Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Z~02438 ~:
AEROSOL DELIVERY ARTICLE :
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to aerosol delivery
articles which employ a relatively low temperature heat
source to volatilize a drug or flavor for delivery.
Over the years, there have been proposed numerous
smoking products, flavor generators and medicinal ~ -
inhalers which utilize various forms of energy to
vaporize or heat a volatile material for delivery to
the mouth of the user. -
U.S. Patent No. 3,258,015 and Australian Patent
No. 276,250 to Ellis et al proposed, among other
embodiments, a smoking article having cut or shredded
tobacco mixed with a pyrophorous material such as
finely divided aluminum hydride, boron hydride, calcium
oxide or fully activated molecular sieves. In use, one `~
end of the article was dipped in water, causing the ;
pyrophorous material to generate heat which reportedly
heated the tobacco to a te~perature between 200C and
400C to cause the tobacco to release volatilizable
materials. Ellis et al also proposed a smoking article
including cut or shredded tobacco separated from a
sealed pyrophorous material such as finely divided
metallic particles. In use, the metallic particle6
were exposed to air to generate heat which reportedly
hcated the tobacco to a temperature between 200C and -
400C to release aerosol for~ing materials fro~ the
tobacco.
PCT Publication No. WO 86/02528 to Nilsson et al ~-;
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~002438
proposed an article 6imilar to that desoribed by
McCormick. Nilsson et al proposed an article for
releasing volatiles from a tobacco material which had
been treated with an aqueous solution of sodium
carbonate. The article resembled a cigarette holder
and reportedly included a battery operated heating coil
to heat an untipped cigarette inserted therein. Air
drawn through the device reportedly was subjected to
elevated temperatures below the combustion temperature
of tobacco and reportedly liberated tobacco flavors
from the treated tobacco contained therein. Nilsson et
al also proposed an alternate source of heat whereby
two liquids were mixed to produce heat.
Despite many years of interest and effort, none of
the foregoing non-combustion articles has ever realized
any significant commercial success, and it is believed
that none has ever been widely marketed. Moreover, it
is believed that none of the foregoing noncombustion -~
articles i8 capable of providing acceptable aerosol
delivery to the user.
Thus, it would be desirable to provide an aerosol
delivery article which utilizes non-combustion energy ~-
and which is capable of providing acceptable quantities ;~ - -
of pleasant tasting flavored vapor or drug in aerosol ~ -
form over at least 6 to 10 puffs. ~ ~;
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION ~ ;
The present invention relates to drug or flavor
telivery articles which normally employ a
non-co~bustion heat source for heating a drug or a
flavor for delivery to the user thereof. Articles of
,
~` 2002438
the present invention produce controlled amounts of
volatilized drugs or flavors which do not volatilize to
any significant degree under ambient conditions, and
such volatilized substances can be provided throughout
each puff, for at least a 6 to lO puff product life.
More particularly, the present invention relates
to aerosol delivery articles having a low temperature I ~ -
heat source which generates heat as a result of one or
more exothermic interactions between the components
thereof. The drug or flavor, which can be carried by a
substrate, is positioned physically separate from, and
in a heat exchange relationship with, the heat source.
By "physically separate" is meant that the drug or
flavor used for aerosol delivery is not mixed with, or
is not a part of, the heat source.
The heat source includes at least one chemical
agent which is capable of interacting exothermically /- -
with a second chemical agent upon contact and/or
suitable activation. Preferably, the heat source
- 20 includes more than one agent which interacts with the
second agent. Preferably, the chemical agents do not
require environmental (i.e., atmospheric) oxygen to
generate heat. The chemical agents can be incorporated ;
or introduced into the heat source in a variety of ~;
ways. For example, the agents can be mixed together,
and the exothermic interaction therebetween can be
initiated upon the introduction of a catalyst or
initiator thereto. Alternatively, the various agents
can be incorporated into the heat source physically - -
separate from one another, and exothermic interaction ~ - -
therebetween is provided by initiating contact of the
various agents. In yet another regard, agents within ~ ~
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the heat source can have a second agent introduced into
the heat source to provide the generation of heat.
