Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1304369
The present invention is concerned with a
process for the preparation of azoniaspironortropanol
esters, as well as new azoniaspironortropanol esters
and pharmaceutical compositions which contain these
compounds. The present invention is also concerned
with the use of azoniaspironortropanol esters as
therapeutics for the treatment of asthma and as
broncholytis.
Because of their excellent spasmolytic properties,
azoniaspironortropane derivatives are frequently used
pharmaceutically. These compounds are prepared from
the naturally occurring tropine but the known processes
are laborious and time-consuming and, because of the
low yields obtained, are also expensive.
Usually, the preparation of azoniaspironortropane
derivatives takes place according to the following
reaction scheme:
~304369
-2-
H3C\ ~tep a \ A\
N ) N N
\~OH ~OH \~OH
tropine nortropine
/ step b ~tep b'
/ alkylation ecterif-
ication
Hal ~ A
OH ~ O-C-R'
O
step c
esteri-
ication ,
Hal ~ - H
step c;
~ O-C-R'
O O
1304369
--3--
In the above scheme, R' signifie~ the residue
of a carboxylic acid and A is an amino protective
group.
The oxidative demethylation of tropine to give
nortropine (~tep a) is described by S.P. Findley in
J.A.C.S., 75, 3204/1953. However, this process, which
take~ place with a super~aturated tropine solution at
15C. and with a reaction time of f rom 4 to 7 days,
cannot be carried out on a technical scale since, under
these reaction conditions, the tropine concentration
needed for the reaction cannot be kept stable because
the tropine precipitates out spontaneously and is thus
removed from the further reaction. A homogenisation
of the precipitated tropine, for example by an in-line
homogeniser, also did not produce any noticeable
improvement.
- It i9 also known to carry out the demathylation
by exchange of the methyl radical for an ~-alkoxy-
carbonyl radical and subsequent hydrolysi B of the
alkoxycarbamate (see J.C. Kirn, Org. Prep. Proc. Int.,
9, 1-4/1977). In the case of 8-ethoxycarbonylnortropine,
the best yield of nortropine to be found in the liter-
ature is 1~%, referred to tropine (see G. Kraiss and
K. Nador, Tetrahedron Letters, 1971, pp. 7-8). Later,
it was even reported that an acidic or alkaline
splitting of 8-ethoxycarbonylnortropine i-~ not possible
(see T.A. Monzka, J.D. Matiskella and ~.A. Partyka,
1304369
Tetrahedron Letters, 1974, pp. 1325-1327).
The preparation of azonia-qpironortropane deriv-
atives by quaterniqation and esterification or by the
reverse reaction ~equence is known from Federal Republic
of ~ermany Patent Specification No. 1,194,422 and from
Arzneimittelforschung, 17, 714-719/1967 (steps b and c
or steps h' and c'). The hydroxyl group of the nor-
tropine or of the corre~ponding azoniaqpiro compound
is thereby esterified by reaction with the appropriate
acid ch~orides, the hydroxyl group of hydroxycarboxylic
acids and possibly the NH group of the nortropine
thereby having to be protected. A diqadvantage of the
processes de~cribed in these publications iq the poor
yield, the esterification of the nortropine (step b')
and the ~ubseque~t reaction with a dihalide (step c')
thereby also requiring two further reaction steps. It
has long been known to use acid imidazolides as reagent-q
for the esterification of alcohols (see Chem. Ber., 95,
1284-1297/1962). In particular, ~ederal Republic of
20 Germany Patent Specification No. 2,003,680 describes
the reaction of benzilic acid imidazolide with alcohols
or thioalcohol~ which contain a tertiary amino group.
On the other hand, in principle, there are three
possibilities for the treatment of diseases due to
asthma and for bronchial diseases: cortisone or cortico-
steroids, sympathomimetics and parasympatholytics.
As is known, corticosteroids involve serious side
1;~04369
-4a-
effects, for example susceptibility to infections.
Sympathomimetics also have considerable symptomatic
side effects, for example tachycardia. Parasym-
patholytics, on the other hand, are characterised by
a good measure of success, especially in the case of
local administration, by the absence of or only small
side effects but, on the other hand, the therapeutic
results are not uniform and not certain because of
differing response of the symptoms of the disease.
In this regard, reference is made to J.F. Keighley,
Iatrogenic asthma associated with adrenergic aerosols,
Ann. intern. Med., 65, 985/1966 and F.E. Speizer et al.,
Observations on recent increase in mortality from asthma,
B.M.J., 1, 335/1968.
It is known that some azoniaspironortropane
derivatives possess spasmolytic properties ~see Federal
Republic of Germany Patent Specification No. 11 94 422
and Arzneimittelforschung, 17, 714-719/1967). However,
these compounds have hitherto only been used in the
urogenital region.
There is a need for new asthma therapeutics and
broncholytics with a parasympatholytic character of
action but without a systemic accompanying action, i.e.
without effect on the circulatory regulation, and with
a dependable action.
It is an object of the present invention to pro-
vide a process for the preparation of azoniaspironor-
tropanol esters which can be carried out on a technical
~304369
-4b-
scale and which permits these compounds to be
prepared in a simple manner in good yield.
It is also an object of the present invention
to improve the treatment of asthmatic diseases and
of diseases of the bronchial region.
1304369
Surpri~ingly, we have now found that azoniaspiro-
nortropanol esters can be prepared in good yield when
the demethylation of tropine i~ carried out in the
pre~ence of a Cl-C3-chloroalkane which contains a
trichloromethyl radical. The nortropine thus obtained
is alkylated with a dihalide in the presence of an amine
and the corresponding azoniaspiro compound i~ esterified
by reaction with an acid imidazolide in the pre~ence of
a catalyst.
T~us, according to the present invention, there
i8 provided a proce~ for the preparation of azonia-
spironortropanol esters of the general formula:-
: R ~ A ~
R2
Rl
wherein R ~ignifie~ one of the follownng radicals:
a) an alkylene xadical of the general formula:-
13
-(CH2)n-CH-(CH2)n
in which R3 i~ a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, benzyl,
aryl or alkoxy radical and n i8 a whole number of from
1 to 4,
b) an alkenylene radical of the general formula:-
~304369
--6~
C = C /
(C 2)n (CH2)n~
in which R4 and R5, which can be the ~ame or different,are hydrogen atoms or alkyl or alkenyl radical~ and n
iq a whole number of from 1 to 4;
c) an azaalkylene radical of the general formula:-
: l6
-(CH2)n~N-(CH2)n
in which R6 i~ a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, alkoxy-
carbonyl or acyl radical and n i8 a whole number of
from 2 to 4;
`10 d) an oxaalkylene radical of the general formula:-
-(CH23n-0-(CH2)n
in which n i8 a whole number of from 2 to 4;
e) an epoxyalkylene radical of the fonmula:-
-CH2- CH - C~- CH2
f) an o-phenylene radical of the general formula:~
X~,Y
--H2C CH2--
g) a peri-naphthylene radical of the general formula:-
1304369
X~Y
-H2C CH2-
. h) a 2~3-quinoxalinene radical of the general formula:-
X~Y
~. '
N ~
--H2C CH2--
in which, in formulae f) to h~, the symbols X and Y,
which can be the same or different, are hydrogen atoms
or alkyl or alkoxy radicals,
and wherein Rl and R2, which can be the same or different,
are hydrogen or halogen atoms or alkyl, alkoxy, alkoyl,
cyclohexyl, phenyl, alkylphenyl, alkoxyphenyl, halo-
phenyl, thienyl or furyl radicals, the alkyl moieties
in the said radicals containing up to 6 carbon atom~
and being straight-chained or branched, and A ~ is the
- anion of a mono- to tribasic mineral acid, by
a) demethylation of tropine to give nortropine,
~304369
b) reaction of nortropine with a dihalide to give
` the corre~ponding azonia compound and
`. c~ e~terification of the azonia compound,
wherein
S A) the demethylation of tropine of the formula:
~ H3C\
~` \\
' ~ (II)
' ~ OH
is carried out either by working in a Cl-C3-chloro- -
: alkane which contain~ at lea~t one trichloromethyl
radical in the presence of an oxidation agent in ba~ic
10 aqueou~ solution or the tropine i9 reacted wqth a
!. chlorofonmic acid e~ter in an inert ~olvent in the
pre~ence of an acid-binding agent to give an 8-alkoxy-
carbonylnortropine and thi~ i8 hydroly-~ed with a ba~e
in aqueous ~olution,
15 B) the nortropine thu~ obtained of the formula:-
H~
s ~\
OH
i~ reacted at ambient temperature for 1 or more day~
in a dipolar aprotic ~olvent with a compound of the
general formula:-
~304369
A - R - A
in which A and R have the above-given meaning-~, in the
presence of a secondary or tertiary amine and
C) the compound thus obtained of the general formula:-
R -~ A
~ N ~
: 5 I ~IV)
H
OH
in which R and A ~ have the above-given meaning~, i5
e~terified in an anhydrou~, dipolar, aprotic solvent
with an imidazolide of the general formula:-
~ 0~
j N - C - C - R2 (V)
~/ 11 1
O Rl
in which Rl and R~ have the above-given meanings, in
the pr~sence of a catalyst.
In the above-defined radical~, n can be the same
or different, the radicals n preferably being ~o
~elected that there is a 5- or 6-membered ring.
The anion A ~ iq preferably a halide ion, such
aq a chloride, bromide or iodide ion, or a phosphate,
sulphate or nitrate ion.
~304369
--10--
Preferred examples of the radical R include the
following:
2 4 (CH2)2 CH-(CH2)2- , -CH2-CH=CH-CH2 ,
CH3
2 , H2 ~ (CH2)2-N-(cH2)2- and -(cH2)2-o-(cH ) -
CH H or -COCH3
H3C-C
CH3
Within the ~cope of the present invention, the
alkyl radical~, including those present in alkoxy, acyl,
alkyl~mino and the like radicals, can be straight-
chained or branched and contain up to 18 carbon atom~
and preferably up to 6 and more preferably up to 4
carbon atoms. Specific examples of 3uch radicals
include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl,
hexyl, lauryl and stearyl radicals.
Preferred acyl radicals include the acetyl and
benzoyl radicals.
D) When the radical R contains one or more olefinic
double bond~ in the azonium ring after passing through
steps B and/or C, these unsaturated compounds can be
hydrogenated in a polar ~olvent with the help of a noble
metal catalyst to give the corresponding saturated
compounds, compounds of general formula ~I) then being
obtained in which R i8 a radical a) as defined above.
1304369
Step A.
mis process ~tep makes possible the demethyl-
ation even on a technical scale and gives nortropine
in considerably higher yield~ in com~arison with the
prior art. Two proces~ variant~ can thereby be used,
namely, oxidative demethylation or the carbamate method.
