Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
- 1 - 63~17-103
A method for -the production of a moulding mass,_containing water
glass
It is known to produce moulding masses containing water
glass~ With the conception "moulding masses", in this connection,
is meant shapeable or plastic masses. Even if they are, prefer-
ably, shaped by cas-ting, -they may in many a case be subjected to
assume the shape of the final product in some other way, e.g. by
pressing, rolling or the like. Such moulding masses have a wide
field of use, for instance for -the production of differen-t kinds
of objec-ts but also as a binding means between surfaces of -the
most differen-t kinds.
In the production of such a moulding mass Xnow _er se,
an expression which is, thus t here used in its widest sense under
reference to the above mentioned fields of use and working
methods, one use to proceed by removing the water or, in any case,
essen-tially decreasing -the conten-t of water in the -thick fluid
solution of water glass in the form of an alkali silica-te. In
this way, a solid prod~ct was obtained, often called "water glass
quartz" and created either by drying out the liquid water glass or
by addition of acids for changing its pH-value and, t'hereby, dis-
solving the alkalic milieu. Thus, it has happened -that a sodium
hexafluoride was added as curing means, this medium being water
consuming and also influencing the pH-value in the said
direction.
Such a moulding mass may be provided by adding, durin~
its process of curing or immediately before same, another mat-
erial, for instance in a way know per se quartz meal (calcium
,~- .,,
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- 2 - 63~17-103
silicate, SiO2), whereby a mass, more or less homoyenous is
-formed, in which the particles of the additional material are
bound together by the water glass now free o-f water or, as to its
content of water reduced.
Water glass exists as a silicate of sodium (Na) and also
as a silicate of potash (K) and, finally, as a mixed silicate of
sodium and potash. A water glass from ammonium is also known but
it has little or no prac-tical use. The sodium wa-ter glass is the
mos-t usual one and in the following descrip-tion of the presen-t
invention, it will be described on basis of sodium water glass.
This, however shall not mean that the invention should be limited
to this specific kind of water glass.
The product made from such a moulding mass has a very
high wearing and abrading resistance. When used as a binding
means it attaches extremely well to most materlals, thereby also
to many such materials, to which tradi-tionally exis-ting binding
means do not show any tendency to attach. The product also gets
an increased pulling rigidity and blowiny rigidity, but it has not
been possible to ~ind any unitary connection between these three
kinds of rigidity except for the ma-tter of fact that -the increase
of the pressure rigidity is usually the most apparent one, the
increase of the blow rigidity only being rather small.
Several methods are also known for the production of
moulding masses of the above mentioned type having properties,
which have been improved and/or modified by -the addition of
further additional materials for the purpose of modifying their
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- 3 - 63~17-103
properties.
The present invention regards a method Eor the produc-
tion of a moulding mass in the sense mentioned above and of the
type mentioned above by means of additions causing further essen-
tial improvements of the properties of the mou:Lding mass, especi-
ally by the formation of crystals in the mass being promo-ted,
created in the reaction, and by -the mass getting less sensible for
the content of water in the water glass than was earlier the case.
It has also proved -that a moulding mass produced according to -the
present invention allows for an essentially wider variation of
traditional additions whereby a better distribution of the speci-
fic properties of the moulding mass is ensured, which are desired
to achieve by said additions.
According -to the invention, activated silicon is added
to the moulding mass known per se, preferably in the form of cry-
stal meal or crystal grains and in quantities which will be ap-
parent Erom the following. Activated silicon is the traditional
denomina-tion for such silicon in pure for~n or in some simp:Le com-
pound, which originated by decomposition of some silicon compound
of higher value at high supply of power, such that this silicon
got in same way as applied to carbon and other elements chemically
related to carbon, a chemical activity.
