Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
29~S833
17444
BRIQ~ 'ES WIq~I COMBt~STION I~HIBI~irOR AND ~OD OF M~XING SAl~E
CIF~AT:lON
The lrlv~ntion ~late~ to fuel bxiqu~3tte~ c~omprl~lng a, ~ine,-
-graln c~rbon earrier ~onsi6ting oC petroll2um coke or a ~ixt;u:re
o~ mainly petr~le~ cok~ and oc,al, prefera~ly non-ca~ing co~,l.,
with a b~nder. ~h~ term "fuel briquet~es" denote~ brir~ette~ of
the kind used for heat generati.on in domes.tia fires, central
heating boi1er6 r thermal power 6tations an~ the like.
E~R~R~ 5~T~ 3~LON
Fuel briquette~ in whioh the fi.ne-grain carbon ca~rier i~
petrole~m co~e or mainly petroleu~ coke generate excessive
temperatures on ao~nbustion whi~h clamage the combu~tion equipment.
They have inadequate ~tr~ength and readily d~lntec3rate ~ur~nc~
handling and combu~tion~
FU~ iqut~tte~ o~ this kin~ generelte ~xt,~6siv~ ~emperatures
on combu~tion and ~e~t~oy the combustion eg~ipment from the
simple ~urnat,e to the heating boiler. Petrolt~um coke frequently
oontains a conslderable amount of sul~ur, e~g~ in quantities o~
0.8 to 5% or more. The same applaes to the binde:r, parti~larly
in the ~ase of pitch.
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17444
Fuel ~rique~tes conta~ning petroleu~.n ~oke or main}y petroleum
coke as t:he ~ine-grain c~rbon carrier ther1~0re ~ene~ate
exeessiv~ amount~ of ~ulfur dioxid,3 i~na, for other reasons,
nitric oxides a~. well.
The l~ttex also appl ~ es to briquette~ o:E ~he above-d~cr~.~)ed
¢omp~ition (U.~:. Patent 2,036,642) whl~h, in order to i.ncrease
the ~trength, ~re manu~actured by mean~3 of a special binder
mixtu~e whiah also contaLns caloiu~ hyl1roz:lde ~s a binder in ~
quantlty o~ a~o~ 2~ by weight. ~n thi~s ca!;e the in$~ial. mixt:ure
i~ heat-trealted at a~ou~ 250-C in ~he unmo:lded ~tate and is
molded i~to the ~inal ~uel briquettes nf~er ~ooling.
In pr2,ctice, ~uel bri~uettes col1talning ~ine-grain hi.gh-a.sh
~on~ont c:oal a~ caxbon carr~er hav,~3 ~e-~n disclosed experimental-
ly wlth addition~ of ~ine-graln calcium carbona~e a~ desul~urlz-
ation agent, due conside~ation be$ng g:Lven to sto$chiometrlcaspects. TherQ 3~e no pxoblem~ as~cciated with th~ ¢om~ustion
temperat~res oacUrring with such fuel briqllettes, ~u~h
temperat~res be~ng aete~tnined by the coal ash ~ontent. The
regulred de5ulfurization ~5 unsat~ ac1:ory ~nd ~orreYponding
~0 2uel bri~uettes hav~ ound little use :in practice.
5~JE.~'S OF ~H~ YX~TIO~
An o~eot of tha invention ~8 to provide ~uel bri~uetteq
¢ontainlng petroleum co~e or mainly petroleum coXe whlch wlll
burn in z. co~txo1led fashion involving no pro~le~s for the
combus~ion appllance.
~ nother ob~e~t o~ the inven~ion is 1;o pr.ov~de an improved
metho~ of` maXlng fuel ~riguettes.
