Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
133~13
The present Inventlon relates to an aqueous stable sus-
penslon of water-lnsoluble slllcates capable of blndlng calclum ~-
lons and Its use for the manufacturlng of washlng and cleanlng
agents.
- '
Methods of washlng or cleanlng solld materlals, partlc-
ularly textlles, as well as washlng and cleanlng agents sultable
for carrylng out these methods are known, whereln the phosphates ~;~
capable of formlng calclum-blndlng complexes are substltuted,
entlrely or partly, by flnely dlvlded water-lnsoluble alumlnum
slllcates that generally contaln water of comblnatlon and are
capable of calclum blndlng (see DE-OS 24 12 837).
The latter Include compounds of the general formula ~ -~
(Cat2/nO)x Me23 (S 102)y (1
~ '
whereln Cat denotes a catlon Interchangeable wlth calclum and
havlng a valence of n, x Is a number from 0.7 to 1.5, Me Is alu~
20 mlnum and y Is a number from 0.8 to 6, preferably from 1.3 to 4.
Sodlum Is preferred as the catlon, but It may also be replaced
wlth llthlum, potasslum, ammonlum or magneslum.
The above-deflned calclum-blndlng compounds wlll be
herelnafter referred to as alumlnum slllcates~ for the sake of
slmplIclty. Thls applles partlcularly also to the sodlum alu-
mlnum slllcates whlch are preferred. All further references to
thelr use accordlng to the Inventlon as well as general state-
ments as to thelr productlon and propertles apply correspondlngly
to all the above-defIned compounds.
The calclum blndlng capaclty of the alumlnum slllcates
that are partlcularly sultable for use In washlng and cleanlng
agents Is preferably 50 to 200 mg CaO per gram of anhydrous alu-
35 mlnum slllcate. When a reference Is made herelnafter to an anhy- ~
drous alumlnum slllcate, It means thls compound as obtalned by a -
' ' "
"
1330~3
one-hour long drylng at 800C. Such drylng practIcally removes
all the assoclated and comblned water from the slllcate.
It Is advantageous, when manufacturlng washln~ or
cleanlng agents comprlslng beslde usual components also the
above-defIned alumlnum slllcates, to start wlth these slllcates
when molst, for Instance rlght after thelr productlon. The molst
slllcates are then mlxed wlth at least a part of the other compo-
nents of the fInal agent and then the mlxture Is subJected to
known operatlons such as, for example, spray drylng to obtaln the
washlng or cleanlng agent - the end product, e.g. In a pourable
form.
In the above-descrlbed method of productlon of washlng
or cleanlng agents, the alumlnum slllcates may be supplled or
used for Instance as aqueous suspenslons. However, cer$aln prop-
ertles, e.g. stablllty and pumpablllty of the suspenslons of the
alumlnum slllcates dlspersed In aqueous phase, would stlll
requlred some Improvement.
It Is known to employ alkylphenol-ethyiene adduct
compounds to form alumlnum slllcate suspenslons. Such compounds
havlng 6 to 7 moles of ethylene oxlde have been used as descrlbed :~
In DE-OS 26 15 698.
Due to Increased ecologlcal awareness of soclety, more
attentlon has been drawn recently to the problem of the blologl-
cal decomposltlon of the compounds. Beslde the prlmary decompo-
sltlon, I.e. the loss of the boundary layer actlvlty, the sec-
ondary decomposltlon l.e. mlnerallzatlon Is also more In thellmellght. Both the prImary and partIcularly the secondary
decomposltlon depend on the llnearIty of the hydrocarbon chaln.
Thls means that, as a rule, the more branched the hydrocarbon
chaln, the more dlfflcult the decomposltlon.
~5
The nonylphenol ethoxylates used accordln~ to the
r
l33a~
German OS 32 09 631, due to thelr benzene rlng and branched nonyl
radlcal, rank as poorly decomposlng compounds. In partlcular,
there Is a rlsk of produclng toxlc nonylphenol as a metastable
decomposltlon product. For that reason, the German cleanlng~
product manufacturers abandoned the the use of nonylphenol
ethoxylates and In Swltzerland Its use Is to be prohlblted as
well.