The advantages of the oxidative method depend upon
the use of a Cl-C3-chloroalkane containing at least one
trichloromethyl radical which i~ finely dispersed in
the aquéou~ phase. Examples of chloroalkane,s which can
be u~ed include, for example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane,
l,l,l-trichloropropane and preferably chloroform. The
amount of chloroalkane used is in the range of from
1 - 10% by volume, preferably from 1 to 5% by volume
and mo~t preferably from 2 to 4% by volume.
For the demethylation, there can be employed any
oxidation agent normally u3ed for thi~ purpose,
pota~sium ferricyanide being preferred.
The proce~ can be carried out in a wide temper-
20 ature range, for example of from 0 to 100C. but it i8
preferred to work at a temperature of from 20 to 30 C.
When the reaction is finished, the product is extracted
in counter-current, preferably with the ~olvent used
for the demethylation.
The oxidative method result~ in a con-~iderable
saving of time in comparison with the known methods,
which additionally improves the economy of the process
`` 1304369
according to the present invention.
However, it i~ preferred to use the carbamate
method. For this pu~pose, tropine is reacted in an
inert solvent with a 4 to 6 fold excess of a chloro-
S formic acid ester and generally with ethyl chloro-
formate. As solvent, there is thereby preferably used
a chlorinated hydrocarbon, especially chloroform. The
reaction i8 carried out in the presence of an acid-
binding agent, preferably of an alkali metal carbonate
or bica~bonate. Working is carried out at an elevated
temperature, preferably in the range of from 40 to 80C.
After sub~tantial di~tilling off of the solvent,
the 8-alkoxycarbonylnortropine thus obtained i8
hydrolysed with a base in aqueous ~olution. As ba~e,
there ~ preferably used potas~ium or sodium hydroxide,
preferably in 16 to 20 fold exces~.
The nortropine i8 extracted from the aqueou~
reaction mixture in the manner described above for the
oxidation demethylation.
According to step A, nortropine can be obtained
in almost quantitative yield, especially according to
the carbamate method.
Step B.
The crude nortropine obtained in step A can be
u~ed in step B without further purification, in contra-
distinction to the prior art which requires 48 hours of
continuous extraction and crystallisation from diethyl
`-` 130436~
-13~
ether. We have, surpri~ingly, found that the tropine
~till present in the crude nortropine as impurity i 9
not quaterni~ed under the reaction condition~ of
step B.
Solvents which can be used for quaternising the
nortropine include, for example, ~,N-dimethylformamide,
chloroform or chloroform/acetonitrile. With dihalides
in the pre~ence of secondary or tertiary amine~, after
a reaction period of one or more day~ at ambient temp-
erature,. the corresponding azonia~piro compound~ are
obtained in pure form and with high yields. It i8
preferred to work in anhydrou~ solution, u~ing nor-
tropine, amine and dihalide in a mole ratio of 1:2:4.
AA already mentioned, the product obtained in good
yield iB of high purity 80 that a further purification
is not necessary.
Secondary amines which can be used for this
reaction include, for example, dimethylamine, diethyl-
amine, diisopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine and the like.
Examples of tertiary amines which can be used include
trimethyl~ine, triethylamine, pyridine, quinoline and
the like. The use of diethylamine iR preferred.
Ste~ C.
Not only the azonia~piro compounds obtained from
step B but also the carboxylic acid imidazolides are
generally of low solubility in the anhydrous, dipolar,
aprotic ~olvent~ usually employed for such a reaction,
1304369
for example acetone, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide,
tetrahydrofuran and the like. If it is endeavoured to
overcome the problems therewith involved by increasing
the reaction temperature, then the products resulting
therefrom are contaminated with a high proportion of
by-products. In particular, carboxylic acid imidazol-
ides which have an unprotected hydroxyl group react
with themselves at an elevated temperature.
Surprisingly, we have now found that the reaction
of a co~pound of general formula (I~) with a carboxylic
acid imidazolide of general formula (V) can be carried
out in the presence of an appropriate catalyst even in
the above-mentioned anhydrous, dipolar, aprotic solvents
by reacting the reaction components in suspension. The
advantage of thic proces~ i~ that the free hydroxyl
group~ of the carboxylic acid imidazolides do not have
to be protected and that the reaction product precipit-
ates from the above-mentioned solvents and, therefore,
can be isolated in a simple manner. The reaction product
is not, as was to have been expected, contaminated by a
reactant introduced into the reaction in solid form.
Furthermore, the reaction takes place under such mild
conditions that no fragmentation and elimination
reactions attributable to the pre~ence of the quaternary
ammonium group take place. Consequently, no corre~pond-
ing by-products can be formed.
1~04369
-15-
4-(Dimethylamino)-pyridine has proved to be the
moAt advantageous catalyst for this process. This
compound can be u~ed in amounts of from 1 to 30 mole %
and preferably of from 5 to 10 mole %~ referred to the
benzilic acid imidazolide.
A~ solvents, there can be used the above-
mentioned anhydrous, dipolar, aprotic solvent~. me
- reaction is carried out at an elevated temperature and
preferably at a temperature of from 60 to 80C.
T~e preparation of the carboxylic acid imidazolides
used in this reaction takes place in known manner by
reacting N,N-carbonyldiimidazole with the appropriate
carboxylic acids in dry dichlorometh~ne.
Step D.
Since, in the case of the quaterni-~ation accord-
ing to ~tep B) with the dihalides ~ubstituted on the
double bond, for example with cis-1,4-dichlorobutene,
- a much greater speed of reaction i~ achieved, for
example from 18 days to 1 hour, it can be advantageous
for the preparation of compounds of general formula (I~,
in which R has the meaning of a radical ~uch as a), for
example a benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-
pyrrolidinium salt, to choose the route via the corres-
ponding unsaturated compounds with subsequent catalytic
hydrogenation either after pa~sing through step B) or
steps B~ and C).
~304369
-16-
The hydrogenation of the un~aturated compounds
; i9 carried out in a polar solvent, ~uch as water or
an alcohol containing up to 4 carbon atoms, preferably
methanol, in the presence of a noble metal catalyst,
s-~ch as platinium dioxide or palladium on active
charcoal.
In the case of using an unsaturated halide, in
carrying out the quaternisation there is used a con-
siderably smaller excess of dihalide. The mole ratio
of nortropine, amine and dihalide previously stated to
be preferably 1:2:4 in step B) can then be changed to
1:2:2.
m e present invention also provides new azonia-
spironortropanol esters of the general formula:
R
~A ~
~ ~ (I)
O
~I 1 2
Rl
wherein R, Rl, R2 and A ~ have the same meanings as
indicated above, but excluding the following compounds:
azoniaspiro-[3-phenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8,1'-
pyrrolidine] chloride,
13~4369
-17-
azoniaspiro-[3~-diphenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8
pyrrolidine] chloride,
3-phenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8 spiroi 80i ndolinium
chloride,
3-diphenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8-spiroi~oindolinium
chloride,
3-phenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8-spiro-4'-morpholinium
chloride,
3a-diphenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8-spiro-4'-
morpholi'nium chloride,azoniaspiro-[3a-cyclohexylphenylglycoloylnortropan-
8,1'-pyrrolidine] chloride,
azoniaspiro-[3a-phenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8,1'-
piperidine] chloride and
azoniaspiro-[3a-diphenylglycoloyloxynortropan-8,1'-
piperidine~ chloride.
These compounds possess outstanding spasmolytic
properties.
In addition, the present invention provides
pharmaceutical compositions containing at least one of
the compounds according to the present invention,
optionally in admixture with pharmaceutically-acceptable
carriers and/or adjuvants.
According to the present invention, there is also
provided the use of the azoniaspironortropanol esters
defined above, including those which are known as asthma,
asthma therapeutics or broncholytics.
1304369
-17a-
The following Examples are given for the purpose
of illustrating the present invention:-
Example 1.
3-Benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium
chloride.
~04~69
-18-
Ste~ A:
Demethvlation of tropine to nortroPine.
In a 300 litre stirrer vessel equipped with a
reflux condenser, 1.9 kg. tropine (97%, corresponding
to 1.843 kg. of pure compound, equal to 13 mole) are
dissolved in 240 litres chloroform and 5.7 kg. sodium
hydrogen carbonate powder and 5.3 litres ethyl chloro-
formate (98%, corresponding to 6.0 kg. and to 55.7 mole)
are stirred in. The reaction mixture is heated to the
boil and then heated under reflux for a further 2 hour~.
The progress of the reaction is monitored by means of
thin layer chromatography (Yilica gel 60, dimethyl- - -
formamide/diethylamine/ethanol/ethyl acetate 5:10:30:60
v/v/v/v). The reaction mixture is filtered while hot
and the chloroform is di~tilled off. A solution of
18 kg. 8~% potassium hydroxide in 90 litre3 water is
added to the residue. The reaction mixture is heated
to the boil and then heated under reflux for a further
9 hours. The cooled solution i~ then extracted with
chloroform using a Xarr column. Extraction conditions:
the "stationary~ phase i9 the light phase (aqueous
potassium hydroxide solution) which is conveyed at a
rate of about 14 litres/hour. The dispersed phase is
the heavy chloroform phase which is conveyed at a rate
of about 35 to 50 litres/hour. Shaking frequency:
200 stroke3/minute, temperature 26 to 28C.
1304369
--19--
In this way, the nortropine formed is extracted
from the aqueous potassium hydroxide solution in
almost quantitative yield. After stripping off the
solvent, the crude product obtained is used in the
5 following step B) without further purification. There
B is obtained 1.876 kg. nortropine with a content of 87%
(high pressure liquid chromatography: ~-Bondapack C18-
column, elution agent: methanol/water 1:9 v/v with
PIC-B7). This corresponds to 1.632 kg. of pure tropine
10 and to a yield of 9~%.
Ste~ B.
3a-Hvdroxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium chloride.
The composition of the reaction mixture must be
referred to pure nortropine and the mole ratio of
15 nortropine:diethylamine:l,4-dichlorobutane must be
exactly 1:2:4.
The crude nortropine obtained in step A) (1.186 kg.,
corresponding to 1.632 kg. of pure substance and to
12.85 mole) is dissolved in 52 litres N,~-dimethyl-
fonmamide and 2.665 litres (1.876 kg., 25.7 mole)
diethylamine and 5.736 litres ~6.528 kg., 5.14 mole)
1,4-dichlorobutane added thereto. The reaction mixture
is left to stand for 18 days at ambient temperature.
The cr~stals which qeparate out are filtered off with
suction, washed with a little dry acetonitrile and
dried at 50C. in a vacuum drying cabinet. There are
obtained 2.25 kg. (80%, referred to the amount of
l rad~ ~qr/~
1304369
-20-
tropine used in the first step) of pure product,
m.p. 250C.
