Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~8951~
SYSTEM OF IONIZED O~YGEN ALLOTROPE GAS WATER
PURIFICATION AND METUOD AND APPARATUS TUEREFOR
This application is reiated to Canadian Patent
No. 1,178,554 of November 27, 1984.
This invention relates to a system of ionized
oxygen allotrope gas water purification and method and
apparatus therefor, and more particularly, a system of, and
a method and apparatus therefor that generates multiple
(multivalent) oxygen ion charged forms for treated water,
as for detoxification and general purification purposes, in
which the treating agent employed is atmospheric oxygen in
the ambient air. More specifically, a basic feature of the
invention is to continuously draw an ambient air flow into
the system and process same, to concurrently energy
transform and ionize the atmospheric oxygen therein to form
stable and highly energized multivalent oxygen allotrope
<~ d n r~-t
C ions in oxident gaseous form that are conveyed to and
continuously applied to the water being treated by
interspersing the air flow involved therein, for
elimination by oxidation and/or flocculation of the
contaminants and other undesirable materials contained in
same, by the oxygen allotrope ions; with the remaining
components of the air returning harmlessly to the
atmosphere.
Aside from water purification systems of the
filtration and/or integrated ion exchange membrane process
lcm/MLS
395~
type, the vast majority of water purification technology
utilized at the present time is concerned with a broad
application spectrum of a wide variety of chemical additive type
water treatment processes (a number of which involve oxidizing
or descaling agents, as distinguished from oxygen or its
allotropes, and all of which agents are not available from the
ambient air or natural locale of the water to be treated).
Traditional chemical
la
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951~L
treatment of water has involved a wide variety of industrially
formulated chemical substances for disinfection, descaling,
detoxification, sterilization, flocculation, oranticoagulation
applications or purposes. Purification chemicals commonly may
take any one of the three physical states, solids, liquids or
gases, and range from complex chemical formulations to highly
active elemental substances, such as the halogens. These
various chemical compounds or substances for water purification
purposes have dramatic chemical structural differences one from
another, depending on whether they are categorized, as, for
instance, biocides, algicides, fungicides, scale inhibitors,
descalers, demulsifiers, coagulants, coalescing agents,
flocculants, de-toxicants, surfactants, disinfectants, etc.
The material of each such category is also subdivided into
several sub-groups with regard to individual chemical strength
and reactive oxidizing potentials per solubility limits for
chemical water saturation.
In any event, the basic inherent problems associated
with water treatment using formulated chemicals has been
historically one of "too little or too much" or synergistic
inter-reactions that produce new chemical compounds that are
corrosive or dangerous. Further, the solubility and reactivity
of the chemical additive often changes with water temperature
changes; reactivity may be further affected by minor water
chemistry natural shifts in acidity-alkalinity values as well
as by chemical additive neutralization interaction with other
foreign contaminant chemical substances.
Furthermore, it is all too common place that the
chemical treatment additive prescribed for a particular pro~lem
will have an adverse reaction and be incompatible with other
chemical treatment additives or even some of the contaminants
in the water system, resulting in no real benefit and often
having some deleterious effect on water quality, as well as
bringing the possibility of adversely affecting the health of
the users of the water.
C LCM:jj 2
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It is well recognized that the treatment of water
wlth chemicals for purification and related purposes, while
widely employed for this purpose in quite a number of different
applications, is well known to be an inexact science, with
the chemicals themselves often being questioned as the possible
source of health problems, such as the causing of cancer, and
the like.
On the other hand, water treatment systems that do
not involve the addition or use of chemicals as such, but rather
employ gaseous ozone obtained from the ambient air, which are of
the so-called non-chemical type, have experienced only modest
success and acceptance. While the injection of gaseous ozone
in neutral molecular form into public drinking water supplies for
the purpose of disinfection and purification has been an acceptable
practice in Europe since the turn of the Century, and on account
of the recognized oxidizing activity of neutral ozone gas, increas-
ing number of applications of it have been made, wider use for all
applications has been prevented because of the expense of ozone
production, particularly in large volumes. Conventionally large
volume ozone gas production is accomplished by employing expensive
high voltage electric discharge equipment, such as 10,000 volt
corona discharge generators, in which atmospheric oxygen is
converted into neutral ozone gas molecules within an intense
electrical discharge eIectromagnetic arc zone. Corona generators
are known to have excessive power consumption requirements;
further, the maintenance requirements of this type of equipment
are excessive in that constant repair service is required on
the anode-cathode electrodes along with constant servicing of
cl ~ s, c ~ ~. t ~ r! ~
the dehumidifying air dryer and ~i-~a~ units. Also,
large municipal and industrial ozone systems require additional
costly cooling tower equipment to relieve generated heat. While
small wall hung type corona discharge ozone generating devices
have been available since about 1950, their known technical
limitations represent real safety concerns due to the relatively
high voltage requirements for the generator and the close
proximity to the water that is required for the generator.
Even in the smaller corona units, high maintenance requirements
for the electrode and air drying modules are a continuuing problem.
Nevertheless, as neutral ozone is known to be a strong
and rapid oxidizing agent, its consideration for use in purifi-
cation of municipal water supplies of water has continued.
Neutral ozone, however, for rapid purification purposes, requires
the delivery of large quantities of the gas for application to
the water supply, which, of course, involves large capital
expenditures. ~hile the long popular water treating chemical
chlorine is now suspected by some knowledgeable authorities
as being a contributing chemical source of cancer, neutral
ozone gas is simply oxygen in allotrope form and is known to
be completely safe in drinking water, and consequently non
chemical gaseous "modified" ozone treatment as generated ionized
oxygen allotrope gas in multivalent ion charge forms has
commended itself to the Applicants as being worthy of full de-
velopment and perfection to replace the problem fraught
formulated chemical additive approach.
A principal object of the present invention is to provide
an ambient air source oxidizing and/or flocculating agent provid-
ing a system of water purification and method and apparatus there-
for utilizing as the treatment agent atmospheric oxygen that may
51~
be obtained from the ambient air, simply treated
by inexpensive energy efficient equipment and procedures
that induce an ambient air inflow into the system
and transform the atmospheric oxygen of such air
flow into ionized oxygen (multivalent oxygen ion)
allotropes of high energy content, as distinguished
from neutral ozone, and which supplies the air flow,
including the ionized oxygen allotropes in oxidant
multivalent oxygen ion gas form, to the water, and
on a constant application basis and in the quantities
needed to effect beneficial oxidant multivalent oxygen
ion treatment of the water by the ionized oxygen
allotropes for all purposes that can be achieved
using traditional formulated chemical treatment approaches,
including removal of contaminants and other foreign
materials.
Another important object of the invention
is to provide a simple low cost, highly efficient
ionized oxygen allotrope, or oxidant multivalent
oxygen ion gas generator and method of generating
ionized oxygen allotrope in gaseous form, which uses
ambient air as the raw material for the generator,
which has no need for formulated chemicals and has
dramatically low power requirements while providing
the needed capacity on a continual operating basis
for large scale water treatment purposes.
Still another important object of the invention
is to provide a system of water trea~ment for purification
sd/ _5_
~95~
and related purposes, and method and apparatus therefor,
in which the real potential of oxidizing multivalent
oxygen ion allotropes for this purpose is achieved
while at the same time providing water treatment
alternatives to traditional chemical purification
systems that avoid the practical problems presented
by the presence of chemical additives in water, whether
the chemical be one of the halogens, such as chlorine,
or otherwise.
sd/ -5a-
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Still another important object of the invention is to
provide a system of water treatment for purification and method
and apparatus therefor that is readily adapted for serving a
wide variety of industrial and commercial water purification
and f iltration enhancement purposes, in addition to purification
and sterlization of drinking water, as for instance recycle
filtration treatment and recovery of Dairy waste~ater~descaling
of boiler and cooling tower heat exchange recirculating water
systems, bacteria and fungus disinfection of industrial machine
tool coolant waters, decontamination and/or agglomeration of
solids in industrial water filtration process systems, decontami-
nation of toxic organics from industrial process waters and
some oils, disinfection and purification of hot tub spa and
swimming pool water, and disinfection and purfication of ground
water and rain run off water for human intake purposes.
Yet further objects of the invention are to provide
simplified methods and equipment for water treatment purposes
whereby the multivalent oxygen ion allotrope gas acts as the
sole water treating agent, and is drawn as part of an ambient
air flow from the ambient atmosphere and is interspersed into
the water by simplified equipment that is inexpensive to manu-
facture and install, easily operated by even the most inex-
perienced persons, and that is long lived and effective in use
for a wide variety of purposes.
In accordance with the invention, a system of ionized
oxygen allotrope gas water purification is provided which
involves two basic pieces of equipment, namely a generator for
transforming atmospheric oxygen contained in an ambient air
1~ !39S~
inflow into multivalent oxygen ion allotropes, in gaseous form,
and a gas diffuser to which such air inflow that includes the
oxygen allotropes in gaseous multivalent ionized forms (which
air flow is hereinafter sometimes referred to as "multivalent
oxidant ion gas", or more simply "oxidant gas") is supplied and
diffused into the water or other liquid to be purified for
bringing the oxygen multivalent allotrope ions of the oxidant
gas stream into dispersed oxidation and/or flocculation contact
with undesirable impurities and contaminants. The generator is
in the form of a housing defining a fluid flow cllamber formed
by a non-magnetic material that defines an ambient air flow way
or path having an oxygen allotrope forming site through which
the ambient air is passed for nurposes of transforming the
atmospheric oxygen thereof to highly energized or activated
oxygen ion allotrope gas in ion atmospheric form, to the exclusion
of ~v~ any significant e~fect on atmospheric nitrogen and
other components of the ambient air intake of the generator.
The generator oxygen transforming converting site in-
cludes both permanent magnetic flux disposing and oxygen photo-
lysis activation radiant energy emitting devices that operate
in an intermeshed manner to concurrently transform atmospheric
oxygen, which is ~nown to be highly paramagnetic in character,
into oxidizing and/or flocculating oxygen ion allotropes that
are both stable and multiple ionized in character. The inven-
tion contemplates that at the ionized oxygen allotrope forming
site, the magnetic flux is in the form of multi-polar permanent
magnet induced, multiple magnetic flux fields, of which the
magnetic lines of force involved are disposed within and inter-
~2895~
lace the ambient air flow path defined by the generator. Inthe originally designed form, the magnetic arrangement is
characterized by being in the form of spaced rows of
alternatively polar rod type permanent magnet type, flux field
forming magnetic structures disposed to place the flux in flux
attracting relation longitudinally and crosswise of the magnet
entity forming rows, and an elongate ultraviolet wave length
activation energy electronvolt emission source, in the form of
a low pressure (low energy requirement) mercury vapor photolysis
lamp, disposed in the ambient air flow path and relative to the
magnetic flux fields so that photolysis lamp electronvolt
emissions envelop the flux of the air flow way or path. The
ambient air flow way defined by the generator has an ambient air
inlet upstream of the generator oxygen converting site, and an
outlet downstream of such site: the generator at the indicated
conversion site forms a corridor of the indicated alternate
polarity permanent magnet force fields that are inundated by the
indicated electronvolt energy emissions through which the air
passing through the generator moves. At such oxygen
transforming site, the atmospheric oxygen is transformed into
high energy level oxygen allotrope ions by a composite action
on the oxygen in which the atmospheric oxygen molecules are
magnetically deflected, retained, and concentrated toward and
impact against the multiple lines of the permanent magnetic
flux fields involved, while at the same time such reacting
oxygen molecules are being subjected to photons of electronvolt
bombardment by low pressure
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9~
mercury lamp photolysis ionizing energy emissions involved,
whereby the atmospheric oxygen is transformed into stable and
highly energized and reactive oxygen allotrope gas in
multivalent ionized forms believed to comprise modified resonant
ion ozone forms and negatively charged singlet molecular oxygen
ions as distinguished from neutral ozone. The remainder of the
air passing through the generator site in question is unaffected
including atmospheric nitrogen.
