Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~2~ 9
Th~ pre~ent i~v~lbioll relabs~ t~ ~he mi~lng ang~-
~e~rlng ~d, m~ra ~p~cific~ , b~ a po~er u~ib f`or
de~trucbion o~ rooka.
~i~Ld o~ ~h~ InY~nt~D~
~h~ pr~s~nt i~lV~lltiD~ be u~ or breakl~3
off l8r~ rock ms~oliths along ~he llae ~f bla~thole~
~011D~q~d by di~i~te~r~ti~ of monolitb~ intD block3~
*or explosi~ ~r~e dri7 ing of rock worki~g , ~or d~truc-
tio~ D:~ found~tiD~ sf old buildi~gs ~d oth~r ~tron~
10 ~ootings. W~ be powe~ uait is used i~ borehole~
b~ ~mplD~e~ ~or vvsakeni~g ~ difficult-tD-col-
lap~e roof in minlLg Df th~ ~txatified deposlb~, for .
p~si~lve deg~sicg o~ coal 3~ 1, for ~racturl~g of
r~ervoir~ and g~3-b~ari~g ~trat~, f~r ~ud,~iQg the
15 ~tres~ed a~d de~rmed sb~te ~f a rock ~ u~dor natu-
r~l c o nd it ion~ .
The pre~ent 1~venbiD~ be us~d in ths metal- :
worki~g lndustr,~ as a pswer~ul ~ slze drive ~or
a~tuat~ne m~a~ of pro~es9 j~ck~, guillotine~ a~d
obher i~3tallatiDn9 utllizl~g cDnsiderable diractcà
orce
B~ckground D~ o I~enti~
En~w~ he prior ~rt is a power u~it: (cf. USS~
von~or's Ca~bi~lca~e ~o"420,779, cl, E 21c 39/00~ 1974),
; ~ 25 c~mpri~1~g ~ h3usi~ ter~allg accDIQmod~ting alD~g the
~: :
2 --
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longitudinal`axis and throughout the entire length
thereof a tubular elastic vessel with sealin~ means dis-
posed at the ends thereof. The housin~ of the given
power unit comprises two portions one of which is
stationary rclative to the axis of the power unit,
while the other one is an extendable metal plun~er.
,'Yhen pressure i~ the hydraulic system is raiSed the
inner space o~ the elastic vessel is filled ~ith a
working medium and the vessel is expanded. ~s the
volume occupied by the elastic vcssel is restricted by
the housinæ portions, the plun~er extends and acts
upon an ob~ect.
The po~Yer unit develops the force in a present
direction proportionally to the area of the plun~er
surface in contact with the elastic vessel, Thus the
erficiency of the power unit o~ the above-mentioned
design is low.
"ie understand the efficiency as a ratio between
tha force developed by t~e po-~er unit in a preset di-
rection and the l~orce developed by the elastic vessel~The transverse coml~onent of the wor,{ln~ ~edium pl'~S-
sure built up by the elastic vessel, the vector of
which is perpendicular to the vector of the force
developed by the power unit in the preset direction
is not utilized for developin~ the ~oree in the
preset direction. The transverse co~ponent causes
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~27~ 3
de~ormation o~ t~e stationar~ portion of the hous-
: in~ bri~ging about ther~in plastic strains which
reduce the reliable operation o~ the power unit.
When pressure o~ the working medium in the elastic
5 vessel is raised, it i~creases the value o~ the trans-
: verse co~ponent. Increase o~ the transverse co~ponent
causes ~or~ation o~ clearances 'between the plun~er
and the stationary portion of th~ housing in which
: the material Or the elastic vessel "~'lows". ~his con-
dition leads to rupture, i.e. to depressurization o~
the elastic vessel. The ways for improving rigidity
o~' the hou~in~ le~d either to an increase in t'he metal
content or to a substantial complicatio~ of the power
unit manu~acturin~ methods on the whole,
Attempts of increasing the ef~icie~cy o~' the
power unit ~ave rise to the construction disclosed in
: USSR Inventor's:Certificate No.19033,819, cl.E21C
.~ 37~06, 19~2.