Ste~ C.
3-Benzilovloxvnortropane-8-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium
chloride (trospium chloride~.
a) Benzilic acid imidazolide.
1.944 kg. (12 mole) ~,~-carbonyldiimidazole are
dissolved in 19.2 litres dry dichloromethane with the
exclusion of moisture. 2.736 kg. (12 mole) dry benzilic
acid are added thereto, while stirring, at 15 to 20C.
in the course of 6 minute3, whereafter the reaction
mixture i8 stirre~ for 1 hour at ambient temperature.
The benzilic acid thereby first goes into ~olution but
soon afterwards the benzilic acid imidazolide begins
lS to separate out in solid form. It i~ filtered off with
suction and washed with 0.8 litre~ dry dichloromethane.
There are obtained 2.4 kg. benzilic acid imidazolide.
b) PreDaration of the title compound.
In a 300 litre stirrer vessel, 1.3 kg. of the
compound obtained in step B) are suspended in 230 litres
anhydrouR acetonitrile and heated to 78C. A ~olution
of 74.0 g. 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine in 2 litres
anhydrous acetonitrile is added thereto. A suspension
of 2.086 kg. benzilic acid imidazolide in 9.0 litres
anhydrou~ acetonitrile is then added thereto in three
portions at intervals of 30 minutes at 78 C. The
reaction mixture is sub~equently stirred at 78CC. until
1304369
there is achieved a total reaction time of 4 hour~
after the first addition of benzilic acid imidazolide.
The reaction mixture i~ then cooled to 20C. and
further stirred overnight. The qu~pen~ion formed i8
filtered off with suction and washed with some aceto-
nitrile. The residue, a~ well a~ further product
obtained by concentration of the mother liquor (total
2.14 kg.), are recrystalli~ed from i~opropanol. There
i~ obtained 1.78 kg. ~70%) of pure product, m.p.
258 - 263C. (decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e = 392 (molecule cation~
IR ~KBr): r = 3150, 1735, 1498, 1452, 747.
Example 2.
3a-BenzilovloxYnortropane-8-~piro-1'-(3'-Pvrrolidinium).
Ste~ B.
3-Kydroxynortropane-8-s~iro~ 3'-pyrrolidinium~
chloride.
1.05 ml. (10 mMole) diethylamine and 1.05 ml.
(10 mMole) cis-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene are stirred into a
solution of 635 mg. (5 mMole) nortropine in 9.5 ml. ~,N-
dimethylformamide. After 1 hour, the pure cry~talline
product i8 filtered off with suction. The mother liquor
is mixed with ethyl acetate until the commencement of
turbidity in order to obtain further product. The
crystal~ are filtered off with suction and washed with
a little acetone. Yield 984 mg. (91% of theory),
m.p. 204C,
1304369
-22-
FD-MS: m/e = 180 (molecule cation)
IR (KBr): Y = 3250, 1621 cm
H-~MR (90 MHz, D20, ~-values referred to TSP-0):
~ = 1,7-2.7 (8H H-2, H-4, H-6, H-7) 3.92 (2H;
H-l, H-5): 4.05 (lH; H-3); 4~14 and 4.31 ~each
2H; H-2' and H-5') 5.90 (2H; J-3', H-4').
Ste~ C.
3-Benziloyloxvnortropane-8-spiro-1'-(3'-pyrrolinium)
chloride.
530 mg. (2.4 mMole) 3a-hydroxynortropane-8-spiro-
1'-(3'-pyrrolinium) chloride are ~uspended in 353 ml.
anhydrous acetone and stirred in an autoclave for 23
hour~ at 70C. with 14 mg. (0.12 mMole) 4-dimethylamino-
pyridine and 678 mg. (2.4 mMole~ benzilic acid
imidazolide. Upon cooling to ambient temperature, the
product crystallises out of the reaction mixture. It
is filtered off with suctlon and wa~hed wlth a little
acetone. Yield 650 mg. (6~ of theory), m.p. 267C.
FD-MS: m/e = 390 (molecule cation)
20 IR (KBr): r = 1722, 1595, 1490, 1445, 741 cm
H-NMR (90 MHz, D20, ~-values referred to TSP=0):
~= 1.3-2.8 (8H; H-2, H-4, H-6, H-7) 3.85 (2H,
H-l, H-5), 4.09 and 4.37 (each 2H; H-2' and
H-5'), 5.24 (lH; H-3); 5.95 (2H; H-3', H-4');
7.44 (lOH aromatic protons of the benzilic
acid).
`~ 130~369
Step D.
Conversion of 3a-benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-
(3'-pyrrolinium) chloride into 3a-be_ziloyloxYnor-
tropane-8-~piro-1'-pyrrolidinium chlo ide.
500 mg. 3a-benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-(3'-
pyrrolinium~ chloride are dissolved in 15 ml. methanol
and, after the addition of a spatula tip of platinum
dioxide, hydrogenated at normal pressure and at a
temperature of 25C. up to the end of the hydrogen take-
up. Thé hydrogenation i carried out in a standard
apparatus, such as is illustrated, for example, in
Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, 4th
edition, Vol. IV/lc, pub. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart,
~ew York, 1980, pp. 33-39. After filtering off the
cataly~t, the filtrate i~ evaporated to dryness in a
vacuum~ According to H-~MR ~pectroscopy, the reaction
is quantitative. Crystalli~ation i~ carried out a~
described in Example 1, Step C.
Example 3.
3-Benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-2~-isoindolinium
chloride.
1) 3a-H~drox~nortro~ane-8-sPiro-2'-isoindolinium
chloride.
1.27 g. (10 mMole3 nortropine are di~solved in
25 7 ml. chloroform and mixed with 1.46 g. (20 mMole)
diethylamine and 4 g. (40 mMole) 1,2-bi~-(chloromethyl)-
benzene. The clear reaction ~olution is left to ~tand
1304369
-24-
for 24 hours at ambient temperature in a closed vessel.
It is then concentrated to one half and mixed with
ethyl acetate in order to initiate crystallisation.
The cry~tals are filtered off with ~uction and re-
crystallised fr~m i~opropanol/ethyl acetate. Yield1 g. (3~% of theory); m.p. 245 - 247C.
FD-MS: m/e = 230 (molecule cation)
IR (~Br): r = 3168, 757, 742 cm 1,
~-NMR (250 MHz, D20, ~ -values referred to TSP=0):
~ = 2.09 (2H, H-6a, H~7a), 2.40-2.67 (4H; H-2, H-4),
2.59 (2H; H-6b, H-7b); 4.03 (2H; H-l, H-5);
4.24 (lH, H-3); 4.82 and 4.99 (4H; H-l' and
H-3'), 7.47 (4H: H-4' to H-7').
2) 3a-Benziloyloxynortropane-8-~iro-2'-i~oindolinium
chlori_ .
1.33 g. (5 mMole) 3-hydroxynortropane-8-spiro-
l'-i~oindolinium chloride i8 suspended in 210 ml.
anhydrou~ acetonitrile and heated to 78C. While
~tirring, there are first introduced 62 mg. (0.5 mMole)
4-dimethylaminopyridine and then, wnthin the course of
2.5 hours, portionwise 3.2 g. (11.5 mMole) benzilic
acid imidazolide. The reaction mixture is further
~tirred for 5.5 hours at 78C., then cooled to 22~.
and further stirred overnight. The ~olution is con-
centrated to one quarter of its volume and the productcaused to cry~talli~e by the addition of ethyl acetate.
Yield 1.3 g. (54% of theory), m.p. 263 - 265C.
1304369
-25-
FD-MS: m/e = 440 (molecule cation).
IR (KBr): y = 1740, 757, 745, 703 cm
H-NM~ (250 MHz, D20, ~-values referred to TSP=0):
~ = 1,57 (2H; H-6a, H-7a); 2.03 (2H, H-2a, H-4a);
2.07 (2H; H-6b, H-7b), 2.70 (2H, H-2b, H-4b),
3.86 (2H; H-l, H-5); 4.69 amd 4.96 (4H; H-l'-
and H-3'); 5.32 (lH; H~3), 7.40 - 7.51 (14H;
H-4' to H-7' and aromatic protons of the
benzilic acid).
Example 4.
3-Benzilo~y~ynortro~ane-8-splro-4'-morpholinium
chloride.
1) 3a-Hydroxynortropane-8-sPiro-4'-morpholinium
chloride.
11.8 ml. (113.2 mMole) diethylamine and 26.6 ml.
(226.5 mMole) 2,2'-d-chlorodiethyl ether are stirred
into a solution of 7.2 g. (56.6 mMole) nortropine and
70 ml. chloroform. The clear reaction solution is left
to stand for 3 days at am~ient temperature in a closed
vessel. The oil-cr,vstal mixture which separates out is
homogenised and crystalli~ed through overnight at 0 C.
The crystals are filtered off with suction, washed with
a little chloroform and dried under a vacuum at 40C.
for 2 hours. Additional ~ubstance is obtained by
evaporating the mother liquor and treating with ethyl
acetate. Yield 12.5 g. (95% of theory); m.p. 274 -
276C. (decomp.).
1304369
-26-
FD-MS: m/e = 198 (molecule cation).
I~ (XBr): y = 3320, 892 cm
N-~MR (250 MHz, D20, a~ -values referred to TSP=0):
~ = 2.00 (2H H-6a, H-7a) 2.22-2.62 (6H H-2, H-4,
H-6b, H-7b), 3.50 and 3.65 (4H, H-2' and H-6'),
4,01 and 4.08 (4H, H-2' and H-6') 4.18 (lH:
H03) 4.22 (2H, H-l and H-5).
2) 3~-BenziloxvloxynortroRane-8-spiro-4-morpholinium
chloride.
7:5 g. (32 mMole) 3-hydroxynortropane-B-spiro-
4'-morpholinium chloride are su~pended in 650 ml.
anhydrous acetonitrile and mixed with 0.587 g. (4.8
mMole) 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine. 26 g. (92.8 mMole)
benzilic acid imidazolide are added portionwq~e at 79C.
within the course of 3 hours. The reaction mixture i9
left to ~tand for 7 days at ambient temperature and
the pure cry~talline product i8 then filtered off with
suction. The cry~tals obtained are dried under vacuum
for 2 hours at 40C.; yield 8.4 g. (60% of theory),
m.p. 225C. (decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e = 408 (molecule cation).