The air containing the thus transformed atmospheric
oxygen now multivalent ionized oxygen allotropes of the type
indicated, is passed as the aforementioned oxidant gas from the
generator to the location of the water to be treated, using
suitable conduits where the gaseous flow involved is
interspersed into the water, preferably by way of diffusion or
other similar techniques. The application to the water may be
ordinarily by way of insertion of the oxidant gas in a water
conduit or pipe which conveys the water, for instance, from a
suitable filter back to the main body of water, whereby after
a period of time of continuous operation, the multivalent oxygen
ion gas involved reaches a stage of complete interspersion in
the water being treated. Water being dipolar in nature, the
water present~ a naturally occurring magnetic and
electrochemical attraction to the multivalent ion oxidant gases
dissolved therein, as represented by the indicated oxygen
allotropes in ionic form, and this natural attraction results
in the highest levels of the multivalent oxygenion allotropes
involved being held in saturation in the water regardless of
ambient temperature and pressure changes. The natural chemical
opposite electrical charge attraction of
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~assll
the oxygen multivalent allotrope ions to the contaminants
contained within the water and their oxidation and/or
flocculation thereby, is stronger than the electrical charge
attraction of such ions to the molecular water involved, with
the result that ideal water treatment, such as, purification,
descaling, filtration enhancement, etc. is promptly achieved
even though the flow and diffusion rates of the air flow into
the water are at relatively low volume per unit of time rates.
In this connection the term "multivalent oxygen
allotrope ions" as employed herein means ambient air origin
oxygen that is transformed by the practice of this invention
into oxygen allotrope ions that collectively possess higher
levels of magnetic energy reactivity, as compared to ambient
atmospheric oxygen, and possess either (1) a single negative
electrical charge, or (2) a double negative electrical charge,
and/or (3) a slightly positive and a slightly negative charge,
and/or (4) a positive electrical charge; however, it is believed
that the charge of the oxygen allotrope ions generated by the
practice of the invention provides primarily the single negative
charge oxygen allotrope ions and/or the double negative charge
oxygen allotrope ions, which are known scientifically as singlet
molecular oxygen ions.
Other objects, uses, and advantages will be obvious or
become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed
description and the application drawings in which like reference
numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views.
In the drawings:
Figure 1 is a flow diagram illustrating the basic
aspects of the system of the instant application;
Figure 2 is a fragmental view in perspective
diagrammatically illustrating the nature of the special multiple
permanent magnetic flux field-photolysis ionizing radiant
energy, atmospheric oxygen transforming arrangement, that is at
the atmospheric oxygen transforming site of the generator, the
showing of Figure 2 diagrammatically illustrating the entry end
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~i~8951'1
of atmospheric oxygen transforming air flow way or corridor of
the specific generator embodiment of Figures 3 - 8;
Figure 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of one
generator embodiment of the invention that is arranged specifically
for industrial water treatment applications, with the front
cover partially broken auay;
Figure 4 is a side elevational view of the generator
of Figure 3, taken from the right hand side of Figure 3;
Figure 5 is a diagrammatic front elevational view of
the generator shown in Figures 3 and 4, with parts shown in
section or in phantom, and with the generator shown connected
to a diagrammatically illustrated multivalent oxygen ion gas
infusion device for interspersing the oxidant gases produced by
the Applicant's system in water to be treated;
Figure 6 is a diagrammatic exploded sectional view of
the generator shown in Figure 5;
Figure 7 is a component elevational view taken sub~
stantially along line 7--7 of Figure ~, illustrating the
ambient air intake end of the generator of Figures 5 and 6;
Figure 7A is a fragmental sectional view, on an en-
larged scale, illustrating a recycling air flow con_rol device
incorporated in the recycling conduiting of Figure 5;
Figure 8 is a fra~ental view taken substantially
along line 8--8 of Figure 6, illustrating in plan one of the
removable electrode asse~blies that are employed in the em-
bodiment of Figures 2 - 6 as part of the photolysis device;
Figure 9 is a diagral~matic perspective view illu~-
trating a smaller capacity generator suitable for commercial
39511
non manufacturing applications, such as for treating the water
of swimming pools, spas and drinking water installations, with
the front panel of the generator and the ?ermanent magnetic rod
devices associated with same being shown displaced to expose
the interior of the generator;
Figure 10 is a fragmental sectional view through the
generator cabinet of the embodiment of Figure 9, illustrating
the manner in which the photolysis lamp is applied to same;
Figure 11 is a perspective view of yet a smaller
capacity generator that is especially suited for use in connec-
tion with home water facilities, such as home swimming pools,
hot baths, home owners water purification systems, and the
like;
Figure 12 is a view of the embodiment of Figure 11
shown in the same manner as Figure 6, for illustrative purposes;
Figure 13 is a bottom plan view of the generator of
Figures 11 and 12;
Figure 14 is a perspectivew view of a preferred
generator arrangement, taken from the front side of same;
Figure 15 is an enlarged perspective view of the
generator of Figure 14, with the cabinet cover displaced to
show the interior of the cabinet, and the cabinet cover shown
swung 180 degrees from its position of Figure 14 to show the
back side of same and associated parts;
Figure 16 is a fragmental plan view on an enlarged
scale illustrating the permanent magnet assembly at the lower
right hand corner of the cabinet of Figures 14 and 15;
5~
Figure 17 is an elevational view of the preferred
generator as shown in Figure 1~, taken from the front side of
same and with the cabinet cover omitted, and illustrating
several important operational aspects of same;
Figure 18 is a fragmental exploded perspective view
of the dual magnet arrangement that is involved in the magnet
assemblies employed in the generator of Figures 14 - 17;
Figure l~A is a plan view of a modified form of
permanent magnet in accordance with the invention;
Figure 19 is a view similar to that of Figure 2,
illustrating the nature of the multiple permanent magnet flux
field photolysis ionizing radient energy, atmospheric oxygen
transforming arrangement of the generator of Figures 14 - 18; and
Figure 20 is a schematic diagram illustrating the
reactions Applicants believe at this time occur during the
operation of their hereindisclosed atmospheric oxygen trans-
forming generators.
However, it is to be distinctly understood that the
specific drawing illustrations provided are supplied primarily
to comply with the requirements of the Patent Laws, and that
the invention is susceptible of modifications and variations
that will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and which are
intended to be covered by the appended claims.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
As already indicated, the present invention is directed
to a basic approach in water treatment or processing and
filtration enhancement for disinfection, descaling, detoxi-
fication, ourification, filtration enhancement and related
purposes, in which the acting agent involved is oxygen allotropes
in multivalent ionized forms, and which are obtained by cycling
ambient air through the system generator and conduiting the
resultant multivalent oxidant gas and the remainder of ambient
13.
~3951~
air involved into interspersed relation within the water to be
treated, whereby atmospheric oxygen, to the exclusion of atmospheric
nitrogen and other components of the air, is transformed into
the multivalent oxygen ion gas that serves as the oxidizing
and/or flocculating agent in accordance with the invention.
Referring first to Figure 1, the flow diagram diagram-
matically illustrates the general nature of the Applicants'
processing apparatus and system, pursuant to which an atmospheric
oxygen transforming generator is provided that is in the
nzture of an oxygen allotrope forming and ionizing magnetic
reactor and concentration cell, through which ar.~ient air is
passed, with the generator defining a gas flow path or corridor
having an atmospheric oxygen allotrope forming and ionizing
site equipped as diagrammatically illustrated, for instance, in
Figures 2 and 19, whlch energy activates only the atmospheric
oxygen, to the exclusion of atmospheric nitrogen and the other
miscellaneous components of the air, which pass through the
generator generally unaffected. The ambient air flow involved
leaves the generator as a multivalent oxygen ion gas flow and
is passed through suitable conduiting or piping to be dissolved
into the water to be treated; the oxidant gas flow involved
contains the highly energy charged or energy activated oxygen
multivalent allotrope ions in concentrated gaseous form and
mixed with the other air components involved, and in the applica-
tion of the gases to the water, the gases are interspersed and
diffused into the water, as by employing gas diffusion or
injecting devices of the type hereinafter disclosed. The
indicated gas diffusion or injection preferably is into a
13A.
~39511
strea~ of the water as lt is being circulated or recirculated
in a continuous flow through a conduit which brings tne water
to the main body of water to be treated. The atrnospheric
nitrogen and other components of the arnbient air flow involved,
which are unaffected by the system generator, are harmlessly
interspersed in the water and return to the atmosphere, while
the oxygen allotrope ions provided by the system chemically and
magnetically see]; out the water molecules adjacent same and
oxidize and/or flocculate contaminants and other undesirable
materials associated with same, to reduce hydrogen bonding
surface tension of same, enhance agglomeration and settling out
of colloidal solids from sarne, disinfect and decontaminate
same, enhance the filtration of same, and stabilize and buffer
pH factors of same.
Diagrammatic Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 generally illus-
trate the basic components of an apparatus 10 arranged for in-
dustrial or manufacturing application use, which includes
generator 12 comprising elongate reactor cell 13 mounted in
cabinet 14 (see Figures 3 and 4) on which cabinet 14 is also
mounted, in self contained apparatus 10, suitable electrically
operated drive motor unit 16 that drives air compressor 18,
which in tAe embodiment of Figures 2 - 6 draws into the generator
cell 13 from the ambient air an ambient air flow that contains
the atmospheric oxygen with whicn the invention system operates,
and supplies the transformed atmospheric oxygen and accompanying
air through a suitable diagrammatically illustrated conduiting
20 to diagrammatically illustrated gas dispersing device 22
for diffusing the oxidant gas involved into the passing water
that leads to the main body of water to be treated, which may,
for example, be an industrial machine tool coolant system, or
the like.
13B.
1~9~11
As indicated in Figures 5 and 6, the atmospheric oxygen
processing cell 13 of this embodiment of the invention generally
comprises a housing or casing 30 defining a gas flow chamber
32, with the housing 30 being formed from a suitable non-
metallic material, such as a polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In the
embodiment of Figures 2 - 8, the housing or casing 30 is of
cylindrical configuration, but in any event the housing 30 is
to define the basic reaction cell 13 of the generator and
defines, in forming chamber 32, gas flow way 36 having an air
inlet indicated at 38, a gas flow or outlet for the treated
air, indicated at 40, the latter being suitably connected to
compressor 18 by suitable conduit 42.
Compressor 18 may be of any suitable type, that illustrate~
being a closed chamber diaphragm type compressor, rated for
sixty psi output, that is commercially available, as from Gast
Mfg. Corp., of Benton Harbor, Michigan, with the motor drive
unit 16 being suitably affixed to cabinet 14, as by screw
mounting or the like, and including a conventional electric
motor and associated gear reducer, etc., as needed to mount
and continuously drive compressor 18, and in the embodiment of
Figures 2 - 8, to provide a gas discharge into conduiting 20
at suitable pressure, depending on the application, as for
instance thirty-forty psi. Where the plant or other facility
at which apparatus 10 is to be employed has its own built in
compressed air supplying conduiting system and source, as many
industrial plants do, the cell 13 at the way inlet 38 is
suitably connected thereto through a suitable pressure flow
rate control valve device of any conventional type, such as a
needle valve, to provide the air intake flow pressure rate
14.
~39~1~
that results in an oxidant gas discharge flow at outlet 40
in the pressure range indicated; the compressor 18 and its
drive unit 16 for such embodiments may be omitted.
The cell 13 along the gas flow way 36 is equipped
to define the atmospheric oxygen transforming site 44, which
is diagrammatically illustrated in the partial showing of
Figure 2, and which from the standpoint of fundamentals
comprises spa-ed permanent magnet rod devices 46 of a special
nature suitably secured with respect to the housing 30. The
magnet rod devices 46 each comprise rodlike tubular cylinders
or casings 48 each containing a series of permanently magnetized
short rod type magnets 50, with the magnets 50 of each
casing 48 being longitudinally aligned and in alternating
polar relation, and with adjacent magnets 50 being separated
by stainless steel slugs or short bars 52 of the same diameter
as magnets 50. Magnets 50 in a preferred form are either of
the ceramic type at a residual induction strength of 3,000
Gauss, or of the intermediate alloy type (Samarium Cobalt)
at a residual induction strength of 9,000 Gauss, and cylinders
or casings 46 are formed from either stainless steel or
schedule 40 PVC (the latter is preferred). At the opposite
ends of the casings 46, a stainless steel slug 54 completes
the filling of the casing, with ends 56 of the casings 46
being suitably bonded in place to close casings 46, as
suggested in Figure 6 (welded if stainless steel, cemented
with PVC glue if PVC).
