software used to
operate the machine will be as numerous depending upon the
hardware selected and the individual approach by the author of
such software. Therefore ~rom the following description of the
structure of ~he machine intelligence means and sequence of
15 operation of the machine intelligence means used, those skilled
in the art would be readily capable of writing their own
expression of the application program.
Computer A ~ S S (seen in Figure 26) generally gives
instructions to translation 153 circuit for activation of each of
2 0 vertical stepping motor 74, horizontal stepping motor 78 and
transverse stepping mo~or 90. Stepping motors 74,78,90 are
known in the art to advance in axial rotation in discrete
increments of arc in response to an input signal from a translator
153. The translator 153 decides the step sequence in which the
2 5 coils of the stepping motor 74,78,90 are energized in response to
a command ~rom computer A to activa~e the motor 74,78,9û for
a defined number of degrees of rotation. In one preferred
embodiment the motors 74,78,90 when instructed through a
translator 153 interface will rotate 1.8 degrees for each
a
- 28 - ~6C)~L~L7
instruction. It will be apprecia~ed by those skilled in the art ~hat
the content of an instruction sufficient to rotate the motor 1.8
degrees will be determined by the instrwction sequence table
provided by the particular manufacturer. For convellience sake
S however, it may be said that the presence or absence of one bit
of infolmation or a single pulse is sufficient for a rotation of 1.8
degrees. In the present embodiment of the invention, each
stepping motor 74,78,90 (and motor 61 controlled by computer
B 1 5 7) ;s mechanically engaged to a different advantage.
1 0 Therefore one pulse producing 1.8 degrees of rotation produces a
different absolute linear movement in the robotic members
moved by each motor 74,78,90. The correlation between the
number of degrees of rotation of each motor 74,78,90 and the
linear movement of the associated robotic members 62,54,68,70
15 is stored in nonvolatile memory (EPROM) of Computer A155. In
this regard, the compartments 40 of the shelving matrices 34,73
are equally spaced and spaced in relation to the linear
movement activated by 1.8 degree rotation of a motor 74,78,90
since such value is the limit of alignment possible between the
2 0 robotic assembly and a compartment. The values comprising the
linear movement necessary to cause the robotic assembly 38 to
register with a given compartment 40 are stored in EPROM
memory of (~omputer AlSS and are distinct for each of the three
axes of movement, 64,56,72. With reference to both Figures 17
2 5 and 26, generally the position of the robotic assembly 38 in
relation to the shelving matrices 34,73 is registered in volatile
computer memory of Computer A155 by first locking into a
position which is known by means of aligning the robotic
assembly 38 with vertical sensors 157 and hori~ontal sensors
~,
-~9~ :326~7
158 which are locatecl at a known position in relation to matrices
34,73. Sensors 157,158 will send a feedback signal to Computer
A 155 when robotic assembly is aligned. In this regard, with
particular reference to Figures 7,1 1, and 17 there is shown a
plate 159 on transverse movement carriage 62 to register with
sensor 157 to verify a known vertical position. (Sensors 157,158
are light beams. A signal may be indicated by the interruption
or non-interruption of the light beam.) Plate 161 registers with
horizontal sensor 158 to verify a known horizontal position (seen
in Figure 11). The known position of sensors 157,158 is referred
to as "home". The vertical and horizontal position of "home" need
not be at intersecting axes since the distance between the
vertical 157 and horizontal 158 sensors is constant and may be
stored in nonvolatile memory. Once the robotic assembly 38 is
registered with "home" it is not necessary to maintain a constant
feedback from sensors to determine the position of robotic
assembly 38 since each pulse sent to each motor 74,78,90 will
generate a value of linear movement in each axis 64,S6,72 which
is known and stored. In this aspect, Computer Al 5 5 is
2 0 programmed with an algorithm to constantly sum in volatile
memory (RAM) the posi~ion of the robotic assembly: the "home"
condition is added to RAM, pulses sent to motors 74,78,90 are
calculated to equal a linear movement which is added to RAM,
and the surn indicates the present position.
2 5 While it will be apparent from the description that
the number of pulses is linked to the distance travelled between
compartments 40 ~he time interval between pulses (in a
preferred embodiment) may be calculated and varied along a
curve plotted by time to provide for acceleration and
~..
- 3~ 0~7
deceleration of each stepping motor 74,78,90. For a given
distance to be travelled between compartments an
acceleration/deceleration curve based upon the inertia of the
motor so that it will s~op at the end of the curve has been
S calculated in the form of an algorithm stored in EPROM. While
Computer A thereby controls the robotic assembly, Computer C
through an input/output interface 165 isswes instructions to
Computer A 15 5 as to which compartments 40 it is to access or
return a video casset~e to. While the sequence of this
10 access/return operation is described below, a number of
additional sensors to provide input to Compu~er A are provided
in a preferred embodiment to verify the position of a video
cassette throughout the sequence of operation of the robo~ic
assembly. With particular reference to Figures 17 and 21,
15 closure gate 114 is provided with a sensor 167 to verify that it is
either open or closed when plate 168 registers with sensor 167.