IR (KBr): y = 3410, 3183, 1731, 1492, 703 cm
H-NMR (250 MHz, D20, ~- value~ referred to TSP=0):
~ = 1.51 (2H H-6a, H-7a) 2.00 (4H H-2a, H-4a,
H-6b, H-7b) 2.63 (2H H-2b, H-4b), 3.38 and
3064 (4H H-2' and H-6'), 3.99 and 4.04 (4H
H-3' and H-S') 4.09 (2H H-l, H-5), 5.30
1304369
-27-
tlH, H-3~; 7.46 (lOH, aromatic protons of the
benzilic acid).
Example 5.
3a-Benziloxyoxynortropane-8-spiro-l~-pyrrolidin
r 3',4'-blquinoxalinium bromide.
1) 3a-HvdroxynortroPan-8-sPiro~ ~yrrolidino-
r 3',4'-bl~uinoxalinium bromide.
- 4.58 g. (43.6 mMole) diethylamine and 13.85 g.
~43.6 mMole~ 2,3-bis-(bromoethyl)-quinoxaline are
stirred.into a solution of 5.57 g. (43.6 ~Mole~ nor-
tropine and 100 ml. chloroform. The reaction mixture,
which has become warm, is cooled to 20C., the product
thereby precipitating out in crystalline form. It is
filtered off with suction, washed with chloroform and
dried in a vacuum for 22 hours at 55C. Yield 11.1 g.
(71% of theory); m.p. 283C. (decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e = 282 (molecule cation).
IR (KB~): r = 3345, 1504, 773 cm 1,
lH-~MR (250 MHz, D20, ~-value~ referred to TS~=0):
~ = 2.21; (2~,H-6a, H-7a), 2.53 - 2.89 (6H; H-2, H-4,
H-6b, H-7b); 4.29 (2H, H-l and H-5); 4.31 (lH;
H-3); 5.21 and 5.41 (each 2~; H-2' and H-5');
7.94 - 8.05 (2H; quinoxaline o-protons); 8.11 -
8.22 ~2H; quinoxaline m-protonq).
2~ 3a-Benzilovloxvnortropane-8-spiro-l'-~yrrolidin
- r 3',4'-blquinoxalinium bromide.
5 g. (1.3g mMole) 3-hydroxynortropane-8-spiro-
\
~304369
-28-
l'-pyrrolidino[3',4'-b]-quinoxalinium bromide are sus-
pended in 130 ml. dried dimethyl -qulphoxide and 100 ml.
dry acetonitrile. After the addition of 0.26 g. (2.09
mMole) 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the reaction mixture
S is heated to 78 C. While stirring vigorously, 7.74 g.
(27.8 mMole) benzilic acid imidazolide are added in 3
portions at intervals of 30 minutes. The reaction
mixture i~ further stirred for 2.5 hour~ at 78C. and
is then cooled to 20C. and filtered. The filter
residue is discarded. The filtrate is evaporated to
dryness at about 0.2 mbar pressure. The residue is
extracted with 500 ml. boiling isopropanol and filtered
hot. The filter re~idue is discarded. The filtrate is
concentrated to 200 ml. The product crystallises out
after standing overnight at ambient temperature. It
i3 filtered off with suction, wa~hed with cold iso-
propanol and dried in a vacuum for 2 hour~ at 55 C.
Yield 3.5 g. (44% of theory), m.p. 205C. (decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e = 492 (molecule cat~on).
IR (KBr): Y = 3375, 1730, 1504, 763 cm
H-NMR (250 MHz, CDC13/CD30D = 3:1 v/v, ~-values
referred to TMS=0):
= 1.78 (2H H-6a, H-7a), 2.08 (2H, H-2a, H-4a),
2.20 (2H, H-6b, H-7b), 2.85 (2H, H~2b, H-4b),
4.23 (2H; H-l, H-5), 4.62 (4H, H-2', H-5'),
5.35 (lH H-3); 7.30-7.48 (lOH, benzilic acid
protons) 7.84-7.97 (2H, quinoxaline o-protons),
;
1304369
-29-
8.07-8.22 (2H quinoxaline m-protons).
ExamE~le 6.
3a-Benzilovloxynortropane-8-spiro-2'-(2'-aza-3H-
phenolenium~ b omide.
1) 1.33 ml. (12.7 mMole) diethylamine and 4 g.
(12.7 mMole~ 1,8-bis-(bromoethyl)-naphthalene are
stirred into a solution of 1.62 y. (12.7 mMole) nor-
tropine and 75 ml. N,N-dimethylformamide. From the
reaction mixture, which has become ~lightly warm, the
product'cry~tallises out within 2 hour~. It is
filtered off with ~uction, washed with a little N,~-
diemthylformamide and dried in a vacuum at 55C. for
2 hours. Yield 3.5 g. (76% of theory); m.p. 330C.
(decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e = 280 (molecule cation):
IR (KBr): y = 3410, 1604, 1512 cm
H-NMR (250 MHz, CDC13/CD30D = 3:1 v/v, ~-values
referred to TMS=0):
~ = 2.02 (2H: H-6a, H-7a), 2.39-2.85 t6H, H-2, H-4,
H-6b, H-7b); 3.92 (2H, H-l, H-5), 4.28 (lH, H-3);
S.01 and 5.16 (4H; H-l' and H-3'), 7.51-7.64
(4H; H-5', H-6', H-7', H-8'), 7.93 (2H, H-4',
H-9')-
2) 3-BenziloxyoxYnortropane-8-~piro-2'-(2'-aza-3H-
phenolenium)-bromide
.
2.95 g. (8.2 mMole) 3a-hydroxynortropane-8-spiro-
2'-(2'-aza-3H-phenolenium) bromide are suspended in
1304369
-30-
1660 ml. dry acetonitrile and 160 ml. dry N,N-dimethyl-
formamide. After the addition of 152 mg. ~1.2 mMole)
4-dimethylaminopyridine, the reaction mixture i~
heated to 78C. 4.56 g. 116.4 mMole) benzilic acid
imidazolide are added in three portions with vigorou~
stirring at intervals of 30 minutes. The reaction
mixture is then stirred for 2.5 hours at 78C. and the
- reaction mixture thereafter evaporated to one half.
The precipitated crude product i~ filtered off wnth
suction'at 20C. and susp~nded in methanol. ~he
material which is insoluble in methanol is filtered
off and di~carded. The filtrate is concentrated until
the cry~tallisation of the product commence~. After
crystalli~ation overnight at ambient temperature, the
product i~ filtered off with suction and dried in a
vacuum for 2 hours at 55C. Yield 2.1 g. (42~ of
theory); m.p. 322C. ~decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e 490 (molecule cation).
IR (KBr3: y = 3428, 3240, 1738, 1603, 1497 cm
H-NMR (250 MHz, C~C13/CD30D = 3:1 v/v. ~-value~
referred to TMS=O):
~ = 1.75 (2H; H-6a, H-7a); 1.94 (2H; H-2a, H-4a),
; 2.20 (2H H-6b, H-7b) 2.80 (2H H-2D, H-4b),
3.85 (2H H-l, H 5), 4.93 and 5 19 (each 2H:
H-l' and H-3'); 5.45 (lH, H-3): 7.31-7.46 (lOH;
benzilic acid proton) 7.47-7.67 (4H H-5', H-6',
H-7', H-8'), 7.93 (2H, H.4', H-9').
~304369
Example 7.
3-Benziloyloxvnortropane-8-qpiro-1'-(4'-methvl)-
piperidinium chloride.
1~ 3a-HYdro~ynortroPane-8-~piro-1'-~4'-methYl)-
piperidinium chloride.
7.62 g. (0.06 mole) Nortropine are dis~olved in
200 ml. anhydrous N,~-dimethylfcrmamide. After stirring
in 8.76 g. (0.12 mole) diethylamine and 37.18 ~. (0.24
mole) 1,5-dichloro-3-methylpentane, the reaction mixture
i~ left to Atand for 18 day~ at ambient temperature in
a clo~ed ve~el. The cry~tal~ which separate out are
filtered off with suction, washed with a little dry
acetonitrile and dried in a vacuum drying cabinet at
50C. There are obtained 7.84 g. (53% of theory) of
pure product, m.p. 290C. (decomp.).
FD-MS: m/e = 210 (molecule cation).
IR (KBr): y = 3190 cm
H-NMR (250 MHz, D20, ~'-value~ in ppm, referred to
TSP=O):
~ = 1.01 (m, 3H; CH3); 1.37-2.02 tm; 7H H-6a, H-7a,
H-3', H-4', H-5'); 2.20-2.52 (m; 5H H-2a, H-4a,
H-6b, H-7b, OH~, 2.60 and 2.67 (2 x t, 2H H-2b
and H-4b); 3.10, 3.20, 3.63 and 3.74 (4 x m;
4H; H-2' and H-6') 3.76 and 4.24 (2 x m; 2H;
H-l and H-5), 4.19 (t; lH; H-3).
2) 3-benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-(4'-methyl)-
piperidinium chloride.
1304369
-32-
7.37 g. (30 mMole) 3a-Hydroxynortropane-8-spiro-
1'-(4'-methyl)-piperidinium chloride are suspended in
650 ml. anhydrous acetonitrile and heated to 78C.,
while stirring. At this temperature, there are fir~t
stirred in 587 mg. (4~8 mMole) 4-(dimethylamino)-
pyridine and then, in the cour~e of 2 hours, 13.35 g.
(48 mMole) benzilic acid imidazolide in 4 approximately
equal portions. Stirring is continued for 1.5 hours at
78C. and then the reaction mixture i~ allowed to cool
overnight at ambient temperature, without ~tirring.
The crystalline product is filtered off with suction
and washed with a little acetone. The crude crystallis-
ate is recrystallised from dry isopropanol. The pure
cry~tals are dried in a vacuum for 2 hours at 40C.
15 Yield 9.56 g. (70% of theory) as a 1:1 mixed crystallis-
ate with isopropanol; m.p. 256 - 259C.
FD-MS: m/e = 420 (molecule cation).
s~ ~Br~ 135 crl~ I
H-NMR (250 MHz, D20, ~-values in ppm, referred to
TSP=0):
~= 0.98 (m; 3H: CH3), 1.30-1.65 (m; 4H; H-6a, H-7a,
H-3'a, H-5'a); 1.65-2.03 (m: 7H; H-2a, H-4a, H-6b,
H-7b, H-3'b, H-4', H-5'b), 2.52 and 2.72 (m 2H;
H-2b, H-4b): 3.02, 3.19, 3.47, 3.72 (t, t; d; 4H;
H-2' and H-6'); 3.62 and 4.10 (m, m; 2H, H-l and
H-5), 5.30 (t; lH; H-3); 7.40-7.40 (m; lOH,
aromatic protons).
1~04369
Example 8.
3a-(4,4'-Difluorobenziloyloxy)-nortropane-8-spiro-
l'-pYrrolidinium chloride.
2.17 g. (0.01 mole) 3a-hydroxynortropane-8-~piro-
l-pyrrolidinium chloride are dissolved with 2.02 g.