The cabinet 14 in which the casing 30 is mounted
t~
is a standard e~eer~rh~l-cabinet with removable cover 15,
both made from PVC or the like, and offered commercially by
Hoffman Engineering Corporation, a Division of Frederal
Cartridge Corporation, of Anoka, Minnesota. Magnets 50 are
~395~
either the ceramic magnet product or the intermediate alloy
magnet product commercially available from Indiana General,
a division of Electronic Memories and Magnetics Corporation,
Valparaiso, Indiana. Cover 15 is removably secured in place
on cabinet 14 by appropriate screws 53 applied to the respective
cabinet walls.
In the specific embodiment of Figures 2 - 6, the housing
or casing 30 and rod devices 46 are mounted in place in
generator 12, by applying them through cabinet 14, with the
rod devices 46 being externally of casing 30 and positionally
located in the four equally spaced (circumferentially)
positions indicated in Figures 2 - 6, about casing 30.
Further,~the rod devices 46 of apparatus 10 are oriented
such that alternate rod devices 46 are oppositely disposed
along the length of the chamber 32, as diagrammatically
indicated in Figure 2. Thus, two of the diametrically
opposed rod devices 46 have the north poles of their magnets
at the top of the magnets 50, while the other two diametrically
opposed rod devices 46 have their south poles at the top of
the magnets 50, in the embodiment of Figures 2 - 8.
In the generator 12, the housing or casing 30 and rod
devices 46 are applied to cabinet 14 by the cabinet upper
and lower walls 55 and 57 being apertured as at 59, to
receive them in substantially complemental fit relation
thereto, with the housing or casing 30 being suitably anchored
to the cabinet 14, as by employing anchoring upper and lower
keying screws 69 inserted into casing 30 adjacent the top
and bottom of cabinet 14 (see Figure 4), or by being bonded
using suitable PVC glue or the like. Rod devices 46 are
lodged against the casing side wall 63 and between the
enlarged ends 65 and 67 of same, in the generator 12, as
clearly shown in Figures 3 and 4, but also may be fixed in
place using right angle end brackets or pipe mounting clips
and fastening hardware.
Disposed along the way 36, and extending longitudinally
of the chamber 32, is the oxygen photolysis device 60 that
is in the form of a suitable ionizing electron volt radiant
energy emitting lamp 61 designed to emit ultraviolet wave
length energy of the nanometer light wave length that insures
proper ionization and electronvolt activation of the atmospheric
oxygen that is passed through chamber 36. In a preferred
embodiment of the invention adapted for industrial applications
the lamp 61 is a 40 watt mercury vapor lamp of a commercially
available type, such as lamp Model No. G37T6VH 40 watt lamp
available from Westinghouse Electric Corporation, which is
powered by a suitable conventionally arranged power supply
device diagrammatically illustrated at 62 (in block diagram
form, see Figure 6), which includes a suitable starter and a
ballast transformer and is suitably mounted in the housing
cabinet 14 a suitable ballast is No. 843-SL-TCP, offered by
~niversal Electric Company of Chicago, Illinois, or ballast
Model No. SM-140-STP, offered by Advanced Transformer Company
of Chicago, Illinois, which device 62 may be electrically
arranged in accordance with conventional starter and ballast
practices, with the ballast being properly matched with the
wattage of lamps of the type represented by lamp 61, and
provided with suitable plug 64 for connection of electrical
energy supply conduiting 19 to the usually available 115
volt AC electrical energy source or its equivalent. Cabinet
14 suitably mounts conventional off-on switch 17 with which
motor 16 is suitable connected in parallel with the circuiting
indicated in Figure 6, for suitable manual off-on control of
apparatus 10. Where the air supply to generator 12
17.
39S~
is from the plant built in compressed air system, the air supply
to cell 13 is controlled and set manually by adjusting the
aforementioned needle valve.
In the generator 12, the lamp 61 illustrated as offered
commercially includes electrodes 66 and 68 at the respective
ends of same, which in the form illustrated respectively seat
in helical spring type stainless steel electrode contacts 70 and
72, respectively, which are suitably mounted on removable
mounting blocks 74 and 76 (see Figures 5 and 6), respectively,
by centrally located screw and nut assemblies 75 that are formed
from stainless steel and also serve as electrical conductors
between the respective springs 70 and 72 and the lead wires 77
and 79 for lamp 61 that are suitably connected to ballast device
62 (see Figure 6). Each mounting block 74, 76 is provided with
a foraminous mounting disc 78, secured in place by employing a
pair of suitable screw type fasteners 80 (see Figure 8).
Coupling members 88 and 90 form the respective ends 65 and 67
of casing 30 and frictionally receive the respective ends 92 and
94 of the casing side wall 63 to seat the respective discs 78
against the coupling member respective shoulders 85 and 87, as
indicated by Figure 5. The casing side wall 63 is of
cylindrical tube configuration and at its end 92 it is suitably
apertured as at 89 for communicating way 36 with conduit 42 in
the assembled relation of housing or casing 30. Couplings 88
and 90 are bonded or cemented in place on casing side wall ends
92 and 94, as by employing a suitable adhesive. Disc 78 is in
the form of stainless wire grid 95 of large mesh size to
accommodate the air flow past mounting block 76 and through way
36 that is contemplated by the present invention,
LCM:jj 18
9~
discs 78 conveniently being made of the same size and being
apertured as at 97 to accommodate the respective fastening
devices 75. Plocks 74 and 76 are preferably removably
connected by fasteners 80 to the respective discs 78 for
forming removable electrode mounting assemblies for lamp 61,
that may be removed from either end of casing 30; removal of
one of the blocks, for instance, block 74, permits ready
replacement of a lamp 61 by employing a suitable gripping
tool applied through aperture 97, for removal and replacement
of same through aperture 97.
The coupling members 88 and 90 threadedly mount the
respective closure caps 96 and 98 that close off the chamber
36, with the cap 98 being ported or apertured as indicated
at 100 (see Figure 7) for ambient air flow therethrough into
chamber 36 on operation of compressor 18 where the generator
12 is to be connected to a plant ported for connection to
conduiting leading from the aforementioned needle valve. A
suitable dust filtering fiber mesh pad 102 is applied between
the cap 98 and mounting block 76, with the unting blocks
74 and 76 being the same in construction and proportion.
Threading of caps 96 and 98 into the respective coupling
members closes off the ends of casing 30, and the respective
cap flanges 99 space same from the respective shoulders 84
and 86 and provide a seal at the casing ends. Lamp 61 is
thus mounted for ready replacement of same as needed by
removing one of the end caps 96 or 98 for that purpose. Rod
devices 46 are lodged between the external shoulders 101 and
103 defined by coupling members 88 and 90. The end couplings
88 and 90, mounting blocks 74 and 76, and end caps 96 and
98, as well as casing side wall 65, are all formed from PVC
for ease of assembly and securement, as well as electrical
insulating characteristics. Pad 102 is preferably of the
fibrous type made up of a mixture of 50% nylon fibers and
50~ polyester fibers, all of 100 denier size. The components
~8951~
of generator 12 that are bonded together thus may be so secured
by employing PVC glue, but other metallic or non metallic
materials may also be employed for forming generator 12,
including stainless steel, aluminum, and other plastics, with
the bonding required being provided by bonding substances
suitable for the materials employed.
In the specific apparatus 10 illustrated in Figure 5,
the conduiting 20 adjacent its inlet 109 includes recycling
conduiting 116 that is connected to chamber 36 where indicated
at 112 (casing side wall 65 being suitably apertured at 113 for
this purpose) for recycling back into the chamber 30 a portion
of the treated air flow therefrom, approximately ten per cent
in a successfully operating embodiment. Conduiting 116 for this
purpose includes control orifice device 114 which is
diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 7A and defines the
passage 115 therethrough that is in part defined by restricted
orifice 115A of orifice disc 118 that may be formed from nylon
or the like. Cabinet 14 has mounting studs 117 (see Figure 4)
fixed in its back wall 119 adjacent its four corners for
20 mounting generator 12 on a suitable vertically disposed mounting
panel or the like, so as to be disposed as indicated in Figures
3 and 4 for operating purposes, using suitable mounting nuts,
etc.
Referring now more particularly to Figure 2, the
showing there provided is for the purpose of diagrammatically
and schematically indicating, for the embodiment of Figures 2-8,
the nature of the way or corridor 36 that ambient atmospheric
air is passed through on operation of the apparatus 10. The
illustration of Figure 2 corresponds to the lower end of the
30 housing or casing 30, with only the magnets and separating and
end slugs of rod devices 46 and the magnetic lines of force
LCM:jj 20
~395~
presented by same, the photolysis lamp 61, and an outline
of the cylinder side wall 65, being illustrated (the latter
in phantom only), and for the purpose of indicating the
peripheral physical confines of the flow way or corridor 36.
of generator 12. As already indicated, the magnetic rod
devices 46 each comprise the rod type permanent magnets 50
contained within the respective~casings 48, with stainless
steel rods or slugs 52, which are thus non-magnetic, separating
the individual magnets S2, and smaller stainless steel end
slugs 54 being disposed at each end of the rod devices 46.
As already indicated, the magnets 50 are mounted within
the respective casings 48 in alternate relation so, that,
lengthwise of the rod devices 46 unlike poles of adjacent
magnets 50 are in magnetic coupling, attraction type, flux
defining relation, longitudinally of the respective rod
devices 46, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figure 2 at
120.
As has also been disclosed, it is preferred that
alternate adjacent rod devices 46 be oppositely oriented,
and for purposes of making clear this feature, in the showing
of Figure 2 one set of alternate rod devices 46 are numbered
46A, and the other set of such alternate rod devices are
designated 46B, from which it will be seen that at the
intake end of the flow way or corridor 36, the magnet rod
devices 46A have the north poles of their magnets 50 at the
lower ends of the individual magnets while as to the rod
devices 46B, the south poles of the individual magnets 50
are at their lower ends. Thus, the magnets 50 of magnet rod
devices 46A have their north poles at their lower ends,
while the magnets 50 of magnet rod devices 46B have their
south poles at their lower ends; the devices 46A and 46B are
accordingly in inverted, oppositely oriented, relation.
1~9511
The rod devices 46, which for any generator 12 may be all
devices 46A, or all devices 46B, are arranged in the alternate
position form of generator 12. With this in mind, it is a
feature of the invention that with the rod devices 46 employed
having a spacing consistent with the objective~ of the
invention, magnetic flux of attraction pattern type will
form crosswise extending magnetic flux patterns 122 between
the adjacent rod devices 46, as diagrammatically illustrated
in Figure 2 for generator 12 that involves devices 46A and
46B, between the north and south poles of parallel, coextensive
magnets 50, of the adjacent devices 46A and 46B. Where only
devices 46A, or only devices 46B are employed in a given
cell 13, the same flux patterns 122 will be present, but
shift a bit askew from substantial normal relation relative
to adjacent devices 46 (since like poles will be at like
ends of the respective magnets 50). Where devices 46A or
devices 46B are oppositely or diagonally opposed across
way 36, it is believed flux patterns 122 will extend between
them al80, at least to a degree.
In this connection, it is pointed out that in the
showing of Figure 2 the flux patterns are only each partially
illustrated to avoid an undue confusion of lines. Flux
fields 120 are oriented 360 degrees about their respective
devices 46, 46A and 46B, and each flux field 120 extends
longitudinally of one aligned adjacent pair of magnetC 50,
with the multipleforce lines thereof extending between the
unlike poles of such pair, as indicated in Figure 2. Flux
fields 122 each comprise lines offorce extending between
unlike poles of adjacent coextensively parallel magnets 50
of adjacent devices 46, 46A and 46B, as indicated in Figure
2, and are of the approximately elonga.ted, flat ellipical
attraction form indicated.
22.