The heat source also normally includes (i) a
dispersing agent to reduce the concentration of the
aforementioned chemical agents and help control (i.e.,
limit) the rate of interaction of the chemical agents,
and/or (ii) a phase change material which normally
undergoes a reversible phase change during heat
generation from a solid state to a liquid state, and
back again, to initially absorb heat generated by the
chemical interactants and to release that heat during
the later staqes of heat generation. The dispersing
agent and/or the phase change material help (i) reduce
the maximun temperature of the heat source and the drug
or flavor; and (ii) prolong the life of the heat source
by limiting the rate of interaction of the chemical
agents, in the case of the dispersing agent, and by
absorbing and releasing heat, in the case of the phase
change material.
- 20 A preferred heat source is a mixture of solid
co~ponents wh~ch provide the desired heat delivery upon
interaction of certain components thereof with a liquid
such as water. For example, a solid mixture of calcium
oxide, anhydrous magnesium sulfate, malic acid,
dextrose and 60dium shloride can be contacted with
liguid water to generate heat. Heat is generated by
the hydration of the magnesium sulfate, as well as by
the mal~c ac~d catalyzed reaction of water and calcium
oxide to yield calcium hydroxide. The dextrose
undergoes a phase change from solid to liquid as the
exothermic chemical interactions occur, thus absorbing
energy. This absorbed energy is released at a later
-- 4 --
` ZOOZ438
time when the heat generated by the chemical
interactions diminish and the dextrose re-solidifies.
The 60dium chloride i~ employed as a dispersing agent
in an amount sufficient to disperse the various `
component6 of the heat source to provide a controlled
interaction of components over time.
Another preferred heat source is a mixture of
finely divided aluminum metal and granular sodium
nitrite which can be contacted with an aqueous solution
of sodium hydroxide to generate heat. Heat is
generated by reaction of the aluminum metal w~th the
sodium hydroxide and water to yield sodium aluminate ~-
and hydrogen. The sodium nitrite reacts with the ~`
hydrogen to regenerate water and ~odium hydroxide. As
such, reactants for the heat generating reaction with
the aluminum metal are regenerated such that a `~
controlled generation of heat i6 provided over time. `
Preferred heat 60urce6 generate relatively large
amounts of heat to rapidly heat at least a portion o ~ --
the drug or flavor to a temperature sufficient to
volatilize the drug or flavor. For example, preferred
articles employ a heat source capable of heat:ing at ~ -
least a portion of the drug or flavor to above about
70C within 20 6econds from the time that the heat -
source is activated. Preferred articles employ heat
sources which avoid exce~sive heating of the drug or
flavor and maintain the drug or flavor within a
desired temperature range for about 4 to about 8 `
minutes. For example, it is desirable that the drug or
flavor of the article not exceed 350C, and More
preferably not exceed 200C during the useful life of
the article. For the highly preferred aerosol delivery
- 5 -
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Z002438
articles, the heat sources thereof heat the drug or
flavor contained therein to a temperature range between
about 70C and about 180C, during the useful life of
the article.
Flavors or drugs normally are carried by a
substrate having a porous or fibrous character, or high
surface area. Normally, the substrate is such that the
drug or flavor is carried readily by the substrate
prior to use of the article, but such that the drug or
flavor is released readily at those temperatures
provided by the heat source.
To use the aerosol delivery article of the
invention, the user initiates the interaction between
the components of the heat source, and heat is
generated. The interaction of the components of the
heat source provides sufficient heat to heat the drug
or flavor and the drug or flavor is volatilized from
the substrate. When the user draws on the article, the
volatilized substances pass through the article and
into the mouth of the user.
The articles of the present invention are
described in greater detail in the accompanying
drawings and in the detailed description of the
invention which follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal, sectional view~
of representative embodiments of this invention, and
Figure lA is a cross sectional view of the
I embodiment shown in Figure 1 taken along lines 1-1 in
Figure 1.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS ~ ~:
Referring to Figure 1, aerosol delivery article 10
has an elongated, essentially cylindrical rod shape.