(0.01 mole) sodium heptane-l-sulphonate, with warming,
in 500 ml. anhydrous acetonitrile. After cooling to
25 to 27C., the sodium chloride precipitate is filtered
off with suction with the exclusion of moi~ture. The
solutio~ is mixed with 0.125 g. 4-(dimethylamino)-
pyridine and tran~ferred to a reaction vessel which is
connected to a stirrer vessel in which 4,4'-difluoro-
benzilic acid imidazolide is prepared~ This stirrer
vesqel i~ equipped with two dropping funnels. In one
dropping funnel, there are placed 2.64 g. (0.01 mole)
4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid (preparation analogous to
the de~cription in Federal Republic of Germany Patent
Specification ~o. 20 34 943), dissolved in 100 ml.
anhydrous acetonitrile. In the other dropping funnel
there is placed a solution of 2.43 g. (0.015 mole) N,N-
carbonyldiimidazole in 150 ml. anhydrou~ acetonitrile.
From each of the two ~olutions, about one quarter of
the volume is run in simultaneously, while stirring,
into the stirrer vessel, the mixture is then ~tirred
for 15 minutes and the resultant imidazolide ~olution
tran ferred, with the strict exclusion of moisture,
into the reaction vessel in which the solution of 3-
1304369
-34-
hydroxynortropane-8-~piro-1'-pyrrolidinium heptane-
sulphonate iq stirred at ambient temperature. This
procedure is repeated three time~ until all the
reactants have been combined. The reaction mixture
is then boiled under reflux for 2 hourq and subsequently
cooled overnight to ambient temperature. The reaction
mixture is then evaporated to dryness in a rotary
evaporator under vacuum. The residue is purified
chromatographically over a silica gel column (silica
gel 60,'0.063 - 0.200 mm., Merck ~o. 7734), the mobile
phase being 1,2-dichloroethane:acetic acid:methanol:
water 57:23:13:7 v/v~v/v). Yield 870 mg. (14% of
theory) 3a-(4,4'-difluorobenziloyloxy)-nortropane-8-
spiro-l'-pyrrolidinium heptanesulphonate. After passage
over a column packed with a strongly basic ion exchanger
in the chloride form ~Lewatit MP 500), there i~ obtained
the title compound. The crude product i-q recrystallised
from isopropanol, washed with ethyl acetate and dried in
a vacuum under vacuum at 40 C. to constant weight. Yield
470 mg. as 1:1 mixed crystallisate with isopropanol
m.p. 242 - 245C.
FD-MS: m/e = 428 (molecule cation)
IR (~Br): r = 1508, 1603, 1733 cm
lH-NMR ~250 MHz, D20, ~-values in ppm, referred to
TSP= 0):
~`= 1.44-1.67 (m 2H, H-6a, H-7a): 2.00-2.20 (m, 8H,
H-2a, H-4a, H-6b, H-7b, H-3', H-4'), 2.57 and
~304~69
-35-
2.64 (2 x m; 2H, H-2b and H-4b); 3.38 and 3.60
(2 x m 4H; H-2', H-5'): 3.73 (m; 2H, H-l, H-5):
5.27 (t lH, H-3) 7.19 and 7.42 (2 x m 8H
aromatic protons).
Example 9.
3a-(4,4'-DimethYlbenziloyloxY~-nor trole~ne-8-~piro-
1 ' -Pvrrolidinium chloride.
The procedure i~ as in Example 8 but instead of
4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid there is u~ed 4,4'-dimethyl-
benzilic' acid a~ ~tarting material (preparation
analogou~ to J.G. Cannon, J. Org. Chem., 25, 959-962/
1960~. Yield 1.68 g.: m.p. 175C.
FD-MS: m/e = 420 (molecule cation)
IR (KBr): y = 1508, 1612 (weak), 1718 cm
lH-~MR (250 MHz, D20, ~-values in ppm, referred to
TSPs 0)
= 1.47-1.51 (m; 2H, H-6a, H-7a); 1.79-2.21 (m; 8H;
H-2a, H-4a, H-6b, H-7b, H-3', H-4'): 2.33 (~: 6~:
2 x CH3) 2.48-2.66 (m; 2H: H-2b, H-4b) 3.34
and 3.58 (2 x m: 4H, H-2' and H-5'); 3.67 (m: 2H,
H-l, H-5) 5.23 (t; lH, H-3); 7.20-7.31 (m; 8H;
aromatic protons).
Example 10.
3a-(4,4'-Di-n-butyloxvbenzilovloxy)-nortropane-8-
spiro-l'-pYrrolidinium chloride~
The procedure is a~ in Example 8 but in~tead of
4,4'-difluorobenzilic acid there i~ used 4,4-di-n-
1304369
-~6-
butyloxybenzilic acid a~ qtarting material (preparation
analogou~ to J.G. Cannon, J. Org. Chem., 25, 959-962/
1960), Yield 240 mg. of cry~tal~ which deliquesce at
ambient temperature.
S FD-MS: m/e = 536 (molecule cation)
IR (KBr): y = 1508, 1580 (weak), 1608, 1734 cm
H-NMR (250 MHz, CDC13, ~-values in ppm, referred to
TSP= O):
; , ~ = 0.96 (t; 6H; 2 x CH3 of n-butyloxy); 1.47 (t; q:
4~; 2 x CH3 of n-butyloxy); 1.53-1.63 (m; 2H,
H-6a, H-7a); 1.76 (t, t: 4H; 2 x CH3 of n-
butyloxy); 1,80-2.30 (m, 8H; H-2a, H-4a, H-6b,
H-7b, H-3', H-4'), 2.62-2.77 (m 2H; H-2b, H-4b),
3.65 and 3.99 (2 x m: 4H: H-2' and H-5'); 3.94
(t, 4H, 2 x CH3 of n-butyloxy) 4.16 (m 2H,
H-l, H-5): 5.28 (t, lH; H-3), 6.84 and 7.25
(2 x d, 8H; aromatic proton~).
Example 11
3a-(4-n-butYloxybenzilovloxv3-nortroDane-8- 9pi ro-l~-
pvrrolidinium chloride.
The procedure is a~ in kxample 8 but instead of
4,4'-difluoro~enzilic acid there i8 used 4-n-butyloxy-
benzilic acid as starting material (preparation analogous
to C.D. Shacklett and H.A. 5mith, J.A.C.S., 75, 2654-
2657/1953). Yield 250 mg., m.p. 206C.
FD-MS: m/e = 464 (molecule cation~
IR (KBr): y = 1512, 1609, 1742 cm
1304369
-37-
H-NMR (250 MHz, CDC13, ~-values in ppm, referred to
TMS= 0):
S = 0.97 (t, 3H: CH3 of n-butyloxy), 1.50 (t, q; 2H;
CH2 of n-butyloxy), 1.56-1.64 (m, 2H, H-6a, H-7a),
1.77 (t,t: 2H; CH2 of n-butyloxy), 1~84-2.45 (m,
8H H-2a, H-4a, H-6b, H-7b, H-3', H-4'): 2.65-2.85
(m 2H: H-2b, H-4b): 3.58 and 3.95 (2 x m, 4H:
H-2' and H-5'); 3.95 (t, 2H: CH2 of n-butyloxy)
4.08 (m, 2H: H-l and ~-5) 5.30 (t: lH 6.84 (d)
a~d 7.26-7.37 (m, 9H: aromatic protons).
Ga ~ ,
1. Tablets .
40 mg. azoniaspironortropanol ester according to one of
the chemical Examples
20 mg. lacto~e
30 mg. qtarch
0.5 mg. magnesium ~tearate
74.5 mg. microcry~talline cellulose
2. Su~o~itories.
0 120 mg. azoniaqpironortropanol ester according to one of
the chemical Examples
2 mg. "~ero~il n 200 (silicic acid)
2278 mg. Witepsol (modified triglyceride~ of ~aturated
plant fatty acids)
3. Solution for intravenous injection.
20 mg. azoniaspironortropanol e~ter according to one of
the chemical Example q
~racl~ mar k
1304369
-38-
4.6 mg. citric acid monohydrate
14.8 mg. sodium citrate dihydrate
ad 2 ml.
4. Solution for intravenous infusion.
500 mg. azoniaspironortropanol ester according to one
of the chemical Examples
130 mg. citric acid monohydrate
370 mg. sodium citrate dihydrate
ad 50 ml.
10 5 Reta~d form.~ diffusion pellets.
Per hard gelatine capsule:
Without With
initial initial
dose dose
~ugar spheroids 150 mg. 150 mg.
15 azoniaspironortropanol ester
according to one of the 80 mg. WS 60 mg.
B chemical Examples
hydroxypropylcellulose (Klucel) 10 mg. 8 mg.
acrylic or methacrylic esters:
20 Endragit RL 2 mg. 2 mg.
Endragit RS 8 mg. 8 mg.
polyethyleneglycol (8000)1 mg. 1 mg.
talc 5 mg. 5 mg.
~ WS 20 mg.
Klucel 2 mg.
6. Retard form: matrix tablet.
-- -- . . .~
80 mg. azoniaspironortropanol ester according to one
of the chemical Examples
Trade ~ r ~
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120 mg. lactoYe
15 mg. ethyl cellulose
20 mg. starch
2 mg. magne~ium stearate
3 mg. polyethylene glycol (8000)
7. Retard form: two-laYer tablet with initial dose.
1st layer 2nd layer
retard retard
tablet tablet
10 azonia~pironortropanol ester 60 mg. 20 mg.
lactose 90 mg. 10 mg.
ethyl cellulose 12 mg.
qtarch 15 mg. 15 mg.
magnesium stearate 1.5 mg. 0.3 mg.
15 polyethylene glycol (8000~ 2 mg.
microcrystalline cellulose - 37.2 mg.
8. Dosed aerosol for inhalation.
Formulation per dosage/3pray impulse:
0.1 mg. azonia~pironortropanol ester according to one
of the chemical Examples
B o. 02 mg. Span~85 (sorbitan mono- and trifatty acid residue based on oleic acid)
10 ~1. Frigen 11 (trichlorofluoromethane)
40 ~1. Frigen 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane).
25 9. Dosed spra~ for nasal use.
Formulation per dosage/spray i~pu182:
2 mg. azoniaspironortropanol e~ter according to one of
the chemical Examples
90 ~1. physiological saline
~a~ ~ Q~l~
1~04369
;
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The following compound~ according to the pre~ent
invention have been tested for spasmolytic effective-
ne~Q:
3a-benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-(3'-pyrrolinium)
chloride (Example 2)
3-benziloyloxynortropane-8-~piro-2'-isoindolinium
chloride (Example 3)
3~-benziloyloxynortropane-8-spiro-4'-morpholinium
chloride (Example 4)
3-benzi'loyloxynortropane-8-spiro-1'-pyrrolidino-
[3',4'-b~quinoxalinium bromide (Example 5)
3-benziloyloxynortropane-8-~piro-2'-(2'-aza-3H-
phenolenium) bromide (Example 6).
