Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1 33221 9
The present invention relates to an improved method for
making a wadding having improved thermal insulation
characteristics, particularly designed for making cloth
articles.
Applicants have previously known of a method for making
a wadding to be used in the cloth furnishings or furniture
fields, which essentially comprises the`step of mixing
preferably polyether and siliconized polyester fibres so as
to provide, upon a carding treatment, a soft lap.
This lap is then overcoated, on one of its faces or both
its faces, by a glue mixture, of specifically designed
formulation, so as to provide, upon cross-linking, a very ;~
soft and resilient film on said surfaces.
` The thus processed lap is then subjected to a
calendering step, under variable temperatures and pressures,
in order to substantially reduce its starting thickness.
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During the calendering step, for a very reduced preset
- time, one of the cylinders of the calendering machine is held
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1 3322 1 9
~ into contact with the surface being processed so as to
- provide an expansion thereof able of substantially forming an
air chamber in the inside of the wadding.
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The above illustrated wadding has greatly improved
thermal insulation characteristics, with respect to the
thermal insulation characteristics of the prior art waddings
which, usually, have a very high thickness which prevents
these prior art waddings from being suitably applied in the
cloth field.
While the wadding according to the above mentioned
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method has provided good results, it has been found that its
characteristics could be further improved. ~;~
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-~ Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for
further improving the thermal insulation characteristics of
the aforesaid wadding so as to facîlitate the production of a
~- more compact article of manufacture which may be easily used
in the cloth field.
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;~ The present invention also provides a method for making
waddings which, in addition to having a very good thermal
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1 3322 1 9
insulation, also afford the possibility of dynamically
adjusting the body temperature.
The present invention further provides a method for
making waddings which may be simply and quickly carried out
and which, moreover, can provide an aesthetically valid
product susceptible to be easily processed during the cloth
manufacturing steps.
According to one aspect of the present invention there
- is provided a method for making an improved thermal
insulation characteristic wadding, particularly designed for
making cloth articles, which comprises the steps of:
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providing, by means of carding or other suitable -
machines, a lap obtained from a mixture of polyester or other
nature, possibly siliconized fibers;
resin treating the thus provided lap, on at least a
surface thereof, by using cross-linked structure glues;
calendering the resin treated lap under controlled
i . . .
temperatu~e and pressure conditions in order to provide, on
its surface, a film and, in its inside, an air chamber, so as
to obtain a low thermal exchange coefficient and a dynamic
adjusting of the body temperature.
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1 33221 9
It should be apparent that the above disclosed method
may also be applied to laps which have been obtained from
other synthetic fibres, in addition to the polyester fibres,
such as, for examples, acrylic fibres, polyamide fibres,
5 polyolefine fibres and the like, as well as other natural
fibres, such as vegetable and animal fibres.
In order to resin treat the lap, there are used
specifically designed glues, the chemical formulation of
10 which is very important to obtain the above mentioned thermal
insulation and aesthetical characteristics.
Preferably, the glues used in the method according.to
the invention, consist of emulsions of aliphatic and aromatic
- 15 polyurethane resins, both from po~yethers and polyesters, and
acrylic or metacrylic copolymers, ethylene-vinilacetate
: copolymers, styrene, butadiene copolymers, butadiene-
acrylonitrile copolymers, natural rubber latex and other
products, having a low glass transition temperature
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1 (Tg) and low filming temperatures, added with cros~-
2 lin~ing agentR, surfactant agents, an-tifoaming
3 agents, slipping and the like agents, in order to
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4 facilitate the application of the lap and increase
the properties of the fibres.
6 DESCRIP~ION OF ~ PXEFERRED Er~BODlMElqTS
7 Thereinbelow there are given some indi-
- 8 cative but not limitative examples of pri~ary glue
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: 9 formulation emulsions.
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1 33221 9
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1 From an examination of Table.3, there will
: 2 be gelf evident mainly the good characteristics of
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theru~l r~X~4n~ and the ~ood comfort performance,
~ 4 which may be deduced from the value~ obtained by :~
.. '~ 5 sub~ecting the ~ample~ to a thermal dynamic test,
~ 6 with respect to the example~from 1 to 12.
7 ~Iore ~pecifically, the thermal dynamic
8 test has been de~igned f~r simulating the perfor~-
9 ance of the subject wadding under condition~ in
which the waddin~ has been proce~ed starting from
11 a reot status to an inten~e physical actlvity
12 status.
13 The thermal dynamic te~t has been carried
14 out by using the following method. . -~
A high thermal conductivity pla~tic~ ma-
16 terial ve~sel has been filled with a given water
17 amount, at a temperature of at least 45C.
18 ~he ves~el was enclosed in a jaclcet made
19 from the product to be tested, and thereinto there
has been introduced the probe of a di~ital therq~
21 meter, having a preci~ion of ~ 0.05C. ~;
22 The ves~el ha~ been plugged with a cork
23 or other insulating material plu6 and arranged on
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24 an in~ulating base ~o a~ to prevent heat from dis- ~ :
25. perding in different direction~ from th~e covered .~
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by the product to be tested; the assembl~ has been
~ub~equently a~ranged in an environment at a tempe-
3 rature of 0C.
