Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
4(~
~ - 17403/1 +2/+
Alkali-resistant foam s~lppressant which is free from silicone oil
The present invention relates to an alkali-resistant foam suppressant which is free from
silicone oil, a process for its preparation and its use.
Foam suppressants containing silicone oil such as are described, for example, in U.S.
Patent Specification 4,071,468 have an inadequate action in alkaline aqueous systerns and
often lead to the formation of stains. Foam suppressants which contain no silicone oil have
also been disclosed in European Patent B 35,702. However, these foam suppressants have
an inadequate storage stability and give use liquors of low stability.
Foam suppressants which do not have these disadvantages have now been found.
The present invention thus relates to an alkali-resistant foam suppressant which is free
from silicone oil and contains
(a) a homopolymer of an aliphatic C2-C12alkyl ester of (meth)-acrylic acid or a
copolymer of this alkyl ester with a di-C2-CI2alkyl ester of an ethylenically
unsaturated dicarboxylic acid,
(b,) an anionic or nonionic emulsifier and
(c) an apolar solvent.
Possible components (a) are both copolymers and, in particular, also homopolymers.
Preferred monomers of these copolymers are ethyl, n-butyl or 2-etllyl-n-hexylacrylclte or
methacrylate on the one hand and maleic or fumaric acid esters On the other lland, the
acrylates being preferred over the meth.lcryllltes. In copolymers of n-butylacrylate and
di-C2-C~alkyl maleates, the weight ratio is preferably 1:1. Homopolymers of ethyl, n-butyl
and 2-ethyl-n-hexyl acrylates are therefore of prirne interest. These co- and homopolymers
which are known per se are prepared by methods which are likewise known per se. To
prepare the homopolymers, the monomers of the type mentioned are polymerized in the
presence of a solvent. Examples of solvents which may be mentioned are di-, tetra- or
decahydronaphthaline, a benzene which is substituted by methyl or ethyl, a cycloallcanol
having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, a straight-chain or branched alkanol having 6 to 12 carbon
- 2 -
atoms, an alkylen oxide adduct of glycerol or pentaerythritol or a C2-C8alkyl ester of a
straight-chain or branched carboxylic or hydroxy carboxylic acid, such as of lac~ic and
2-ethylhexanoic acid. The monomers are preferably polymerized in the presence of a
polymerization catalyst, such as azobisisobutyronitrile or peroxides, such as benzoyl
peroxide, in general at elevated temperatures of, for example 50 to 100, in particular 70 to
90C, and in an inert atmosphere, that is to say using an inert gas, such as nitrogen. The
amounts of solvent are preferably in general employed so that a 30 to 60, preferably 40 to
50 percent strength by weight solution of component (a) is obtained, the monomers being
dissolved in the solvent before the polymerization and the resulting solution of the
homopolymer being further diluted if necessary, to give the content of homopolymer
mentioned, using the solvent or a commercially available hydrocarbon mixture of
paraffins, if appropriate naphthenes and aromatics. To prepare the copolymers, on the
other hand, the monomers of the type mentioned are polymerized in the absence of a
solvent. The resulting copolymers are then mixed with the abovementioned solvents or
commercially available hydrocarbon mixtures until the stated percentage content is
obtained. The resulting solution can then be used for the preparation of a foam suppressant
according to the invention.
The abovementioned esters are prepared in a manner which is known per se by reaction of
the (meth)acrylic acid or dicarboxylic acid, such as maleic or fumaric acid, or the
anhydride thereof, with an alkanol having 2 to 12 C atoms, such as ethanol, propanol,
isopropanol, butanol and isomers thereof, amyl alcohol and isomers thereof, n-hexyl
alcohol, n-octyl alcohol, capryl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-butylhexanol, trimethylhexanol,
n-decyl alcohol and lauryl alcohol.
The reaction products of acrylic acid and n-butyl alcohol and of maleic acid or the
anhydride thereof with 2-ethyl-hexanol are preferred.