The strength and orientation of the cross magnetic
lines of force of cross magnetic fields 122, in attraction
pattern, will depend on how many rod devices 46 are employed
in a particular unit, the strength of the magnetic fields of
the respective magnets involved, and the spacing of the
respective rod devices 46 from each other. For purposes of
the present invention, it is critical that there be at least
one pair of devices 46A, or one pair of devices 46~, or one
rod device 46A and one rod 46BA (that is, a second rod
device 46 having the opposite polar orientation indicated by
the rod devices 46B relative to rod devices 46A) at diamet-
rically opposed positions at the margin of the flow way or
corridor 36, althouqh rod devices 46 making up devices 46A
and 46BA may be located interiorily or exteriorily of the
chamber 32, assuming the chamber 32 is defined by a suitable
non-magnetic material such as the aforementioned PVC. For
best results, the rods 46A and 46B should have a spacing
that lies in the range of from about two inches to about
eight inches, depending on the physical configuration of the
flow way or corridor 36, which can also be of parallelepiped
configuration, in addition to the generally round or cylindrical
configuration illustrated in the embodiment of Figures 2 -
8. It is preferred, however, that the photolysis lamp 61 be
disposed at the mid portion of the flow path, it being a
further feature of the invention that the ionizing electron
volts energy emanating therefrom, is emitted 360 degrees
thereabout, and is in blanketing or enveloping relation to
the magnetic flux patterns 120 and 122.
In this connection, the ballast and the wattage of the
photolysis lamp 61 employed should be carefully matched in
39511
accordance with standard techniques to produce an electronic
mercury vapor excitation which yields predominantly nanometer
spectral wave length emissions, in the range of from about 170
to about 257, with the preferred ranges being between 170-190
and 253.7-257, which provide the short wave length ultraviolet
electron-volt light energy that maximizes ionization of atmos-
pheric oxygen, and longer wave length infrared emissions that are
believed to impart a reinforcing thermal magnetizing effect on
the resulting ions.
When ambient air flow is induced into and through flow
way or corridor 36, the bulk of the air entering the flow way
or corridor 36 at its intake end 121 is atmospheric oxygen and
nitrogen, atmospheric air containing approximately 80 per cent
nitrogen and 20 per cent oxygen by volume. While ordinary free
nitrogen is recognized as being one of the most non-magnetic
and stable of all atmospheric elements, oxygen is one of the most
paramagnetically active and chemically reactive of atmospheric
elements, although its activity is greatly reduced in atmospheric
form because it is mixed with about four times its volume of
nitrogen. However, oxygen in free atmospheric form (2) has
appreciable paramagnetic characteristics which the Applicants have
found to be a major factor in providing the unique results
achieved by the present invention. In this connection, the Ap-
plicants have found that atmospheric oxygen gas molecules are
significantly more paramagnetic in character than the relatively
inert atmospheric nitrogen molecules, so much to the extent that
atmospheric nitrogen molecules are essentially unaffected by the
presence of intense magnetic fields.
It is a basic feature of the present invention that the
Applicants employ the paramagnetic characteristics of atmos-
pheric oxygen molecules, and the capability of atmospheric
2~.
~139511
oxygen of readily being ionized into modified ozone ion resonance
structures and/or other multivalent oxygen ion allotropes, to
serve as the basis for providing the oxidizing and flocculating
agent that is to be interspersed in the water to be purified.
However, the Applicants have found that their special magnetic
flux field patterning for the generator flow w~ or corridor,
and the inundation of same by ionizing electron-volt ultraviolet
wave length emissions, produces stable but highly energized
multivalent oxygen ion allotropes of electrically charged
resonant ozone ions and singlet molecular oxygen ions (as dis-
tinguished from neutral ozone), which have been proved to be far
more active and effective in achieving non-chemical type water
purification, disinfection, detoxification, descaling, and the
li]ce, than neutral ozone or neutr~l atmospheric oxygen, and
without having to use any supplemental chemicals of any kind.
This discovery thus permits the Applicants' water treatment to
be provided by the active substance being taken from the ambient
atmosphere and applied to the water in question for highly ef-
fective purification and filtration enhancement etc. results
without adversely affecting the water in any way or the conduiting
or containers which guide or contain same.
Referring again to Figure 2, it is to be understood
that on actuation of the apparatus 10, as by moving switch 17
to its circuit closing position (assuming plug 64 is connected
to a suitable source of electrical power), atmospheric air enters
flow way or corridor 36 under the action of compressor 18.
In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 2 - 8, this air flow
is in an annular pattern about the photolysis lamp 61 and is
through the portions of the flux patterns 120 and 122 that are
within the flow way or corridor 36, the latter being, as indicated,
enveloped and hombarded by the radially directed emissions fror,
the photolysis lamp 61.
d 'B ~J S ?~ '1
The relatively inert atmospheric nitrogen content
of this air flow follows the rectilinear or straight dashed
line 130 of Figure 2, which indicates that atmospheric nitrogen
passes directly through tlle generator 12, under the action of
the air flow inducement provided by compressor 13, without being
in any way affected or changed by generator 12. The components
of the ambient air other than atmospheric oxygen follow the
same pattern in the air flow through way 36.
~ lowever, the molecules of atmospheric oxygen, on enter-
ing the flow way or corridor 36, are immediately deflected by
attraction to the multiple magnetic lines of flux involved in
flux patterns 120 and 122, and such molecules being highly
numerous within the air flow, are deflected in multiple random
directions within the flow way, while at the same time they are
bombarded by the photolytic electron-volt radiations emanating
from the photolysis lamp 61. As indicated, the atmospheric
oxygen on leaving flow way or corridor 36 at its outlet end 123
is transformed and ionized to stable but highly energized and
reactive multivalent oxygen ion allotropic structures and appear
to be electrically charged ionized ozone and singlet molecular
oxygen.
It is believed that as the atmospheric oxygen passes
through the flow way or corridor 36 under the inducement of
the air flow involved, the atmospheric oxygen molecules are
deflected, retained, and bounced around by and between the
flux lines of force within tne way or corridor 36, with the
atmospheric molecules apparently having multiple impacts with
each other in the presence of the permanent magnetic flux and the
ultraviolet electron-volt ionizing radiations. It appears
that the atmospheric oxygen molecules themselves by reason
of such impacts within the magnetic fields involved achieve
increases in their vibrational and rotational energy levels
26.
1~39r~L
and absorb magnetic flux energy to reach ligher levels of
paramagnetic energy state. The ultraviolet electron-volt
energy acts on these energized atmospheric oxygen molecules
to provide the electron activation energy requirements that
disassociate or dissolve the naturally occurring atmospheric
oxygen double electron bonds (atmospheric oxygen having a
valence of 2), that releases atomic oxygen, with the free
atomic oxygen making available intense electrical and magnetic
energies within the flow way or corridor 36. The atomic
oxygen appears to reform under the inducement of the ultra-
violet emission energy involved to apparently form hybrid resonant
ozone ions and multivalent singlet molecular oxygen ions that
are stable at much higher energy levels and have been found to
possess oxidizing and/or flocculating activation characteristics,
when interspersed in water, that are much greater than can be
achieved with atmospheric oxygen or neutral ozone. It appears that
the resulting newly formed multivalent oxygen ion allotropes
have a charge center which appears to have an appreciable negative
charge within the higher electron bond structure of the result-
ing ions, as well as the ion generated higher paramagnetic at-
traction capabilities, and are thus successively step up energy
activated by the practice of this invention.
A factor that apparentlv aids in the high energy charging
of the oxygen allotrope ions involved is that the magnetic
flux of way or corridor 36 appears to have a magnetic attraction
effect on such ions, tending to concentrate within way 36 the
oxidant gas involved, to the exclusion of the atmospheric
nitrogen and other air components (other than oxygen) of the air
flow through way 36, thus prolonging the transformation treatment
and "concentrating" time of the atmospheric oxygen molecules
involved within the generator, with added water purification
benefits from the standpoint of increasing reaction and oxidiz-
ing or flocculating potential of the multivalent oxygen ion gas
stream when diffused into contaminated water flow.
~951~
The recycling oxidant gas flow provided by conduiting 110
back to flow way 36 has been found to have a catalytic effect
on the at spheric oxygen transformation within way 36 which
surprisingly increases the aforementioned ionic oxygen allotrope
content of the air discharge at way outlet 123 in the range of
7 - 10 percent.
The air flow containing the transformed atmospheric
oxygen, the unaffected nitrogen, and the remainder of the air
content that has entered at inlet 38, is discharged into
conduiting 20 for conveyance to gas diffusion device 22, and
for the generator 12, the gas discharge will be in the range
of 30 - 40 psi, though this pressure will depend on the
capacity of the compressor 18 (or the pressure of the compressed
air supplied to cell 13 from a plant conventional compressed
air ~ource), the flow rate factors of the gas through flow way
36, and the like that can be suitably adjusted to suit conditions,
and needs of specific application.
A special aspect of the invention is that the presence in
the Applicantst oxidant gas generator 12 of the magnetic flux
fields in the flow way 36 is that the flow way or corridor 36
is made self cleaning for the length of the photolysis lamp
61, as the permanent magnetic flux keeps ambient water, oil,
and dust from adhering to the photolysis lamp 61, thereby
avoiding gradual build up of such depcsits on the lamp and
7'~te Cl/
~`r gradual blocking of the ultraviolet rays e~itting therefrom.
Matter of this type bears a slight charge and otherwise tends
to adhere to the photolysis lamp, lamps of this type producing
their own magnetic field. Thus, even though the Applicants~
generator 12 is intended to operate continuously, its photolysis
28.
39~i11
emission function continues with no decrease and unabated
during the entire period of operation due to the self
cleaning action the Applicants~ magnetic fields have on the
photolysis lamp. The permanent magnet flux fields with
which the photolysis lamp is associated in accordance with
the invention are far stronger than the electro magnetic
field generated by the lamp itself. Atmospheric moisture,
dust, and oil vapor impurities are held in vapor suspension
by the stronger permanent magnetic field and pass through
the generator with no insulating effect on the photolysis
lamp. It is thus a feature of the invention that the magnet
devices 46~ and 46B have a length that makes the magnet
devices at least substantially coextensive with the photo-
lysis lamp they are associated with in a flow way 36.
For purposes of disclosure, diffusion device 22 is
shown incorporated in conduit 150 through which a water
flow that originates from the body of water to be treated
is circulated, and for disclosure purposes conduit 150
may be assumed to represent a water return line of a
machine tool water coolant system conveying the coolant
water from the point of use to the point of storage for
reuse. Diffuser 22 comprises a pair of couplings 152 and
154 receiving in leak free relation thereto the ends 156 and
158 of the conduiting 150 at diffuser 122, as well as the
ends 160 and 162 of diffuser tube 164 that is formed from a
suitable porous material, such as the sandstone tube
product made and sold by Norton Company (Industrial Ceramics
Div.), Worcester, Massachusetts. Sleeve 166 is mounted
between the couplings 152 and 154 in leak free relation
thereto and in spaced relation about tube 164 360 degrees
thereabout to define air pooling chamber 168 into which the
air including the transformed oxygen passes from conduiting
29.
~t39~
20. The air including the transformed oxygen permeates
through the tube 164 and is diffused into the water flowing
through conduiting 150 in small bubble size form, the
pressure of the air within the conduiting 20 being under
higher pressure than the liquid within the conduit 150. A
pressure difference on the order of five pounds per square
inch is normally adequate to serve this diffusing function.
Alternately, the gas flow from conduiting 20 may
be injected into water flow conduiting 150 or its
equivalent utilizing the injectors disclosed in Dennis E.
J. Johnson U.S.A. Patent No. 4,562,014 issued December 31,
1985.
Another important aspect of this invention has to
do with the special compatibility provided by the
multivalent oxygen ion gas supplied to the water to be
treated by the apparatus 10, and the dipole electrical
nature of water. It is well known that as a result of the
distrlbution of the electrons and hydrogen atoms in water,
one end of the water molecule may be considered positively
charged and the other end negatively charged; such
molecules are said to be electrically dipole in nature and
they have a dipole moment which is dependent upon the
magnitude of the charges and the effective distance between
them, water molecules being known to have a high dipole
movement.
