Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
- 1 3075'~1 210617
~%O~ Q~
USINÇ A CREATED INTE~NATIoN~ A~9c~L~ oL-LLu~ E
PATHw~
T ~ 5LATION BETw~E~ Q--~A~ioNAL LANGUAGE~
05 BACXGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention r~late to the translation o~
document~ having a source toxt written $n any OnQ 0~ a.
plurality o~ national languages being translated in~o a text
that i5 written in any ona o~ a plurality of ~acond targe~
national languages by utilizing a created in~ernational
language as an intermediate pathway between the two cho en
national languages.
The desire of various nationalities speaking differsnt
language3 to readily converse has been ever present in the
history of humanity. There are about 3,000 known language~ in
th~ world ~the number varie~ according to what i~ counted as a
language; dialects that are cleaxly ~us~ that ar~ not includ~d
: in this number), and each is th~ vehicle o~ a culture that i9
different in at least som~ way~ from any other culture. The
learning and t~aching of languages, the recordiny of languag2s
in intercultural communication are matters o~ primary
importance. Languages have had to be taught and learned for
centuries. ~verywhere, when spea~er of different langua~es
have CQme in contact, somebody had to learn a foreign
language. There have always been individuals who found it
interesting or profitable to do this~ The earliest o~
explorars and traders wer~ forced by nec~ssity to l~arn to
~'
`
1 3~7591
undorstand on~ anoth~r'~ languago or to perish ln tho ~conomic
a~ w~ll a~ the phy~lcal world~. Thi~, a~ we all know, re~ulted
in extensive and lsng languag~ studies wlth thQ erudlte
academicians handling ths complex aspects o~ th~
OS communications exchange, whlle th~ mor~ pragmatic day-to-day
trader3 and businessmen dev~loped ~hort ter~e mean3 o~
communication. A need aro~e to ~atlsfy ~he requirement~ o~ an
exact but easy mean~ for corr~pondencQ between lay persons
and small businessmen.
Small, handheld, phrass book~ proli~era~ed to facllltate
phonetic intercourse by visiting tourists and servicemQn.
Unfortunately, the phonics in these booklet~, a~ well a~ thelr
limited scope, limit~d the amount o~ intercourse pos~ibla.
Small dictionaries that permitted word to word translation
were available but unfortuna~ely they did not provid~ a mean~
for transposing words to give a mora accurate grammatical
rendition in the target language. Variation~ on the~ item9
became avallable upon the appearance o~ th~ liquid and gaseou~
cxystal readout devic~s which permitt~d storag~ Oæ a limited
vocabulary o~ words and thelr direct kranslatable equlvalent~
in a phonic form. Here again, ths limited capacity dld not
permit the introduction of adequate grammatical improvement of
syntax.
The advent of the personal ComputQrS and the
microprocessors has brought a ~lood of approaches to the
patent offices around the world. The devices have ranged from
direct word for word tran~lation devices to key word
translation directly into phrase For example, a word to word
translation device can be ~ound in U.S. Letter~ Patent No.
1 3~)75ql
~, 502 ,12~, TRANSh~TION BXTW2~M NATtJRA~ ~NGUAG~, thi~ patQnt
being dl~ct~d to an inputtlng o~ a ~ent~nc~ de~crlb~d by a
~ir~t natural langua~ bein~ ~Actloned into individual word~.
Parts o~ speech corre~pondin~ to the~e individual word3 ar~
oS ratrieved fro~ a lexical word storage, wher~by th~ input
sent~nc~ i5 described by a corresponding ~trlng o~ the part~
o~-~peech a~ retrieved. A tran~lation pattQrn tabl~ pr~viously
prepax~d compare~ ~tring~ o~ parkR-o~-spQ~ch ~or th~ gixst
natural languaga with tho~ o~ th~ ~cond l~ngu~g~ and
lo tran~form~ the first string~ o~ parts o~-~peech into ~tring~
o~ part~ o~-speech of th~ second languag~. Th~ output sentence
de cribed by t~e ~econd natural languag~ i~ gQne~rat~d by
sequencing target words ln accordance with tha sequ~nt~al
order of the parts of speech of the string patt~rn obtain~d
after th~ transformation. Thls i~ a complex procedure at be~t.