The commercially available hydrocarbon mixtures are, in particular, aliphatic
straight-chain or branched hydrocarbons which are mixed, if appropriate with naphthenes
and aromatics. Such mixtures have a high boiling range of about 180 to about 500C, an
aniline point of about 70 to about 120C and a kinematic viscosity at 20C of about 1 to
about 100 mm2/s. Examples which rnay be mentioned of purely aliphatic hydrocarbon
mixtures are straight-chain hydrocarbons having a boiling range from 170 to 250C, an
aniline point of 80 to 85C and a kinematic viscosity at 25C of 1.6 to 2 mm2/s, and which
are obtainable as SHELLSOL TD, T or K~ (brand name, SHELL). Examples which may
bc mentioned of p~lrely alipllatic hydrocarboll mixtures having branched chains are
mixtures having a boiling range of 110 to 260C, an aniline point of 75 to 9()C and a
kinematic viscosity at 25C of 20 to 300 mm2/s, which are obtainable as ISOPAR ~, G, H,
K, L or M~) (brand name ESSO). Hydrocarbon mixtures which also contain naphthenes
and aromatics in addition to aliphatics, for example those of 45 to 70 percent by weight of
paraffins,25 to 45 percent by weight of naphthenes and 5 to 20, in particular 7 io 9 percent
by weight of aromatics, are also possible.
Such mixtures as a rule have a boiling range from 340 to 470C, a kinematic viscosity at
20C of 20 to l00 mm2/s, a pour point of -~ to -50C and an aniline point of 75 to l 10C.
A readily accessible commercially available hydrocarbon mixture which, for example, is
possible is, for example, PROCESSOIL ES 320~ (brand name, ESSO).
If such mixtures are employed fo-r the prepa}ation of component (a), it is necessary to add
the abovementioned solvents.
Possible components (b) are addition products of styrene oxide on a C6-C22fatty alcohol
alkoxilate, and C6-C22fatty acid amides. The addition products Gan be in the form of
nonionic non-esterified products or anionic esterified products. Addition products of 2 to 6
mole of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide onto 1 mole of the said styrene oxide addition
products may also be mentioned as component (b).
The addition products used as component (b) are novel compounds per se, which can be
obtained by addition of styrene oxide onto polyalkylene glycol ethers of the formula
( 1 ) R-O-(CH-CH-O)X-H
Rl R2
in which R is an aliphatic radical, of Rl and R2 one is hydrogen and the other is -C~I3, or
Rl and R2 are both hydrogen, and x is a number from 1 to l00 preferably 4 to 80.
The addition products can also be in the form of their acid esters and salts thereof.
A preferred possible aliphatic radical R is the hydrocarbon radical of an unsaturated or
saturated aliphatic mono alcohol having 4 to 22 C atoms. This radical can be
straight-chain or branched and preferably has 8 to 22 C atoms.
~V~4~V
The aliphalic saturated mono alcohols are, for example, synthetic and naturally occurring
alcohols, such as n-butyl, lauryl, myristyl, cetyl, stearyl, arachidyl or behenyl alcohol, and
synthetic alcohols, such as oxo alcohols, for example 2-methylpentanol~ 2-ethylhexanol,
2-propylheptanol, 2-octyldodecanol, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutanol, isononyl alcohol,
trimethylhexanol, trimethylnonyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol or the Alfols(~) (linear
primary alcohols) having 8 to 18 C atoms. Representatives of these Alfols are, for
example, Alfol(~) 810, Alfol(~ 1012, Alfol(~) 1214 or Alfol~ 1618.
Examples of unsaturated aliphatic mono alcohols are dodecenyl alcohol, hexadecenyl
alcohol or oleyl alcohol.
The alcohol radicals can be present individually or in the form of mixtures of two or more
components, for example mixtures of alkyl and/or alkenyl groups which are derived from
soya fatty acids, palm-kernel fatty acids or tallow oils.