It is not known quite sure how this "activity" should be
explained, but a theory which is probably correct is that one or
more of the electrons in the activated silicon have been displaced
out of their normal orbits such that an inner molecular tension
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was created, at the llberating of which large quantities of power
were released. Vnder the influence of these quantities of power
the activated silicon may cause reactlons of chemical na-ture which
would otherwise not at all or anyway only at a limited scale exist
in non-activated silicon. The feed of this power usually takes
place by the silicon compound being heated to a very high tempera-
ture. As a consequence of this, one will find ac-tivated silicon
which has been activated -to a very high rate in fly ashes from the
steel work industry, within which these high temperatures exist.
When activated silicon is added to the moulding mass,
this will change its properties in such an apparent way, that
there is a good reason to assume that a phase chemical reaction is
initiated as will often be the case within the silicate chemistry.
It has, however, not been possible to find out how this reaction
is developing. But it is well known that reac-tions will appear
within the silicate chemistry, which are difficult to unders-tand
and to a great extent are still enigmatic. Therefore, the present
invention has been created in a purely empirical way.
An essential advan-tage of the moulding mass according to
the present invention as compared with moulding masses on basis of
water glass, earlier known, perhaps with an addition of quartz
(sio2) is that the scope of the different types of additional
material is essentially increased.
In tes-ts with a composition of this type, one also in-
vestigated the influence of an addition o-f finely divided c01-
lulose alone -to the water glass and water glass mixtures, and,
thereby, a lot of circumstances were found, hitherto only
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empirically observed, which form basis of an especially favourable
embodiment of the present invention. The said continua-ted invest-
igations, in first place, intended to study to what an extent you
could add cellulose in ~inely divided form as a dilution means in
order, in this way to get a product which would be possible to use
in magnitude of cases but which would, due to the cheap dilution
~aterial, be produced at very low costs. Surprisingly, it was
found that the product got unexpected and in many cases extremely
useful properties, for which account will be given below.
Mixing in neutral or basic cellulose proved to be less
advantageous, but, on the contrary, it proved that weekly acid
cellulose caused the properties mentioned above in the final pro-
duct. Investigations were also made for stating the type of an
acid by means of which the acid properties o~ the mass a~ter mix-
ing in finely divided cellulose were obtained, and thereby it was
found, that bark meal gave a very ~avourable result. Bark meal
contains small quantities of tannic acid. Further, very yood
results were obtained at use of so called zero fibers, this means
~ibers of cellulose o~ such a small size, that when dewatering,
they pass through the wire and are removed along with the flue
water. These fibers, always, contain given residues of the acid
or acids, resp., used at the cellulose cooking, in first place
sulfurous acid but also many other acids. In general, these acids
appear at very small quantities or, if they appear at greater
quantities, they should be weakly active, such as is the case for
instance with tannic acid and sulfurous acid.
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An e~ssential improvement of the invention, t'nus, con-
sists in adding to the composi-tion of water glass and activated
silicon an acidly reacting cellulose material in finely divided
form and at an amount, which proved in the investigations made to
be between 5 and 75 percent of weight of the total weight of the
composition.
In the said tests, it also proved that you could add to
the moulding mass according to the inven-tion different plastic
emulsions in the form of such polymerization products not yet
cured or only partly cured. The curing of them or the fulfilling
of the said curing only initiated, thereby, may take place simul-
taneously with the curing of the moulding mass after a curer has
been added. In this way, a lot of di~feren-t new products may be
manufactured which have mainly the properties of the polymeriza-
tion products in quantitative respect, but which have these pro-
perties at a quan-titative extent, which is essentially improved.
Amongst other additional materials, which may b~ mixed
into the moulding mass according to the present invention, the
following ones may be mentioned.
The moulding mass may be provided wi-th additions of
heavy materials, especially heavy metals in the form of powder,
grains or granules. Amongst such metals lead and copper should be
mentioned as well as alloys containing lead and/or copper, e.g.
brass and bronze. The power of the moulding mass to assume and
accumulate heat will thereby ge-t very high. The conduction of
heat fed to the moulding mass and the removal of accumulated heat
from the moulding mass, respectively, are simultaneously improved,
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causing a shortening of the unavoidable time consumed for feeding
or removal of a given amount of heat.