U.S.Letter~ Pat~nt No~. 4,412~305; 4,541,069 4,439,836
and 4,36~,315 relate to tran lation devic~ wh~x~ln a ~inglo
word i3 us~d as the input to produca tho translation o~ ~ntiro
group~ o~ word~, such a~ ~ntanco$ or phrases; a ~ingl~ word
enterad wlll access particular sentences withln llmited
sub~ct categories: letter~ within words or groups o~ words
produces an equivalency detectable by a comparl~on circuit
resulting in the represQntation in a second language o~ a
plurality of words regardles~ o~ whether it i~ a noni~flected
word or an inflected word; and phra~e~ can be tisd to computer
specified aural or visual control m~s~age~ for us~ by an
operator who chooses to use a particular languayQ in the
operation of a machine tool. Similarly, alphabetical acces~ing
to an elec~ronic ~ranslator can b~ accomplishe~ by ~tor$ng
~ 1 307591
addres~ code~ with each word, a~ in U.9.Patenk 4,541,069; as
well a~ utilization o~ a y~t~ ~or automatically hyphQnating
and verigylng the sp~lling o~ woxd~ in a multi-llngual
document can be carried out undsr U.S.Patent 4,456,969.
05 ~9 can be seen from tudy o~ ~h~ pr$or ar~ r~erences,
generally found in U~SoCl~ 3~4~900~ a d$rec~ tran~latlon ~ro~
on~ natural languagQ to anothar natural languag~ ha~ a
~ultiplicity o~ roadblock , eith2r in th~ lack o~ an available
direct translation or in ~a~or gram~a~ical probl~ms du~ to
languag~ structure or in tho rQlative ~ag~ o~ d~velopmont Or
one of the language3.
SUMMARY OF TH~ INVENTION
Tha present invention ralates to th~ tran~lation between
two natianal language~ by the utilization o~ an lnte~mediate
step or pathway o~ ~ranslatlng into a created lnternational
languago ~rom the first or ~ourc~ national langua~e and th~n
tran~la~ing from the creatQ~ international language into th~
s~cond or ~arg~t national languags.
Such a transl~tisn is r~var~ible in elth~r direction and
can accommod~t~ tran~latlon fro~ onQ national langua~Q into
the cr~atQd international languaga and then ~ran~late into a
multiplicity of second national languages from the created
international language text.
By utilization of a created international language
lntermediate path, it simplifie~ translation. Since most
created international language~ only have regular verb~ t the
irregulax verb problem i~ eliminated in th~ initial
tran~lation by all verb being mad~ regular or shunt~d aside
-''" ' 1 3075ql
into a secondary tran~latlon operation a~tsr ~11 othQr
tr~n~l~tlon ha~ b~en acco~plish~d,
It ~u~t ba recogniz0d that, whil~ th~ t0~ "creatsd
internatlonal langua~" or "arti~iclal languag~ u~ed
o5 hor~in, this invention cont~pl~t~ a~ w~ll the utllization o~
alpha~tlc, num~rlc, alph~nu~eric, ~ymbollG (or any
combin~tion o~ thes~) that relat~ to a compre~s~d vocabula~y
and/or ~yntax (or a non-co~pr~ d vocabulary) but wlth each
having a ~impl~ied and regular grafflmar.
lo Redundancy i~ generally ovsrcom~ by ell~inating
prepositlonal phrase~ and inf lnitiv~0 It allows ~ cholc~ o~
thQ i~plistic approach a~ w~ll as a broad~r ~or~ poll~h~d
path, but both o~ which employ accuracy in moYem~nt b~tw~n
thQ two national language
Th~ use of parsQ and ~lag~ to numerically ke~p traoX of
thQ ~entence being worked on al~o expedite~ th~ operatlon o~
th~ mathod.
BRIEF DESC~IP~ION OP T~ DRAWING
Fig. 1 is a diagramatic ~howlng o~ the utilization o~ a
created int~rnational languago, tha exampl~ utillze~ Esperanto
although others could be u3ed, a~ an intermedia~a pathway in
translating between ~wo national languages7 and
Fig.2 is a block diagram showing a schematic arrangement
o~ the flow of information within a computer under the method
of th~ present invention and can b~ re~erred to in ~ollowing
th~ de~cription that ~ollow~O
`` - 1 3075ql
VESCRIPTION OF THE ~REFERRED EM~ODI~ENT
Thl~ invs~tion contemplate~ thQ usage o~ a comput~r, 3uch
a~ an ~ ^ PC, that utllize~ MS-DOS and i~ capabl~ o~
acc~pting 8ASIC as well a~ other program~ing language3, such
05 a~ C/P~, Ass~bler languag~, Cobol, Fortr~n, or any oth2r
compatible computer language. Other so~tware such as
compilsrs plu8 other speed enhancing arrange~snt~ can b~
utilized in subroutines as well as in thQ ~aln ~r~am o~ thl~
m~thod.