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200S833
17~44
S~MMA~ OF TH~ INVE~IO~~
To this end, the invention relates to i.uel bric~ettes com3-,ri~-
ing a ~ine-gxaill c~lrbon aar~ie~ ca,nsistLn5~ of petroleum coke o~
~ mixtur~3 o~ ma~nly petroleu~ c:oke and coal (preferably non-c~ak-
5 lng coal~ wi~h ~ ~i.nder and wlt;h a ~ine-gxain COmbUStiOll
inhlbitor m~xed therein in the fo~ of calc~um carbonate an~for
dolomite~ whi~h has~ beer~ ~dded to the init:ial fuel briquette
mix~ure in a quan~i.ty in ex~e~ of 2~ ~y weight, volati:Le
~on&tl~u-~nts ~elnq elimi.nated Pro~ the fruel briquette.
Th~ term volatile ~ons~t~ents denote~ ~ate~ vApor, ~snd ~l~o
hydroc~rbon~. Test~ hâve Bhowrl that vol3t:ile con~tituento are
libe~ated at ev~n ~ery 3.ow temperatures. ~he volatlle const;Ltu-
e~t~ ori~3inate ~om the inltial mi~ture, ~.g., from the binder.
The heat treatment i5 eP~ected neverthele~;s even i~ there are no
volat~le constituents present.
A 6at:l6faatory heat treatmerlt is obtained even at te~npera~
tures of littlo ovor 100-C. The temperatures o~ t,he ~eat tr~at-
ment 6hould not ~xc~eed 500'~.
In th~æ ~uel bric~ettes aa¢ordlng t~ the t nvention, the
~alaium aar~onat:e 2Ind~0r the dolo~ite ~ulI111 a new fun~tio~,
i.e. thal; o~ a ao~ ustic~n inhi~itGr. The addition of calciu~
carbonatl3 and~or dolomi~e has ~een mixed lnto the initial
mixture Ln a quan~ity suffi~ient ~or this puxpose and w:ith ~
flneness sufflc:ient; ~or this purpose. ~uring the heat-~rea~ment
the fue~ briquett~si unde~go hardening. They do not dis~ntegrate
on handl lng .
In ad~ition, ~hey ret:ain th~ir shape ~ufflcient:ly du~ing
combus~$on, even when bllrning ~way.
[ 3 ~
20058~3
17444
Conse~uently, durlng combust:ioni of the fuel bri.quettes
aocording to th~ inventi>on a calcium-contcl~n~ng a~;h laye~ o~
adequa~e th~eknessi continually forms around the lr,,dividual
brlquett~es and enclo~es tho un~urn.ed cor~ like a closed she:ll as
it were, ~o~m~ ~ dlffuGi.on bar~ler to the oxygen requir~3d ~or
combustion o~ the car~on ca~ri~r and allows oxygen to pZ16S only
ln a quanti~y 6uch that the~e are no distur~ingly high
tempexatt~xes. The ~uantity of co~bustion ~nhibitor ~ixed into
the product is adjusted in thiC way.
3ur~nc3 bu~ning, ao ths d~amet~r of th~ unburned core
decrea~es the ash layer .become~ thicker an~ mor~ ota~l~ as ~l
~hell, BO that no ~sturbingly high te~per,~tures occur duxirlcJ
the entire combu~t1on of the fuel ~risuet~.~s accordin~ to the
invention~ On the othe~ hand, the tem~er~tures are adequate for
desul~uri.zatlon, calc1um ~ulfite o:r c~lcium ~ulfate, or
magnesium ~ulf~te or m~g~eslum ~ul~ate ~or~ing and going int:o
the ash. A~ording~ to the ~nvention, ther~efore, it ~8 ~lso
possible to use petroleu~ cok- having a hil~h 6ulfur content.
Thei degree of desul~uri~tlon tS a's much a.s 80~ and moxe.
There are nu~erous possibil~ties of development withln the
inventlon. A prefe~rred embodi~ent of the invention whic:h i~;
particularly lmport;ant econom$~ally, s~nce ~arge quantit:ies of
petroleuT~ coke and pitch, are forme~ in pet;roleum di~tillation,
is chara~terized in that. the carbon carrier consists of
petroleur~ aoXe and the combustton inhibito~ has been added to
the initial mixkure~ ln a quantity in exce~ of 3% by welght.
