Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
The invention relates to raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger,
particularly for dust-~oaded raw gases.
Heat exchangers are known in which hot gas, as the primary medium,
heats another gas serving as a secondary medium. It is also known
that the yreatest possible heating of the secondary medium is
achieved if the latter flows through the heat exchanger in
counterflow to the primary medium. ~lith heavily dust-laden gases
such as are generated especially from powdered coal furnaces,
fluidized-bed furnaces or coal gasifiers, the problem arises,
however, of reducing or removing the deposits which have a
detrimen~al effect on the heat transfer. This involves not only
deposits of soot, dust or ash particles but also, particularly
with coal gasifiers, the desublimation of NH4Cl as well as
deposits which are caused by thermophoritic e~fects. These
deposits can clog heat exchanger tubes with internal flow or if
the flow is on the outside, form deposits on the heat exchanger
tubes which narrow down the spaces between these heat exchanger
tubes gradually and finally also clog them. These deposits
markedly decrease the heat exchange if they have a thickness of
one to two millimeters. It has been proposed to let the dust-
laden raw gases flow through the heat exchanger tubes at a high
flow velocity which prevents the formation of deposits in the
tubes. This solution, however, requires considerable compressor
power and, if the raw gas is loaded with dus~, leads to erosion
problems with the heat exchanger tubes and the compressors.
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Sum _r~ of the_Inv n_ion
It is an object of the invention to develop a raw gas/purified yas
heat exchancJer which is particularly well adapted to the operating
conditions if heavily dust-containing raw gases are used. Also, a
temperature difference as small as possible between the entering
hot raw gas and the discharged secondary medium, the purified gas,
is to be achieved.
The invention provides raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger,
particularly for dust-laden raw gas, comprising heat exchanger
tubes through whlch purified gas flows and which ar0 arranged in a
substantially vertical channel which is open at the bottom and is
acted upon from above by raw gas, this channel together with the
heat exchanger tubes being disposed in a container which is closed
on all sides and is provided with a raw yas discharge line at ~he
upper end thereof, wherein the heat exchanger tubes bent in
meandex fashion are arranged in different planes extending
parallel to each other and to a symmetry axis of the channel, are
connected at the lower end of the channel to an input plenum and
at the upper end of the channel to an output plenum, the bottom of
the container being funnel-shaped and provided with an ash
discharge device at the lowest point of the bottom of the
container.
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Although the invention is illustrated and described herein as
embodied in a raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger, it is
nevertheless not intended to be limited to the details shown,
since various modifications may be made -therein without depart~
ing from the spirit of the invention and within the scope and
range of equivalents of the claims.
Brief Description of the Drawings
The invention, however, together with additional ohjects and
advantages thereof will be best understood from the following
description when read in connection with the accompanying
drawings in which:
FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a raw gas/purified gas
heat exchanger according to the invention,
FIG. 2 is a section of the heat exchanger taken along line
II-II of FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 is a raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger similar to
that shown in FIG. 1 but in which the output plenum is
relocated in the channel.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
In accordance with the invention, the purified gas f~ows
through the heat exchanger tubes and the dust-laden raw gases
from the outside flow in counterflow around these heat ~
exchanger tubes. In this manner, clogging of the narrow heat -¦
exchanger tubes is prevented without the necessity of greatly
increasing the flow velocity therein to a high flow velocity.
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Because the heat exchanger tubes are used in a substantially
vertical open channel on which -the raw gas acts ~rom above, it
is assured tha-t the largest possible amount of the dust is
transported direc-tly from the top to the bottom. At the same
time the dust is prevented from accumulating in some region of
the hea-t exchanger heating surfacès to a significant degre~.
Due to the fact that the heat exchanger tubes are arranged in
different mutual parallel planes which are als~ parallel to the
symmetry axis, the heat exchanger tubes may be ¢leaned during
the operation by means of soot b]owers or other suitable
vibrators. Also individual heat exchanger tube`s which may have
become defective may be replaced, un`hindered by adjacent heat
exchanger tubes.
If, in an advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the
channel together with the heat exchanger tubes is arranged in a
container which is closed on all sides and is equipped with a
raw-gas discharge line at the upper end, the raw gas which
passes in contact with the heat exchanger tubes in the channel
is cooled-down and the cooled-down raw gas flows around the
outside of the channel. As a consequence, thermal insulation
to be provided to retard loss of heat through the container
need be designed only for the substantially lower temperature
of the cooled-down raw gas. In addition, separation due to
centrifugal force of the entrained particles from the raw gas
is obtained by the deflection of the raw gas by 180 at the
lower open end of the channel.
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A particularly simple mounting which facilitates maintenance of
the heat exchanger tubes is obtained in conjunction with their
installation in planes which are parallel with respect to each
other and to the axis of symmetry of the channel, if, in an
advantageous further embodiment of the invention, the heat
exchanger tubes are connected at the lower end of the channel
to an input plenum and at the upper end of the channel to a
discharge plenum. In the event that one of the heat exchanger
tubes is defective, the latter can then be cut off at a highly
accessible point at the upper or lower end of the channel,
pulled out and replaced by a new heat exchanger tube.
Arrangement of the input plenum in the interior of the channel
is thermally particularly advantageous. Hot flue gases flow
directly over the relatively large surface of the input plenum
minimizing any heat loss which can be produced in this region.
Further details of the invention are explained with reference
to two embodiment examples shown in the drawings.
As seen in a FIG. 1, of the raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger
1, the raw gas input line 3 opens concentrically from above and
its enlargement forms a substantially rectangular channel 4 in
the interior of the pressure vessel 2 of the raw gas/purified
gas heat exchanger 1. In the channel 4 of the raw gas/purified
gas heat exchanger 1, the heat exchanger tubes 5 are indicated
which are arranged in meander fashion and are connected at the
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lower, open end of the channel 4 to an entrance plenum 6 and at
the upper channel to a discharge plenum 7 for the purified gas.