10As was indicated above, thi~ method o~ tran~lation
batween two na~ional language~ includes the st~p of utilizing
a created international language bridge, whereby any on~ o~ a
pl-~rality of national languageq can be compatibly translatQd
into the chosen created international language and, then~ can
be translated from the created international languag~ into any
chosen one o~ a plurality of national languages . Ther~ are
several such "crea~ed'3 international languagas, the most
- common o~ which is Esperanto created in the 1880's by Dr.
Ludovic La~arus Za~enhof ~1859-1917) o~ Poland~ It contains a
precompre~d vocabulary (roughly one~tenth tha number o~
words as Engl~sh) and a completely simpll~ied and regular
grammar. Thi~ eliminates the need for many complex
mathematical statements to account ~or ~he gra~matical
differences between existing national languages. While other
created international languages, for example, Inter Lingua,
Modified Esperanto, or Volupuk, could be used, the present
disclosurs utilizes Esperanto. It must be recognized tha ,
while the term ~created in~ernational language" or "arti~icial
languag~" is used herein, th~s invention contemplate~ a~ well
?5 ~ Q ~rK
; ~ 0 7 5 9 1
tho utlllz~tlon o~ alphabetic, num~ic, alphanum~ric, symbollc
~or any co~b~ination oX the~e3 that relates to a compr~ssad
vocabulary and/or ~yntax (o~ a non-Gompre~sed vocabulary) but
with each o~ these having a 3impli~ied and regular grammar.
05 Ther~ are Espexanto textbook~ available in 80me ~ y
language~. Th~ two national languages us~d in the illu~trak~d
embodiments of this specificatio~ ar~ ~ngli~h and Ger~an,
however, thQ method can b~ succe~sfully utilizad with a
multitude o~ other languag~, i . Q., Japan~e, ~anl3h,
French, Russian, and Ch$nese. Addi~ionally; most all languags~
arQ compatible with an intermad~ata simpllfled and regulariz~d
language, one of which i~ Esp~ranto, and th~y could b~ readily
adapted for use with this method. It must be realized that, by
util~zing Esperanto as the intermediate pathway b~twQen th~
two national languages, the m~thod i~ reverRible and the
translation from language A to languag~ B can go in the
opposito direction, from language B to languag~ A, wlth e~ual
~acility, see Fig.l.
A multiplz languagQ dictionary data basQ, inaluding
Esperanto, was prepared and plac~d on a limitad acce~ di3k:
along wlth other subroutine~, thak can b~ acce~sed by
computer, are provided and called upon to smooth out the
tran~lation a~ it progres ~. It should be recognized that it
is not only possible, but also acc~ptable, in certain
circumstances, to utiliz~ the simplistic approach o~
tran31ating from a base national language in~o Esperanto and
then directly into the target national language. This o~ten
produce~ an elementary kype of resulting languagQ that i5
totally acceptable in instances where the recipient o~ the
1 307591
document i~ not lingui3ticall~ ~ophi~tlcatad, or whet0 th0
m~ag- being conveyed do~ nc~t requir~ addltlonal nuance,~ 9
Thi~ 1~ o~t~n utillz~d to gr~ k advantage ln br~Q~ o~rs and
acceptances in cornmercial tran~aation~, whers on0 party ordar~
05 a ~p~ci~ic quantity o~ a pxoduc:t having a g~neril~ nam~
util ized in both languag~ and tha ~cond party mer~ly
conrirm~ availability and d~livery in~or~ation, It ~180 i~
o~ten readlly acceptable in tha ~cientific c:o~anity.
The niceties requir~d in ~ocial in~ercour~e, how~v~r, can
be~ supplied by th~ application o:e tha otll~r subroutin~ shown
in abbreviated ~lowchart form in Flg. 2, and which aro
described now in mor~ detall.