(CHRI-OEIR2-O)x- chains are preferably of the ethylene glycol, propylene ethylene glycol
or ethylene propylene glycol type; the first is particularly preferred.
x is preferably 4 to 40.
The styrene oxide addition products are prepared by first etherifying the aliphatic mono
alcohol with 1 to 100 mole of alkylene oxide (ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide), and
then adding 1 mole of styrene oxide onto the resulting polyalkylene glycol ether. If
desired, 2 to 6 mole of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide can be added onto these addition
products.
Specific examples which may be mentioned of the polyalkylene glycol ethers which are of
the formula (1) and are required for styrene oxide addition are
- tlle addition product of 2.5 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of Cg-Clloxo alcohol
- the addition product of 4 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of C9-CIloxo alcohol
- the addition product of 5 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of Cg-Clloxo alcohol
- the addition product of 35 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of stearyl alcohol- the addition product of 36 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of stearyl alcohol- the addition product of 18 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of Cl2-CI8fatty alcohol
mixture (~etalol 50-55)
4~
- the addition product of 10 mole of ethylene oxide on I mole Or 2-ethylhexanol,- the addition product of 4 mole of e!hylene oxide and 12 mole of propylene oxide on 1
mole of Cg-Clloxo alcohol
- the addition product of 8 mole of ethylene oxide and 12 mole of propylene oxide on 1
mole of Cl2-CI3fatty alcohol
- the addition product of 6 mole of ethylene oxide and 6 mole of propylene oxide on 1
mole of C9-CIloxo alcohol
- the addition product of 18 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of cetyl alcohol
- the addition product of 3 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of isotridecyl alcohol
- the addition product of 9 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of isonidecyl alcohol
- the addition product of 80 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of oleyl alcohol
- the addition product of 10 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of isotridecyl alcohol
- the addition product of 20 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of oleyl alcohol
- the addition product of 3 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of lauryl alcohol
- the addition product of 2, 4, 6 or 15 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of nonyl
alcohol
- the addition product of 1 or ~ mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of n-butyl alcohol.
The acid esters can be present in the fornl of mono- or diesters or half-esters and as free
acids or, preferably, as salts, for example alkali metal salts or ammonium salts, depending
on the acid radical. Alkali metal salts which may be mentioned in particular are the
sodium, potassium or lithium salts, and ammonium salts which may be mentioned are the
ammonium, dimethylammonium, trimethylammonium, monoethanolammonium,
diethanolammonium and triethanolammonium salts. The acid esters are preferably
prepared as ammonium salts.
The aeid esters are prepared by reacting the styrene oxide addition product according to
the invention with an at least dibasic oxygen acid and converting the acid ester obtained
into the abovement;oned salts.
For the polybasic oxygen acids which can be used for the formation of the acid esters are
non-sulfonated or sulfonated organic, preferably aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 3 to 6
carbon atoms, for example maleic acid, malonic acid, suceinic aeid or sulfosuccinic acid,
or polybasic inorganie oxygen aeids, for example sulfuric acid or orthophosphoric acid.
Instead of the acids, functional derivatives thereof, such as acid anhydrides, acid halides,
acid esters or acid imides, can be used. Examples which may be mentioned of these
2~ 4~3
- 6 -
functional derivatives are maleic anhydride, chlorosulfonic acid and sulfamic acid.
The esterification is as a rule carried out by simply mixing the reaction partners while
heating, advantageously at a temperature between 50 and lOO"C. The fiee acids initially
formed can then be converted into the corresponding alkali metal salts or ammonium salts.
They are converted into the salts in the customary manner by addition of bases, for
example ammonia, monoethanolamine, triethanolamine or alkali metal hydroxides, for
example sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. ~ccording to a particularly preferred
embodiment, acid sulfuric acid esters are prepared directly in the form of their ammonium
salts by heating the styrene oxide addition products with sulfamic acid, advantageously in
the presence of urea.