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4 In order to ~tabilize the ~y~tem the
temperature of the vrater is left to reach 41C~
6 Starting from thi~ time, at intervals of
~-- 7 a preci~e minute, the water temperature ha~ been
8 ~en~ed and noted in a ~uitable table; the test has
; 9 been terminated after 20 ~inutes.
Then,the Dt's (DeltaT = temperature varia-
~ . ~ . .. .
11 tion in C) for each o~ the 19 te~t points have
12 been calculated, obviou~ly starting from the 3econd
r~;
13 te~t point, ~o a~ to obtain the following illustrated
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14 Table, which represent~ the te~t re~ult~:
time temperature Dt
16 1' t 1 (n,a.)
` 17 2' t 2 t 2 - t 1
18 3' t 3 t 3 - t 2
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19' tl9 tl9 - tl8
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21 20' t20 t20 - tl9
22 From an analyzation of the obtained data,
23 and, in the case of conventional product3, it should
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24 be noted that the Dt values hold nea~ly con~tant.
On the cont~ary, in the ca~e of the wadding
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1 according to the pre~ent invention, all of the
2 value~ of Dt ~emain comparatively hi~l in the first
~ 3 readings, but they show a sharp decrea~ing ~-~0~0)
! 4 corre~ponding to a tempe~ature t of about 37C.
-~ 5 This means that the thermal di~persion
,, i3 very high as the temperature is held above 37C,
7 but, as the teml)erature reache~ 37C, th~ ther~nl
8 di8perJion decrea9es b~ 20~ and, accordin~ly, the
~' 9 held heat a unt is greater.
-i10 ~rom the Table, ~rom the botto~ to the
11 top (that i8 from ~he 20th reading to the fir~t),
12 it is possible to clearly understand what happens
13 as the wearer of a cloth including the padding
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rir 14 according to the invention passes from a re~t statu~
to an inten~e physical activity status.
16 ~ far a~ the wearer i~ in a re~t condi-
17 tion or not physically engaged, its body te~perature
18 is held atabout 37C and the subject wadding pro-
~ ~r~su~t~r~
19 vides a maximum thermal ~ua~r in order to
assure this temperature; as the temperature in-
21 creases, because of the physical activity, the eame
22 waddin~ provides a greater heat exchange between
23 the wearer body and environment, thereby ~reatly
24 limiting the perspiration.
A '~on-~lyll readin~ of the ~abie will be
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~u~f~cient to uhow a dynamic performance; however
it ma~ be useful to calculate the so-called
~dynamic re~ponse index" according to the following
m~thod:
y assuming
Dt37~ = the a~erage ~alue of all of the Dt
correspondiD6 to temperatures grcater than 37C
and
Dt37- c the aYera~e of all o~ the Dt corres-
ponding to temperatures less than or equal to
-~ . 37C ~ .
: ~it i8 po~ible to write
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IRD+ = 100 (Dt37~ - D~37-)
Dt37--
`-~ and
`' IRD-- = 100 (Dt37t- -- Dt37--)
Dt37~
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in ~ic~ IRD~ is calculated as INCRE~SI~& of
the heat 1088 as the temperature increases above
37C
;~(by reading from t20 to tl)
IRD~ is calculated a~ a DECREASING of the heat
1088 as the temperature lowex~ under 37C.
(by read~ng from tl to t20)
It should be apparent that since Dt37~ >
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1332219
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~ Dt37-, we will have IRD- < IRD+.
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3 On the other hand, there will be preferably used IRD+
; since it is closest to the actual performance (that is an
~-~ 5 increasing of the temperature due to the physical activity).
.
By using the disclosed glues, to resin treat one of or
both the surfaces of a lap, made by carding possibly
siliconized polyester fibres, there is obtained, because of
the cross-linking phenomenon related to their chemical
formulation, a very soft and elastic film coating the lap.
~, By calendering the resin treated lap under controlled
temperature and pressure conditions, in the inside of the
wadding an air chamber is generated which improves the
wadding thermal insulation characteristics, since it reduces
the overall thermal exchange coefficient of the wadding, both
with respect to the convection heat transmission and the
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i` conduction heat transmission.
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In practicing the invention it has been found that the
method according to the invention, in which for resin
treating the laps there are used the above mentioned glue
formulations, fully achieves the intended objects, since it
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affords the possibility of making waddings which, in addition
to having very good thermal insulation properties, also have
; very good aesthetical characteristics, with the possibility
of fitting the variable body temperature, with a consequent
very high comfort for the user.
'
` Moreover, the thus made product also has the remarkable
advantage of having a high washing resistance, since it may
be subjected to more than ten washing operations, which
correspond to a life greater than the average life of the
cloth articles.
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