Moveable access compartment 66 is provided with two sensors
169,171 to verify the presence or absence of a video cassette
fully inserted into the moveable access compartment 66. A bar
20 code scanner 108 (also seen in Figure 26) scans the code 48 on a
video cassette 36. In one embodiment the scanner 108 is
manufactured by Intermec Systems Corporation, model 'non-
contact scanner 1301' and inputs the information to a reader
model number '9300' to be input to Computer Al 55 through an
2 5 RS-232 convention hardware coupling. Referring now to Figures
1 1,14,15,16 and 17, the transverse movemen~ carriage 64
having carriage tracks 68,70 which slide over one another so as
to extend and retract, is provided with sensors 173,175 to verify
the position of extension or retraction. Transverse movement
- 31 - ~.2~ L7
carriage 62 is provided with a vertical housing 177 (seen best in
Figure 14) to shield a video cassette 36 from falling off of track
70. To verify that video cassette 36 is resting fully within extent
of vertical housing 177, two sensors 179,181 (seen best in Figure
5 17) are located in housing 177.
Referring to Figure 25, Computer B 1 5 7 generally
controls the titles display 43 (seen in Figure 3) and peripheral
hardware for interaction with a customer through keyboard
193,195 (identified as parts 35 in Figures 1 and 2), liquid crystal
10 display 183 (depicted as 54', 56', 58' in Figure 1), and light
emitting diode display 185. Computer Bl 57 gives instructions to
translator 187 circuit for activation of banner stepping motor 61.
Banner stepping motor 61 is identical to vertical, horizontal, and
transverse stepping motors 74,78,90 in its structure. When
15 banner stepping motor advances 1.8 degrees of rotation, film
strip 45 advances a known linear amount. The position of the
film strip 45 in relation to the selection window 49 is registered
in volatile memory of Computer B 15 2 by first locking into the
"home" position of sensor 67 (also seen in Figures 3 and 4~ which
2 0 will send a feedback signal to Computer B 1 5 2 when single
perforation 71 is aligned with sensor 67. An index sensor 69
will send a feedback signal to Compllter B 15 2 when each one of
multiple perforations 65 is aligned with sensor 69 as film strip
4~ advances. A definite number of pulses from computer B to
2 S banner stepping motor -- in the preferred embodiment 160
pulses -- will advance the banner strip 45 a linear distance equal
to the linear interval between perforations 65. Each column 47
of frames 51 on the film strip 45 is spaced from the next
adjacent column 47 by a linear interval related to the linear
a~
- 32 - 1~6~ 7
interval between perforations 65. Computer B is programmed
with an algorithm to constantly sum in volatile memory (RAM)
the position of the film strip 457 the "home" condition is added to
RAM, pulses sent to motor 61 are calculated to equal a linear
S advancement of :film strip 45 which is added to RAM and
confirmed by feedback from index sensor 69, and the sum
indicates the particular column 47 aligned in window 49. The
title of the video cassette associated with a particular frame 51
selected (as described below) may be stored in volatile memory
10 for reference when a ~rame 5 1 is selected by a Gustomer. An
acceleration/deceleration curve similar to that described with
reference to motors 74,78,90 is provided in the form of an
algorithm stored in EPROM. To select a part;cular video cassette
36 represented by one of the frames 51 depicted on the film
15 strip 45, the sequence of operation is controlled by both
Computers B and C which are functionally interconnected
through I/O 191. A customer inser~s a magnetically encoded
card (for example an ABA format plastic credit card) into the
magnetic card reader 41. Card reader 41 is linked by
20 input/output hardware 151 to Computer cl89. Computer C~89
in its rest mode waits for a peripheral slot 41 represented by
magnetic card reader 41 to be addressed. When peripheral slot
41 is addressed, Computer Cl 89 will then read the card and go
through a routine to verify that the card is valid. Computer cl89
2 5 will then activate keyboard lights 193 and keyboard key 195.
Keyboard lights 193 associated with keys for selecting mode of
rent, return or buy (best seen in Figure 2) will light up. When a
customer presses one of rent, return or buy keys, Computer C
knows that a transaction sequence has commenced and
33~ 6~
Computer cl 89 will then address Computer B ancl turn over
control of selection of a video cassette to Computer B
subroutines. Once Computer B is given control by Computer C it
will address keyboard l 9S and wait for instructions. Light
S emitting diode display 185 can display a sequence of instructions
to a customer as stored in EPROM memory of Computer B157. A
customer will then push right 197 or left 199 directional arrow
keys on keyboard 195. Depressing ei~her one of directional
keys 197,199 initiates an acceleration/deceleration program in
10 the form of an algorithm stored in EPROM which instructs the
banner stepping motor 61 to circulate the film strip 45 until key
197,199 is released. Accelleration/deceleration program will
ensure that when the directional key 197,199 is released, the
film strip 45 will come to rest with the column of frames 47
15 c]osest the window 49 at the time the key 197,199 is released
registering accurately with window 49. A customer will then
select one of titles 53', 55', 57' aligned in the window by
depressing one of selection keys 53,55 ,57. Computer B 15 7 will
then relate the column 47 registered in the window 49 with the
2 0 particular selection key 53,55,57 to identify a top, middle or
bottom posi~ion of fiames 51. Frame 51 will be related to a
memory address in RAM containing information relevant to the
particular video cassette represented by the frame 51 selected,
for example title, cost and title code. Once the title code is
2 S addressed in RAM it may be compared to another list of video
cassettes (in volatile RAM memory) in stock in the automatic
vending machine 32 to confirm that the selected title code is
available. The lisluid crystal display 183 will then display
information relevant to the selected title adjacent that frame
- 34 - ~L~6al1~L7
selected as appears from windows 54', 56', 58' of liquid crystal
display 185 best seen in Figure 1. Computer B 15 7 will then
commwnicate information relevant to the transaction including
the code of the video cassette selected and its location in the
5 shelving matrices to Computer C and turn over control to
Computer C to complete the transaction.