Styrene oxide addition products which are important in practice are those of the forrnula
(2) R~-O~CH2CH20~CH-C~I-OH
Yl Y2
in which Rl is alkyl or alkenyl having in each case 8 to 22 carbon atoms, of Yl and Y2 one
is phenyl and the other is hydrogen and xl is 4 to 80.
Preferred acid esters prepared using an inorganic or organic acid are those of the formula
(3) Rl-(CH2CH2O~CH- ICH-O-X
yl Y2
or of the forrnula
(4) Rl (cH2cH2o~( ICH- Icllo~n - ICH-(l ~l-O-X
in which Rl, Yl, Y2 and xl are as defined above, of Zl and Z2 one is methyl and the other
is hydrogen, X is the maleic acid, sulfosuccinic acid, sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid
radical and the sum of nl ~ n2 is 4 to 30, preferably 6 to 18.
Par~icularly preferred acid esters of the formulae (3) and (4) contain either a maleic acid
ester group or a sulfuric acid ester group, which is preferably in the form of its alkali metal
g4~
salts or ammonium salts.
Possible components (b) are also Cl-C4alkyl and in particular C2-C12alkanolamides of
fatty acids having 6 to 22 C atoms. Fatty acid dialkanolamides having 8 to 22 C atoms in
the fatty acid radical and 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the alkanol radical are preferred. These
are, for example, fatty acid-alkanolamine reaction products which are prepared from fatty
acids having 8 to 22, preferably 8 to 18, carbon atoms and alkanolamines having
preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms, such as ethanolamine, diethanolamine, isopropanolamine
or di-isopropanolamine, diethanolamine being preferred. Fatty acid diethanolamides
having 8 to 18 carbon atoms are particularly preferred. Examples of suitable fatty acids are
caprylic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachic, behenic, oleic, linoleic,
linolenic or arachidonic acid or coconut fatty acid. Preferred examples of such reaction
products are coconut fatty acid diethanolamide and the diethanolamide of lauric acid or
stearic acid.
Possible components (c) are organic solvents, for example aliphatic and aromatichydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and tertiary amines. Straight-chain and in
particular branched alkanols having 6 to 22 C atoms are preferred. The alkanols branched
in the 2-position, for example 2-methylpentanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-propylheptanol,
2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-octyldodecanol and 2-nonyltridecanol are of particular
interest.
The foam suppressants according to the invention can contain other additives customary in
such agents, in particular commercially available surface-active hydrophilic adducts of an
organopolysiloxane and ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and other anionic
surfactants.
The organopolysiloxanes as the starting substance for such adducts in principle correspond
to the commercially available silicone oils such ;Is are described, for example, in U.S.
Patent Specifications 3~697,440 and 3,7~)3,223. Of these silicone oils, the
polydimethylsiloxanes are again of prime interest. The possible siloxanoxyalkylene
copolymers can be prepared, for example from halogen-substituted organopolysiloxanes,
in particular polydimethylsiloxanes, and alkali metal salts of polyoxyalkylene, for
example polyethylene glycols and/or polypropylene glycols.
The siloxanoxyalkylene copolymers are polyether-siloxanes which advantageously have a
'~)0~4~)
turbidity point at about 20 to 70C, preferably 25 to 50C. The glycol content consisting of
oxyethylene groups or oxyethylene and oxypropylene groups is advantageously 35 to 85,
preferably 40 to 75 per cent by weight, based on the total weight of the polyether-siloxane.
A preferred embodiment of such a copolymer is accordingly a water-soluble block
polymer of a polydimethylsiloxane and ethylene oxide or a copolymer of ethylene oxide
and propylene oxide which has a dynamic viscosity at 25C of 500 to 3000 mPa.s
(Brookfield LVT, Spindel 3, 30 revolutions/minute) and a turbidity point of 20 to 70C.