q'he known power unit comprises a longitudinally
; 20 split housin~ intarnally coaxially accommodating a
tubular elastic vessel and two expanding inserts, each
o~ which is disposed on the side o~ the parting line
~ o~:the housin~. :In the plane perpendicular to the
: ~ housin~ axis:tcle insert has a trapezoidal section
:
the larger base o~ ~vhich be~rs a~ainst t~e elastic
: vessel~acld the sides bear against the inner wall of
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the housin~. In a~dition, the power unit incoFporates
two holders each of which is provi~ed with a pipe union
intended for delivery of a worXing medium into the
space of the elastic vessel. Each of the ends of the
elastic vessel is disposed betw0en the pipe union and
the holder. A perfor~ted tubular core is arranged in
the space of the elastic vessel alon~ the longitudi-
nal axis thereo~. Each end of the perforated tubular
COl`e i9 made in the form of a pipe union. ~ach of the
holders is essentially a sleeve wita the in-ter~al
thread en~aged with the e~ternal thread of the pipe
union; thus the hol~ers are riiOidly connected -w-ith
each other through the medium of the perforated core.
The nol~ers are intended for sealin~ the ends of the
elastic vessel.
when the ~iorkin~ medium is delivered under pres-
; sure into the inner space of the elastic vessel the
~ housing portlons are ex~anded both by the elastic
:
vessel and the expandin~ inserts.
~ he lcnown power unit f`ailed to find wide appli-
cation in breakin~ natural rock monoliths, for example,
grani~e~ of* the~roc~ mass~because of a limited force
developed by -the elastic vessel, for exampl~, about
10 MPa, as the po~er unit cannot dev210p the reguired
force in the preget direction, i.e. in the direction
; ;perpendicular to the pl~ne of t~le breaX. '~his is
~; ~
;, . : ~
explai~ed by that the substantial axial loads aris-
ing in the tubular core stretch it. 1~is l~ads to
formation of a clearance between the end of the hous-
ing and the end of each of th~ hol~ers facin~ the elas-
tic vessel. '~he material of the elastic vess~l "flows"in this clearance and then the vessel ruptures~ ~esid~s~
t~le core stretching weakens the sealin~ of the elastic
vessel ends which brin~s about leaks of the working
medium. '~he core stretching may be reduced at th~ cost
of increasing the core cross-soctional area. However,
it leads to a sharp increase in the overall dimensions
and metal content of the power unit, or in case of
maintaining the original overall dimensions of the
po~er unit it brin6s about a decrease in the working
: 15 travel of the housin~ movable portions and a rise of
-
~ the unit pressure at the;place where the slde surface
: of the inserts come in contact with the inner surface
of the housin~ which is not desirabl2, as it involves
: the use of special m~terials and lubricants.
It should also be not~d that the trapezoidal shape
of the~ex~andin~ inserts is not optimum, as in case
of a non~uniform Oearin~ of the housin~ expandable
portions against th~ ~surface o~ a blasthole or a bore-
:: hole, a clearance is formed between the side surface o~
~each insert and the inner sur~ace of the housin~ in
which the material o~ the elastic vessel will 'rflow ~.
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Summarg of the Invention
It is an object o~ the present invention to
widen the field o~ the power unit application at the
expense of a substantial increase in the force exerted
by said unit in a preset direction by way of raising
the p~essure of the working mediu~ in the elastic
vessel, with retention of the preset overall dimen-
sions and reduction o~ the po~er unit metal content.
It is another object of the present invention to
improve reliability of the power unit operation by
way of transmitting t~e tens1le ~orces set up in the
elastic vessel to the ex~andable portions o~ the hous-
ing and by compeasatin~ ~or microclearances ~orrQed at
- high pressures.
It is still another object ol the pr~sent inven-
tion to improve r~liability o~ the sealing of the
::~ elastic vesse} ends by way of clampin~ thera on the
pipe unions with a ~orce proportional to an increase
: in the pressure of the working medium in the ~l~s-tic
~;~ : 20 vesselO
o accornplish the fore~oing and other obaects,
the invention consists ln that in a l~ower unit co~p~
rl~in~ a longitudinally split iaousing internally coaxia-
accornmodatinæ~a tubul~r elastic vessel~ two
: : 25 expanding insert each of which is disposed on the
side of the housing parting line and has in the
plane perpendicular to the housing axis a trapezoidal
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tZ71~
section the ~reater base of which bears against the
elastic vessel, While the sides bear ~ainst the
inner wall o~ the housing, two holders eacn of which
is provided with a pipe union intended for delivery o~
a ~orkin~ medium into the space o~ the elastic vessel,
each o~ the ends of the el~stic vessel being disposed
betwee~ -the pipe union and the hol~er, according to
the invention, ~ch of the hol~ers has a fla~ge dis-
posed in a circular recess ~hich is made~on the inner
surface o~ t~e nousin~ and accoml~odates an elastic
element surroundin~ the tubular elastic.vessel, and
the pipe unions are i~stalled in the holders ~`or
lon~itudinal movement.