Further, the moulding mass may be expanded -to a higher
degree than was earlier possible, still maintaining its rigidity,
and, thereby the expansion may be effected in many different ways.
For instance some suitable tenside may be mixed into the mass in
presence of air, or one may add to the moulding mass some plastic,
expanding under the influence of hea-t, such as polystyrene or
polyurethane and thereafter heat the moulding mass before i-t has
cured all through. A suitable tempera-ture at addition of poly
s-tyrene, for instance is 90C.
It was mentioned above that one could mix in cellulosic
material in finely divided form in acid milieu. If one would not
estimate the advantages emanating thereby, one may mix in the
cellulosic material on basic milieu. Thereby, the cellulosic
material preferably is zero fibers which are added along with
bi-carbonate to the moulding mass according to the present inven-
tion, preferably after it has been allotted a somewhat weaker
consistency by the addition of a plastic.
It is not only possible to mix the moulding mass accord-
ing to the invention with many different plastics but also with
other materials such as asphalt and latex, preferably when said
materials are in emulsion. Said materials will give to -the
moulding mass improved property as binding means.
Due to this improved binding property when the moulding
mass is used as a bonding means, it will also be especially well
adapted for reinforcement purposes. Such reinforcement may be
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effected with goo~ results by means oE re-inEorcement rnaterials
which were earlier regarded less suitable. Often just -these mat-
erials for re-inforcement are very cheap causing that one may
provide a product, comparable with earlier known re-inforced mat-
erials at much lower costs. When working wi-th a moulding mass
according to the presen-t invention it has been found -that the
curing takes place beginning at the outer surface of the mass such
that a skin is formed, which is plastically shapeable and very
tough, the mass inside of this skin initially being plastically
shapeable to a higher degree with a power thereafter -to retain its
shape. Thereafter, one may by pressing, rolling or the like give
to a quantity of said mass of given shape, which it will there-
after, retain during the continuation of the curing. This matter
of fact may, for instance, be used when impressing a pattern or a
relief into the surface of bodies of the mass according to the
invention.
~ mongst the advan-tages of -the invention, there should
also be men-tioned that it will provide a much better fire protec-
tion when used in a way which i8 earlier known from usual water
g:Lass based building productsl for instance as a cover on fire
dangerous buiLding parts.
Therefore, it has been possible, in construction de-
tails, which have been covered with a moulding mass according to
the present invention, to mix in larger quantities of otherwise
fire dangerous materials such as saw dus-t, tur~ and other organic
materials or asphalt emulsion, without decrease o~ the fire pro-
tecting properties. The fire protecting properties also cause
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- 9 - 63417-103
that the moulding mass according -to the invention will be sui-table
as a binding means in the production of laminar ma-terials,
especially plates for building purposes where one was, earlier,
advised to different types of glue which had either a bad
attachment power or were rather strongly apt to burn.
Intricate investigations in connection with the present
invention, thus, have been made in order to state the quantity of
activated silicon (activated silicon in pure form or in the form
of a simple compound) in relation -to the quan-tity of water glass,
perhaps wi-th an addition of quartz. Thereby, i-t has proved that
the specific properties concerned of the water glass composition
according to the invention exis-t at an addition of activated sili-
con such that the part of activated silicon calculated as the
weight of Si, of the dry weight of the sum of silicon, water glass
and ~uartz eventually added will be between 3 and 5 percent of
weight.
The quantity of activated silicon should not be less
than 3 percent of weight because, in such a case, it would not be
sufficient for providing the said and above further described
advantageous effects, nor should it be less than 5 percent of
weight because, in such a case, would the rigidity be less without
the surplus of activated silicon causing any observable improve-
ment of the above mentioned properties of the moulding mass. The
best result is obtained if the part of activated silicon is be-
tween 3.6 and 4.5 percent of weight or, with other words, about 4
percent of weight.