Such block polymers or polyether-siloxanes can be represented by the probable formula
(cH3)3si-o~sli~sic}l3o 1 Si(CH3)3
L CH3 ~ ~ (CH2)rO-(C3H60)s(c~2cH2ottR3 ~
in which q is 3 to 50, advantageously 3 to 25, r is 2 or 3, s is 0 to 15, t is 1 to 25, x1 is 3 to
10 and R3 iS alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl.
Such polyether-siloxanes are described, for example, in IJ.S. Patent Specifications
2,834,748, 3,389,160, 3,505,277, 3,507,815 and 3,629,308.
Other polyether-siloxanes which can be ~Ised as component (d) are those of the probable
fortnula
R4~0--~O~Si--0 1 [
L O~ (CmH2md~)--R5 _¦
in which R4 and Rs are each alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, a' is 1 to
20, b' is 2 to 20, c' is 1 to 50, d' is 1 or 2, preferably 1, and In is 2 to 5.
Such siloxane compounds are described in U.S. Patent Specification 3,183,254.
Preferred possible anionic surfactants are salts of fatty acids having 8 to 22 C atoms, for
example the alkali metal or ammonium salts of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic
acid or their mixtures, such as are contained, for example in the coconut oil and
palm-kernel oil acids.
Preferred foam suppressants contain 20 to 60, preferably 30 to 55 % by weight ofcomponent (a), 1 to 10, preferably 1 to S % by w~ight of component (b) and 10 to S0,
preferably 35 to S0 % by weight of component (c).
Particularly preferred foam suppressants additionally also contain 1 to lS, preferably 1 to
10 % by weight of a siloxanoxialkylene copolymer and 1 to 10, preterably 1 to 5 % by
weight of an anionic surfactant.
The foam suppressants according to the invention are prepared in general by mixing
comyonent (a) with component (c) to give a homogeneous mixture and adding component
(b), while stirring, to the resulting mixture.
The agents according to the invention can be used for suppressing foaming in aqueous
systems. 'rhey are employed in amounts of 0.2 to 3, preferably O.S to 1 g per litre of
aqueous system.
In the following preparation and use examples, unless stated otherwise, the percentages
relate to the weight; parts are parts by weight.
Preparation examples:
A) Preparation of component (n):
Example 1: A mixture of lS0 g of n-butylacrylate and 150 g of di-2-ethylhexyl maleate is
heated at 70C in a stirred flask flushed with nitrogen, while stirring. 0.5 g of
azodiisobutyronitrile is then added, whereupon the temperature rises to 75C. After this, a
solution of 750 g of n-butylacrylate and 750 g of di-2-ethylhexyl maleate is added
dropwise to the reaction mixture in the course of 3 1/2 hours. During this period, 6
portions of 0.3 g of azodiisobutyronitrile are added at intervals of 30 minutes. The reaction
is exothermic and the temperature rises to 115C. When the feed has ended, 0.5 g of
;~o~
- 10-
azodiisobutyronitrile is added, and this addition is repeated 3 times, in each case after l
hour. The mixture is thcn cooled to 90C and subsequently stirred at this temperature for a
further 6 hours. A copolymer is obtained, the viscosity of which at 25C is 31,750 mPa.s.
Example 2: 75 g of n-butylacrylate, dissolved in 225 g of 2-ethylhexyl lactate, are initially
introduced into a stirred flask flushed with nitrogen and are heated to 75C. 0.5 g of
azodiisobutyronitrile is added to the reaction mixture, the temperature of the reaction
mixture rising to 86C. A solution of 825 g of n-butylacrylate in 675 g of 2-ethylhexyl
lactate is then added dropwise to the reaction mixture in the course of 4 hours. During this
period, 5 portions of 0.3 g of azodiisobutyronitrile are added at intervals of 45 minutes.