Fuel briquett;es aocord~ng to the invention have prov~d
~atis~actory ~n wh~.ch the bi~der i~ a bitLlminous bri~ue~.tin~
XC~OS83;~
17444
~lhder, e.g. pitch, W~iCh has ~een added to the ini.tial l~ixture
in a quantlty of 5 l:o 10~ by weight;, pre~era~ly ln a guantity o~
abou~ 8% by ~eight.
Also satisfa~ory are ~uel brl~uettes in wh$ch t.he binder :Ls
~u~ltQ w.~ste li~uor, which ha~ beeln ad~ed to the lnitla:l mlxture
in a quantity o~ ~ to 10~ by weight., prefera~ly in a quant~ty of
a~out 6~ by we~ght. Ot~er bind~r~ c~n b~3 used according to 1;he
inventlon. The c:o~ustion inhibitor i~ preferably solely ca~cium
carbonate. The grai.n ~iz:e of th~
carbon carrler in the fuel ~riq~lettes according to ~h~ invent;lon
3hould not be exc~sC~ive but ~s usually belc~w 3 mm. Some larg~3r
q~n-slze component:s do not ha~e an adver~:e ef~ect. Th~. graln
~iz~ of th~ oombusti.on inh$b~to~ should ~e 60 ad~u~ted aR to give
the ef~ects desc~ d. A graln ~ize o~ le~s than 1 mm i~
there~ore advantage,ously used.
~ he fuel bri~let~es aooxding to the invent~on can be
manu~actured in vari,ous ways us~.ng convQntional br~quettlng
technology ald~. More particul~rly, brlqu~tting presse~ can ~)e
used. ~h13 subject o~ the~ ~nvent,ion i8 alsc~ a process for
productlon of ~uel briguettes of' the compo~;ltion indicated,
wherein the ~ne~grzlin c~,r~oh cz,rrier, the binder and the
ine-grain CombUE;t~ on ~nhib~tor a~e mixed and pre~orms a~e mo].ded
~rom the mixture an~l wherein by a heat trez\tment of a tempere~ure
below the ~eaction t:emper2ture o~ the combustion
25 inh~ bitor the pr~3for~s are hardened and any volatile con~tltuents
present are ~uff~Lciently comp~et.ely eliminated. Hydrocarbons ~re
also liberated even ~t 300'C. W~ter vapor is el~minated too at
tempe~a~ul-es a~ove l.Q0-C i~ thQ pre~orm~ co~tain water.
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2~0S83~
17444
In a preferred embodiment of the im ent.~.on the heat treatment
i~ carried out in a rotary tubul~r furn~lc~ c~ntaining an immex~ion
bed 20r t~e preform~, ~uch bed consisting O:e ~ine-grain pe~roleum
coke (G~man Paten'c l~ocument 37 2~ 4,64) . Tl~o hardening
S desc~ri~ed 16 obta.ined witll a ~ery non-in~ur:Lous e~fect in the
~mmer6~0n bed.
The ~u21 br1quet:1:e~ o~' the inven,tion thus adva~nt;ageou~y
c~mprise a~ body heat-~treat:ed to clrive off volat~les and
predomlnan~ly con~lt:uted of a fi.ne-gr~$n c~rbon carrier ~;elec:t:ed
Srom ~he group wh~ch con~ t~ Or pQt~o~um c:o~e, coal and ~ixt,ure~
thereoS, a blnder ret:ainirJg th~ body in a co:herent form, and zl
~ne-grain combu~iorl ~nhibitor pre~nt in a.n amount in exces~; of
2% ~y we~ght oS a oompos~tion oo~tai:n~ng thel carrier, bincler
substanc~ alnd combus~ion ~nhi~tor~ f:rom which the b~dy 1~
~ormed, the combu~tion inhi~itor be~ng sale~ted from ~he yroup
wh1ch cons1st~ of ~alcium car~bonate, dolomite and mixture~
thereo2.