The Isotrldecylpolyethoxylates dlsclosed In German OS -
10 34 44 311 denote, as thelr name suggests, branched oxoalcohols
havlng the degree of branchln~ of at least 50X. Thls deflnltlon
covers Innumerable Isomerlc mlxtures, often wlth all posslble
branches such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and Isopropyl. There has
been In exlstence a preJudlclal oplnlon that only such branched
surface-actlve agents are preferable for zeolIte A slurry stabl- ;~
llzatlon.
It has been determlned that certaln mlxtures of largely
llnear alkylpolyethoxylates are capable, to a qulte substantlal
de~ree, of stablllzlng suspenslons of the above-defIned calclum-
blndln~ alumlnum slllcates In such a way that the suspenslons
remaln stable, even at a hl~h sollds content, for a long perlod
of tIme and can ~Iso be pumped wlthout problems after a long
standlng tlme. !t has been found, unexPectedly, that these cer-
25 taln mlxtures can stablllze the sedlmentatlon, wlthout agltatlng, - -
of even wet alumlnum slllcates wlth the water content of up to
70X, for a prolon~ed perlod of tlme.
The Inventlon thus provldes an aqueous, pumpable,
stable suspenslon of a water-lnsoluble slllcate capable of blnd-
lng calclum lons, the suspenslon comprlslng, based on the total ;
welght of the aqueous suspenslon, A) 0.5 to 80 wt.X of a fInely
dlvlded, comblned-water contalnlng, synthetlc water-lnsoluble
compound of the general formula
(Cat2/nO)x ' Me23 (S102)y (
_ ~ _
as the calclum-blndlng slllcate, whereln Cat denotes a catlon -
Interchan~eable wlth calclum and havln~ a valency of n, x Is a
number from 0.17 to 1.5, Me Is boron or alumlnum, and y Is a num-
ber from 0.8 to 6, and B) 0.5 to 6 wt.% of a mlxture of at least
two alkylpolyethoxylates of the formula
R - (OCH2CH2)n-OH ~ )
as a dlsperslng Ingredlent whereln R Is C10_15 alkyl wlth a
branchlng degree of maxlmum Z5X whlch means that at the most, 25X
of the alkylpolyethoxylate (ethoxylated fatty alcohol) exhlblt a -~;
slmple methyl branchln~, and n Is 3-5.5, preferably 3 to 5,
mdles E0 for a fIrst component, and 5 to 7, preferably, 5.75-7
moles E0 for a second component.
The Ingredlent A) In the suspenslon of the Inventlon
may be In a crystalllne form. In formula 1 of the Ingredlent A),
y may be a number from 1.3 to 4.
In a preferred embodlment of the Inventlon, the crys-
talllne Ingredlent A) may be a type A zeolIte.
The above-speclfled compounds are essentlal parts of
the suspenslon of the Inventlon. They may also, however, be
accompanled by further Ingredlents, e.g. foam Inhlbltors or so-
called dlssolvlng Intermedlarles l.e. compounds that Improve the
solublll$y of the dlsperslng agent In the aqueous phase. Conven- ~ :
tlonal foam depressors can be used for foam Inhlbltlng e.g. foam
Inhlbltlng soaps, slllcone foam removers, foam depressln~ trla-
zlne derIvatlves etc., all of them conventlonal. Generally, such
addltlves are not mandatory but may prove deslrable when foamlng
dlspersants are Involved, partlcularly In the case of a hlgh con-
tent of alkylbenzenesulfonlc acld.
Addlng the dlssolvlng In~ermedlarles Is also not
requlred generally but may be advlsable when the suspenslon of
,, . ' ' ' ~ ' . ' .' '
1330~13 ::
the Inventlon contalns a hydrophlllc but poorly water-soluble 1
collold, e.y. polyvlnyl alcohol as a stabillzer. By way of
example, a preferable dlssolvln~ Intermedlary to use, Is sodlum
salt of toluenesulfonlc acld or polyglycol ether. The content of
the dlssolvlng Intermedlary In the suspenslon can be, for
example, of the same order as the content of the stablllzlng
agent. Other compounds sultable as dlssolvlng Intermedlarles are
generally known In the art; hydrotroplc agents, e.y. benzenesul-
fonlc acld, xylenesulfonlc acld or thelr respectlve salts, and
also octyl sulfate are sultable for the purposes of the Inven-
tlon.
Whenever a reference Is made to the Uconcentratlon of
the alumlnum slllcate~, ~sollds content:~ or ~actIve substance~
(AS) content, such reference applles to the alumlnum slllcate as
drled at 800C for one hour. Such drylng wlll Dractlcally remove
all water of comblnatlon and assoclated (hydrate) water there-
from.