The reaction is exothennic and the temperature rises to 93C. When the feed has ended,
0.5 g of azo-di-isobutyronitrile is added and this addition is repeated 4 times in each case
after 1 hour. The temperature is kept at 90C and the mixture is subsequently stirred at this
temperature for a further 6 hours. A clear colourless 50 % resin solution, the viscosity of
which at 25C is 250 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 3: The procedure is as described in Example 2, but 2-ethylhexyl2-ethylhexanoate is used as the solvent, instead of 2-ethylhexyl lactate. A clear colourless
50 % resin solution, the viscosity of which at 25C is 1,750 mPa.s is obtained.
Example 4: 50 parts of ethylacrylates are dissolved in 50 parts of 2-ethyl-n-hexanol in an
inert nitrogen atmosphere and the solution is heated to 80C. The reaction mixture is kept
under a nitrogen atmosphere at this temperature for 8 hours, in each case O.S part of
benzoylperoxide being added, as a catalyst, to the reaction mixture at the start of the
8-hour reaction time and after a reaction time of one and two hours. The reaction mixture
is then cooled to 30C and diluted with 25 parts of 2-ethyl-n-hexanol. A 40 % clear
solution of the homopolymer in 2-ethyl-n-hexanol, the viscosity of which at 25C is 448
mPa.s, is obtained.
xample 5: 25 parts of n-butyl acrylate are dissolved in 25 parts of 2-ethyl-n-hexanol in
an inert nitrogen atmosphere and this solution is heated to 70C. 0.03 part of
azodiisobutyronitrile are added as a catalyst to the reaction mixture, the temperature of the
reaction mixture rising from 70C to 76C in the course of 4 minutes. A solution of 125
parts of n-butylacrylate in 125 parts of 2-ethyl-n-hexanol is then added to the reaction
mixture in the course of 165 minutes. In each case 0.3 part of azodiisobutyronitrile is
added to the reaction mixture at the start of the 165-minute feed period and after a feed of
4ai~
35, 70 ancl I OS minutes. The reaction mixture is kept totally, that is to say from the start of
the feed, under an inert nitrogen atmosphere at 70 to 76C for 8 hours. The reac~ion
mixture is then cooled to 25C. A 50 % cle,~ solution of ~he homopolymer, the viscosity
of which at 25C is 2,008 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 6: The procedure is as described in Example 4, but S0 parts of
2-ethyl-n-hexylacrylate are employed and the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C after the
8-hour reaction time, without dilution with 2-ethyl-n-hexanol. A S0 % clear solution of the
homopolymer in 2-ethyl-n-hexanol, the viscosity of which at 25C is 560 mPa.s, is
obtained.
Example 7: The procedure is as described in Example 4, but 50 parts of n-butylacrylate
and 50 parts of trimethylbenzene (industrial isomer mixture) are employed and the
reaction mixture is cooied to 25C after the 8-hour reaction time. A S0 % clear solution of
the homopolymer in trimethylbenzene, the viscosity of which at 25C is 135 mPa.s, is
obtained.