With particular reference to Computer cl89, seen in
Figure 26, it generally controls the func~ional interaction
between Computers A, B and C as well as telecommunications via
10 a 2011` modem. In a preferred embodiment, the 201T modem is
manufactured by Motorolla, model '202T modem' of an
asynchronous mode and utilizes Bell Communications Software
"Datapac 3201TM" ts~ communicate with a host computer. The
host computer may be that of the owner for monitoring the
15 status of machine 32 or it may be that of a commercial database
providing ~in volatile memory) a list of invalid credit cards.
Once Computer C 1 ~ 9 receives from Computer B the
code of the video cassette selected by the customer and its
location in the shelving matrices, it will instruct Computer A to
2 0 retrieve the selected video cassette by giving it the address of
the particular compartment 40 which is to be accessed by the
assembly 38. Computer A will then retrieve the selected video
cassette through a routine, manipulating stepping motors
74,78,9û. Computer A will wait for a customer to remove the
2 5 video cassette 36 from the moveable access compartment 66 at
which time sensors 169,171 will sense the absence of the tape.
Computer A will then slide closure plate 114 in ~ront of access
opening 44. Computer C will then address the keyboard 195 and
allow the customer to either end the transaction or select
~.
- 35 - :~L26C~ L7
another video cassette. If the transaction is over, the entire
transaction sequence (for example: compartment accessed, video
cassette code title corresponding to bar code 48, video cassette
rental price, buying price in default of return, time v;deo
S cassette removed by customer, customer credit card number)
will be stored in volatile memory transaction buffers of
Computer Cl 89. Computer C will then print out a quotation of
the ~ransaction through printer 203 for the customer records.
After the receipt is printed, Cornpllter C instructs Computer B to
10 return to a display mode circulating film strip 45.
The transaction sequence for the purchase of a video
cassette is the same as that for rental, save and except for the
price.
To return a video cassette, a customer inserts a
15 magnetical encoded credit card into the magnetic card reader 41,
and presses $he return key 195. Computer C will instruct
Computer B to open the access opening 44 by registering
moveable access compartment 66 with said opening 44.
Computer B waits for the video cassette to be inserted as verified
2 0 by sensors 1699171 and then closes the opening 44. The bar
code scanner 108 reads the bar code 48 on the inserted video
cassette and inputs the code to Cornputer A. Computer A sends
the bar code to Computer C which sends it on to Computer B.
Computer B takes the code and scans its volatile memory (RAM)
2 5 to confirm that the video cassette belongs to the machine 32. If
the video cassette belongs to the machine 32, Computer B will
search its volatile memory list of shelving matrices 34,73 and
find the first vacant compartment 40 in the shelving matrices
nearest the access compartment 66. Computer B will send the
~L2~
address of this vacant compartment 40 to Computer C which will
in turn hand off the address to Computer A while instructing
Computer A to put the returned video cassette 36 in the vacant
compartment Computer B then stores the location in the shelving
S matrices 34,73 of the returned video cassette in its volatile
memory for access when the machine is next in the rental or
purchase mode previously described. Computer C will then
address the keyboard 35 (described as 193,195 in Figure 25) to
give the customer the option of ending the transaction or
10 continuing. If the transaction ends, a receipt is printed by
printer 03 and discharged through slot 39. In this manner it is
possible to maintain a circulation of a total number of video
cassettes between customers and the machine 32 of a number
greater than the storage capacity of the shelving matrices 34,73
15 without an operator being required to replace video cassettes
into their own particular compartment in a store. The machine
32 may always store video cassettes to the maximum capacity of
the machine. In view of the telecommunications capacity of
Computer C through modem 201 the operator of the mach;ne
2 0 may remotely poll the inven~ory circulation of machine 32 and
build up a market profile of the most advan~ageous number and
variety of video cassettes which may circulate through the
machine .
As many changes can be made to the embodiment of
2 5 the invention without departing from the scope of the invention,
it is intended that all material be considered as illustrative of the
invention and not in a limiting sense.