Ac known comparison compound, there was used
tro~pium chloride ~Example 1).
The experiment~ were carried out on i~olated rat
intestine.
Animal material:
Male and female Wistar rat~ with a body weight of
20 150 to 250 g. The animal3 were acclimati~ed for 1 week
at 20 + 2C. and at a relative humidity of 50 1 10%.
The room illumination wa~ daylight with additional neon
tubes with a day/night illumination r~ythm of 7.00 to
18.00 hours. The animalq were kept in Makrolon cage~
type 4, each being occupied by 10 rat~. The cage~ had
a ~awdu~t bedding. The feed was "~niff" ~tandard feed
(Ver~uch3tierdiaten GmbH, 4770 Soe~t, Genmany) available
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ad libitum and the drinking water, which was tap water
from synthetic re~in flasks with stainless steel
drinXing tubes, was available ad libitum.
Substance~, do~aae~:
test substances: compounds of Examples 1 - 6.
~olvent: demineralised water
concentration: 1.185 x 10 g./ml. bath ve~el content~
(again~t Carbachol)
volume administered: 0.25 ml.
time of~action before admini~tration of spasmodic:
3 minutes
further substances-used: carbamoylcholine (Carbochol)
hydrochloride, Merck, Darmstadt (Art No.
q 500 940)
sum fonmula: C6H15ClN202
concentrations: 4 x 10 9 g./ml. bath vessel content
2 x 10-8 g /ml u
1 x 10 7 g./ml.
S x 10-7 g./ml. ~
2.5 x 10-6 g./ml. "
1.25 x 10 5 g./ml.
6.25 x 10 5 g./ml.
volume administered: 0.25 ml.
time of action: 5 minutes
Ringer's nutrient solution with the following
compo~ition:
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sodium chloride = 9.000 y. (E. Merck, Darmstadt)
potas~ium chloride = 0.210 g. "
~odium bicarbonate = 0.500 g. n
glucose monohydrate = 0.500 g.
5 calcium chloride monohydrate= 0.318 g. n
Carryinq out of the experiments.
The rats were sacrificed by a neck blow. The
abdomen was opened along the median line, an approximately
, lo cm. long piece of ileum was removed, im~ediately
transfer~ed to a physiological tempered nutrient ~olution
and then completely and carefully rinsed through twice
in toto with the help of a 10 ml. yringe with nutrient
solution for the removal of the inte~tinal contents.
For the subsequent experiments, two pieces of intestine
of 2 cm. length were separated off and the remaining
piece of intestine kept in a refrigerator. me two
pieces of inte~tine were freed in nutrient solution
from ti~sue pos~ibly still attached thereto. Around
one end there wa~ applied a sling of silk thread for
fixing the piece of intestine in an organ bath, while
around the other end wa~ applied a longer thread with
a connecting clamp for fixing to a recording layer.
The piece of organ wa~ thereafter filled with nutrient
solution and suspended in a bath vessel with Carbogen
bubbling therethrough and loaded with 0.5 g. After a
resting period of 30 minutes, the experiment can
commence.
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There was first plotted a dosage action relation-
ship of the spasmodic. The solution to be tested was
injected by means of a tuberculin syringe with applied
single-use canule into the bath liquid. Depending upon
the volume to be injected, for the precise maintenance
of the bath content there was previously always removed
an equal volume of nutrient solution. Concentrations
~ were selected which, in geometric steps of a factor of
5, displayed spasmodic effects of > lOyo to lOOyo~ the
10~% effect being taken as being the limiting concen-
tration, exceeding of which brought about no greater
effect. The limiting concentration is taken as refer-
ence value and the effect~ of the lower concentrations
were calculated to refer to this 10~/o value. A complete
concentration activity curve was plotted using a piece
of intestine.
The period of action of the spa~modic on the organ
was 5 minutes. Thereafter, the content of the bath
ve~el was changed three times by rinsing and followed
by a resting phase (no addition of substance) of 30
minute~.
After plotting of the concentration-activity
relation~hip of the ~pasmodic, the antagonistic strength
of action of the substance to be tested wa~ tested. For
this purpose, the te~t substance was injected in a
constant concentration into the bath ve~sel content 3
minutes before application of the spa~modic. The
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qubsequent cour~e of the experiment corresponded to
that already de~cribed: addition of spasmodic in
increaqing concentrations, rinsing three timeq, 30
minute resting phase. Depending upon the effect, the
concentrations of the test substance were varied, ten
experiments being carried out per concentration.
Analvsis and apparatu~.
The experimental apparatus consisted of a
horizontally fixed, about 66 cm. long cylinder-shaped
glass surround with inlet and outlet taps in which were
melt-sealed two pre-heating spirals which were provided
on the outside with inlet pipes and each of which open
downwardly into a bath veqsel of 25 ml. volume clo~able
below by ~topcocks. Demineralised water warmed to 34C.
was circulated by an ultrathermostat of the firm
~Colora n through the glass ~urround ~o that the nutrient
solution present in the pre-heating spirals and bath
vessels was always uniformly wanmed. In case of need,
it was pa~sed from a higher-standing supply vessel via
a tube system into the pre-heating spirals. On the
bottom of the bath vessel, for the continuou3 bubbling
through of the nutrient solution with Carbogen ~95%
oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide), there were provided
gassing tubes, on the limbs of which, in the lower
third thereof, were melt-sealed gla~s hooks on to which
were -quspended on one end the previously prepared piece
of inte-qtine, whereas the other end waq attached with
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its long thread with a metal recorder lever for MP
recordal. Finally, the loading was adjusted on the
recorder lever and the star recorder of the lever
applied to the MP paper on the recorder drum (diameter
200 mm.) of a kymograph. During the experiment, the
MP paper was rolled from the table unrolling device
on to the drum. The paper movement was 2.62 mm. x
min 1. The recording breadth could be regulated via
an MP generator with incoryorated potentiometer. For
a better'current flow, a contact roller was addition-
ally applied to the MP paper which was connected with
the earthing box of the MP gënerator.
After ending of the experiment, the recordings
on the MP paper were fixed with a special fixing spray.
All apparatus necessary ~or the recordings were
obtained from the firm Braun, Melsungen, Germany.
Evaluation.
For each concentration in g./ml. there was
obtained the arithmetic average values and their
standard deviations (x~ + g) of the spasmodic effect.
Re~ult~.
A 50% spasm was obtained with Carbachol alone
(blank experiment) at a concentration of 4.3 x 10 g./ml.
In the case of the use of the a~ove-mentioned
spasmolytically-acting test substances in a concent-
ration of 1.18 x 10 8 g./ml., for the initiation of a
50% spasm, carbachol concentrations of the order of
10 6 g./ml. were needed.
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The compounds used according to the present
invention as asthma therapeutics and broncholytics
can be applied in the form of, for example, aerosols,
solutions and the like, the routes of administration
being, for example, by inhalation, orally, intra-
venously or the like.
The following Examples are given for the purpose
of illustrating the present invention:
Example 12.
Inhalation solution.
. .
trospium chloride 0.100 g.
citric acid monohydrate 0.470 g.
trisodium citrate dihydrate 0.530 g.
sodium chloride 0.645 g.
The solution is prepared by successively
dissolving the components in water, followed by
sterilising filtration and placing into light-
protected containers. The pH value of the solution is
- about 4.2.
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ExamDle i3
Dosed aerosol.
trospium chloride 0.030 g.
- trichlorofluoromethane/dichloro- ad 15,0 ml.
difluoromethane
The aerosol i 3 prepared by grinding the trospium
chloride to a particle qize of less than 5 ~m., qu~-
pending it in cooled and liquefied propellant ga3 and
placing into conventional aerosol containers at about
45 to 50C. The valve on the container is so chosen
that, per spray impulse, 0.1 mg. trospium chloride is
applied.
ExamPle 14
Dosed aerosol for inhalation.
Formulation per dosage/spray impulse:
0,1 mg. azoniaspironortropanol ester according to one
of the chemical Examples
0.02 mg. Span 85 (~orbitan mono- and trifatty acid
re~idue ba~ed on oleic acid)
10 ~1. Frigen 11 (trichlorofluoromethane)
20 40 ~1. Frigen 12 (dichlorodifluoromethane).
ExA~le l5
Dosed s~rav for nasal use.
Formulation per dosage/~pray impulse:
2 mg. azoniaspironortropanol e~ter according to one of
the chemical Examples
90 ~1. physiological qaline
~304369
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In order to confirm the effectivenesq of the
active materials according to the present invention,
inhalative provocation~ were carried out on awake
guinea pig9 with a cholinergically-effective aerosol.
3 x 10 7 mole kg 1 of active material thereby antagonise
an asthmatoid respiratory difficulty brought about by an
acetyl-~-methylcholine aero~cl 15 minute~ after intra-
peritoneal administration. The therapeutic effective-
ness of the active materials according to the present
inventio~ is markedly ~tronger than that of equimolar
dosages of reference substances, such as atropine and
isoproterenol.
Method.
Animal material.
animal type: guinea pigs
animal strain: Pirbright white
origin: Lippische Versuch~tierzucht Hagemann Gmb~ & Co.,
4923 Extertal l, Germany
~ex: male
20 body weight: about 500 - 700 g.
acclimatisation time: > 8 days
Animal maintenance.
living ~pace: maq~ive con~truction, conventional
maintenance
room temperature: 22 + 2C.
atmospheric humidity: S0 - 60% relative humidity
room illumination: artificial 12 hour rhythm
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cage~: Macrolon lower part and wire mesh covering
with feed and water containers, bedding
U3sniff'' from "ssniff Versuchstierdiaten GmbH,
4770 Soe~t, Germany
feed: Altromin-MS from Altrogge Spezialfutterwerk,
Lage/Lippe, Germany, "ssniff"-MS diet and hay
drinking water: tap water ad libitum
Trospium chloride = MP 194 = 3-benziloyloxynortropane-
8-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium chloride
0 dehydrotrospium chloride + WG 71 = 3a-benziloyloxynor-
tropane-8-spiro-1'-(3'-pyrrolinium~ chloride
Substances~ do~aae~ and mode of administration.
test substance: trospium chloride (MP 194) (M.W. 428)
dosage: 3 x 10 7 mole ml 1 kg 1
mode of administration: intraperitoneally
test sub3tance: dehydrotrospium chloride ~WG 71)
(M.W. 426)
do~age: 3 x 10-7 1 ml-l k -1
mode of administration: intraperitoneally
0 reference substance: atropine hydrochloride (Serva,
M.W. 325.8)
do~age 3 x 10-7 1 ml-l k -1
mode of administration: intra~eritoneally
reference substance: isoproterenol (Fluka, M.W. 247.723
dosage: 3 x 10 mole ml kg
mode of administration: intraperitoneally
control substance: physiological saline
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dosage: 1 ml. kg 1
mode of admini~tration: intraperitoneally
further substances: acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
(Sigma, M.W. 195.7)
concentrations: 0.0316 g. x 100 ml double distilled
water
0.0562 g. x 100 ml "
0.1 g. x 100 ml 1 "
0.178 g. x 100 ml~l
0.316 g. x 100 ml-l "
0.562 g. x 100 ml-l "
mode of administration: 0.5 ml. min by inhalation.