Normally, the length of the article ranges from about
70 mm to about 120 mm, and the circumference ranges ~;;
from about 22 mm to about 30 mm. `"
The article includes an outer member 13 which is a ; -
wrapper as well a~ a means for providing insulative
properties. As shown in Figure 1, the outer member 13 ~ -
can be a layer of thermally insulative material, such
as foamed polystyrene sheet, foil lined paperboard, or
the like. The outer member also can be a paper
wrapper, or an insulative outer member can be wrapped `-~
further with a paper wrapper (not shown). ~ ~ ;
Within the outer member 13 i8 positioned a drug or -- ;
flavor carrying substrate 16 which extends along a
portion of the longitudinal axis of the article. The --
substrate can have a variety of configurations, and
preferably has a high ~urface area to maximize contact
with drawn air passing therethrough. As illustrated,
the substrate 16 can be in the form of an air permeable -
fabric which can have a plurality of air passageways
extending longitudinally therethrough or therearound.
Th~ substrate 16 is located within tubular
container 26 which can be formed from a heat resistant
thermoplastic, metal, or the like. A second tubular
container 30 surrounds the first tubular container 26,
and optionally the length of the article. The second
tubular container can be formed from a heat resistant ~ ~
30; thermoplastic ~aterial, foil lined paperboard, or the ~ ~ -
like. A barrier 33 is positioned in the annular region
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2002438
between tubular containers 26 and 30 near the mouthend
of tubular container 26, and provides an effective air
seal between the two containers in that region. The
barrier can be manufactured from thermoplastic
material, or the like, and can be maintained in place
between the tubular containers 26 and 30 by a tight
friction fit, adhesive, or other such means.
A heat source 35 tdiscussed in greater detail
hereinafter) is positioned in the annular region
between tubular containers 26 and 30. An air permeable
plug 38 is positioned opposite the mouthend of the
article between tubular containers 26 and 30, and acts
to maintain the heat source 16 in the desired position
and location about the substrate 16. Plug 38 can be a
fibrous material such as plasticized cellulose acetate,
or a resilient open cell foam material. The article 10
includes a mouthend region 40 which can include a
filter element 43 or other suitable mouthend piece
which provides a means for delivering aerosol to the
mouth of the user. The filter 43 can have a variety of
configurations and can be manufactured from cellulose
acetate tow, a pleated polypropylene web, molded
polypropylene, or the like. Normally, the filter 43 is -~
provided for aecthet~c purposes, and preferably h~s a
low filtration efficiency. For example, the filter can
have a molded form such as a baffled configuration ~as
shown in Figure 1). In particular, it is most
desirable that high amounts of the volatilized drug or
flavor components pass to the mouth of the user, ant
that low amounts of the dru~ or flavor components be
deposited onto the filter. The article also includes
an air inlet region 46, opposite the mouthend reglon
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200Z438
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40, in order that drawn air can enter the article.
Referring to Figure 2, aerosol delivery article 10
includes a generally tubular outer member 13, such as a
paper wrapper, which contains a flavor carrying
s substrate. Within the substrate is positioned a heat -~ ~
resistant cartridge 50 having an open end 52 near the -;
air inlet region 46 of the article, and a sealed end 54 ~ -
toward the mouth end of the substrate. The cartridge
50 preferably is composed of a heat conductive
material, such as aluminum or other metallic material. ~ -~
Within the cartridge is positioned heat source 35
(discussed in detail hereinafter). The heat saurce
material 35 is maintained in place within the cartridge -~
50 by an air permeable plug 3~ such as cellulose
acetate. The resulting rod, having the heat source
embedded therein, but ~uch that the drug or flavor ~; ;
components and heat source components are physically
separate from one another, generally has a length of
about 50 mm to about 90 mm, and a circumference of
about 22 mm to about 30 mm.