Such a~ embodiment o~` the power unit widens the
field o~ its application, for example, i~ explosion-
free breaking o~ large hi~h-strength natural roc~
monoliths ~rom the roc~ mass, ~or ~ract~uring boreholes
- :
in the rock mass with the aim o~ evaluating the
stressed state of the earth's crust, preventing the
2Q: rock bursts, etc. '~his is achieved by increasing the
maximum directed f:orce de~eloped by the power unit
due to~the ~âct that the axial ~orce being essentially
a lon~itudinal compone~nt of the ~orking medium pres-
. sure in the elastic vessel is ta~en up by the hous-
2~ 1ng of the power unit. '~his has beco~e ~easible due
; : to arran~ement of e~ch of the hol~er fla~es in a
.
:
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circular recess made on the inner wall o~ e~ch of the
split housin~ portions. Now the housin~ o~ the power
unit is capable of takin~ up substantial axial forces,
~s its cross-sectio~al area considerably exceeds the
5 cross-sectional area of the power unit tubular core
disclosed in US~R Inventor's Certi~icate No.1,033,819.
'~nis improved the longitudinal rigidity of the power
unit which ~ade it possible to diScard the tubular
core, reduce the metal content a~d to Simplify the
power unit manu~acturin~ methods. As in the process
of the ~ower unit ope.ration the s~lit portions of the
housin~ take up substantial axial ~orces, the power
unit construction is ~ade prestressed. This e~cludes
plastic deformations in the housing which impro~es re-
liabilit~ and durabilitg of tne power ~nit~ Due to
an increase in the lon~itudinal rigidity of the power
unit; reli~bilit~ oY its operation at considerable rise
o~ the workin~ medium pressure in the elastic vessel is
~ proved ~ as tha ~icroclearances between the housing
and fla~es o~ the holaers appearin~ at hi~h pressures
are ~iecreased. In addition? these microcleara~ces are
compensated for by expansion of the elastic elements
surrounding tha tubular elastic vessel~ each of` the
el~stic elements being irst~lled in a circular recess
made on the inner surface o~ the housing, Each of the
el~stic ele~e~ts is in contact with the face o~ the
holder, the surf`ace o~ the circular recess and with
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the ~ace of the expanding insert. '~his prev~nts the
material o~` the el~stic vessel ~rom "flowln~" in
the clearances and -thus substantiall~ impro~es relia-
bility of tne po~er unit operation at high pressures,
ov~r 100 i.~a, o~ the workin~ medium in the elastic
vessel,
~ he power unit may advantageously be provided
with two bushin~s eac~i of which is rigidly connected
Wit'.l the holder and has a central cylindrical passa~e
for receiving the pipe union, conjugated with the co-
nical sur~ace ~vhose ~eneratrix has an angle of incli-
nation relative to the lo~itudinal axis of the bush-
in~ correspondin~ to the an~le of incli~ation of the
generatrix o~' the conical surface o~ the pipe union
head, and the ~eneratrix of the conical surface made
in the holder has an a~le o~ inclination relative to
the lon~itudinal axis of' the holaer corresponding to
the angle o~ inclination of the ~ensratrix of another
: conical surf`ace of the pipe union head~ with the co-
nical sur~aces of the bushin~ and the holder facing each
other by the lar~er bases.
~ urina assembly of the power unit the ends of the
elastic v~ssel are clamped between the appropriate.
conical surf~ces. ~,ihen the workin~ medium is delivered
un~r pressur~ throu~h the pipe union into the in~er
space of the elastic vesssl, the ends thereo~ are
, _ 10
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ad~itionall~ self-sealed, as the pipe union is
adapted for lon~itudinal movement within the limits
~overnecl by the el~sticity of the material o~ the
elastic vessel. It should be noted that the greater
the pressure in the inn~r space of the elastic vessel,
the stron~er is the clamping o~ the ends thereof bet--
ween the conical sur~ce of the pipe union head and
the respective conical surface in the inner sp~ce o~
the holder. 'l'his makes it possible to avoid depressuri-
10 ~ation o~ the elastic vessel space at hig~h (of theorder of 100 ~,~a) pre~sures and hence to increase the
force developed b~ lhe po~er unit. 'nhus, the reliability
of sealin~ o~ the elastic vessel ends is improved due
to their clamping on the conical surface of the pipe
union head witil a force proportional to an increase
of the workin~ medium pressure in the elastic vessel,
Preferably, each o~ the elastic elements is made
in the form of a cone-shaped ring, is installed in a
conical recess provided in the end portion o~ the holder
~'la~ge and bears by its base ~gainst a washer installed
in tho circular recess of` the housing.