An operator ma}ce~ a choice ~ ~rom an apprs:~priat~ ~tarting
menu, of the national language that will be used in entering
the text that is to be ~ranslated. From a keyboard ter~inal,
the source text in the chosen language, in this ~xample
English, is introduced into the comput~r and placad in a
created text fil~.<ENGTXT~ (It should bQ noted that the
language of the boxes in tho flow chart o~ Fig~2 will b~
utilized in the description o~ each o~ the ct~ps in this
mQthod)
When the text has been fully enter~d into the text flle
it i9 then operated upon and parsed into indlvidual sentences
with each sentence being plaaed in it own file.<SENPARSE>
Each of the individual sentenc~ file~ is preferably
"flaggPd" whereby it i~ numerically kept track of, thereby
aiding the computer in ascertaining which sentence it is
working onl as well as providing a return point of a loop for
operation on succe~siv~ ~ sent~nce~ <SENROUTl~. (In th~
- 1 3075~1
~lowchart o~ Fig. 2 th~ ter~ "TEX~ whim~ically 3hown a~
being broken up into lndlvidual parts arld includ~ an
addltior~al on~ lndlcated a~ "n+~" which would indica~3 thalt
all o~ th~ sentences had b~n handl~d and th~ co~put~r would
05 then proceed to tha steps leading ~o 'lend'l. )
With the text par~ed into lndividual s~nkence~ and
properly flagged, the individual words are tran~lated ~rom the
original text language, Engll~h, lnto Esperanto to ~orm the
strea2nline intermediate pathway. Each individual word i8
assigned a grammatical tag as it is b~ing tran~lated. All
irrsgular verbs in Engllsh are "smoothed out'~ into r~gular
ending Esperanto verb ending~. Slnce E~p~ranto U8~S on~-tanth
the number of words that are found in the English voca~3ulary
tho numb r of " lookups" in tha electronic data base is
drastically reduced. ~he dictionary data ba~e~ a~ was
previously noted, is provided with limited access whereby
introduction of special word~ that havo a highly repeated
volum~ of u~age or which ar~ o~ a speclalized nature, i.e.,
medical, cientific, or restrictQd com~ercial, can undor
proper clrcumstanc2~ and procedures h~ added to th~
dic~ionary.
Continuing this translation, it i~ placed in a temporary
~ile until the entire sentencQ being acted upon is completely
translated into the intermediate language~
The next step is ~or the GOmpUter to access another
sector of the electron~c dictionary data base ~or the
transla~ion of all interm~diat~ pathway ERperanto words
(except verbs) in~o the target language equivalentR, in th~s
~xample tha target language is ~erman .
1 30759 1
.
All o~ the re~naining untranslated wOr~l8, namely, the
verba, ~ tran~lated i~o taEget language verb root, excep1;
~or the verb ~nding. The pro~ram than make~ u~o o~ ar~if'icial
pr2sent/past/~uture ending~ whlch impo~ a regularity on
05 "lxregular" verb 3ystems. lt al30 s~r~es to con~ugate
~Iregular~ verbs. Fox example, the G~man verb ~cheAIt (t~ ~eo)
is r~ndered a~ "seha~" ~th~ "-a~ the Esperanto endiny),
ther~ore, all o~ ths Gerrnan verbs ar~ artl3~iclally
regularized ~or now .
Each sentence then is paxsed into individual word~, ~ach
being prererahly a~signed their own tempoxary fil~
A~ter each sentenced is par~d, th~ program Dlay t~rmlnzlta
by utilizing the path to th~ far left in Fig. 2 and proc~sd
~olely on the basis o~ thQ translation ~rom th6~ ~ource
15 languags into the intermediatQ pathway l~nguaga and thence
into the target languags. A8 ha~ be~n pr~v:Lou~ly indicats3d,
th~rQ ara circumstance~ wher~ such a tran~latlon i~ totally
adequat~ and ha~ th~ advantag~ o~ speed. If, howev~r, a mor~
re~ined lnterpre~akion i~ required ~hen ~he program p~ovide~ a
20 plurality o~ alternative subroutine~ which can be called up
~or actlon on the par~;~d s~nt~ncsO Thera 1~ no important ord~r
or sequ~nc~ in which the~e subroutlne~ must bo u~d. Fuxl:her,
it i~ not mandatory that each o~ them be used in the smoothing
process since it is conceivable thak, due to structure of the
2s target language, i~ might not require or permit the
application of a particular subroutine.