Filter element 43 is axially aligned with, and
positioned in an end-to-end relationship with the rod. -
The filter element and rod are secured together using
tipping paper 5~. Normally, tipping paper has ~dhesive
applied to the inner face thereof circumscribes the
filter element and an adjacent region of the rod.
In use, the user initiates exothermic interaction
of the heat source so that the heat source generates
heat. For example, an effective amount of liquid water
can be injected into the heat source so that the water
can interact exothermically with certain components of
the heat source. ~he resulting heat acts to warm the ~
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Z002438
physically separate drug or flavor components which are
positioned in close proximity to the heat source so as
to be in a heat exchange relationship therewith. The
heat so supplied to the drug or flavor source acts to
volatilize components of the drug or flavor source.
The volatilized materials then are drawn to the mouth
end region of the article and into the user's mouth.
The heat source of this invention provides sufficient
heat to volatilize drug or flavor components while
maintaining the temperature of the drug or flavor and
sub6trate with~n the desired temperature range. When
heat generation i8 co~plete, the substrate carrying the
drug or flavor components begins to cool and
volatilization of those components thereof decreases.
1S The article then is discarded or otherwise disposed of.
Heat sources of the articles of the present
invention qenerate heat as a result of one or more
exothermic chemical interactions between components
thereof, and not as a result of combustion of the
components thereof. As used herein, the term ~ d~-
"combustion~ relates to the oxidation of a ~ubstance to
yield heat and oxides of carbon. In addition,
preferred noncombustion heat sources of this invention
generate heat as a result of one or more interactions
between components thereof without the necessity of the -
pre~ence of any gaseous or environmental oxygen (i.e.,
in the ab~ence of environmental oxygen).
Preferred heat sources yenerate heat rapidly upon
act$vation of the co~ponents thereof. ~s such, heat is
generated to warm the drug or flavor and substrate to a
degree sufficient to volatilize an appropriate amount
of those components rapidly after the oser has
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2002438 :
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initiated use of the article. Rapid heat generation
also assures that sufficient volatilized drug or flavor
is provided during the early puffs. Typically, heat
sources of the present invention include sufficient
amounts of components which undergo exothermic
interactions to heat at least a portion of the drug or ~-
flavor components to a temperature in excess of 70C,
more preferably in excess of 80C, within about 20
seconds, more preferably within about 10 seconds, from
the time that the user has initiated use of the
article.
Preferred heat sources generate heat so that the ;
drug or flavor t 6 heated to within a desired
temperature range during the useful life of the
article. For example, although it is desirable for the
heat source to heat at least a portion of the drug or
flavor to a temperature in excess of 70C very rapidly
when use of the article is initiated, it is also
desirable that the drug or flavor experience a
temperature of less than about 350C, preferably less
than about 200C, during the 4 to 8 minute life of the
article. Thus, once the heat source achieves
sufficient rapid heat generation to heat the drug or
flavor to the desired minimum temperature, the heat ;~
source then generates heat sufficient to maintain the
drug or flavor within a relatively narrow and well
controlled temperature range for the remainder of the
heat generation period. Typical temperature ranges for
the 4 to 8 minute life of the article are between about
70C and about 180C, more preferably between about
80C and about 140C, for most articles of the present
invention. Control of the maximum temperature
-- 11 --
- Z002438
:
exhibited by the heat source is desired in order to
avoid thermal degradation and/or excessive, premature
volatilization of the drug or flavor components.