The present invention thus contemplates that by
the application of the transformed oxident gases into water
- 30 -
lcm/MLS
1~8951~
there is a naturally occuring magnetic and electro chemical
attraction of the multivalent oxygen gas ions to and among
passLng water molecules, to the extent that as the
apparatus 10 operates to provide the multivalent oxident
gas diffusion into the water to be treated that has been
indicated, including the transformed oxygen content
_,
_ 30a -
lcm/MLS
~3
~9~
thereof, the highest level of the multivalent oxygen ion allo-
tropes involved can be held ln solution in the water during pro-
cessing of same regardless of ambient temperature and pressure
changes. With the multivalent oxidant gases inserted in the
water to be treated thus being widely dispersed by the natural
electrical charge affinity of the oxygen allotrope ions to water
molecules, the oxidant ions are brought into corresponding
oxidizing or flocculating relation to the impurities involved by
the stronger electrical-magnetic charge attraction of the oxidant
multivalent ions to the contaminants than to the water molecules.
Furthermore, the multivalent oxygen ions involved have also been
found to have a neutralizing effect on the water molecule hydrogen
bonds that comprise surface tensions. The surface tension (and
the associated electrostatic attraction hydrogen bonding of water
to contaminants) involved may be reduced in the range of from
about 20 to about 40 percent, but in any event surface tension
reduction is significant and facilitates settling out of con-
tsminant solids that are entrained in the bonded together water
molecules.
Several examples of tests illustrate the effective
nature of the practice of the invention.
In one test, an embodiment of the invention arranged in
accordance with the embodiment of Figures 2 - 8 was employed to
diffuse air flow from a conduit 20 at the rate of 0.1 cubic foot
per minute into the return condensate make up water that was
intermittently fed to a 100 horsepower low pressure steam boiler,
the study being carried out in a Chicago, Illinois industrial
facility. The object of the study was to evaluate the ability
of the invention multivalent oxidant gases as diffused in the con-
densate make up water to oxidize and/or flocculate remove or descale
plated calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate scale encrustation
1~8~511
from the internal boiler fire tube surfaces and the internal
surfaces of the water piping distributi-)n s~stem in~olved. It
was also desired to prevent rescaling, and improve the entire
system heat transfer by removal of insulating solids from the
water. After thirty days practice of the invention, without
any chemical descaling agents being employed, it was found
that the water system contained large quantities of loosened
scale deposits that were filtered out of the system. The
water being,treated had an increase in pH acidity at the same
time indicating that scale solids have been coming into and
out of solution in the water within the return condensate
flow; it has been found that the oxidant gas removal of plated
calcium carbonate scale deposits in practicing the invention
as represented by this test releases carbon dioxide gas from
the carbonate structure as the carbonates are oxidized, with
the carbon dioxide im~ediately forming carbonic acid in the
boiler water and freely assisting in the efficiency of complete
boiler system descaling with the resultant vast fast improvement
in heat transfer characteristics.
Another test involved the application of an embodiment
of the invention in accordance with the showing of Figures 2 -
8 to treatment of contaminant water based machine tool coolants.
Water soluable oil coolants, semi-synthetic coolants, and full
synthetic coolants were evaluated for, among other things, the
degree of fungus and bacterial decontamination achieved by the
practice of the invention; results indicated that an 85 per
cent reduction occurred in total bacteria count within four to
six hours of the commencement of the operation of the invention,
which involved a continuous application of 0.1 cubic foot per
32.
5~1
minute oxidant gas application to the liquid being treated on
a recirculation batch treatment basis. Fungus populations in
the coolants being treated were found to be completely destroyed
within the first two hours of the treatment.
Yet another test involved the application of an
embodiment of the invention equivalent to the arrangement of
Figures 2 - 8 in which 0~2 cubic foot per minute of the
oxidant gas flow from a conduiting 20 was continuously diffused
into a twenty-five gallon sample of drinking water aquafer
ground water contaminated with 1500 parts per billion of
trichloroethene ~TCE). Within tw~ hours af.er trea'ment
commenced, TCE contamination levels had been reduced 99 per
cent or greater with improvement in overall water clarity.
In the embodiment of Figures 2 - 8, the cylinder or
casing 30, the coupling members 88 and 90, the caps 96 and 98,
and the mounting blocks 74 and 76 are all formed from polyvinyl
chloride of a suitable grade. Motor 16 and compressor 18 are
conventional commercial apparatus while the conduiting 20, 42,
and 110 may be any type of conduiting, althogh plastic conduiting
is preferred because of its simplicity of application. The
diffuser coupling members 152 and 154 and sleeve 162 may be
formed from polyvinyl chloride and ~i~able bonded together in
leak free relation, as well as to conduiting 150, as by
employing PVC glue.
The air flow through flow way or corridor 36 may be
mechanically generated, as in the embodiment of Figures 2 - 8,
but for installations requiring only a low oxidant gas flow
rate at the diffuser, say in the range of from about 0.05 to
about 0.1 cubic foot per minute, convection flow through the
~395~
generator, as induced by the operation of the photolysis lamp
61, will provide adequate flow rate application of the oxidant
gases to the liquid to be purified.
The lamps 61 as applied to generator 12 are preferably
of 40 watt capacity, and for industrial applications the
apparatus 10 may have several additional cells 13 mounted in the
cabinet 14 in the same manner but in spaced relation for
increased oxidant gas capacity, as desired, and of course, each
cell is equipped as indicated in Figures 2-8. Industrial
generators of two and four cells comparable to generator 12 with
their ways 36 connected both in series and parallel, insofar as
their ways 36 and their connection to conduiting comparable to
conduiting 20 are concerned, depending on the flow rate supply
needs for particular applications, and with their cells 13
applied to cabinet 14 horizontally, have been in active
successful experimental use by Applicant. Where the oxidant gas
capacity has lower requirements, of course the lamp 61 may be
proportionally of lesser wattage, and the magnet devices 46 in
or about a particular way 36 may be reduced in number to two or
three; 13 watt lamps and appropriately matched ballasts in
association with other component parts of the type illustrated
have been successfully operated by Applicant, employing devices
46 in numbers of two or three, in spaced relation about the way
36, where oxidant gas supply requirements relate to such low
flow rate applications as swimming pools, home drinking water
purification, and the like.
ALTERNATE EM~30DIMENTS
OF THE INVENTION
Figures 9 and 10 diagrammatically illustrate an
alternate lower capacity generator embodiment 12A of the
invention in which cell 13A comprises a cabinet 14 and its cover
15, in which the cabinet 14 has suitably affixed to its
underside suitable compressor 18 driven by suitable motor 16A,
LCM:jj 34
~95~1
to draw ambient air into inlet 180 and discharge it into con-
duiting 182 that discharges it at outlet 184 into the chamber
32A that is defined by cabinet 14. As indicated in Figure 9,
the chamber 32A is parallelepiped in configuration and has at
its mid portion an electron-volt emitting lamp 61A, forming the
photolysis device 60A of generator 12A, mounted to extend there-
across, and between a pair of mounting blocks 74A and 76A that
are fixed to the respective sides 184 and 186 of the cabinet 14,
as by employing appropriate screw and nut type fasteners 188.
The mounting blocks 74A and 76A each have secured thereto
stainless steel helical compression springs 72 of the same
type disclosed in connection with the apparatus 10 for mount-
ing of the lamp 61A, compression spring style as indicated in
Figure 10, with the springs 72 being incorporated in circuit-
ing of the type indicated in Figure 5 for operation of the lamp
61A. Shifting lamp 61A to either side of Figure 9 will effect
ready removal and corresponding replacement of lamp 61A in
its mounting springs 72. For low capacity requirements lamp 61
and associated parts may be replaced by a replaceable commer-
cially available 13 watt screwable electron-volt emitting lamp
applied to a suitable lamp base socket secured to one of the
cabinet sides 184 or 186.
Applied to either side of the chamber 32A is a magnetic
rod device 46A on the back side 190 of the cabinet, and a
magnet rod device 46B that is fixed to the cover 15. The
rod devices 46A and 46B are the same as shown in connection
with the apparatus 10, with the rod device 46B thus in fact
being the same as rod device 46A, but having its position
reversed in the manner indicated in Figure 2 for the rod
devices 46A and 46B there illustrated. The rod devices 46A
and 46B of the generator 12A are fixed in place employing
suitable clamps 192 secured in place by suitable screw
fasteners 194 (omitted in the showing of rod device 46s).
1~89511
Cover 15 is secured to cabinet 14 employlng suitable screws 53.
Cabinet 14 has fitting 200 affixed thereto that serves as the
multivalent oxidant ion gas bearing gases flow outlet from
chamber 32A, which is connected to the water to be treated in
rn ~p~ c~f~s
~r comparable to the apparatus 10.
The compressor motor 16A and the photolysis lamp 61A
are connected, for operation of generator 12A into suitable
circuiting of the type indicated in Figure 6 (for activation
of the generator 12A). The chamber 32A defines a flow way
or corridor 36A that functions in a manner similar to that
of the apparatus 10, with the magnetic rod devices ~6A and
46B providing the permanent magnet flux longitudinally and
crosswise of the way that is required and the photolysis
lamp 61A providing the ionizing electronvolt ultraviolet
wave length emissions that, in combination, transform provide
the atmospheric oxygen of the air flow through way 36A to
the multivalent oxygen allotrope ions that have been referred
to, with the generator 12A providing a flow rate at the fitting
200 as needed for the water treatment application to which the
generator 12 is to be applied. The capacity can be varied
in accordance with requirements by employing a compressor 18
of suitable capacity and a photolysis lamp 61A of suitable
capacity, which for low capacity requirements may be as low
as 13 watts, with a flow rate from fitting 200 at a level of
0.5 cubic feet per minute.
The embodiment of Figures 11 - 13 illustrates a gene-
rator 12B that is similar to generator 12 but is intended for l-aw
capacity applications in which requirements are such that
the air flow through the generator may be convection induced
by the heat of operation of the photolysis lamp 61B.
36.
~3951~
Generator 12B is of simplified design in which cell 13B comprises
cylindrical member or shell 210 that is comparable with casing
30 and receives over its ends the respective coupling members
212 and 214, between which are mounted a pair of magnetic rod
devices 46A in diametrically opposed relation on generator
12B, and a magnetic rod device 46B of a shorter length, applied
between the two. The devices 46A and 46B have the orientation
suggested in Figure 2 insofar as their permanent magnets are
concerned. The coupling member 214 is formed with a plurality
of atmospheric air inlet ports 216, while the coupling member
212 and sleeve 210 are formed with apertures 218 and 220,
respectively, that are aligned in the assembl~d relation of
the generator 12B in which the sleeve ends 222 and 224 seat
discs 78 of the respective mounti'ng blocks 74 and 76 against
shoulders 223 and 225 of the respective couplings 212 and 214
in the assembled relation of generator 12B, similar to generator
12; in the case of mounting block 76, the disc 78 of same is
interposed between shell end 224 and ~houlder 225 to mount
block 76 in place, with filter pad 102B, that is of the same
type as pad 102 of Figure 6, being interposed between the disc
78 of mounting block 76 and ports 216 of coupler member 214,
as in well 227. In this embodiment, magnetic devices 46A and
46B are affixed to the generator 12B in the positions indicated
in Figure 11, employing angle shaped fittings 230 that are
suitably anchored to the respective coupling members 212 and
214 and receiving studs 232 affixed at the ends of the magnetic
device casings 48 for this purpose. Cap 234 is threadedly
received in internally threaded socket 236 of coupling member
212 to close in the chamber 32B defined by generator 12B, and
37.
~895~
is removable for removable seating of the upper terminal 66 of
lamp 61B in its spring seat contact 72. The apertures 218 and
220 in the assembled relation of the generator 12B are lined
up with outlet fitting 238 which in use of the generator 12B
is connected to a conduiting 20 and diffuser 22 or their
equivalents for diffusing application of the oxidant gas
containir.g air flow from generator 12 into the water to be
treated. The shell 210, coupling members 212 and 214 and cap
234 are preferably formed from a suitable grade of polyvinyl
chloride, with coupling members 212 and 214 being suitably
bonded in place, in the positions indicated on sleeve 210, as
by employing a suitable bonding cement. The shell 210 defines
between coupling members 212 and 214 a cylindrical body portion
of reduced external diameter over which devices 46A and 46B
extend, and about which a suitable strap fastener device may
be applie~ to secure generator 12B to an upright support post
or the like, in the upright position of Figure 11.