The me~hod compr1ses the steps oe:
(a) so2~ng A ~omposltion consist~ng e~sent~ally o2 a
flne-grain cnrbon carri-r ~lected from the l3roup wh~c~ c~nsist~
of petroleum co~e, coal an~ mixtures thereof~ a binder capa~le oi'
retalnlng ~l body o~ ~he carbon car~or ln a cohe~en~ i~orm, and
fine-graln com~ust,lon.~nhi~itor selected from ~he group wh~ch
cons~sts oP caloium carbonate, dolo~:ite ~nd m~xtures thexeo~
present ln an amo~nt ~n ex~es~ of 2% by weigh~ of the compo~ition;
(~ molding preforms having conf:Lguratlons o~ ~riquettes from
the compos~,t~on; and
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2(~C)5833
17444
~ c~ heating the p~eforms to ~ temperatule ~ufficient t:o
na~den th~ preform~ ~nto fuel briqu~sttes and to drive Of~
vol~tllo aono~ucn~ ro~ thc ~ s~ tne temperac~re ~ei.ng
below a ~e~ction te~perat.u~ o~ the car~bon ,~arrler with t:he
combustion inh~bitor.
~U~7 DEs~xIprIoN ~ EY~9'I~
Th~ above and other ob~ects, featurel~ and advantages of my
i~vention ~111 be~o~e more readily app~rent from ~h~e ~ollowing
description, reference be~ng made to the acaompanying h~ghly
diagrammatic drawln(~ 1n whlch th~e ~c~le l?IGUI~E of wnich i~
b~ocX diagram illu~trating the me~hc)d o~ tho invent.ion.
~e~ EI~8~1P~
As can be seen ~rom the drawin~, petroleLIm coke or a m~xture
o~ petroleum coke and non-ca~lng coal f~,om E~ource 10, a binder
~5 which can be pitch o:r wa~te ~ul~ite liquor ~'~om a ~ou~ce 11 and
the combustion inhibitor in the ~or~l of c~ ium carbonate,
dolomite or ~ixturol~ th~r~!of Pro~ a ~our~e 12 are blonded in
mixture 13 and the mixtur~ i~ mo:Ldec~ to ~on~l briquettes o ~
~iz~ and s:hape corr~3ponding to the charcoa:L briquet:tes utilized
~or domestic pu~pose~i. The preform~, are then ~ub~ected to hea~
trea~ent at 15 in a rotary tube ~o~mation with a p~troleum cok:e
in a immer~ion ~ed t;he~eo~ in t~e rotary tube formation to ~rive
of~ volat~Les as represented at 16. The prc~duo~ ic the fuel
br~uettes shown ~t 17.
t 7 )
2005833
1744~
~ IFIC ~XA~5~LE~,
A compo~1tion con~1st:lng essenti.a11y o~ 8% ~y WC!lght ~itch, 5
by weight o~ calcium carbonate o~ a grcund l:o a part:icle l3~ze
rango o~ 0.1 to 0.5 ~m ancl the ba1arl~e ~Qt~o1eum co~e with a
paxtlcle BiZe rang~ of 0,S to 2.5 mm ~ b1ende~ ~n ~ con~çntiona1
mixer and ~he resu1ting mixture i~ then molded to ~orm br:lq~ett.es.
The resultlng pre~orms are then heat treated in a rotary ~ube
~ormat1On by 1mmersion in ~ petro1eum coXe bed at a ~empe~ature o~
300'C to driv~ of~ vo~ati1e8 and harden the preform~ into t~e
briquettes.
Th- br1quette~ ar~ ~ound to burn ~n a h1qh1y uni~orm ~anner
wlthout the formation o~ hot ~pots with little emi~sion o~ ~ul~ur
compounds. The a~h is ~ound to cont~in su1f'ur compounds wh~ch
drive from the su1fur content of the petro1eum coke.
Similar result~ are o~tained when 6% wa~te 8u1fite 1iguor i~
subst~tute~ ~or the pitch binder.
~ 8