Example 8: The procedure is as described in Example 4, but S0 parts of n-butylacrylate
and 50 parts of trimethylhexanol (industrial mixture of primary iso-nonanols with
3,5,5-trimethylhexanol as the main constituent) are employed and the reaction mixture is
cooled to 25C after the 8-hour reaction time. A 50 % clear solution of the homopolymer
in trimethylhexanol, the viscosity of which at 25C is 3,000 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 9: The procedure is as described in Example 4, but S0 parts of n-butylacrylate
and 50 parts of a reaction product of glycerol and propyleneoxide (molecular weight of the
reaction product: 4000) are employed and the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C after the
8-llour reaction time. A S0 % clear solution of the homopolymer in the adduct of glycerol
and propyleneoxide, the viscosity of which at 25C is 2,985 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 10: The procedure is as described in Example ~, but S0 parts of n-butylacrylate
and S0 parts of cyclohexanol are employed and the reaction mixture is cooled to 25C
after the 8-hour reaction time. A 50 % clear solution of the homopolymer in cyclohexanol,
the viscosity of which at 25C is 580 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 11: 16.7 par~s of n-butylacrylate are dissolved in 50 parts of n-hexanol in an
inert nitrogen atmosphere and this solution is heated to 75C. 0.25 part of
- 12-
azodiisobutyronitrile as a c"talyst is added to the reaction mixture, the temperature of the
reaction mixture rising from 75C to 82C in the course of 3 minutes~ Thereafter, a
solution of 183.3 parts of n-butylacrylate in 150 parts of n-hexanol is added to the reaction
mixture in the course of 2 hours. In each case 0.25 part of azorliisobutyronitrile is added to
the reaction mixture 45 minutes and 90 minutes after the start of the feed and 1 hour after
the feed has ended. The reaction mixlure is kept totally, that is to say from the start of the
feed, under an inert nitrogen atmosphere at 75 to 8,2C in the course of 10 hours. The
reaction mixture is then cooled to 25C. A 50 % clear solution of the homopolymer, the
viscosity of which at 25C is 248 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 12: The procedure is as described in Example 11, but n-octanol is employed
instead of n-hexanol. A 50 % clear solution of the homopolymer, the viscosity of which at
25C, measured as in Example 4, is 440 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 13: The procedure is as described in Example 4, but 50 parts of n-butylacrylate
and 50 parts of an industrial mixture of straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (boiling
range 186-214C, kinematic viscosity at 25C 1.8 mm2/s, aniline point 85C) are
employed. A 50 % solution, the viscosity of which at 25C is 605 mPa.s, is obtained.
Example 14: The procedure is as described in Example 4, but 50 parts of n-butylacrylate
and 50 parts of an industrial mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing branched chains
(boiling range 192-210C, kinematic viscosity at 25C 21 mm2/s, aniline point 85C) are
employed. A 50 % solution, the viscosity of which at 25C is 590 mPa.s, is obtained.
B) Preparation of component (b):
Example 15. 163.8 g of an addition product of 4 mole of ethylene oxide Oll 1 mole of
Cg-Clloxo alcohol (OH number: 171) are mixed with 3.3 g of sulfuric acid (96 %) and the
mixture is heated to 65C. 60 g of styrene oxide are then added dropwise in the course of
35 minutes, the temperature rising to 87C. The reaction product is subsequently stirred at
7SC for S hours, neutralized with sodium bicarbonate solution and filtered. The filtrate is
concentrated and the residue is dried. This gives a yellowish clear product of the forrnula
- 13-
(I) C9-C I l -All;y~-o-(c~l2c~l2o)~l l2-o}~
11
OH number: 127
Example 16:
a) 350 g of an addition product of 35 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of stearyl alcohol
(OH number: 32) are mi~;ed with 5.6 g of sulfuric acid (96 %) and the mixture is heated to
70C. 24 g of styrene oxide are then added dropwise at 70-75C in the course of 3û
minutes. The mixture is subsequently stirred at 75C for 8 hours and then neutralized with
sodium bicarbonate solution and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated and the residue is
dried. This gives a product which is waxy at room temperature and has the formula
(II) C~8H37-0-(cH2cH2-o~cH-cH2-oH
OH number: 30
b) 185 g of the product of the formula (II) prepared according to (a) are heated to 70C
and mixed with 10 g of urea. After 15 minutes, 10 g of sulfamic acid are added and the
mixture is stirred at 80C for 1 hour and at 95C for 2 hours. The reaction product is then
diluted with 307.5 g of water and stirred at 65-70C until dissolution is complete. This
gives a product which is gelatinous at room temperature and has the formula
(rII) C181131-0~CIl2c~l2 ~) c~-cl12--S3NI-14
3s ~
Fxample 17: 112 g of the styrene oxide addition product of the formula (II) prepared
according to Example 16(a) are slowly heated to 70C with 6.0 g of maleic anhydride and
the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is then stirred at
90C for a further 3 hours. This gives a product which is waxy at room temperature and
2~ 4~0
has the formula
~IV) cl8H37-O~cll2cl~2o~cH CH2 o co CH=CH cooH
Acid number: 29
Example 1~ 361 g of an addition product of 1 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole ofn-butyl alcohol are heated to 50C together with 1.84 g of borontrifluoride-etherate. 240 g
(2 mole) of styrene oxide are then added dropwise in the course of 1 hour, the temperature
rising to 85C. The mixture is then stirred at 85C for 15 minutes and the reaction mixture
is subsequently cooled to 20C. After the excess ethylene glycol monobutylether has been
distilled off, the mixture is subjected to fractional distilla~ion under a high vacuum.