The heat source includes components which interact
exothermically with one another when contacted with one
another or when suitably activated. Such components
can be in physical contact (i.e, mixed together), and
the exothermic interaction thereof can be activated by
heat, contact with a catalyst or initiator, or the
like. Alternatively, the components can be maintained -
physically separate from one another, and the
exothermic interaction can be initiated by contact of ~
the components, often in the presence of a suitable ~ -
catalyst or initiator. ~ -
Highly preferred interactant materials are
materials capable of reacting exothermically with ~
water. Examples of such reactants are the metal oxides
which react with water to generate heat and yield metal
hydroxides. Suitable metal oxides include calcium
oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, and the like, as
well as mixtur2s thereof. Other suitable interactant ~ ~
components include calcium hydride, calcium nitride, - -
magne6ium nitride, phosphorous pentaoxide, and the :~
like. Such other reactants, although less preferred
than the metal oxides, often can be employed in small `;
amounts with the metal oxides in order to provide for a
rapid initial production of heat. I l`
Another highly preferred chemical interactant is ;~
one which is readily hydrated by water in an exothermic ~ `;~-;
~anner. Examples of such interactants are the
anhydrous metal 6ulfates such as magnesium sulfate,
aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, magnesium chloride, -~
- 12 -
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- 200Z43~3
and the like, as well as mixtures thereof. Other such
interactants will be apparent to the skilled artisan.
Water can interact with preferred heat source
components to generate heat. Other liquids such as the
lower alcohols (eg., ethanol) and the polyhydric
alcohols (eg., glycerin) as well as mixtures thereof
with water can be used in certain circumstances.
Contact of water with the other interactive components
of the heat source can be achieved in a variety of --
ways. For example, the water can be injected into the
heat source when activation of the heat source is
desired. Alternatively, liquid water çan be contained
in a container separate, such as a rupturable capsule
or microcapsule, from the other components of the heat
source, and the container can be ruptured when contact
of the water with the other heat source components is
desired. Alternatively, water can be supplied to the
remaining portion of the heat source in a controlled -~
manner using a porous wick. In yet another example, ~ ;
water needed for the exothermic reaction thereof with
interactive ~omponents can be supplied by a normally
solid, fully hydrated salt ~eg., aluminum potassium
sulfate dodecahydrate crystals) which is mixed with the
metal oxide. The water can be released by the ~
application of heat to the heat source (eg., using a -
flame) which initiates the disassociation of the water
from the hydrated salt.
Catalysts or initiators, other than or in addition
to water, can be employed to catalyze or initiate the
chemical reaction of the components which react
exothermically. For example, organic acids such as
~alic acid, palmatic acid, boric acid, or the like, can
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- ~:0~2438
be mixed with water and/or calcium oxide in an amount
suffic~ent to catalyze the exothermic reaction thereof
to produce calcium hydroxide. When the catalyst or -
initiator is mixed with the solid components of the
heat source, it is preferred that the catalyst or
initiator be in a solid form.
The heat source also includes a dispersing agent
to provide a physical spacing of the interactant
components, particularly when at least one of the ~ ;
interactant materials has a solid form. Preferred ;
dispersing agents are essentially inert with respect to -~
the components which interact exothermically.
Preferably, the dispersing agent is employed in a
normally solid, granular form in order to (i) maintain
the reactant components in a spaced apart relationship,
and (ii) allow gases such as water vapor to flow
through and escape from the heat source during the heat
generation period. Examples of dispersing agents are
inorganic salts such as sodium chloride, potassium ;~
chloride and anhydrous sodium sulfate; inorganic
materials such as finely ground alumina and silica;
carbonaceous materials such as finely ground graphite,
activated carbons, and powdered charcoal; and the like.
Generally, the normally solid dispersing agent ranges
from a fine powder to a coarse grain in 6ize; and the
particle size of the dispersing agent can affect the
rate of interaction of the heat generating components,
and therefore the temperature and longevity of the
interaction. When water is employed as one of the
chemical interactants and the dispersing agent is a
water soluble inorganic salt such as sodium chloride,
it is desirable that the amount of water and water
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soluble dispersing agent be such that a majority of the
salt maintains its crystalline form.
The heat source preferably includes a phase change
or heat exchanging material. Examples of such
materials are sugars such as dextrose, sucrose, and the
like, which change from a solid to a liquid and back
again within the temperature range achieved by the heat
source during use. Other phase change agents include
selected waxes or mixtures of waxes, and inorganic
materials such as magnesium chloride. Such materials
absorb heat as the interactant components interact
exothermically so that the maximum temperature
exhibited by the heat source is controlled. In
particular, the sugars undergo a phase change from
solid to liquid upon application of heat thereto, and
heat is absorbed. However, after the exothermic
chemical interaction of the interactive components is
nearly complete and the generation of heat thereby
decreases, the heat absorbed by the phase change
- 20 material can be released (i.e., the phase change
material changes from a liquid to a solid) thereby
extending the useful life of the article. Phase change
materials such as waxes, which have a viscous liquid
form when heated, can act as dispersing agents also.