The operation of the generator 12B on energization
of the lamp 61B is essentially the same as for the other
embodiments of the invention except that the heat provided by
the photolysis lamp 61B is relied upon to induce the air flow
from the air flow way inlet at apertures 216, through filter
pad 102A, through the combined permanent magnet flux fields
and photolysis lamp emissions, and thence through the generator
outlet defined by apertures 218, 220 and fitting 238, into
conduiting that leads to the water to be treated, in a manner
comparable to the showing of Figure 5. The generator 12B is
devised for relative low oxidant gas flow rate needs, such as
38.
3951~
for home swlmming pools and drinking water treatment, or for
flltration enhancement solids removal systems, which may be
in the range of 0.050-0.1 cubic foot per minute.
While generators 12A and 12B may have their air supply
" ,~
requirements ~I~#~a~by the aforementioned connection to in
plant available compressed air systems, these generator embodi-
ments are devised for low capacity use where such compressed
air systems are not available.
PREFERRED (BEST MODE) INVENTION EMBODIMENT
The embodiments of the invention illustrated by the
showings of Figures 1 - 13 evolved toward what is now believed
to be the best mode arrangement, as a result of numerous
applications of the invention, and empirical response water
quality purification results and systems engineering positive
feedback that has been evaluated and gathered from nationwide
YMCA pool and other public pool commercial applications
along with numerous industrial applications. These efforts
have in turn resulted in the arrangement of Figures 14 - 19,
which is believed, as indicated, to represent the best mode
embodiment of practicing the invention at the present time.
Appreciable improvements in the invention embodiment
structure, embodiment orientation, and energy field inter-reaction
intensity are quite apparent upon a review of the embodiments
of Figures 1 - 13 when compared to ~he best mode embodiment
of Figures 14 - 19. The embodiments of Figures 1 - 13 involve
a singular cocurrent energy field zone of combining magnetic
energy and ionizing electron-volt energy in which ambient
atmospheric air passes through the oxygen converting site as
a single-pass air flow function involving incoming atmospheric
air entering through openings in one end or corner of the
39.
~l;2 t395~
apparatus generator, and then passing througnout a linear or
rectilinear cocurrent field zone in a substantially unidirec-
tional air flow toward the opposite end or corner exit opening.
In the embodiment of Figures 14 - 19, an arrangement is provided
that utilizes multiple magnetic and ionizing electron-volt
cocurrent ene_gy field zones (resembling energy cells and here-
inafter called energy cell zones) into each of which the entering
atmospheric air is drawn at a centermost high energy intensity
position in a 360 rotational/hurricane-like air flow directional
pattern. Further, while the magnetic energy and electron-volt
energy levels of the respective cocurrent energy cell zone will
vary in intensity and magnitude due to their specific arrange-
ments the resultant oxygen gas air flow through each zone merges
with that of the other cabinet zone at a common centrelly located
cabinet outflow port for conveyance to point of insertion or
dispersion in the water being treated, as per the arrangement of
Figure 5. The indicated energy cell zones each exert a multi-
tude of stressful and interacting magnetic and ionizing energy
forces upon the atmospheric oxygen air flow passing through same,
which causes irregular and deflecting or "repeat contact",
turbulent, rotational movement of the paramagnetic oxygen gas
flow within the internal flux density magnetic lines of force
fields of the respective cells that represents an oxygen gas
concentrator system that has three dimensional multi-pass gas
flow movement reaction functions.
Figures 14 - 19 are illustrative of embodiments
of the invention that are now believed to be best able to
40.
39511
capitalize upon utilizing the natural laws of physics and
chemistry as applied to what is believed to be the most
effective method for generating higher gauss strength magnetic
oxygen gas and a steadystate stream of purifying multivalent
oxygen ion allotropic gas along with a lesser amount of hybrid
resonance ion forms of ozone gas, from atmospheric oxygen, with
the least amount of electrical energy input required. The term
"multivalent" has been defined hereinbefore.
It is a major function and object of the invention to
minimize external electrical power input requirements to
generate both magnetic oxygen and the multivalent ionized
oxygen employed by the present invention; thus, it is a feature
of this invention that a low power requirement not exceeding
30 watts is an operational response function that is directly
proportional to the best mode design criteria that will best
interface with the natural physics and chemistry oxygen
magnetization and oxygen ionization phenomenon. Academic
scientific evidence both in physics and chemistry has well
established the difference in magnetic moment potential that
naturally occurs between the nitrogen gas fraction of
atmospheric air and the oxygen gas fraction of atmospheric air
to represent a substantial difference in the magnetic flux
densities and magnetic induction field characteristics between
ambient nitrogen and oxygen. At ambient temperatures the
magnetic moment of atmospheric oxygen gas is reported at +3449
(in 106cgs units) while contrastingly the magnetic moment of
atmospheric nitrogen gas is -12.0 (in l06cgs units). Applying
the Magnet Industry gauss strength (cgs unit of magn~tic
induction or flux density) conversion formula of Gauss/oersted
is equal to magnetic moment divided by one, then naturally
occurring atmospheric oxygen exists in ambient air with a
measurable magnetic induction strength of +.003 gauss whereas
naturally occurring nitrogen
LCM:jj 41
-
~2~95~
exists in ambient air without possessing any magnetic flux
density characteristics whatsoever having a magnetic induction
strength of -.000012 gauss. Therefore, atmospheric oxygen
gas is paramagnetic in behavior ~Lcg-~at- oxygen molecules
possess sufficient gauss magnetic induction strength to
become accelerated in molecular collision frequency, deflected
stressed, and concentrated when atmospheric oxygen is passed
through an externally applied magnetic energy cell zone
whereas atmospheric nitrogen gas possesses virtually neutral
gauss magnetic induction strength and passes through an
externally applied magnetic energy cell zone in an unchanged
and non-deflected manner - i.e., atmospheric oxygen gas being
naturally paramagnetic, is capable of being magnetized to a
higher order of magnetic reactivity in an external magnetic
field.
Further, it is a known law of Physics and Electricity
that a magnetic particle moving at right angles and perpendi-
cular through the magnet lines of force or flux density energy
zone of a surrounding and stronger magnetic induction field
strength will experience physical particle stress along while
developing some minute generation of electrical potential
release. The Figures 14 - 19 embodiment disclosure identifies
'C ~
the manner/the invention is capable of providing the multiple
magnetic induction field energy cell zones whereby passing
atmospheric paramagnetic oxygen gas molecules become physically
stressed within induction field magnetic lines of force with a
resulting molecular acceleration in both the vibrational and
rotational energy level and collision, frequency increase of
the gaseous oxygen molecules; accelerated molecular movement
speed cuts magnetic lines of force rapidly and causes
42.
128951~
successive and continuous release of small abvolt quantities
of electrical potential.
Figure 14 is a front perspective view of the pre-
ferred generator cabinet enclosure housing in accordance with
the purpose to generate multivalent oxygen ion (magnetic and
ionized oxygen) gas. The generator cabinet 240 including its
illustrated top and bottom walls, side walls, and rear or back
wall, and cabinet front cover 241, forms a quadrilateral boxlike
enclosure structure defining a fluid flow chamber that contains
the magnetic energy cell zones. Electrical wiring boxes on either
side wall of the cabinet are formed by covers 242 suitably re-
movably mounted on the respective side walls 242A that are in-
tegral with the cabinet 240 and in circumambient relation about
the respective side boxes. The cabinet components 240, 241,
242 and 242A are constructed of a suitable highly inert and
noncumbustible polybutylene thermoplastic material which is
custom injection molded to the desired dimensions. Cover 241
is sealed to cabinet 240 with a rectangular flat neoprene
gasket 243 (see Figure 14) that provides a 100% air tight
vacuum seal when cover 241 and gasket 243 are drawn against
cabinet 240 by using eight 10-32 self tapping stainless steel
screws 244. An additional four self tapping screws 244 are
used to tightly secure the two wiring side covers 242 against
the two side wiring box openings of cabinet 240 that are defined by
the respective walls 242A, as will be seen. Cabinet 240 is formed
to define the atmospheric oxygen transforming air flow way or
corridor arrangement contemplated by the present invention.
Dirt, oil and dust particles are filtered out of
the entering atmospheric air flow by the use of commercially
available polyester fiber filter pads 102 (similar to pads 102
of Figure 6) that are located and fastened in two positions
within the circular plastic filter pad holders 245 (see
Figure 15) on the cabinet cover 241. Each air filter pad
43.
~2895~
holder 245 is located on the perpendicular axis centerline
traversing through the center of energy cell Zone "A" and
energy cell Zone "B" as indicated in Figure 17, with the
respective centermost energy cell locations being marked
within the showing of the generator cabinet 240 by the
location marks of Figures 15, 17 and 19. Figure 14 shows a
brass compression fitting 246 which is secured at the
center point location of the cabinet cover 241, with a 1/2"
diameter flexible polyethylene tubing 247 shown fitted to
v ~ J ~ ~ ~
C 10 compression fitting 246 for the purpose of e*~r~i--ng~ ~n
external vacuum suction air flow to draw upon the content
of the internal space of cabinet 240 and cover 241 sealed
enclosure, for effecting dispersion of same in the water to
be treated, as for instance, in accordance with said U.S.
Patent No. 4,562,014 or in accordance with the showing of
Figure 5.
As an extension of the external vacuum suction
draw, Figure 15 illustrates the inside front cover 241
center location point where a suction extension plastic tee
assembly 248 is fitted and secured to the protruding brass
fitting 246 in leak free relation thereto for the purpose
of extending the vacuum suction ports ~ to either side of
the inside centermost location within the cabinet enclosure
240. Figure 17 illustrates the position of the vacuum
suction air flow draw from the cabinet to be located at
points ~ approximately equal-distant between energy cell
Zone "A" and energy cell Zone "B"; these ~ location
lcm/MLS-
,t! `,~'
~89~;11
positions represent the true cabinet center point from
which the generated multivalent oxygen gas ions (and
cl, r ~--
unreacted nitrogen gas) ~ vacuum withdrawn from the
cabinet enclosure in accordance with this embodiment.
. - 44a -
lcm/MLS
~8~35~;L
Figure 15 is an enlarged perspective view showing
(among other things) the inside components of the generator
of this embodiment, indicating the location of commercially
available square block permanent ceramic magnets 249 that are
located within the cabinet 240 at the cabinet corners, and
are mounted at 45 angles within magnet mount rails 250 at
each cabinet corner quarter point location; an additional
two similar magnets 249A are mounted within cabinet 240 in
plastic mount holders 250A and one additional magnet block 249B
mounted in plastic mount magnet holder 250B. Figures 15, 16,
18 and 19 illustrate these magnets in the form of 3 inch square
custom magnetized permanent block magnet assemblies in which each
is a commercially available strontium carbonate and iron
oxide (ceramic) composition and magnetized with multi-polar
or four pole magnetic field configuration that has been applied
to each individual permanent ceramic magnet or magnet block
249. Figures 16 and 18 show each permanent ceramic magnet
block 249 as having been individually custom magnetized to
possess two magnetic North poles 251 and two magnetic South
poles 252. Figure 16 represents a fragmental corner section
view of the side by side arrangement placement of two of the
multi-polar permanent magnet biocks 249, oriented so that the
North pole 251 of one magne.ic block 249 is adjacent to and
repelling the North pole 251 of the other magnet block 249,
with each of the four corners of the generator cabinet 240
showing the identified 45 mounted placement of the respective
block magnet assemblies each comprising two magnet blocks 249
with the orientation of like magnet poles being adjacent to
and repelling one another (see Figure 15).
Magnet holders 250A are suitably screw mounted in
the rear or back wall of cabinet 240 in leak free relation
45.
~8~
thereto for disposing in the relative positions indicated
in Figures 15, 17 and 19.