In the tests mentioned above with intermixing finely
divided cellulose, especially zero fibers from the paper and pulp
~ 10 - ~417-103
industry, i-t further proved that such an :intermixing in basic
milieu was, certainly, advantageous in given respects but in other
respects it was less favourable. But it also proved tha-t mixing
in cellulosic material in acid milieu in the way mentioned above
would give a very favourable result. Such an in-termixing did not
affect the fire safety and -the product, still, appeared as flame
safe and fire safe. At a small addition of the acid cellulose,
one could certainly retain a weak flame under strong formation of
soot but when the amount of cellulose was increased, one got com-
plete flame safety of the product and if the combustion was re-
tained by an outer source of fire in the way mentioned above, and,
thereafter the source of fire was removed, then the fire immedi-
ately extinguished.
Another apparent property of the product produced was
its elasticity, which did not seem to affect its draw rigidity.
Products of high elastic shapeability without any risk for break-
age find use -for many different purposes where one had, earlier,
no cheap material available.
The most important property of the product concerned,
however, is its cheap production costs. Mainly, it comprises
materials, which were earlier regarded not only as useless but
even as harmful and, unfortunately, impossible to use for any
useful purposes. Then, it must be regarded extremely desirable to
find a useful application of these materials. It is such an ap-
plication which has been made possible according to the present
invention. To this add that the final product gets favourable
properties without, simultaneously, being more expensive. Rather,
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i-t may be produced in a cheaper way.
In the inves-tigations forming basis o-f the present in-
vention, it further proved that the degree of acidity (pH) of the
cellulosic material used is of decisive importance. At too low a
value of pH the advantageous properties given accoun-t for above
will not show up in the product manufactured from -the moulding
mass, and, at too high a value of pH -the curing will -take place so
quickly, that there will not be sufficient time available for
controlling the run of the production, and the shaped body pro-
duced will also get brittle and fragile. This means, therefore,if one causes by choice of the value of pH that seemingly the
curing would take place slower than would be desirable with res-
pect to the demand for a rational production, this will not mean a
difficulty, which cannot be tolerated. It is only required to add
to the curer an accelerator and as such an accelerator preferably
some suitable phosphorus compound is used, e.g. ammonium
phosphate.
Further, in the production of objects under addition of
cellulosic material in acid milieu, the curing may take place by
means of electric alternating current flowing through the mass,
whereby one will get a very effective means for controlling the
speed of curing.
~ xtensive investigations, therefore, have been made for
finding the limit values of the pH of the acid cellulose. These
investigations have proved that the pH should be between 2 and 6.
If the pH is less than 2 or more than 6, you will not get a per-
fect product. Usually it would even not be possible to use.
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When intermixing the cellulosic material in the form o-f
zero fibers from the sulphate industry, one will immediately get
good results. If, on the contrary, the zero fibers are collected
from the sulphite industry, a given difficulty may arise. As a
matter of fact, the zero fiber material from the sulphite industry
is usually so strongly acid when leaving the wire that it will, at
this time cer-tainly be within the limits for the pH mentioned
above, but the said material will usually not be in this state.
The reason of this difficulty is that the zero -fiber material was,
hitherto, regarded a harmful product, and, therefore it was washed
away through existing outlets to adjacent water courses along wi-th
the waste water (lye water) from the wire, but this caused an
acidification of the water course and in some cases of the ground
water. Therefore, it was regarded dangerous to the milieu and
prescriptions were given which made it necessary to deacidify the
zero fiber material, e.g. by addition of lime ~CaO) in specific
inter-storing basins. By this s-tep, however, the zero fiber mat-
erial available in trade to be used for the purpose of the present
invention, from the cellulose industry and in firs-t place from the
sulphite cellulose industry was brought, as to its pH, outside of
the limit values which it should possess according -to the present
invention.
This disadvantage, therefore, had to be done away with
before one could add zero fiber material to a moulding mass of -the
present type. In practice, this is made by acidification of -the
zero fiber material before it is added to the water glass. This
may take place by addition of adapted quan-tities of an acid, and,
~ .. ~
~ , . . .. .
~2~9~
~ 13 - ~3~17~103
in practice, thereby only sulfuric acid will be used.