The relative amounts of the various components of
the heat source can vary, and often is dependent upon
factors such as the minimum and maximum amounts of heat
desired, the time period over which heat generation is
desired, and the like. For example, when water is
contacted with a mixture of a metal oxide and an
anhydrous metal sulfate, it is desirable that the
amount of water be sufficient to fully hydrate the
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~ooz43~ ~
anhydrous metal sulfate and react stoichiometrically
with the metal oxide. Additionally, it is desirable
that the amount of metal oxide and metal sulfate be
sufficient to generate enough heat upon interaction
with water to sufficiently heat the substrate to effect
volatilization of drug or ~lavor components during the
life of the article. Normally, the solid portion of
such a heat source weighs less than 2 grams, and
generally weighs from about 0.5 g to about 1.5 g.
Another preferred heat source can be provided by
mixing granular aluminum and/or magnesium metal with ~ -
granular sodium nitrite and/or sodium nitrate; and the
resulting mixture can be contacted with an aqueous
solution of sodium hydroxide to generate heat.
Typically, the solid portion of the heat source weighs
from about 50 mg to about 300 mg. The solid portion of
the heat source normally is contacted with about 0.05
ml to about 0.5 ml of an aqueous solution of sodium
hydroxide having a concentration of sodium hydroxide of
about 5 to about 50 weight percent.
Normally, larger aluminum or magnesium particles
provide for a chemical reaction which generates a lower
initial amount of heat but which maintains a moderately ;~
high level of heat generation for a relatively long ~c~
period of time. Additionally, the use of relatively
concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide solution provides
for a reaction which generates a relatively high
initial temperature. However, the addition of a
buffer, such as potassium, to the reaction mixture
delays initial temperature generation even though
contact of the interactive components has been made
(eg., even thouqh the sodium hydroxide solution has --
- 16 -
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;~` 200243~3
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been added to an aluminum and sodium nitrate mixture).
Alternatively, the addition of a base such as granular
barium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide to the solid
portion of the heat source provides for a reaction
mixture which does not readily generate heat when
stored, but which generates a very high amount of
initial heat when contacted with an aqueous sodium
hydroxide solution of another suitable initiator such
as heat.
The flavor substances used in this invention are
those which are capable of being vaporized by the heat
sources of this invention and trans~orted to the user
in vaporous form. Pleasant tasting flavors are
particularly preferred. Such flavors include menthol,
spearmint, peppermint, cinnamon, vanilla, chocolate,
licorice, ginger, coffee, spice, strawberry, cherry, -~
citrus, raspberry, and the like. Breath freshener
flavors are particularly preferred. Concentrated `~
flavor extracts and artificial flavors can be employed.
The flavor substances normally are carried by a
suitable substrate. For example, an amount of flavor
sufficient to provide the desired flavor delivery per
puff at those temperatures provided by the heat sources - `
of the present invention is applied to the substrate.
Drugs useful herein are those which can be
administered in a vapor form directly into the `~ -
respiratory system of the user. As used herein, the - ~ ~
term "drug" inclùdes articles and substances intended -
for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment
or prevention of disease; and other substances and
articles referred to in 21 USC 321 (g)(l). Examples of
suitable drugs include propranol and octyl nitrite.
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Normally, the drug is carried by a substrate, and
typically by a substrate having a porous or fibrous
character, or high surface area. Normally, the
substrate is such that the drug is carried readily by
the substrate prior to use of the article, but such
that the drug is released readily at those temperatures
provided by the heat source. For example, an amount of
drug sufficient to provide the desired dose at those
temperatures provided by the heat sources of the
present invention is applied to the substrate.