The input plenum 6 i9 connected to a purified gas line 8
in~roducing cooler purified gas into the heat exchanger and the
discharge plenum 7 is connected to a separate purified gas line
9 through which hotter purified gas is discharged from the heat
exchanger. The upper end of the pressure vessel 2 of the raw
gas/purified gas heat exchanger 1 shaped like a bottle
surrounds the raw gas input line 3. In this region, the raw gas
discharge line 10 is brought out laterally.
As is shown in the sectional view of Fig. 2, the pressure
vessel 2 is cylindrical, while the channel 4, supporting the
heat exchanger tubes 5, has a substantially rectangular cross
section. In addition, it is seen in Fig. 2 that the heat
exchanger tubes 5 are arranged in planes which are a.rranged
parallel to the symmetry axis of the channel 4 and parallel to
each other.
In the operation of the raw gas/purified gas heat exchanger 1,
the hot dust-laden raw gas flows from above via the raw gas
input line 3 into the channel 4 of the raw gas/purified gas
heat exchanger 1. In.the process, the raw gas flows past the
heat exchanger tubes 5 bent in meander fashion and by contact-
ing tubes 5 transfers.heat from the ra~w gas to the purified gas
flowing through the interior of heat exchanger tubes 5. At the
lower open end of the channel 4, the raw gas is deflected by
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180 as indicated by the arrows, and the raw gas then flows
upwardly within the pressure vessel 2 on the outside of the
channel 4 to the upper end of the raw gas/purified gas heat
exchanger and then into the raw gas-discharge line 10. The
sharp deflection at the lower end of -the channel 4, causes
particles of all kinds which have been carried along by the raw
gas to be separated from the raw gas. The separated particles
drop onto the funnel-shaped bottom 11 of the pressure vessel 2.
The particles collecting at the bottom 11 can be drained from
time to time via a known ash lock 12. The cold purified gas
flowing from the purified gas line 8 into the lower input
plenum 6 flows upwardly counter-current and in indirect heat ~~
exchange wi-th the downwardly flowing hot raw gas. The cold
purified gas in its passage from the. lower input plenum 6
through the individual heat exchanger tubes 5 and out of them
to the upper exit plenum 7 becomes warmed-up. The heated
purified gas in the discharge plenum 7, is discharged from heat
exchanger 1 through purified gas discharge line 9. As is shown
in FIGS. 1 and 2, the input as well as the output plenums 6 and
7 are connected on opposite sides with respective purified gas
input line 8 and purified gas discharge line 9.
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An important advantage of the raw gas/purified gas heat
exchanger 1 resides in conducting a major part of the particles
brought in by thQ raw gas past the heat exchanger tubes 5 and
separating the particles at the lower end of the channel 4 from
the raw gas by the 180 deflection with the separated particles
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dropping in-to the funnel-shaped bottorn ll of the pressure
vessel ~. This significantly reduces the expenditure for the
dust removal. nust particles which settle on the individual
meanders of the heat exchanger tubes 5 are carried to a large
extend down into funnel bottom 11 by the raw gas following in.
Dust particles collecting in funnel ll can be removed period-
ically through the ash lock 12. The raw gas which is substan-
tially purified in that it is substantially free of solid
particles, and cooled down to 150 can then be conducted via
the raw gas discharge line 10 for further use. Furthermore, the
arrangement of the heat exchanger tubes 5 without a tube shee-t
in two-dimensional parallel planes makes possible the unimpeded
use of soot blowers and other cleaning equipment. It also
permits the subsequent replacement,,of entire heat exchanger
tubes which can be severed for this purpose at the input and
the output plenum 6, 7 or welded anew.
Fig. 3 shows a variation of the raw gas/purified gas heat
exchanger of Fig. 1. Here, too, the raw gas input line 13 leads
erom above vertically into the pressure vessel 14 of the raw
gas/purified gas heat exchanger 15 and the rectangular channel
16 which is arranged centered in the pressure vessel 1~ is kept
open at the lower end. The pressure vessel 14 also surrounds
the raw gas input line 13 in the same manner as was described
in connection with Fig. 1. The raw gas discharge line 17 is
also connected here at the upper end of the pressure vessel 14.
The design of the input plenum 18 and the arrangement of the
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heat exchan~er tubes l9 is similar to that in the embodiment
examples of Eigs. 1 and 2. The purified gas output plenum 20,
however, is arranged, deviating from the embodiment example of
Fig. 1, in the interior and not outside the channel 16 and
thus, hot raw gas flow around it. The two stand-pipes 21, 22 on
both sides of the discharge plenum 20 meet in the middle above
the discharge plenum in the region of-the symmetry axis 23 of
-the raw gas~purified gas heat exchanger 15 in the raw input
line 13. The joined standpipes are brought out from the raw gas
channel 13 with mirror symmetry with respect to the raw gas
discharge line 17 and the pressure vesse] 14. In this variant
which has a positive eEfect especially in case of smaller
temperature differences between the heated-up purified gas and
the arriving raw gas, the heated-up purified gas in the dis-
charge plenum 20 is prevented from giving up heat to the
already cooled-down raw gas. Instead, the hot raw gas flows
around the stand-pipes of the exit plenum 20.
The foregoing is a description corresponding, in substance, to
Ger~an application P 35 18 842.1, dated May 24, 1985, interna-
tional priority of which is being claimed for the instant
application and which is hereby made part of this application.
Any material discrepancies between the foregoing specification
and the specification of the aforementioned corresponding
German application are to be resolved in favor of the latter.