Zero fiber material from the sulphite pulp industry has
proved to be the be-t-ter one, but it was also possible to use zero
fiber cellulose from the sulphate pulp industry. However, it
proved that the acidity of the last mentioned fiber is sometimes
too high, because it is derived from the strong sulfuric acid
(~2S04). For some purposes, nevertheless it could be used, but
not in its existing state if it was collected directly from the
wire, and, in such a case, it had to be de-acidified.
The type of the cellulosic material added is not of
decisive importance. The reason why we have, above, especially
mentioned zero fiber material from the cellulose industry, and
thereby in first place from the sulphite and sulphate pulp ind-
ustry, simply is tha-t this material is a non-desired by product
and that, therefore, a useful use of i-t has been of value by the
consequent decrease of damages of the milieu.
Another waste product which is not desirable, however is
bark, even if the damages of the milieu from bark are of a rather
subordinated importance, because the barlc will slowly and in a
natural way be the subject o~ a decomposition turning over into
wood mould. But bark is also a material for which i-t is desirable
to find a useful use and, for this reason, investiga-tions have
been made in connection with the creation of the present invention
using finely divided bark meal. Bark meal comprises when collec-
ted from pine wood, quantities of tannic acid, which will rather
well correspond to the demands according to the present invention.
Usually, therefore, no adjustment of the p~ is necessary.
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- 14 - 63417 1~3
It was mentioned above that the quan-ti-ty of cellu:Losic
material added may be varied within rather wide limit.s, and, as
such limit values were indicated between 5 and 75 percen-t of
weight, in both cases to be calculated on basis of the dry weight
of the total of the mass contained in the composi-tion. This var-
iation of the amount of cellulose causes a strong variation of the
properties of the material produced. At low content of cellulose
will, contrary to what one would assume, the rigidity of the pro-
duced objects be less, but simultaneously a very light product is
obtained having exceedingly good properties of elastically return-
able power of changing its shape. The rigidity successively in-
creases with increase of the amount of the water glass based ini-
tial material, but the power of elas-tic re-turn of shape simul-
taneously will be less, however only slowly. Even at the highest
content of cellulosic material proposed of 75 percent of weight
will this elastic power of return be remarkably stron~. Of
course, however, the product will be heavier, the greater the
quantity of the initial material contained in the product is and
the less the quantity of cellulosic material is.
The above mentioned properties of a product from the
composition according to the convention has as its result that
this composition ~ay advantageously be used in the production o~
many different types of objects. Amongst such objects already
above have been mentioned heat accumulators, whereby it was pro-
vided that a heavy metal is introduced in the mass such as lead or
copper. Both lead and copper are rather expensive, and if it
desired to build up an accumulator of heat at lower costs even if
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- 15 - ~3~:Ll-103
with less e~fectivity, one may instead of these metals use some
other material within the ~roup which used to be calle~ "brown
material" and in which such materials as soapstone, felspar, ser-
pentine and olivine are contained.
The composition according to the invention further is
especially suitable for the production of building materials in
the form of plates for use in such cases when, earlier, gypsum
plates or coke slag plates or the like were used. The use of the
moulding mass according to the invention, however, shall not be
limited to these -fields of use.
Independently of if cellulosic material has been added
or not, and also, when using cellulosic material, independently of
if this took place in basic or in acid milieu, tests have also
been made with an addition of different polymerization products.
Ther~by, it has proved that the advantages mentioned above will
exist independently of what polymerization produc-t is used as a
filler for the purpose of giving the final product the specific
properties. In these tes-ts, however, a curiosity could be
observed for which one could not find a reliable explanation.
Adding to the water glass composition according to the invention
chosen parts of two different polymerization products, e.g. a
phenolic plastic and an acrylic plastic, or an epoxy plastic and
an acrylic plastic, one will get a final product which will not
only possess the qualitative properties of the two initial
polymerization products in combination, but these will appear in a
form, which is quantitatively stronger.