Examples of suitable substrates include fibrous
materials such as cotton, cellulose acetate, carbon
fibers, carbon filament yarns available as catalogue
No. CFY-0204-Z from American Rynol, Inc., and the like.
Also suitable are substrates such as charcoal, pitted ;~
glass beadc~ alumina, and the like. Microporous `
materials and microspheres also can be employed. The
form of the article of this invention can be altered in
order to suitably contain various substrates having
various forms. `~
The following examples are provided in order to
further illustrate various embodiments of the ~nvention
but should not be construed as limiting the scope
thereof. Unless otherwise noted, all parts and -~
percentages are by weight. ~ ;
EXAMPLE 1 --
A flavor delivery article substantially as shown
in Figure 1 is prepared as follows~
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A. Heat Source Preparation
The heat source i6 provided by intimately mixing
36.8 parts granular calcium oxide, 10.3 parts granular
anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 5.9 parts malic acid, 22
parts powdered dextrose and 25 parts granular ~odium
chloride.
B. Flavor Source Preparation
Menthol ls applied to a length of carbon fiber
yarn avail~ble a6 Catalogue No. CFY-0204-Z from
American Kynol, Inc. As such, a flavor substrate is
provided.
C. Assembly of the Article
Into a polypropylene tube of 65 mm length and 4.35
mm outer diameter is positioned the flavor substrate.
The inner diameter of the polypropylene tube was such
that the substrate is held in place by friction fit
within the polypropylene tube by friction fit. --
One end of the polypropylene tube is fitted with a ~-
short tube manufactured from Delrin*which ïs available
from ~. I. duPont de Nemours. The short tube has a ~ ~
length of 3 mm, an outer diameter of 7.7 mm, and an --
inner diameter very slightly greater than that of the --;
polypropylene tube such that short tube friction fit
snuggly over the polypropylene tube (i.e., an
essentially air tight seal is provided).
A second polypropylene tube of 85 mm length and 8
mm outer diameter is positioned over the Delrin tube
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with one end flush with the end of the 65 mm
polypropylene tube remote from the Delrin tube. The
other end of the second polypropylene tube extends 20
mm beyond the first polypropylene tube and the Delrin
tube. The inner diameter of the second polypropylene
tube is such that it friction fits snuggly over the
short Delrin tube ~i.e., to provide an essentially air
tight seal).
` Into the annular region between the two
polypropylene tubes and is charged 1.5 g of the
previously described heat source components such that
the heat source extends about 40 mm along the length of
the article. `~
A 7 mm length of a cellulose acetate tube is
positioned 60 as to fit between the first and ~econd ` ~
polypropylene tubes. The cellulose acetate tube is an ~` ``
air permeable material commercially available as SCS~
from American Filtrona Corp.
A mouthend piece i6 a resilient, molded
polypropylene baffled mouthpiece element having a
diameter of 7.75 mm and a length of 5 mm. The ~ `
mouthpiece element is friction fit at one extreme end ;`~
of the article and within polypropylene tube, and is
thereby held in place.
The length of the article is circumscribed by a
polystyrene foamed sheet havin ~ a thickness of about
0.8 mm, available as Roll Stock from Valcour, Inc.
The article has had an overall length of about 85
mm, an overall diameter of about 9.42 mm. -
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* Trade Mark ;~
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- 20 - ~ ~
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D. Use of the Article
Into the air inlet end of the article, through the
cellulose acetate tube and into the solid portion of
the heat source, is inserted a small diameter tube.
About 0.4 ml of the water is injected through the tube
into the heat source about 2 mm from the short Delrin
tube.
The heat source begins to generate heat when the ~
water i8 injected into the solid material. No ~;
combustion is observed. Within 7 seconds, the heat `
source reaches 70C. The article maintains an average
temperature of 103C, and remains within a temperature -
range of 85C to 120 for more than 5 minutes. -
The article yields flavor on all puffs for lO -~
puffs when drawn upon and while the heat source is
qenerating heat even though no visible aerosol is
observed.