Embodiment of the elastic elements in the ~orm
of cone-shaped rin~s allo~s the wedge effect to be
employed for transferring the forces to the washer which
in the process o~ the power unit operation covers an
annual microclearance between the holder ~lan~ and
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the ~ovable parts of the construction. This takes
place due to the fact that the cone-shaped rings are
capable of radial expansion and bear by their bases
against the axially movable washers made~ for example,
of m~tal. ~pansion of t~e tubular elastic vessel
causes a defini-te radial expansion of the cone-shaped
rinOs ~ihich b~ their bases force the washars against
t.,e faces of the housing split portions and t`ne faces
of tae ~x~anding inserts, thereby co~pensating for the
annular ~icroclearances ~ormed at high pressures and
thus prevent the material o~ the elastic vessel from
"flowin~" in said microclearances~ ~his substantially
il~proves reli~bility of tne po~er unit operation.
The power unit according to the inve~tion has
found v~ide a~plication in dif~erent branches of the
industry, for exa~ple, in mining en~ineering and
construction:
- for rock quarrying by ~ay o~ breaking lar~e
~onoli-ths alon~ the line o~ blastholes o~f the roc~
mass followed by disintegration of monoliths into
blocks;
- for explosion-free driving of mine workings
(tunnels, adits, etc.) When a~plication of the blast-
ing operations is not per~issible;
25 l ~ ~or destruction of strong lootings and foundat-
ions of old buildings;
- 12
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'~Z711~
for cleaning up slopes in constructio~ o~
roads, water ~evelopments and other objects under
conditions of mountainous t~,rrain;
~ for WeaKening of a difficult-to-collapse
roof;
- ~or forced degassi~g of coal seams and preven-
tion of instantaneous outbursts by ~ay of a positive
relie~ of sea~s;
- for fracturi~g of strata in oil and gas
holes;
- ~or stuaying deformation and stren6th proper-
ties, and the stressed state of a rock mass of any
strength in boreholes at a preset depth.
: ~a~ing into account its compactness, power and
: : 15 hi~h r~liability, the po-~ier unit according to the
ve~tion is used i:n the machine-building and metal-
working industries as:a universal driv~ of directed
action ~or:
powerful;presses a~d press tools (providing
both unil~teral and alL-round reduction) witn a totaI
orce of ap lOO,OC0 t and upward;
powerYul jaCL~s~ ln t.iose cases wLlen there is
no need for a:substantlal working travel;
- guillotlnes used for cutting sheet steel, wire
ropes,:chains and other materials.
The power unit:acc~ording to the invention shoY.,s
promise ~or use in actuating me,ans of industrial ro~*s.
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Brie~ Description of Drawing~
Additional objects and advantages o~ the inven-
tion will appear fro~ the follo~ing description in
wnich the pre~eIred embodiment is set forth in detail
in conjunction with the acco~p~nying drawi~s, viherein:
~ig. 1 schematically illustrates a power uni~
according to the invention, in a cut-av~ay
view;
Fig. 2 is e section on II-II o~ Fi~ 1, reYolv-
ed 90.