As the a5umlnum slllcates of the Ingredlent (A), use
can be made of amorphous or crystalllne products; understandably,
mlxtures of the amorphous and crystalllne products as well as
partly crystalllne products may also be employed. Naturally
occurrlng alumlnum slllcates or the synthetlc products may be
consldered, the synthetlc slllcates beln~ preferable. The slll-
cates can be obtalned, for Instance, by reactlny water-soluble
slllcates wlth water-soluble alumlnates In the presence of water.
To that end, aqueous solutlons of the raw materlals may be mlxed
together or a solld component may be reacted wlth the other com-
ponent In an aqueous solutlon form. Even when both componentsexlst In a solld form, they can be mlxed to obtaln, In the pres-
ence of water, the deslred alumlnum slllcates. Also, an exchanye
reactlon of Al(OH)2, Al203 or Sl02 wlth alkall slllcate solutlons
or alkall alumlnate solutlons can yleld alumlnum slllcates.
Also, other known methods may be employed to obtaln alumlnum sll-
lcates. Thls Inventlon, In partlcular, relates to alumlnum slll-
' ' ' : . ' ' ' . ' ', ' ' . . ~
:': ,
133~513
cates whlch have a tri-dlmenslonal space-lattlce structure.
The preferable calclum-bondlng power of approxImately
100-200 mg CaO/ g AS, usually 100-180 mg CaO~g AS Is exhIbIted by
compounds of the composltlon:
0.7 - 1.1 Na20 . Al203 . 1.3 - 3.3 Sl02.
- :
Thls summatlon formula comprlses two dlfferent types of
crystalllne structures (or thelr non-crystalllne Inltlal products
respectlvely), whlch also dlffer by thelr summatlon formulae, as
follOws:
a) 0.7 - 1.1 Na20 Al203 1.3 - 2.4 Sl02
b) 0.7 - 1.1 Na20 Al203 2-4 - 3.3 Sl02
These dlfferent crystalllne structures can be seen In
the X-ray dlffractlon dlagram.
The amorphous or crystalllne alumlnum slllcate In an
aqueous susPen~lon form may be separated by flltratlon from the `
remalnlng aqueous solutlon and drled at temperatures of e.g. 50-
400C. The product retalns more or less water of comblnatlon
dependlng on the drylng condltlons.
26
Such hlgh drylng temperatures are generally not recom-
mendable. If the alumlnum slllcate Is Intended for use In wash-
lng and cleanlng agents, drylng temperature should not exceed
200C. However. there Is no need to dry the alumlnum slllcates
after preparatlon In order to obtaln a suspenslon of the present
Inventlon. On the contrary, alumlnum slllcate when stlll wet
after the manufacturln~ may be used, thls belng a partlcularly
advantageous optlon. Stlll further, alumlnum slllcates drled at
medlum temperatures, e.g. 80-200C up to the polnt of removal of
36 the assoclated llquld water may also be used to prepare the sus-
penslons of the Inventlon.
-- 6 --
~...... . . .
-` ~330~13
The granularlty of Indlvldual alumlnum slllcate part-
Icles may vary In a range, say, 0.1~ to 0.1 mm. It Is partlcu-
larly beneflclal to use alumlnum slllcates that comprlse at least
80 wt.X of partlcles In the range from 10 to 0.01~ , especlally
8-0.1,~-
Preferably, these alumlnum slllcates should contaln no
prlmary or secondary partlcles of a slze exceedlng 45,~. The
secondary partlcles are those formed by aggregatlon of the prl-
mary partlcles Into larger formatlons.
In regard to the agglomeratlon of the prlmary partlclesInto larger unlts, the use of alumlnum slllcates stlll wet from
manufacturlng has proven partlcularly beneflclal for the prepara-
tlon of the susPenslons of the present Inventlon, slnce It has
been determlned that the bulIdlng of agglomerates Is practlcally
totally prevented when such stlll wet products are employed.