~ ~5~ ~ 63~17-103
As an example, it may be mentioned that one may use the
water glass composition according to -the invention for improving
the action of the proper-ties which acrylic plastics have as well
as those which epoxy plastics have, but if both of them are added,
one will get a rigidity of the ready product substantially greater
than the rigidity of the composition according to the invention
with an addition of only one of the two plastics. It has not been
possible to find the explanation of this, but it seems to be poss-
ible that the phenomenon may depend upon some kind of a cross
binding between the two plastics under influence of either water
glass or, which seems to be more probable, the activated silicon,
said activated silicon having a latent power, so that it may ac-t
as an activator/catalyst. Possibly, also quarts if present may
participate this probably catalytically based reaction. This last
mentioned, however, is doubtful.
The investigations, therefore, have been continued as
far as regards two such polymerization products chosen, and due -to
the exact and precise properties of each polymerization product
per se, it was supposed that the most reliable result would be
obtained if the investigations were made on basis of an addition
of an acrylic plastic in combination with an epoxy plastic to the
water glass composition according to the invention. Thereby
rigidity values were obtained, which were, certainly, a little
undetermined, but which were in general about 40 percent higher
than the values which could be obtained with the water glass com-
position according to the inven-tion under addition of only one of
the two said plastics. The matter of fact that the rigidity
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- 15b ~ ~3~17-103
values were a little unde-termined was supposed to depend upon the
fact that, when the kests were made one had no-t produced the part-
icles of the plastics with one and the same shape and size, but
this moment of uncertainty was regarded to correspond to circum-
stances as they are in practice.
The phenomenon was especially well observable within -the
range of between 10 and 30 percent of weight of acrylic plastic
and also between 10 and 30 percent of weight of the epoxy plastic,
said percentages in both cases being calculated on -the total of
the weight of the mass. No appreciable difference could be ob-
served if one for instance added one of the plastics in a quantity
of 10 percent of weight and the other one in a quantity of 30
percent of weight or vice versa. But one could observe that the
maximum of pressure rigidity was obtained when the plastics were
added in quantities which were between 15 and 2~ percent of weigbt
of the total of the dry weight of water glass and activated sil-
icon and the quartz perhaps present.
It pro~ed that the blow rigidity, the pressure rigidity
and the draw rigidity did all increase in the unexpected way men-
tioned above, but that the draw rigidity increased less than thetwo other ones. It was not possible to find any clear answer to
the question why the three types of rigidity increased at differ-
ent rates.
A mean value o~ the rigidity of the three types mention-
ed was calculated as ahout 30~ more than the increase of rigidity
obtained when only the one or the other one o-E the two plastics
were added to -the composition of water glass and activated silicon
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~ 15c - 63~17-103
and perhaps quartz. This mean value, -this were a little lower
than the value of 40~ mentioned above.
Below, some examples of the use of the inven-tion will be
given:
All of them have been tested and have been found in an extensive
rate to satisfy -the desire about the advantages given account
for.
Example 1:
This example regarded the use of the composition as a
binding means, more closely for use ln situ at the time when a
binding between two building materials is required. The composi-
tion was composed as follows:
Sodium water glass, dry weight295 parts
Quartz meal, dry weight 251 parts
Activated silicon (fly ashes), dry weight 25 parts
Curing means (sodium hexafluoride) 36 parts
The composition gave a very good binding effect, also onmaterial to which water glass alone as well as other known
compositions of water glass did not at all attach. After addition
of the curing means the composition hardened within a time o~ less
than ten minutes. A-t comparative tests with a composition without
activated silicon but wi-th the same quantity of curing means, the
hardening took a time of a least several hours and, in some cases,
up to one or more days.
Example 2:
\
This example also regarded a composition to be used as
binding means, this time, however, be-tween the lamina in a
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- 15d - 63~ 103
laminated plate for bui:Lding purposes. Also now comparative -tests
were made without addition~of activated silicon and it proved that
the composi-tion with activated silicon gave a binding effect which
was 30 ~ stronger than the one obtained without activated si~icon.
