Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1280~34
SKI
BACKGROU~D OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
_
The invention refers to a ski comprising an assembly
comprising at least one running surface layer, a top surface
layer and at least one multiple-part intermediate layer.
Description of the Prior Art
In connection with some skis composed of different
materials it has, for example, already become known to use,
beside glass fibre laminates and aluminium layers, wood cores
consisting of a plurality of layers glued together. Such wood
cores are, as a rule, constructed such that the majority of
bars of rectangular cross section is connected with one another,
Most frequently, the individual bars are arranged within the
ski such that the longitudinal sides of the rectangular cross-
-sectional profile contact one another, which results in
increasing the stiffness and in a better stability. In case of
bending stress there exists in such a type of construction
only a reduced possibility of a relative shifting movement of
the individual bars. The bending stress becomes, in case of an
evading movement of the bars, primarily effective as a force
component acting in normal direction on the glued areas. If
c~acks are produced in the glued surface areas, the composite
structure is rapidly weakened with the rising risk of fracture.
Therefore, it has already been proposed to improve the stability
to envelope the multiple-part core or to enclose this core
~4~'
, .
~280134
-- 2 --
within a common hollow profile for forming some type of a
torsion box. On account of the kinking stress of the torsion
bo~ when bending the ski, the desired stren~th ~roperties and
elasticity properties can be coped with to a limited extent
in case of predetermined selection of materials.
Summary of the Invention
The invention now aims at providing a simple construction
of the initially mentioned type which has a higher resistance
against fracture and which provides the possibility to provide
the ski with a greater permanent deformation. For solving this
task, the invention essentially consists in that one inter-
mediate layer comprises elements of substantially parallelo-
gram-shaped cross-sectlon, which elements are lnclined rela-
tive to the longitudinal center plane normally extending
relative to the ski surface and are converging in direction to
the top surface layer and which extend in longitudinal
direction of the ski, a plurality of elements of differing
hardness and/or bending elasticity being arranged in transverse
direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the ski. In
such a construction, any bending of the ski does not result
in a load destroying the glueing seam but in a shearing load
acting on the glued area, thus providing the possibility to
counteract high bending torques without the risk of fracture.
The selected type of connection furthermore provides the
possibility to give the ski a high degree of permanent
deformation without thereby influencing the risk of fracture.
Qn account o~ elements o~ incllned orlentatton and o~ parallelo-
1;~80~34
- 3 -
gram-shaped cross section, which elements have differing
hardness and/or bending elasticity, being provided, any
bending deformaiion can more easily he absorbed by the more
elastic or, respectively, softer element without subjecting
as a whole the connection between the elements to overload.
In contrast to elements having rectangular cross section and
being arranged in upright position, any bending stress results
there in an increase of the surface pressure between adjacent
elements, so that a high strength can be obtained with the
1~ possibility to arbitrarily select the flexibility within
broad limits. It is possible to use substantially the same
constructional materials as are generally used in ski manu-
facture, and by using different adhesives or glues, respective-
ly, the ~trength or bending characteristics, respectlvely, can
substantially be influenced. In comparison with elements of
upright arrangement, a greater contacting surface of adjacent
elements is, based on equal constructional height, provided by
the inclined elements of parallelogram-shaped cross section, so
that the reliability o the firmness of the glueing connection
is further favourized. On account of the elements of parallelo-
gram-shaped cross section being arranged such that they con-
verge in direction to the top surface~ there results an in~
crease of the surface pressure between the elements on
occasion of any bending under load during skling, so that a
progressive spring characteristic can be achieved in case of
bending.
The inventive construction can with particular advanta~e
1~80~4
-- 4
be used in connection with skis having their lateral cheeks
arranged relative to the running surface at an angle differing
from gO. Such skis have the advanta~e of particularly favour-
able runnning properties,in particular of distinct improvements
when skiing along curved pathes. In this case, the elements
are advantageously arranged at an angle of 10 to 40 relative
to the longitudinal center plane and are glued one with the
other at the contacting surfaces. The bending elasticity can
equally be influenced by selecting the number of elements
inclined in one direction relative to the longitudinal center
plane as compared with the number of elements inclined in the
opposite direction. In an advantayeous manner, the arrangement
is, however, such that the numb~r o~ elements arranged with
opposite inclination one relative to the other is e~ual at
both sides o~ the longitudinal center plane. In each case,
any tendency of expansion of the core or the intermediate
layer, respectively, is counteracted, the bending stress
resulting, beside an increase of the surface compression, at
most in a shearing stress of the adhesive seam or, respectiye-
ly,glue seam, which shearing stress can easily be absorbed onaccount of the greater contacting surface.
A particularly high elasticity in connection with a high
resistance against fracture results if the arrangement is
such that, as seen in direction transverse to the longitudinal
axis of the ski, there is alternately connected an element of
a matexial of greater hardness and/or bendin~ stiffness with
-' an element of a softer,and/or moxe elastic materiai, In this
~280134
-- 5
manner, the load is absorbed under a condition as equally
distributed over the whole cross section of the individual
layer and any risk of local overload is avoided.