Groupinq.
distribution to the groups: random
animals per group: 105 group division: as far as possible, on one day, animals
of the experimental and control groups
are taken into the experiment.
Carryina out of the experiments.
The guinea pigs intended for an experiment are,
after an acclimatisation time of at least 8 days, sub-
jected twice to an aerosol of 0.1% acetyl-~-methylcholine
chloride ~olution ~ince, as is known from experience,
during the first two inhalative provocations, the animals
react wnth more distinct respiratory disturbances than
in the case of the qubsequent provocations (adaptation3.
If, in the ca~e of the two inhalation pha~es, a non-
sen~itivity (absence of respiratory disturbances) is
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observed towards the exposure, these animals are
excluded f rom the actual experiment.
For the purpose of aero-~ol provocation, the guinea
pigs are placed individually in an inhalation chamber
(see Section 3.6 hereinafter) in which 0.5 ml. of
solution per minute are atomised as droplet aerosol by
means of a special nozzle (Rhema, Hofheim, Germany).
Dependent upon the active material concentration, as
well as of a pre-treatment possibly carried out, the
lo aerosol exposure leads to a more or less marked dyspnoea,
to attacks of coughing and finally to asphyxia and lo~s
of consciousness following a tonic-clonic cramp of
differing strength. With the help of a ~topwatch,
there i9 recorded the time from the commencement of
inhalation to the appearance of the asphyctic state:
the animals are immediately removed from the inhalation
chamber and, as a rule, recover in a very short period
of time (recovery of consciou~ness and normalisation of
breathing). If, within 180 ~econds, no dy~pnoea occurs,
the inhalation is discontinued.
In order to demonstrate the protective action of
the teRt and reference substances, the animal~ in the
experiment, 15 minutes before the commencement of the
inhalation, are pre-treated with these substances accord-
ing to their body weight (control animals correspond-
ingly with isotonic sodium chloride solution) and
subjected to logarithmically graduated concentrations
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of acetyl-~-methylcholine aerosol. One aerosol con-
centration is tested per test day the time between
the individual aerosol provocations is at least 1 week.
Analvses and a~paratus.
The inhalation chamber is a Plexiglass container
specially made for this purpose, the lid of which can
be closed in an air-tight manner by means of rubber
sealing and grip closure means. The internal measure-
ments of the chamber are 285 x 190 x 180 mm., which
corresponds to a volume of about 9.75 litreq. The
special nozzl~ (Rhema, Hofheim, ~ermany, order No.
504104) i~ fixed to a recess on the lid and ensures a
unifonm ~upply of the available chamber space with the
aerosol. The provocation solution is ~upplied to the
nozzle via an infu~ion pump (Braun, Melsungen, Germany)
(0.5 ml./minute) and there atomised with a ~uperpressure
of 180 kPa from an attached pre~sure gas bottle
(artificial air, KW-free). For reasons of qafety, the
aerosol provocation is carried out under a ventilator.
Evaluation.
For each of the tested substances (test, reference
and control substance~) there i 8 taXen, in the ca~e of
- each investigated active material concentration, the
percentage proportion of the animals reactiny with
dyspnoea for the calculation of the EC50.
The EC50, as well as the related confidence
interval (p >95%), are determined from the probit
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regression lines of the percentage value~ (v. supra)
provided with weight coefficientq after line adaptation
by the "maximum likelihood" method ~10 iteration~).
Furthermore, there i9 examined the adaptation of the
lines to the observed data by means of the chiquadrat
test. For the evaluation, a calculation programme is
commercially available (Olivetti).
Results.
The tested substance~, trospium chloride a~ well
lo a-~ dehydrotrospium chloride, ~how, after intraperitoneal
administration, an outstanding broncholytic effect in
the case of cholinergically-induced bronchial cramps on
- the awake guinea pig. The average effective concen-
tration (EC50) of acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride in
the solution to be atomised i3, in the case of the
control animals, w = 0.00054 (see the following Table 1).
After pre-treatment with trospium chloride or dehydro-
trospium chloride, the corresponding EC50 values are
w = 0.00286 and w = 0.00173, respectively (see the
following Tables 2 and 3).
Atropine and isoproterenol were used as reference
substances. For stropine and isoproterenol, there were
determined average effective concentration~ of the
provocation ~ubstances of w = 0.00138 and w = 0.00145,
; 25 respectively (see the following Tables 4 and 5).
Furthermore, the average effective concentrations
EC50 of the provocation ~ubstances 15 minute~ after
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intraperitoneal admini~tration of MP 194, WG 71,
atropine and i~oproterenol are illu~trated ~chematic-
ally in Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing~.
1304369
TABLE
Control substance: NaCl (W = 0.009)
mode of administration: intraperitoneal
doqage: 1 ml kg
active material: acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
mode of admini-~tration: by aerosol inhalation
concentration: see below
~ ,
active number of animals probit reaction %
material _ analysi~ calculated
concentrat~on tested reacting observed
0.000316 10 2 20.00 22.79
0.000562 10 5 S0.00 52.35
0.000750 10 7 70.00 67.81
0.001000 10 9 90.00 80.64
15 0 001780 10 . _ 90.00 95.26
Test for linearity: x = 1.2629 (FG = 3)
linearity can be assumed ( ~ 0.05)
Result of the Drobit analYsis
Average effective concentration of the active material:
; 20 EC50: w = 0.000539
confidence interval (P = 0.95) : 0.000339 - 0.000855
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TABLE 2
test substance: trospium chloride
mode of administration: intraperitoneal
dosage: 3 x 10 mol ml 1 kg 1
5 active material: acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
mode of administration: by aerosol inhalation
concentration: see below
~ . .
active number of animals probit reaction %
material .._ analysis calculated
concentration tested reacting observed
.. .7_ , , , _ .... ~
0.000562 10 0 2.50~5.46
0.001000 10 1 lo.oo15.03
0.001780 10 5 50.0032.00
0.003160 10 5 50.0053.87
lS 0.005620 10 ~_ 70.0074.66
~ correction according to Bli ~9
test for linearity: x = 2.0313 (FG = 3)
linearity can be assumed ( ~ 0.05)
Result of the probit analvsis
0 average effective concentration of the active material
EC50: w = 0.00286
confidence interval (P = 0.95): 0.00147 - 0.00557
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TABLE 3
test substance: dehydrotrospium chloride
mode of administration: intraperitoneal
dosage: 3 x 10 mol ml 1 kg 1
S active material: acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
mode of administration: by aerosol inhalation
concentration: see below
~ . _ . ,
active number of animals probit reaction %
material ~_ analysis calculated
10 concentration tested reacting obaerved
0.001000 10 3 30.00 38.74
0.001780 9 6 66.67 50.60 .
0.003160 10 6 60.00 62.35
0.005620 10 7 70.00 73.08
test for linearity: x = 1.3234 (FG = 2)
linearity can be assumed (a >O.05)
Result of the probit anal~sis
average effective concentration of the active material
EC50: w = 0.00173
confidence interval (P = 0.95): 0.00031 - 0.00972
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TABLE 4
reference sub~tance: atropine chloride
mode of administration: intraperitoneal
do~age: 3 x 10 mol ml 1 kg 1
active material: acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
~ode of admini~tration: by aero~ol inhalation
concentration: see below
..
active number of animals probit reaction %
material . analy~i calculated
10 concentration tested reacting observed
0.000562 . 10 3 30.00 38.93
O.OOlOQ0 10 6 60.00 45.98 .
0.001780 9 5 55.56 53.16
0.003160 10 5 50.00 60.20
0.005620 10 7 70.00 66.95
teRt for linearity: x = 1,6245 (FG = 3)
linearity can be aq~umed (a > 0.05)
Result of the probit analy~is
average effective concentration of the active material
EC50 w = 0.00138
confidence interval ~P = O.95): 0.00022 - 0.00888
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TABLE 5
reference ~ubstance: isoproterenol
~ode of administration: intraperitoneal
dosage: 3 x 10 mol ml 1 kg 1
active material: acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
mode of administration: by aeroqol inhalation
concentration: see below
active number of animals probit reaction %
material -_ analy~is calculated
concentration tested reacting observed . _ _
0.001000 9 3 33.33 36.21
0.001780 8 5 62.50 57.88
0.003160 9 7 77.78 77.28
0.005620 8 88.89 90.30
test for linearity: x2 = 0.1240 (~G - 2)
linearity can be assumed (a > 0.05)
Result of the p ~
average effective concentration of the active material
EC50: w = 0.00145
confidence interval (P = 0.95): 0.00050 - 0.00426
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Assessment.
The test substances trospium chloride and dehydro-
trospium chloride are, lS minutes after intraperitoneal
administration, comparable with or Ruperior to the
well known parasympatholytics atropine and the ~-
sympathomimetic i oproterenol with regard to their
broncholytic effectiveness (see Fig.l of the accompany-
ing drawings). From the calculations of the concent-
rations of acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride which, in
each casé, are on average effective, which is necessary
for the initiation of a dyspnoea, there can be ascert-
ained a greater effectiveness of the test substances,
especially of trospium chloride, in comparison with
the reference substances.
In order to test the receptor specificity of the
compounds according to the pre~ent invention, the
specificity of the cholinergic antagonisation must be
demonstrated. A model for this is the mea~urement of
the anticholinergic effectiveness on isolated tracheal
spirals of the guinea pig.
The test substance used was 3-benziloyloxynor-
tropane-8-spiro-1'-pyrrolidinium chloride (trospium
chloride, MP 194), ipratropium bromide being used as
comparison substance.
1. SummarY.
MP 194 is competitively antagonistically effective
on the i~olated tracheal spirals of the guinea pig in
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comparison with acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride. Its
strength of activity is thereby equivalent to the
reference substance ipratropium bromide.
2. Interro~atory
There is to be determined the anticholinergic
effectiveness of MP 194 in comparison with the reference
substance ipratropium bromide on the isolated tracheal
spiral~ of the guinea pig.