The composi-tion was composed as follows:
Sodium water glass, dry weight 270 parts
Activated silicon tfly ashes), dry weight 11 parts
Curing means equal as in Ex. 1 18 parts
Amongst others it proved at the tests tha-t the binding
means attached well to window glass, -to which tradi-tional water
glass based binding means do not at all attach, or if the glass is
frosted certainLy will attach but with a non resting binding. The
same applied to shiny metal surfaces.
Example 3:
This test intended creation of a floor cover material to
be used in factory locali-ties, where heavy vehicles are driven.
The intention was to provide a sound damping cover having long
duration. The composi-tion has -the following content:
Sodium water glass 270 parts
Quartz meal 300 parts
~ctivated silicon 24 parts
Curing means ~same as in Ex. 1~ 18 parts
Same composition was also prepared leaving out the
quartz meal. The two compositions were compared during completely
equal circumstances. Both hardened a-t a time of between 8 and 12
minutes after the curing means was added. Waste oil and fats did
not attach to the surface of the covered floor, which was regarded
- 15~ - ~3417-103
-the perhaps most important advan-tage of this floor cover when used
in a fac-tory locality.
The two tested floor covers were subject to artificial
strains in a test bank by al-terna-ting pushes and vibrations with
an intensity, calculated to correspond to normal strains during
five years. The surfaces of the floor cover containing quartz
meal remained intact. The surface of the floor cover which didn't
contain quartz meal after a period of time corresponding to be-
tween 4 and 5 years proved to have smaller fissures, but they were
not deep. Simultaneously, the floor cover produced inclusive of
quartz meal still was intact.
Example 4:
In this case the composition was used for production of
heat accumulating bodies for a steam generator. The composition
was as follows:
Sodium water glass 250 parts
Copper granulate 750 parts
Reinforcement (Steel wool)40 parts
Activated silicon (fly ashes)50 parts
Curing means (same as above)54 parts
The heat accumulator bodies were heated in the steam
generator to a temperature of 400C and, -thereafter, they were
cooled by spraying so that their temperature sunk during the time
of one second to 85C. Earlier, one had for same purpose used
heat accumulator bodies from same composition, however without -the
addition of activated silicon. These heat accumulator bodies with
an addition of activated silicon proved -to have a life length of
æ~4
- 15~ - 634:L7-103
averagely eight times the one for heat accumulator bodies without
activated silicon. The heat accumulator bodies without activated
silicon, after a short time, decomposed into pieces or smaller
parts, which could, in part, be called powder.
Exampl_ 5:
In this test building plates were produced under addi-
tion of acid cellulose material. First, a composition was pro-
duced containing sodium water glass, quartz meal and activated
silicon separately, and thereafter, by means of sulphuric acid the
pH of the zero fiber material from the sulphite pulp industry was
adjusted, said material having been brought in a way know per se
to a decreased acidity, which was insufficient for the present
purpose. The pH thereby was adjusted to be equal to 4. In this
case no conventional curer was used, because i-t proved that the
acid cellulose acted as a curer. The composition was as follows:
Composition: Sodium water glass 57 parts of weight
Quartz meal 6 parts
Activated silicon _ _ _ 2_parts
In total 45 parts
~el1ulosic material: 55 parts in weigh_
In total lO0 parts
After the production of the composition proper, the cellulosic
material was added, and the curing immediatel~ started. This,
however continued a little slower than in the tests l - 4. Be~ore
the curing had continued so far that -the material had got stiff,
and when it was still in a plastic state, so that it could be
shaped, it was cast into moulds for creation of the building
. ~L
- 15g ~ 63~17-103
plates. Thereafter the curing continued until the plate was ready
cured. During the end of the curing this took place rather quick-
ly such that the material turned over from plastic consistency
into the final solid one in less than ten minutes. At this time,
the produced building plate could be removed from the mould immed-
iately.
The building plates produced had a higher rigidity than
any building plates on basis of water glass earlier known. In
firs-t place, however, they proved to have a power of elastic
return of any change of shape, which was very remarkable. This
way, such damages could be avoided which would otherwise easily
happen during transportation or mounting, and, as a consequence
thereof, -the mounting work could take place both easier and
quicker.