A po~er unit according to the invention desi~ned,
for example, ~or roc.{ guarryin~ by ~Jay o~ bre aking
lar~e nonoliths alon~ the lina of blastholes off the
rock mass followed by disinte~ration of monolithS into
: 15 blocks 9 comprises a lon~itudinall~ split housing 1
(~ig. 1~ coaxiall~ accommodating a utubular elastic
vessel ~. ~nds o~ the~elastic vessel are put on pipe
: : unions 3. Eacn of the ends o~ the ~lastic vessel ~ is
secured betwéen a holder 4 provided with a ~lange 5
~ : 20 and a bushin~ 6. '~`tliS bushin~ has a cylindrical pas-
: : sa~e ~or receivin~ t'ae :pipe union 3, conju~ated with a
conical surface -~.;Lose ~eneratrix has an an~le o~
inclination relative to:the lon~itudinal axis o~ the
bushing 6 correspondine to the angle of inclinatio~ of
~:::: 25 the ~aneratrix of the conical sur~ace o~ the head of
: the pipe union 3, and the generatrix o~ the conical
:: . ,
14 _ :
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~ 2 ~
surface made in the holder 4 has an an~le of` inclinati-
on relative to the lon~itudinal axis o~ the hol~er 4
corr~sponding to the angle of` inclination of the
generatrix of another conical surface of the head of`
the pipe union 3, ~ith the conical surfaces o~ the
bushing 6 and the hol~er 4 f`acing eac~l other by the
larger bases. The ends o~ the tubular elastic vessel 2
are clamped between the conical surfaces o~ the head
of' the pi~e union 3 and the bushing 6 by means of a
nut 7 and a w~sher 8. 3isposed on the side of the
parting line of the housing 1 are expanding inserts 9
(~ig. ~), each of which in the plane perpendicular to
the housing axis has a trapezoidal section. Inserts 9
: bear ~ainst the tubular elastic vessel ~ through
15: liners 10 m~de of an elastic material. M~de on the end
surf&c~s o~ the flanges 5 (Fig. 1) are conical reces-
ses which accommodate elastic elements made in the f'or~
of co~e-shaped ri~gs 11 bearing by their bases against
::
as'aers 12. Elastic rings 13 surrounded by ri~id limit-
ing rin~s 14 are:arran~ed in tne circular grooves pro-
vided on t~le outer surf`ace of` the housing 1.
he power unit operates in the ~ollowing wa~.
Whe~ the working medium is delivered throu~h
the pipe union 3 into t~e inner s~ace of the tubular
25~ elastic vessel ~, the latter expands; in this case,
~ ~ :
~ the force is transmitted to the split portions of
: .
~ the housing 1 bot:-l by the tubul~r elastic vessel 2
~:
~ 15
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and the expandin~ inserts 9. Under the action of the
Working medium pres~ure in -the inner space of the
elastic vess01 2, the pipe union 3 moves in the lon-
~itudinal direction within the limits governed oy the
elasticit~ o~ the material of the el~stic vessel,
there~y ensurinO the self-sealin~ o~ the elastic
vessel ends. It should be noted that the greater the
pressur~ of the workin~ medium in the space of the
elastic vessel, the stron~er is the clamping of the
ends thereof between the conical surface of the head
of the ~ipe union 3 and the respective inner conical
surface of tne holder. This ma~es it possible to avoid
depressurization of the elastic v~ssel 2 at àign pres-
sures o~ aboat 100 lmPa. l'he pressure of the wor~ing
15 m~dium is tra~smitted through the tubular elastic
~;vessel 2 to the c;one-shaped rings 11 and caus~s an
:~ : elastic e~pa~sion of the l~tter in th~ radial directi-
o~; as a result, the cone-shaped rin~s 11 force the
ashels 12 ~gainst:th~ f`aces o~ the expandin~ inserts
: ~20 9 and against the side su~face of tae circular reces-
ses on the inner surface of the housin~ 1, in ~hich
the holders 4~are ri~idly ~ixed a~ainst lon~itudlnal
displaceme~t. ~hls compensates for the annular micro-
: clearances for~ed at high pressures, thereby prevent-
ing the material of tne elastic vess~1 2 from "flowi~g"
:: in t'ae ~icroclearances. ~iihen the working pressure is
:reduced to zero~ all the movable elemsnts of the
16
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1271~0~
power unit return to the ori~inal position un~er the
action o~` the elastic rinæs 13 which tnrust against
the rigid limiting rings 14.
~rhe use o~ t'ne ~iven po~er unit makes it possible
5 to subs tantially step up the labour productivity in
yuarrying and processin~ of the building stone, improve
the sa~ety and to simpli~y the tecnnology of some un-
der~round minin~ processes. '~he use ol the po~er
unit in the machine-building and metal-working in-
dustries as a po~erful drive ~or actuating means ofpresses and jac~s ~a~es it possible to ~implify the
construction and to reduce~the overall dimensions
thereo~.
: The economic e~iciency of' the invention has
been considered o~ a speci~ic e~bodiment thereof in-
tended f`or use in one o~` the application Ylelds.
A power unit manu~actured accolding to the pre-
sent invention Y~ith a len~:th o~ 40 cm and outside dia-
meter ;o~ 42 mm develops a f'orce of` 300 t at a pres-
sure o~ the workln~ medium in the elastic vessel equalto 100 l~a waicn ~llo~Ys it to be used as a working
; : m~ns ~`or brea~ing of'f the roc~ monoliths alon3 the
line of`:blastholes.~
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