EXAMPLE 2
The following heat source is prepared~
A wax sold commercially as Paraflint by Parafilm
Corp. is ground to a particle size of about 40 to about -
60 ~esh. About lO g of the Paraflint wax particles
then are mixed with 20 9 of calcium oxide and 40 9
anhydrous magnesium sulfate. The resultinq solid ~-
mixture is pressed under 15,000 pounds pressure using a
Carver Laboratory Press to a cylindrical pill having a
diameter of l inch and a thickness of 14 cm. The pill
then is qround into a coarse powder. About l g of the
coarse powder is contacted with about 0.5 ml of water
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* Trade Mark
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- 21 - ; ~
-- 200243~
to generate heat.
EXAMPLE 3
The following heat source is prepared~
About 100 mg of aluminum metal powder having a
size of -325 US mesh is mixed with 200 mg of ground
sodium nitrate having a size of -200 US mesh. To about -~
75 mg of the aluminum/sodium nitrate mixture is added
0.1 ml of a 20 percent solution of sodium hydroxide in
water. The heat source generates heat rapidly and
reaches a temperature of about 140C in less than 30
seconds. The heat source maintains a temperature above ; ~ -
100C but less than about 140C for about 7 minutes.
EXAMPLE 4
The following heat source is prepared~
About 50 mg of aluminum metal powder having a size ; ;
of -200 US mesh is mixed with 150 mg of granular sodium ` ~ ::
nitrate in a glass tube. To the resulting mixture is ~-
added 0.3 ml of a 5 percent solution of sodium ~
hydroxide in water. The heat source generates heat - :
rapidly and reaches a temperature of about 120C in
about 14 seconds. The heaS source maintains a
temperature of about 100C for about 11 minutes. The
heat source maintains a temperature of above about 80C - ~;
for a total of about 12 minutes.
EXAMPLE 5
The following heat source is prepared~
- 22
. .. ~,
2002438
About 5 g of granular calcium oxide is mixed with
about 3.48 g of granular aluminum potassium sulfate
dodecahydrate. About 0.5 g of the resulting mixture
was mixed with 0.5 g calcium oxide and 0.5 g boric
acid. The mixture is charged into a small test tube
and remains at room temperature overnight. The
following day, the test tube is heated with a flame of
a cigarette lighter for about 2 seconds. The heat
source generates heat rapidly to achieve a temperature --
of about 100C, and maintains a temperature within the
range of about 100C to about 135C for about 4
minutes.
~ ,
EXAMPLE 6
I
The following heat source is prepared:
About 28 mg of aluminum metal powder having a size
of -200 US mesh is mixed with 86 mg of granular sodium
nitrate and 86 mg potassium bicarbonate in a glass
tube. To the resulting mixture is added 0.3 ml of a 5
percent solution of sodium hydroxide in water. The
temperature of the reactant mixture rises to about 50C
in less than 1 minute and remains at about 50C for
about 15 minutes. Then the reactant mixture begins to
generate heat such that the mixture exhibits a
temperature in excess of 90C for a period from about
20 to about 30 minutes from the time that the sodium
hydroxide solution is added to the aluminum, sodium
nitrate and bicarbonate mixture. This example shows
that the temperature of the initial temperature
exhibited by the heat source can be controlled, and the
components of the heat source can interact to generate
- 23 -
~ : . - . ..:
200243~
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heat at a later time.
EXAMPLE 7 ;~ ~
. j:'; ~;'.
The following heat source is prepared~
About 28 mg of aluminum metal powder having a size
of -200 US mesh is mixed with 86 mg of granular sodium ~ -~
nitrate and 86 mg of a granular barium hydroxide in a - -~
glass tube. To the reaction mixture is introduced a ~ ;
flame from a cigarette lighter for about 3 seconds. ~ -
The heat source generates heat rapidly and reaches a ;~
temperature of about 320C in less than about 20 ;~
seconds. The heat source maintains a temperature in
eXcesc of about 100C for about 4 minutes.
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- 24 -