It is important to remember that sach time an individual
word is transformed, or as::ted upon in any ~a~hic:n~ it is
r~placed in its sen~enca a~ t~ snd Or ~he sub~ou'cine then
. lQ
- ,
.
1 -~075~ 1
being utiliz0~. Similarly, th~ order ~t ~Qrth in thl~
dQscriptiv~ m~t~rlal i~ not controlling o~ the ultim~te ord~r
o~ use, nor does it a~eat th~ outco~ anticip~ted.
~oing ~orward with th~ transl~tlon, th~ pars~d ~entenc~
05 may proceed to the subroutinQ wherQ thQ ~iRcellan~ous gra~ar
program moves th~ position o~ word3 w~thin the tran~late~
sent~nce, where nece~sary, or, conjugate~ irx~gular v~rb~, or,
deals wlth "ona-o~a-kind" ~ituation~ pQculiar to th~ target
languag~, in this example ~erman.
In certain language~ there ~xi~ a sy~te~ o~ ca~e~,
meaning, certain words will appear di~ferently by tham~elVQ~9
or will change the manner in whi~h "surroundlng~ word~ (~u~h
a~ ad~ectives) ar~ used in coniuncti~n wlth ~uch word~. Th~se
"Casas" can be applied, whera n2cessary, for a particular
language.
Ad~ectives are deGlined according to thQ rule~ o~ th~
target (German) language, based upon preposition~ encounkered
in a particular phra~e, and the noun ~ollowing. Thl~
accomplished through th~ u8e of contQxt recognition, which i5
utilized in another o~ the steps avallable herein.
An infinitives program ~not shown) res~ores verb.s to
thoir "dictionary" format, as reguired; in the target (German)
language, for example, "to go"--~"zu gehen" becomes just
"gehen". The "z~ "to" is redundant for purposes of thi~
invention.
An adverb program acknowledge~ the idiosyncra~ie of
variou~ languages and shift~ adverb~ around ver~s in the
fa~hion of the chosen targ~t language: e.g. "~e speak~
11
1 3075~1
~luently~ "H~ ~luently ~p~a~",.. 7 etc~ Thl~ nother
poll~hing op~ra~ion availablo in thl~ m~thod.
~h~r~ o~ten are di~rent varb con~ugations that aro
uniqu~ to the target languag~ (both in "regular" a~ well a~
05 "irregular" verbs). Instead- o~ haviny an astrono~ic~l n~mber
o~ irregular verbs in th~ original lan~uag~ that mu~t b~
match~d to an exce~slv~ nu~ber o~ verb~ in th~ t~rg~t
languag~, thi~ i~ an ar~a wh~r~ th~ lntermedla~e pathway
languag~, in thi~ ~bod~snt, E~p~ranto, saY~s tl~ and
comput~r memory ~tora~e spa~ in tha~ the combinakion~l
possibilitie~ are reduced by going through the "regular"
E~peranto verb stage. To provid~ smoother text, howav~r, thi~
subxoutin~ can be utilized to handle the verb con~ugation~ in
tha target national language .
lS Quite often a pronoun will change based upon context, for
example, i~ the pronoun i~ "doing'l ~omething it will dl~fer
from the same pronoun that lg ~belng acted upon~. The context
evaluation and correctlon will b~ handled in th~ subroutlnQ
designated Pronoun Shift~.
As sort o~' a sentry or watchdog the sub rcutinQ
~SENROUT2>, in the pr~s~nt method, checks th~ "~lag"
p~viou~ly gen~rated in "SENROUT1~ and decide3 where to
go,i.~O,to do another SentQnc~ or, to go on toward. "end", in
the Menu, if there are no more ~entenca~ to do ~
All of the sentences can be individually collected in a
single temporary ~ile where th~ final document i5 recomposed
~entence by sentence in tha target lan~uage, all within the
samo ~ . (It must b~ remembered that thi~ could be
de lgnated "RUSSIAN'~ or any oth0r natlonal language that i9
12 '
1 307591
s~xving a~ th~ target languagQ) ~his ~ can also be u~d 1
th~ final tran~lation t~r~lna~d wikh the tran~latlon ~ro~
Eep~ranto to kh~ target languag~ without utilizing any o~ the
"~ina tuning'l subroutine~ discu~d abov~.
os In the flnal sub-rout~ne o~ the method, khl3 step ~trips
o~f any grammatical tag~ ac~umulated during tha
tra~latlon/interpretation proce~s and can, i~ desired,
~print~ the word of ~ach sQntence~
The document i~ now available, optionally, ~or a ~inal
viewing in the taryet (G0rman~ languag~, and~ it da~ired, ~or
~inal manual editing prior to hard copy printing.