Figures 15, 16, 18 and 19 indicate that
each individual multi-polar permanent magnet block
249 has a center demagnetization opening or aperture
253 which exist~ as a circular hole through the magnet
block 249 and represents an approximate area of opening
equal to about 20% of the total surface area of the
magnet block 249. The 20~ open area of magnet block
249 is critical to effect the disrupting of the simultaneous
center to center contacting of the two North magnetic
poles 251 and the two South magnetic poles 252 and
therefore interrupts any polar magnetic lines of
force which would short-circuit across the contact
block center mass point. It further prevents any
demagnetization and diminution of magnet field strength
at the individual poles 251 and poles 252.
The gauss magnetic flux density field strength
of each 3 inch square multi-polar permanent magnet
block 249 averages 4,000 gauss strength across the
block surface when in an unmounted position to any
steel backing plate; as shown in Figures 15 - 19,
each individual corner magnet block 249 is magnetically
attached to a plate formed from magnetic material,
sd/~ -46-
?51~
as for instance, a 3/16" thick carbon steel plate
254 which acts both as a magnet backing and mounting
and slides into and mounts within the generator enclosure
cabinet 240 corner magnet slide rails 250 (see Figure
17), and thereby positions the multi-polar permanent
magnet block 249 at the indicated 45 corner angulation
facing inward to the interior void space of the cabinet
enclosure 240. Figures 16 and 18 il-
sd/ -46a-
~;~89~11
lustrate each magnet backing plate 254 to also be formed with
a 1/2" diameter center demagnetization hole opening 255 which
works in con~unction with the respective individual multi-polar
permanent magnet block 249 center demagnetization hole openings
253 to break any additional internal mass cross connecting lines
of magnetic force within the mass center point of the steel
backing plate 254 (the respective magnet openings 253 are
aligned with the respective plate openings 255). The further
combining effect of magnet block 249 demagnetization hole 253
and the magnet backing plate 254 demagnetization hole 255, along
with the flat surface to surface contact between block and plate
is to reverse and cancel the underside magnetic lines of force
that exit along the interface contact surfaces between the body
of the respective magnet blocks 249 and the attracting contact
surface of backing plate 2S4 to which the respective magnets 249
are applied, so that the greatest portion of the magnetic flux
density energy contained within the internal mass of each multi-
polar permanent magnet block 249 is now reversed through the
mass of the magnet block and directionally pointed outward and
away from the open flat magnet block multi-polar exposed or
front surface - i.e., the "reversing and cancelling effect"
exerted upon internal magnetic lines of force and flux densities
within the individual ceramic magnet blocks 249 internal mass
forms them into one-way field multi-polar directional magnets.
Figure 19 diagrammatically and fragmatically
illustrates the directional field magnet lines of force, of the
resulting one way field multi-polar directional magnets,
traversing in a back and forth pattern across the open void air
space 256A of the cabinet energy cell Zone "A" and
LCM:j; 47
~89Sl:l
between the multi-polar magnetic surfaces of the ceramic
magnet block-plate assemblies 249,254, and between the
multi-polar surfaces of the magnets 249A. Figure 19 is
of course, only a planar drawing representation supplied for a
better understanding of the invention and is largely diagram-
matic and fragmental in nature to avoid, as in the case of
Figure 2, an undue confusion of lines. Also involved are flux
density magnetic lines of force that exist completely around
and across the open void air space 256A of energy cell Zone "A"
in an enveloping 360 rotational or rotating directional
pattern that in shape is quite similar to the crosswise and
circular magnetic lines of flux energy zone corridor 36
(magnetic cell envelope), illustrated in Figure 2. The incoming
atmospheric oxygen air flow of Figure 2 enters the magnet
lines of force air space magnetic corridor at the intake end
of corridor 36 and trave~ longitudinally, rectilinearly, and
parallel with, the corridor center-line axis through the
corridor flux ~ensity force fields in a substantially laminar
flow and exits out the opposite, outflow, corridor end. By
comparison, Figure 19 represents what is now believed to be
the best mode magnetic energy reaction cell arrangement in
which the incoming paramagnetic (+.003 gauss strength)
atmospheric oxygen gas flow enters the mid-point center location
(point ~) of the magnetic energy cell Zones A and B and is
caused to spin in a circular and rotational hurricane type,
turbulent flow, pattern, as indicated by Figure 17, from the
respective entry points ~, as the paramagnetic oxygen gas
molecules are inter-reacted with and are drawn into the
enveloping magnetic lines of force of the respective multi-polar
magnet energy cell Zones A and B - i.e., the inter-reacting
paramagnetic oxygen gas molecules rotating into the center of
the respective energy cells experience~ repeat contact in
48.
51~
the cutting of magnetic llnes or force enveloping the
respective energy cell boundaries; oxygen molecules are
attracted and held back and are "multi-pass" concentrated in
each energy cell for prolonged energy contact before being
pulled out of the respective energy cell zone boundaries, and
thus the cabinet chamber, by the vacuum suction draw on the
generator cha~ber that establishes the passing air flow at the
cabinet air flow exit point ~
Figure 17 defines a front elevational view of the
cabinet 240, without cover, exposing the fluid flow chamber
thereto, in which tne lower half energy cell Zone "A" air
flow void area 256A and the cell "A" associated embodiment
are shown located within the cabinet chamber spaced from the
upper half energy cell Zone "B" air flow void area 256B and
the cell "B" associated embodiment. The energy cell Zone "B"
magnetic lines of force flux density pattern is basically
similar to magnetic lines of force field pattern that is dia-
grammatically represented in the Figure 19 energy cell Zone
cell "A" magnetic force field illustration. A distinct dif-
ference is involved between the cell Zones A and B in that in
the cell Zone A the near oppositely located magnet bloc~s 249A
shown in the Figure 17 cell Zone "A" illustration, whicll -
attract and pull the zonal magnetic lines of force field in a
360 encircling pattern around the ultraviolet electron-volt
emitting lamp 260, upwardly of the cabinet chamber and toward
the center of same, have been replaced in the Zone cell "B"
arrangement by employing a single multi-polar permanent ceramic
magnet block 249B, that has approximately twice the flux
âensity four pole field strength that either of the two magnet
blocks 249A used in Zone cell "A" have, and that also attracts
and pulls the Zone cell "B" zonal magnetic lines of force
downwardly of the cabinet and toward the center of same, in
49.
~lff~395~
an encircling 360~ pattern around a screwable (or screwably
mounted) ~-tube ultraviolet electron-volt emitting lamp 259,
in a general magnetic lines of force pattern that is similar to
that of Zone cell "A". ~agnet 249B is mounted on lamp 259
by being slipped over same, as by the passing of the lamp U-tube
structure through the magnet 249B center demagnetization hole
opening ,53, with t~e magnet 249B being suitably fixedly
mounted on lamp 253 (via suitable plastic mount holder 250B)
approximately one-fourth of the way inward from the terminal
end of lamp 259.
Figure 18A is a plan view of a three inch diameter,
single, circular, multi-polar permanent ceramic magnet 257
custom magnetized to possess the same quad-sectioned two
North poles 251 and two South poles 252 as the three inch
square permanent ceramic magnets 249, with the mounting of
the permanent circular magnet 257 on and about lamp 259, as
shown in Figure 17, being effected in any suitable manner,
as by receiving the lamp 259 through its center opening
demagnetization hole 253, with magnet 257 snugly filling same
and being snusly slid over thereupon to the screwable circular
socket end of lamp 259 and being securely fixed to same in
any suitable manner. Figures 15 and 17 indicate the location
of the circular permanent ceramic multi-polar magnet 257 as
attached to and mounted on the screwable electron-volt emitting
lamp 2S9, magnet 257 being mounted at the juncture point where
lamp 259 protrudes out of the receiving lamp connection socket
258. Socket 258 is suitably anchored to the near magnet 249
at that corner of the cabinet, aliyned with that magnets
center aperture 253. The combining effects of permanent
ceramic magnet 257 and permanent ceramic magnet 249B further
;O .
395~1
enhance$ the strength of the surrounding 360 magnetic lines
of force field "envelope" that encapsules the electron-volt
emitting lamp 259; additionally, said field strength combining
effects of permanent magnets 257 and 249B assist to more evenly
distribute the magnetic lines of force flux density field
throughout the energy cell Zone "B" and related air space
voids 256B of the cabinet chamber.
It has been discovered by way of applying this
embodiment of the invention to water purification and the
resulting test results that tne respective magnetic energy cell
zone embodiments, individually and alone (though illustrated
in Figures 14 - 19 as incorporated in the same cabinet 240, as
energy cell Zones "A" and "B", with their associated magnets
and three dimensional 360 enveloping magnetic lines of force
flux fields), will magnetically activate and ionize atmospheric
oxygen gas supplied to each such zone as atmospheric air flows
through the individual cells in question. These cell Zones "A'
and "B" each represent a separate flow way or corridor of
the types disclosed in Figures 2 - 13, with each such flow way
having its own inlet at ~ and a common outlet at filling 246
and its tee assembly 248. Thus, for specific low capacity
requirement situations, either the cell Zone "A" or the cell
Zone "B" may be energized, instead of the joint activation
illustrated. Alternately, the cabinet 240 may be arranged so that
both cell zones are either of the "A" type, or they are of the "'B"
type, depending on specific requirements for specific applications
Magnetically activated oxygen generated by the
practice of this invention has been found to be more chemi-
cally reactive in water than is ambient atmospheric oxygen.
It has been further established by way of test and operational
data that magnetically activated atmospheric oxygen, as
generated solely as a reaction function of ambient air flow
passage through either of the respective magnetic energy
cells Zone "A" or Zone "B", each in its own separate cabinet,
or through the Zones "A" and "B" simultaneously, as in the
51.
~;~8951~
embodiment of Figures 15 and 19 , can be activated and/or
excited in some manner that causes said "magnetic oxygen"
to show substantially increased purifying chemical reactivity
upon being diffused into contaminated water. The reasons
causing the increased chemical reactivity of magnetically
activated atmospheric oxygen are not completely understood;
however, it is believed that the magnetic energy cell zone
induction fields create stressful conditions on atmospheric
oxygen gas paramagnetic molecules passing therethrough that
cause rapid increase both in molecular collision frequencies
and in accelerated deflected speed of rorational and vibra-
tional molecular motion. Said stressful magnetic induction
field conditions produce an intense energy cellular environment
that creates a repeat contact (multi-pass) oxygen air flow
which allows passing atmospheric oxygen to become more easily
energy activated; it is conceivable that additional molecular
stress is applied via the continual multi-pass repeat contact
colliding of partially energy activated oxygen gas molecules
with newly entering and incoming atmospheric oxygen gas
molecules, and that these collisions will create a weakening
affect upon the entering gas molecules thereby making entering
oxygen molecules more receptive to additional magnetic and
ionizing energy as transferred to them via catalyzing molecular
impacts.
The magnetic particle induction laws of electricity
and physics determine production of magnetic oxygen by way of
practice of the invention since naturally occurring magnetic
particles, such as paramagnetic oxygen gas molecules, will
generate minute electrical impulse potential (abvolt elec-
tricity) as the passing paramagnetic molecular oxygen particles
1~3951:1
move perpendicularly through the stronger magnetic lines of
force field of the surrounding three dimensional magnetic
energy cell zones. The right angle cutting of the magnetic lines
of force within the respective magnetic energy cell Zone "A"
and Zone "B", as exerted by the passing air flow movement of
paramagnetic atmospheric oxygen molecules, appears to impart
some measurable release of small abvolt electrical potential
that is absorbed under stress by some proportion of the
passing atmospheric oxvgen gas molecules and which results in
~ ffe ct c)h
G~ an apparent electrical ionization a~44~-~h~reo33~ passing
oxygen gas molecules, and therefore produces slightly ionized
(negatively charged) and magnetically activated oxygen gas
molecules having a greater chemical activity when dissolved
in water. It is conceivable that both the ~uantity and the
chemical reactive intensity of magnetically ionized and
magnetically activated oxygen gas could be increased by passing
pure bottled oxygen gas through magnetic energy cells herein
disclosed and/or greatly increased by applying and substituting
suitably wired and electrically energized electro magnetic
alternating current induction field magnets in place of the
rod type permanent ceramic magnets 46 as described in
Figures 2, 5 and 6 or by substituting comparatively shaped
and suitably wired and electrically energized but otherwise
similar electro magnets for the corner cabinet permanent
ceramic magnets 249 illustrated in Figures 15, 17 and 19.