In a partlcularly preferred embodlment of the Inven-
tlon, a powdery $ype A zeollte wlth a speclflcally deflned part-
lcle slze spec~rum Is used as the Ingredlent A. Such powdery
zeolIte can be produced as descrIbed In DE-AS 24 47 021, DE-AS 25
17 218, DE-OS 26 5Z 419, DE-OS 26 51 420, DE-OS 26 51 436, DE-OS
26 51 437, DE-OS ~6 51 445, DE-OS 26 51 485. The partlcle slze
dlstrlbutlon Is deflned In the respectlve references.
It Is partlcularly preferable to use a zeolIte A In a
form of powder, the zeollte havln~ a partlcle slze dlstrlbutlon
as descrlbed In DE-OS 26 51 485. The concentratlon of the Ingre-
30 dlent A may preferably be 44-55 wt.X, partlcularly 46 to 52 and
more wt.X.
The Ingredlent B preferably conslsts of a mlxture of
two alkylpolyethoxylates whereln one of the ComPOnents Is an
alkylpolyethoxylate wlth 3-5.5 moles of ethylene oxlde and a
cloud polnt of 56-71C, preferably 3 to 5 moles of EO and a cloud ~ ~-
'
-
1330~i13
polnt of 56 to 69C, and more preferably 4-5 moles of EO and a
cloud polnt of 62-67C, the hydrocarbon chaln of R havlng 10-15,
preferably 12-13 carbon atoms, whlle the second component (B) Is
an alkylpolyethoxylate wlth 5 to 7 moles EO and a cloud polnt of
72 to 79C, preferably 5.75 to 7 moles EO and a cloud polnt of
71-80~C, and more preferably 5.5 to 6.5 moles of EO and a cloud
polnt of 72-77C, the hydrocarbon chaln of R havlng 10-15,
preferably 12-15 carbon atoms. The alkylpolyethoxylates can be
mlxed together at a ratlo from 9:1 to 1:9, preferably 2:3 to 3:2,
especlally from 0.9:1.1 to 1.1:0.9. The concentratlon of thls
mlxture In the aqueous suspenslon can be, preferably. from 1 to 2
wt.%, especlally 1.4 to 1.6 wt.X. Thls concentratlon Is suffl-
clent to stablllze a suspenslon wlth the sollds content of 50 and
more wt.X. - ~ `
The advantage of the suspenslon Is Its sedlmentatlon
stablllty and conslstent pumpablllty In a temperature range 10-
50C. Another advantage Is that the alkylpolyethoxylate Is
I Iquld at room temperature and therefore does not requlre any
heatlng. It Is of partlcular advantage that the sollds content
In the inventlve susPenslon can reach a relatlvely hl~h level of
50 and more welght percent.
In contrast thereto, the suspenslon dlsclosed In DE-OS
26 15 698 exhlblts a low sedlmentatlon stablllty. The work-ln
method belng comparable, thls suspenslon Is not homogeneous at
room temperature and thus Its processlng Is poor.
Baslcally, the aqueous suspenslons may contaln, apart
from the above-sald Ingredlents A and B and, If necessary, start-
lng materlals for the productlon thereof, In comparatlvely low
amounts. If a further processlng of the suspenslon to washlng
and cleanlng agents Is Intended, It Is approprlate to add, for
obvlous reasons, such other substances that are sultable as
Ingredlents of such washln~ and cleanlng agents.
- 7a -
,. , .: -; ~. ,- ~ - , . . ,-
133~513
A slmple test can be conducted to glve a measure of the
stablllty of the suspenslon. In the test, an alumlnum slllcate -:~:
suspenslon havlng a deslred concentratlon, e.g. a 31X : ~.
. ' '' '
. ., ~ A; ~ . . .,i ¦
~ ~
''.' .';' '~''"' ~' "'
, ~ ~ ' ''~' '. .
: 35
'~'' . ~ ,
~33~3
- suspension comprising also, in various amounts, a dispersing
agent oE the invention and, if necessary, other substances,
e.g. detergent ingredients such as pentasodium triphosphate
is prepared. The effect of the additive can then be surveyed
visually by monitoring the settling rate of the suspension.
Generally, a good suspension should only settle to such a
degree after a 72-hour long sedimentation -that the clear
supernatant, or the solution free of silicate particles
respectively, does not constitute more than 20%, preferably
not more than 10%, especially no-t more than 6% of the total ~ ;
height.