3. Method.
3.1. Animal material
3.1,1. animal species: guinea pig
3.1.2. animal ~train~ Pirbright white
3,1,3, origin: Hagemann GmbH & Co., 4923 Extertal 1,
Germany
3.1.4. sex: male
3,1.5. body weight: about 500 g.
3.1.6. acclimati~ation time: ~ 8 days
3.2. Animal maintenance
3.2.1. living space: massive construction, conventional
maintenance
3.2.2. room temperature: 22 + 2C.
3.2.3. relative atmospheric humidity: 50 + 15%
3.2.4. room illumination: artificial dark/light rhythm
in 12 hour intervals
5 3.2.5. animal cages: Makrolon lower part and wire mesh
covering with feed and water containers bedding
"ssniff" (Versuchstierdiaten GmbH, 4770 Soe~t,
Germany)
~304369
3.2.6. feed: "ssniff" guinea pig diet
3.2.7. drinking water: tap water ad libitum
3.3. Substances, dosaging and mode of administration
3.3.1. test substance (test antagoni t)
trospium chloride (MP 194) (M.W. 428)
solvent: tyrode solution
bath concentrations: 1 x 10 9 M/ml. bath solution
3.16 x 10 9 M/ml. bath solution
1 x 10 8 M/ml. bath solution
1 x 10 M/ml. bath solution
administration volume: 50 ~1./28 ml. bath solution
3.3.2. reference substance (reference antagonist)
ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) (M.W. 412.4)
solvent: tyrode solution
bath concentrations: 1 x 10 9 M/ml. bath solution
3.16 x 10 9 M/ml. bath solution
1 x 10 8 M/ml. bath solution
1 x lG 7 M/ml. bath solution
administration volume: 50 ~1./28 ml. bath solution.
3.3.3. further substances (reference antagonists)
3.3.3.1. acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride (Sigma)
(M.W. 195.7)
solvent: tyrode solution
bath concentrations: 1 x 10 7 M/ml. bath solution
1 x 10 M/ml. bath ~olution
1 x 10-5 M/ml. bath solution
1 x 10 4 M/ml. bath solution
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1 x 10 3 M/ml. bath solution
1 x 10 2 M/ml. bath solution
3.16 x 10 2 M/ml. bath solution
administration volume: 50 ~1./28 ml. bath ~olution,
cumulative
3.3.3.2. tyrode solution as nutrient medium
., . __
component mMole/1. ~tock solution ml. stock
solution/
litre tyrode
~olution
_ ~. ._ .
~aCl 139.2 58.00 g/l (1 M) 139.2 ml.
10 KCl 2.7 74.56 g/l (1 M) 2.7 ml.
CaC12'2H21.8147.00 g/l (1 M) 1.8 ml.
g 2.6H200.24599.62 g/l (0.49 M) 0.49 ml.
~aHC03 11.9s ' g/l ~0.25 M) 47.6 ml.
~aH2P04.H20 0.4 4.00 g/l (O.03 M) 15,6 ml.
6 126 5.5 _ 1.0 g.
double distilled water ad 1000 ml.
Calcium chloride is hygroscopic. Therefore, the
stock solution must be titrated with the help of a
Bl rrlarius-(oulter-o-cot~
Chlor-o-Counter ~ , Kipp and Zonen,
6242 Schonberg/Taunus, Germany).
In the mixing of the various ~tock ~olutions, it
is to be noted that calcium precipitates out with
bicarbonate and phosphate when the solution~ are mixed
together in high concentration~ This i~ avoided by
~,
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first diluting the 1.8 ml. of calcium chloride parent
solution with about 100 ml. of double distilled water,
the other stock solutions in a measurement flask
already having been qubstantially made up with double
distilled water and only then adding the calcium
solution.
3.4. Grou~inq.
3.4,1. division into group~: random
3.4.2. number of preparations:
of the test substance group: n = 4 (1 x 10 9M)
n = 2 (3.16 x 10 M)
n = 2 (1 x 10 M)
n = 4 (1 x 10 M)
of the reference substance 9
group: n = 4 (1 x 10 ~)
n = 2 (3.16 x 10 9M)
n = 2 (1 x 10 M)
n = 4 (1 x 10 M).
3.5. Carrvin~ out of the experiments
The guinea pig is stunned by a blow on the neck.
Subsequently, the whole of the trachea is roughly freed
beginning from the larynx up to the tracheal bifurcation,
removed and transferred to tempered (37C.) and carbo-
genised tyrode solution. After ~urrounding connective
tissue has been removed as far as possible, the prepar-
ation i8 cut up spirally by means of fine scissors at an
angle of about 45 and separated into two equal sized
" 1304369
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sections. After weighing, both preparations are
provided proximally and distally with a silk thread.
One thread serves for fixing the preparation by means
of a loop to the bottom of the bath and the other is
connected via a hook with the transducer above the
bath vessel.
Subsequently, the preparations, corresponding to
the calibration, are prestreqsed with about 80 mN and
equilibrated from 50 - 100 minutes. During the equilib-
ration phase, the nutrient solution in the bath vesselsis renewed in 15 minute intervals. As ~oon as the
resting mu~cle tonus of the prepar~tion has stabilised,
there takes place the cumulative addition of the agoniqt,
whereby the addition of the next highest concentration
first take~ place when no further increase of contraction
is recognisable (plateau). When the maximum contraction
height of the preparation is achieved, the cumulative
agonist addition is ended and the preparation i8 rinsed.
After a further equilibration phase (v. supra), the
cumulative addition of the agonist is repeated but this
time in the presence of the test or reference antagonist.
3.6. Analvses and apparatus.
3.6.1. The perfusion part consists of an L-shaped
organ bath in the hollow space of which (longer limb)
runs a double glas~ spiral through which the nutrient
solution is passed into the actual bath vessel (28 ml.
content~ shorter lir~). ~is bath ~essel is divided
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into two chambers which are, however, connected
together by two transverse connection~. Thus, the
supply of the organ with Carbogen (95% oxygen and 5%
carbon dioxide) can take place indirectly from the
smaller rearmost of the two chambers, whereby the organ
does not hang directly in the Carbogen inflow which,
inter alia, makes possible a more precise recordal of
the organ reactions. The inlet chambers as well as the
feeding glas~ spirals are tempered from the outside to
37C. by a separate liquid circulation. This tempering
takes place with the help of a "Colora" ultra-thermostat
type K (Colora Messtechnik Gm~H, Du~seldorf, Germany)
which serves as ther~ostat and pump. In order, in
case of need, always to have available ready-for-use
nutrient solution, above the organ bath is provided a
double-walled storage container in which the nutrient
solution is also tempered and carbogenised. This i8
connected via a glass stopcock and a polypropylene tube
with double glass spiral in the interior of the organ
bath.
3.6.2. The measurement and recording part includes a
transducer (Statham-Univer~al-Zelle UC-2, Hugo Sachs
Elektronic KG, Hugstetten, Germany). By means of a
hanging-in weight, a force of 40 mN is produced on the
transducer which pa~ses as electrical signal via a
connecting cable to a bridge amplifier. The amplific-
ation ls smoothly ~o regulated that the force provided
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corresponds to a constant value on the scale or an
analogou~ value on the millimeter paper of the
recorder (dependent upon the ampli~ication, see below).
After fixing the organ, the preparation is prestressed
to the doubled mark, corresponding to 80 m~. The
recorder connected with the amplifier (Hellige,
Freiburg/Breisgau, Genmany) records all analogue signals
on thermosensitive paper with millimeter divisions.
The recorder amplification is thereby so regulated that
the pulllng force of the weight t40 mN) on the trans-
ducer corresponds to an indicator stroke of 4 cm.
(calibration: force produced by means of the weight
- 4 cm. on the analogue protocol).
3.7. Evaluation.
The cumulative addition of the agonist leads on
the isolated tracheal spiral to a dosage-dependent
contraction force increase which is recorded proportion-
ally on the analogue recorder (see calibration). From
these analogue protocols is carried out the quantitative
evaluation of the cumulative dosage action curves
according to the method of van Rossum (1963), For this
purpose, the absolute measurement data (in [mm]~ is
first converted on the basis of the maximum effect
(EAm or EAmB), which is taken as being l00oh, into
percentage values. By means of non-linear regression,
from these data there is determined for each individual
preparation the ratio of the molar concentrations of
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the agonists (quotient = x) which are necessary in
order precisely to achieve half of the maximum effect
in the pre~ence and absence of the test or reference
antagonists of the molar concentration [B] (-log [B] =
5 pAx). On the basis of the fonmula PA2 = PAX + log (x-l)
(Ariens and Schild, 1957), there is determined the
negative decadic logarithm of the molar antagoni~t
concentration (PA2) in the case of which x corresponds
r to the value of 2, i.e. in the case of the presence of
10 antagonists in the appropriate molar concentration,
th~e molar agonist concentration must be doubled in
order to achieve the same effect as without the action
of the antagonists. The quality of the antagonism
(competitive/non-competitive) i~ tested Rtatis ically
15 on the ba~is of the comparison of the maximum effect
in the ab-~ence (EAm) and presence (EAmB) of the ~est
or reference antagonists. (t-test with paired arrange-
ment). Finally, the difference of the PA2 + 9 between
test and reference antagonist is examined for signif-
20 icance (t-te~t of two independent ~amples).
4. Result~.
,
MP 194 and ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) show
on isolated tracheal spirals from the guinea pig a
comparable, do~age-dependent antagonism again~t the
25 cholinergic agonist acetyl-~-methylcholine chloride
(see Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawings). The PA2 + s
determined for MP 194 of 9.26 ~ 0.29 doe~ not differ
~3(~4369
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significantly from the PA2 + s for ipratropium bromide
of 9.31 + 0.39 (see Table 1).
The quality of the antagonism is competitive not
only in the case of MP 194 but also in the case of
S ipratropium bromide, on the basis of the comparison
between the maximum effects in the case of the absence
and presence of the antagonist in question (see the
following Table 6).
5. Asse.qsment.
10Thé investigation demonstrates the clear anti-
cholinergic effectivene~s of MP 194 on isolated tracheal
spirals from the guinea pig and thus supplements the
earlier investigations of effectiveness on the awake
- animal. The better quantification of the results of
the in vitro models also permits the conclusion that
MP 194 is, with regard to the strength of action, equal
to the reference substance ipratropium bromide (~ee the
PA2 value~). Furthermore, on the basis of the investig-
ation, a competitive antagoniqm of both substances can
be assumed (~ee EAmB/EAm)
Table 6.
.__ _ MP 194 ipratropium bromide
. . . .
PA2 + s 9.26 + 0.29 9.31 + 0.39
EAmB/EAm + s 1.09 + 0.22 1.10 + 0.24