It has been demonstrated that alternating current
electromagnets having approximately the same physical dimensions
as the permanent ceramic magnets 249, which electromagnets
are suitably wired, will produce energy cell Zone "A" or "B"
r.lagnetic induction field strength that is two to three times
more intense than as produced by the unwound perman ~ ceramic
~L289~
magnets 249 disclosed in connection with the embodiment of
Figures 14 - 19.
Specific water purification treatment applications
in accordance with the embodiment of Figures 14 - 19 have
shown that larger capacity alternate versions of the invention
best mode arrangement where used solely as a magnetic oxygen
gas generator device, will normally involve the useage of
electrically powered induction field electromagnets in place
of the hereindisclosed permanent ceramic magnet arrangement.
The increased purification treatment activity
magnetically activated/ionized oxygen gas generated pursuant
to the invention has been demonstrated by applying the magnetic
energy cell design system of Figures 14 - 19 to the purification
of various categories of contaminated waters - i.e., filtra-
tion enhancement purification and coagulation of both dissolved
solids and fine suspended solids contaminants has been
successfully demonstrated by applying the magnetic oxygen
gas stream generated pursuant to this invention to aquarium
water, dairy cleaning water, industrial cooling water, and
swimming pool waters, and it is further believed that many
additional medical applications exist in the application of
such magnetic oxygen gas to provide relief of patient
respiratory stress syndroms.
Figures 15, 17 and 19 show the location of the two
low wattage oxygen photolysis electron-volt emitting lamps
259 and 260, which, respectively, are centrally positioned,
to provide a cocurrent energy "couple" within the magnetic
energy cell Zone "A" and magnetic energy cell Zone "B", res-
pectively; each lamp 259 and 260 is of the indicated commer-
cially available types, and requires less than 30 watts power,
54.
1; :895~
and yields oxygen ionizing electron-volt emissions in the
short wavelength ultraviolet range. An energy couple, as
defined in the 62nd Edition, 1981-1982 Handboo~ of Chemistry
and Physics, represents a three dimensional intermeshing and
interaction of energy forces as supplied cocurrently together
in the same physical realm. The invention contemplates the
practice of the application of two (or more) energy field
couples as illustrated in Figures 17 and 19, which illustrate
the magnetic lines of force of energy cell Zone "A" and
magnetic energy cell Zone "B", creating magnetic induction
energy fields that traverse the zonal air space areas 256A
and 256B, respectively, of the cabinet chamber, to produce
three dimensional energy intermeshing and interaction with
the oxygen ionizing electron-volt emissions of each centermost
zonally located oxygen photolysis lamp 260 and 259, respectively.
Figure 19 illustrates energy couple bombardment of
the magnetic lines of force energy fields released from the
peripheral mounted permanent ceramic magnets 249 and 249A across
the energy zone air space 256A (of the cabinet air flow
chamber) and shows for illustrative purposes the electron-volt
energy couple emissions radiating perpendicularly away from
the oxygen photolysis lamp 260 along one radius of sam~ (shown
in dashed lines that are coplanar related on such radius
along the length of, and on either side of, lamp 260) to be
intermeshing with the magnetic lines of force of the cell
"A" zonal induction field. Simultaneously, both such energy
fields couple together and interact upon atmospheric oxygen
molecules entering the zone center, of cell Zone "A", at
point ~, to produce both magnetically activated oxygen and
ionized oxygen multivalent ion forms. In the process of the
two energy field couple interactions, it is believed that the
~289511
magnetic induction field energy imparts a pre-treatment energy
stress upon the entering atmospheric oxygen molecules, and
catalyzes the molecular multi-pass air flow movement of oxygen
so that said entering oxygen gas molecules absorb excess magnetic
energy stress and therefore become much more receptive to
accepting emitted free electrons from the ionizing electron-volt
radiations being continually released from the oxygen photolysis
lamp 260; this also occurs at cell Zone "B" with regard to
lamp 259. It is probable that the primary reaction sequence
occasioned by the practice of the invention involves the
production of magnetic oxy~en within the respective energy
cell Zones "A" and "B", while there also exist~ secondary and
tertiary orders of un~nown reaction sequence also simul-
taneously occurring in the respective energy cells. The dual
energy field couple catalyzes and reinforces simultaneous inter-
actions of both magnetic energy and electron-volt ionizing energy
to produce various secondary and tertiery multivalent oxygen ion
charge groups of singlet molecular oxygen and resonance ions
that are both single and double bonded while also producing
higher magnetic energy oxygen molecules with slight negative
charge. Figure 20 illustrates what the Applicants suggest is the
sequence for the reaction in each energy cell Zone "A" and "B",
as well as in the other reaction cells herein disclosed (Figures
3 - 13), as to the productioh of magnetic oxygen and multivalent
oxygen ion, primary - secondary - tertiary reaction, byproduct,
formations that individua~ly~possess excess negative charge, which
when transferred into water ,is releas~d to the solvent as
solvated or free "scavenger" e~ectrons.
The oxygen photolysis lamps 260 and 259 are, more
specifically, of the commercially available low pressure
mercury vapor design type and, as employed, are to be specifi-
cally matched to the commercially available custom lamp ballast
263 step-down transformer electrical circuit design employed
;6.
~;~895~
for each such lamp, as diagrammatically illustrated in Figure
19, and as is conventional for their proper functioning as
mercury vapor, electron-volt, ultra-violet light producing
lamps. The individual electron-volt emitting lamps 260 and
259 electrical requirements preferably are in the range of 10-15
watts electrical power consumption; the total power input to
the cabinet 240 need not exceed a maximum of thirty watts
combined enersy cell power consumption, which represents pennies
per day, cost effective, electrical operation costs The
respective oxygen photolysis electron-volt emitting lamps 260
and 259 are each preferably electrically powered by the
indicated custom design autoformer/choke ballast transformer
263, and suitable electrical circuitry therefor, as dia-
grammatically illustrated in Figure 19. While these lamps 259
and 260 may be elect_ically wired and powered for operation,
in the manner described, in any conventional way, a suitable
electrical connection arrangement therefor is diagrammati-
cally illustrated and will be briefly described. Transformer
263 electrical connection~ to the electron-volt oxygen photolysis
lamp 260 of cell Zone "A" are made in any suitable manner, as
by suitably mountinq four stainless steel contact springs 261B
to the inside side walls of the cabinet 240 at the center
location of energy cell Zone "A", with the lamp 260 electrical
connection pins being inserted, electrical contact style, into
the respective stainless steel contact springs 261B. In
the speci~ic arrangement shown, two of the lamp 260 mount
springs are electrically connected to the lamp starter 262
via the connecting wire 261A closed circuit loop while the
transformer ballast 263 is connected to the remaining two
lamp 260 mount springs by the connecting wire 261B closed
circuit loop; as shown in ~igures 17 and 19, the closed
57.
~l2~
electrical circuit connecting wires 261A and 261B suitably
pass through the cabinet enclosure 240, between the two side
electrical wiring boxes, formed by cover 242 and side walls
242A, through the plastic tubular wireway conduit 264 which
is mounted in sealed relation to the cabinet 240 inside side
wall surfaces. Referring to Figure 17, the electron-volt
oxygen photolysis lamp 259 is suitably and similarly wired to
a similar lamp ballast 263 step-down transformer with the same
circuitry as lamp 260, but has a porcelain lamp base screwable
socket 258 providing the electrical connections to lamp 259,
the lamp base socket 258 is suitably rigidly mounted in place
upon the upper left hand corner cabinet outer magnet 249
and magnet backplate 254, as previously indicated.
The activated oxygen gas stream that is generated
by the practice of the invention is, as has been indicated,
magnetically and electron-volt accelerated into higher vibra-
tional-rotational energy, magnetic, and electrically active
levels of highly water reactive magnetically charged and
negatively charged oxygen ions. The generated reactive oxygen
gas flow, in the practice of the invention comprising an
accelerated energy charged oxygen magnetically activated and
ionized negative ion gas stream, is conveyed into and becomes
interspersed dissolved and saturated within the contaminated
water to be purified ~y using a continuous contact mode
"retention" application. These generated oxygen magnetic-
electrically reactive negative ions are water dispersed by
their inherent electrical attraction into and among the polar
charged water molecules and therein release solvated or free
electrons into the water which in turn become further electro-
statically attracted to contaminants and solids within the water
flow; the presence of free scavenger solvated electrons results
~;~89~
in purification treatment results that continuously oxidizes,
coagulates, descales, disinfects and enhances filtration, vis-a-
Vi6 the presence of the injected highly reactive dissolved oxygen
gas magnetic and allotropic multivalent oxygen ions.
It will be appreciated from a reading of the foreoing
taken in light of the application drawings that the invention
provides a number of significant advantages and improvements
several of the more important of which are as follows:
The invention contemplates that the agent for
purifying water is to have as its source the atmospheric air,
namely paramagnetic atmospheric oxygen, with the atmospheric oxygen
being processed as part of an atmospheric or ambient air
flow through the Applicants' special reactor cells, and specifically
the flow way or energy zone corridors defined by same, whereby
atmospheric oxygen is treated by way of the Applicants' special
~ t,c
p~q~ u~fields and photolysis lamp(s) arrangements to transform
atmospheric oxygen to highly active and stable magnetic oxygen
and multivalent oxygen allotrope ions that, by the dipole nature
of water, when diffused into the water to be treated in one of
the manners hereindisclosed, even in the relative low feed rates
hereinafter referred to, achieve rapid saturation o the liquid
to be treated with the Applicants' magnetic-ionized oxygen, or
oxidant gas treating agent which is thus brought into corres-
pondingly broad purifying relation with substances that are
oxidizable or coagulatable and are either in solution or en-
trained in the water flow. The magnetic oxygen and multivalent
oxygen (oxidant)gas purification provided by the invention
serves the same purpose as the various chemical compounds current-
ly available, but avoids the problems of having these various
types of chemical compounds in the water, their various
side effects, and the like. All matter, including matter which
~9s~
is oxidizable, if contained in the water being treated, is
subject to the oxidizin~ and/or coagulating action of the Ap-
S~ a C
r7~ plicants' multivalent oxygen/magnetic oxygen gases. The watcr
tension of the water is also reduced to permit settling out of
solids that are not in solution but are entrapped perhaps in fine
form in the water molecule bonds. The application of the inven-
tion is especially suited for disinfection, descaling, detoxi-
fication, and ~ltr~.tion enhancement coagul?~tion, of w2ter.
Special aspects of the invention are that the source
of the invention agent for purifying water, namely ambient
atmospheric air, is unlimited, and, as indicated, the presence
in the Applicants' oxidant gas generators of the magnetic
field or fields makes the flow way or energy zone corridor self
cleaning for the length of the photolysis lamp or lamps employed.
Thus, the Applicants' generator magnetic-multivalent ion (oxidant~
gas supply function continues with no decrease and unabated
during the entire period of operation due to the continual and
unabated source of supply of atmospheric air, and the self cleaning
action the Applicants' magnet fields have on the photolysis lamp.
In terms of results, the application of the Applicants'
oxidant gas to the water being treated has been found to reduce
surface tension in the water, by breaking of the hydrogen
bond between water molecules, and this enhances descaling and
agglommeration of colloidal solid particles into larger size (for
settling and filtering out), as well as effects oxidative de-
contamination of organic debris and disinfection of bacteria,
fungus, and virus. Also, pH stabilization and buffering is
effected due to formation of hydroxlation ~OH) ion byproducts
created by the release of free electrons into the water solvent
being released by the dispersed magnetic oxygen and multivalent
oxygen ions from oxidation reactions. These agglommeration and
60.
395~1
pH stabilization and buffering effects are believed to be new
for water treatment developments as a result of the solvated
electron phenomenon.
The foregoing description and the drawings are given
merely to explain and illustrate the invention and the in-
vention is not to be limited thereto, except insofar as the
appended claims are so limited, since those s~illed in the
art who have the disclosure before them will be able to
make modifications and variations therein without departing
from the scope of the invention.
61.