The lateral cheeks can in usual manner be formed of
synthetic plastics material, for example of phenolic resin.
For improving the strength properties and the carrying capaci-
ty for mechanical pressure of the lateral cheeks, the elements
located adjacent the lateral cheek can be formed of a
material of greater hardness.
Connection of the lateral cheeks with the elements
located adjacent said lateral cheeks is advantageously effected
by means of an elastic adhesive seam. In this manner, the inter-
mediate layer is better protected against becoming mechanically
damaged.
The flexibility behavior can be improved by interconnecting
the elements one with the other in a shear-elastic manner. In
this case, there can advantageously be used also intermediate
elements having a higher compressibility in transverse
direction to the longitudinal direction of the ski. Such
elements of higher compressibility can like other elements be
given a different width, in particular a smaller width
as compared with that of the harder elements. By selecting a
corresponding number of elements, the arrangement can, for
obtaining a soft core, advantageously be such that in proxi~ity
of the longitudinal center plane there are arranged tWo ele-
ments , preferably of a softer and/or more elastic material,
with opposite inclination relative to the longitudinal center
1~80134
-- 6
plane for forming a core of substantially triangular contour.
If the elements located adjacent the lateral cheeks are designed
as hard elements, there results at both sides of the longitudi-
nal center plane an even number of elements, so that there
remain in the central area two softer elements each. The core
of substantially triangular contour can, in such a construction,
remain hollow but can also be filled with a mass of synthetic
plastics material, in particular with polyurethane or an
adhesive.
~0 In case of lateral cheeks being inclined relative to the
longitudinal center plane of the ski, the inclination of the
elements can in a particularly simple manner be selected to
extend in parallel relation to the inclination of the lateral
cheeks of the ski.
~ further possibility for influencing the bending pro-
perties consists in selecting different inclinations of indi-
vidual sections within the intermediate layer. However~ the
arrangement is in an advantageous manner such that the incli-
nation of the elements is equal but opposite at both sides
of the longitudinal center plane. In such an arrangement,
there is again obtained uniform absorbance of the bending
stress over the whole cross section and over the total width
of the intermediate layer.
The individual elements may consist of different types
of wood or synthetic plastics material, in particular of ~yn-
thetic plastics material being reinforced in different manner.
The arran~ement according to the invention can also be
```"
lZ80~34
-- 7 --
used in connection with skis having a usual core, noting that
in this case only some of the elements located adjacent the
lateral cheeks are arranged, whereas the core itself is
manufactured in usual and common manner. The core located
S between elements being oppositely inclined one relative to
the other can have a substantially rectangular or trapezoidal
cross section. In particular, such a core can also be formed
of upright elements of rectangular cross section, noting that
the risk of a lateral expansion on occasion of bending stress
is avoided on account of the increase of the compression by
the outwardly arranged elements of mutual opposite inclination.
In addition, the core itself can, for increasing its strength
properties, be de~igned in a manner known per se as a torsion
box.
Brief Descri~tion of the Drawin~
In the following, the invention is further explained
with reference to embodiments shown in the drawing.
In the drawing
Figure 1 shows a cross section through a first embodiment
of a ski according to the invention and
Figure 2 shows an analogous cross section through a modi-
fied embodiment.
Detailed Descriptions of the Preferred Embodiments
In Figure 1, there is shown a ski 1. The ski 1 has a
running surface 2 comprising a suitable layer.Ridges,,3 ,are pro-
vided at the lateral edges of the ski. The top surface layer
of the ski is designated by 4. An attenuatin~ layer 6 is
1~801~34
- 8 -
advantageously provided between the running surface 2 and
the intermediate layer 5. On account of the ridges being
embedded into the material of the ski, the cavity most fre-
quently formed is filled with a further layer, in particular
of aluminium or of a glass fibre laminate. This layer is
designated by 7.
The intermediate layer 5 consists of individual elements
8 and 9 of parallelogram-shaped cross section, noting that
the elements being designated by 8 are formed of a harder
material than the elements designated by 9. As a whole, an
even number of such elements is stacked at both sides of the
longitudinal center plane 10, so that two elements 9 of
softer material contact one another in the central area for
orming a softer core. In this case, the harder elements 8
are located adjacent the lateral cheeks 11, which are in
usual manner formed of a phenolic resin. The elements arranged
at both sides of the longitudinal center plane 10 are oppositely
inclined one relative to the other. The angle included by these
elements with the longitudinal center plane 10 is approximately
30. The elements converge in direction to the top surface
layer 4, noting that in the representation according to Figure 1
there is provided between the intermediate layer 5 and the
top surface layer 4 still a further layer 12 formed of a
glass ~ibre laminate or of aluminium.
The embodiment according to ~igure 2 differs from the
embodiment accordin~ to Figure 1 by the additional provision
of a separate core 13. The core 13 consists of a plurality of
1280~34
g
elements 14 of rectangular cross section which are combined
by wrapping to form a torsion box 15. Also in this embodiment,
any bending counteracts any tendency of lateral expansion,
noting that the forces become effective as compression forces
directed to the longitudinal center plane 10 of the ski.