Generally, the amount of the additives should be such
that the suspension after 24-hour sedimentation, preferably
after 48 hours,especially after 72-hour sedimentation in a
storage container and pipes or hose lines can still be pumped
without problems. The settling characteristics of the suspension
(containing other ingredients as necessary) is tested at room
temperature. They are still pumpable trouble-free after 4 or
8 days' stand time respectively. These suspension stability data
are indeed only a reference point; the stability can be adjusted
individually depending on the need. When the inventive suspension
is to be used as a stoclc suspension for a longer storage in ~ -
a reservoir -to be drawn from when necessary, i-t may be expedient
to reduce the amoun-t of the other ingredients, for example those
of washing and cleaning agents, to a low level or totally
eliminate such ingredients.
The suspension~can be produced by simple mixing of
their ingredients wherein the aluminum silicates may be used
for instance as such or, if need be, already wet from their
manufacturing process or in a form of an aqueous suspension.
It is particularly advantageous to stir the component B into
the aluminum silicates that are still wet from their production,
e.g. in a form of a filter cake.
It will be understood, however, that the aluminum ~ -
silicates may also be used in a dry form, i.e. free of associated
water but still, as the case may be, containing some water of
combination.
- 8 - .~.~;.
133~ 3
The suspensions according to the invention exhibit
also other advantages besides stability. Their stabilizing
influence may be appreciated especially when alumlnum silicates
with particle sizes of 5 - 30 ,um are used. The pumpability of
the s~spensions enables an easy handling oE wet aluminum
silicates. The suspensions retain their satisfactory pumpability `
even after lengthy pumping interruptions. Due to their high
stability, the suspensions can also be transported in typical -
tank cars or tanlc trucl~s without the risk of buildup of useless
or troublesome residue. This feature also makes the suspensions
an excellent way of supplying aluminum silicates, for instance
to the manufacturers of detergents or washing agents. ~ ~
The storage, pumping or transporting in any way of ~ P
the suspensions may be carried out at room temperature or at ~
elevated temperatures. Generally, the suspensions should be ~-
handled at temperatures between room temperature (most preferable)
and ca. 50C.
The suspensions according ~o the invention are
particularly suitable to be further processed into apparently
dry, pourable or free-flowing (triclsling) products, for
instance for manufacturing powdery aluminum silicates. No
cumbersome residues are formed when the aqueous suspensions ;~
are fed to the drying apparatus. It has been further found out
that the suspensions can be processed into remarkably dust-free
products.
. .
Due to -their exceptional stability, the suspensions
can be employed as such, i.e. with no further processing and -~
with or without further additives imparting them a washing,
bleaching and/or cleaning propenties, for instance as water i~
softening agents washing agents and particularly as mild liquid -
scouring agents with enhanced suspension stability.
A particularly importan-t application of the suspensions
is in further processing thereof into pourable or apparently
dry washing or cleaning agents which also contain further
compounds beside the components of the suspensions.
The suspensions are particularly suitable Eor the
manufacture of powdery washing or cleaning agents. To this .
effect, an aqueous flowable mixture of the individual components
of such agent is prepared and then converted in an usual manner
g
.. ... .......... .
! ;' ,,: ; :- , , , . : : . ' ~ ' . .
Into a pourable product. The above-defIned alumlnum slllcates are
used for that purpose In the form of a suspenslon accordlng to
the Inventlon. These suspenslons can be processed Into solld,
pourable washlng and cleanlng agents In any known manner.
The preparatlon of these washlng and cleanlng agents
comprlses mlxlng a suspenslon of the Inventlon, for Instance from
a storage contalner, wlth at least one washlng, bleachlng or
cleanlng Ingredlent of the agent be~ng prepared and then convert-
Ing the resultlng mlxture In any manner Into the powdery product.Advantageously, a complexlng agent Is added for that purpose,
I.e. a compound that Is caPable of blndlng the alkalIne earth
metal lons, partlcularly magneslum and calclum lons that are
responslble for the water hardness.
Generally, In the manufacture of washlng and cleanlng
agents, the suspenslon of the Inventlon Is comblned, preferably,
wlth at least one surfactant that Is not a part of the posslble
Ingredlents of the Ingredlent B.