The final optional printing operatlon p~rmlt~ a choic~ o~
printing ~Ihard copy" of eith~r or both th~ original national
languags source text and th~ target national language text.
Files çan be preserved in cho3en subdirectorle and/or can be
~dited and interfaced with compatibl~ word proces~ing programs
prior to possibl~ ~iling in a cho~en ~ubdirectory. ~hQ program
r~turns the user to ~h0 Menu in preparatisn ~or th~ next
tran~lation.
As was previously indicated, two o~ th~ optional step~
were not inter~ac~d with the program described, T~es~, once
again, are subroutine~ or ~ileB that may provide additional
smoothing out of the final translation. The first of these
optional steps in the method would further re~ine the initial
input by a series of files which would sequentially~ i)
immediately parse sentence~ into individual word file~, ii)
such parsing would not only translate words into the created
international language a~ each word is en~ered in~o its
individual ile, bu~, algo, i~ would add a grammatical ~ag on
13
' - 1 3075ql
each word, e.~. "you"---"PN:y~u PN; " ~PN ~ pronoun3; ill) thl~
i~ ~as~ on word~ b~or~a or a~tar, d~t~rmln~ a word is a
noufl or værb. Thi~ i~ a cont~ dQt3xmin~r that ba~cally i~ a
~orm o~ "artlficlal intelli~ence~ and re~ir~ an in~dQpth
05 arsaly~i~, with multitudinou~ exampll3~ to bQ checlc~ad ag~in~,
o~ the context being act~d upon .
Tho o1:h~r optional operation tak~ plac~ in tr~ting th~
acco3npii~hed tran~lation by taking car~ o~ th~ E:n~ h
languag~ p~culiarity o~ h~vlnq ~or~ o~ "to do" or l'do'a in
10 front o~ v~rbs, (e.g. I do go ~ I go/ I did go ~ ~ werlt) .
Whi LG these xe~inelu~ntss ar~ o~1:on d~irabl~ in ~o~
nicetles, they aro not ~andatory ~eor simplla corr~ t
communlcation, but rather mer~ly show an in depth knowl~d~s o~
tho nuance~ o~ the 1 anguagoO In certain in3tance~ th~ can bs
15 o~ great help from a social prestlq~ posltion, howeYer~ the
day tc~ day dealings can probably be handled quite as
e~ectivsly without bowlng to the add~d tim~3 paramet~r
re~ulr3d for theso re~in~ments and obtain th~ ~ame e~:elcacy
thxough use o~ tho abbrevlatle3d direc:t inter~odiate pathway
2 0 created language tran~lation .
Furth~3r, it i~ contemplated that this method can be
inter~aced with various types o~ ~ynthesizers , e . g ., whereby
keyboard~ can be interfaced ~hrough computers ~o modems and
where the typing of text will be translated into spoken word
25 for transmis~ion to the recipient, or, voice recognition can
~2 combined with phone modems , e . g., automatic translation of
comrers~tion~ into ei~her written, voice-synthesized
transl~tion or other elec~ronic r~pre~enta~ion. $hl~ could b~
a r~vsr~ibl~ procedura i~ ~h~ recipi~n~ had th~ sa~e p~ogra~
14
- 1 3075~1
at hl~ end, or altexnativ~ly, it could be received ln printed
~o~ s~n th~ output CRT when r~c~ivQd over ~ mod~m int~r~aced
wlth a ~put~r.
Utilization o~ the m~tho~ can b~ applied in co~mercial
05 si~uatlon~ by an inter~a~e o~ a compu~er with mod~m-typ~
coIIununlcation lines and where deslred reponsQ~ could bs made
in th~ sender ' 8 national language and tran~lated by th~3
csmputer to b~ transmitted over ~h~ com~unication lin~ th4
nat~onal target languag~ o~ thel recipient. It i~ corlt~plat~d
10 that thQ written document could b~ synth~lzed into a
synthe3ized voice translatlon or vice ver~
interchang2abl~.
Other examples and modi~icatlons of the method and
apparatu set forth herein will b~ apparent to tho~e ~killed
15 in th~ art, but it is my desire to be limited only by the
5cope 0~ my appended claim~.