The manufacture of the washlng and cleanlng agents may
be carrled out In varlous ways. For Instance, the suspenslons of
the Inventlon may be comblned wlth substances capable of blndlng
water of crystalllzatlon, preferably by spraylng the suspenslon
26 on those water-blndlng compounds as dlsposed In a mlxer whereupon
a contlnuous mlxlng Is effected to yleld eventually a solld prod-
uct havlng a dry appearance. However, the recommended procedure
comprlses subJectlng the suspenslons, prepared In a slurry form, I
to atomlzlng drylng wlth at least one further compound havlng a
washlng, bleachlng or cleanlng actlon. In thls connectlon, fur-
ther unexpectcd advantages of the alumlnum slllcate suspenslon
came to llght. It has been determlned that the atomlzlng drylng
wlth added suspenslons of the Inventlon ylelds products that emlt
very llttle dust. Such products are good calclum-blndlng agents
and have a satlsfactory wettablllty.
- 10 -
1330~13
The washlng agents produced by uslng the above-
descrlbed suspenslon can be compounded In varlous ways. Gener-
ally, they would Include at least one water-soluble surfactant
that Is not part of the dlsperslng agents whlch are components of
the alumlnum slllcate suspenslons accordlng to the Inventlon.
Generally, they Include, apart from at least one other Inorganlc
or organlc compound that has washlng, bleachlng or cleanlng prop-
ertles, also an above-defIned alumlnum slllcate as a calclum
blndlng compound. Moreover, such agents may comprlse other typl-
cal auxlllary substances and addltlves, usually In smaller
amounts.
The present Inventlon wlll be further Illustrated by
way of the followlng Examples.
ExamDles
:. ' '
A zeolIte A fllter cake and a stablllzlng agent are ~ ~-
stlrred together wlth water added as necessary. Compounds of the
formula ll are used as the stablllzlng agents. The degree of
ethoxylatlon Is speclfled below. The zeolIte fllter cake Is pre-
pared accordln~ to DE-OS 26 51 485 wlth the partlcle slze range
as speclfled thereln.
In the Examples, 50 kg of non-stablllzed zeolIte sus~
penslon was stlrred up uslng an Ekato Standardmlx stlrrer
equlpped wlth a wlnged dlsk, for one hour at 500 ~ /mln., water
belng added as necessary.
The stablllzlng mlxture was added In an amount of 1.5
wt.X and then the mlxlng contlnued for 10 mlnutes at the same
speed.
The evaluatlon results as shown In Table ~ were
obtalned after ~ days.
-- 1 1 --
~ ~3~0~13
The cloud polnts of the stablllzers used are set forth
In Table ~
1 0 ~ '
2 5 r; ~ t~;
- 11a -
- 133Q~13 : ~
T~B~E I ~
Cloud points (DIN 53 917) of the ethoxylated fatty alcohols ~:
( 5 ~ of surfactant in 25 g of 25% butyl diglycol solution)
C13 allcylpolyethoxylate 4.5 E0 66C
5 0 69
" 5 5 69
" 6.0 72
6.5 76
" 7.0 E0 79C
12/13 allcylpolyethoxylate 4.0 E0 ~2C
9.5 65
4.75 66 -~
, : - .;, .
5.0 68
71 ~-~
" 6 0 74 .
6.5 76
" 7.0 E0 78.C
C19/15 allcylpolyethoxylate 5 E0 65C
7 E0 79C
" 11 E0 86C
C12-15 allcylpolyethoxylate 8 E0.
""" '
In the following tables II to VIII, the alkylpolyethoxy-
lates with C12/13 carbon chain will be designated as ethoxylates 23.~
Correspondingly, a C14/15 alkylpolyethoxylate will ~:
; be designated as 45 and a C12/15 alkylpolyethoxylate as 25.
Thus, ethoxylate 23 - 4.5/5.5 denotes a 1:1 mixture :. .~.
of C12/C13 alkylpolyethoxylate with 4.5 moles E0 and C12~C13
allcylpolyethoxylate having 5.5 moles E0. P
In all examples, the concentration of zeolitr is 50%. : -
-
, -'
- 12 -
13305~3
. ,, ,:
. :.
~, U~ ~
~, ~ ~ U~ U~ ,
~ r~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I u~
m X ~ ~ ~ I
~, . ,~
~ ~ X ::
U~ a)~D, In ~
~ ~ r~ O ~ ' :
~ X~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~
X ~ ~ ~ Ul :
o ~ ....
U~ o .. ..
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As evldenced by Examples 9-33, the low-branched trlde
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: :
It was therefore unexpected to fInd that a comblnatlon
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The alkylpolyethoxylates used accordlng to the Inven-
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very well.
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