This gives 230 g of a colourless product of the formula
(V) C4H9-0-CH2CH2~H2oH
OH number: 252
Example 19: 14.2 g of phosphoms pentoxide (0.1 mole) are added, at 20C while stirring
rapidly, to S6.3 g of the reaction product prepared according to Example 18. During this
addition, the temperature rises to 90C. The mixture is subsequently stirred at 20C for 4
hours. The resulting product is a brown clear viscous mixture of the compounds of the
formulae
(VIa) C4H90-CH2CH2~ 2 \ ~ and
HO OH
~o~oo
- 15 -
(~Ib) c4~ls-Cll2cH2~H2 0\ ~
C41 19O-CH2CH2-O- ,CH-C~2-O OH
Example 20: 508 g of an addition product of 3 rnole of propylene oxide and S mole of
ethylene oxide on 1 mole of dodecanol (OH number: 127.5) are mixed with 9 7 g ofmethane sulfonic acid and the mixture is heated to 70C. Thereafter, 138.8 g of styrene
oxide (l.lS7 mole) are added dropwise at 70-80C in the course of 90 minutes. The
mixture is then stirred at 80C for 3 1/2 hours and subsequently neutralized with sodium
bicarbonate solution and filtered. The filtrate is concentrated and the residue is dried. This
gives a yellowish clear product of the forrnula
(VII) Cl2H2so-(cH2-lcH-o~cH2-c~2 o)--CH-C~2OH
CH3 3
OH number: 90
Ex~21: 44 g (1 mole) of ethylene oxide are added to 220.4 g of the reaction product
according to Example lS at 140C under a pressure of S bar using Na methylate as the
catalyst. This gives a yellowish, slightly cloudy product of the formula
(VIII) C9Hll A~ -o--(cH2c~{2-o~cH-c~{2-o-(
4[~3 2
OH number: 114
22: 483 g of an addition product of 8 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of
Cg-Clloxo alcohol (OH number: 116) are rnixed with 9 g of sulfuric acid (96 %) and the
mixture is heated to 65C. 120 g (1 mole) of styrene oxide are then added dropwise in the
4~1
- 16-
course of 60 minutes, the temperature rising to 82C. The mixture is then subsequently
stirred at 75C for 5 hours, ncutralized with sodium bicarbonate solution and filtered. The
filtrate is concentrated and the residue is dried. This gives a ycllowish, clear product of the
formula
(IX) Cg-C 11 -Alkyl- (CH2CH2-0} CH-CH20H
OH number: 9l
Example 23: 36.3 g of ethylene oxide (0.83 mole) are added to 255.5 g of the reaction
product prepared according to Example 22 at 140C under a pressure of S bar and using
Na methylate as the catalyst. This gives a yellowish, slightly cloudy product of the
formula
(X) C9-Hll-Alkyl-o-(cH2cH2otcH-cH2-o-(c~l2-cH2-o~H
~3 2
OH number: l00
A reaction carried out in a manner similar to that described in Examples lS to 23 gives the
following addition products of the formulac
(XI~ c4H9-o(cH2cH2otcH-c~2oH
OH number: 194
(XII) C9-Cll-Alkyl-O~CH2CH2O~(CH2-lCH-O6~CH-CH2-OH
6 CH3 [~
OH number: 96
x~L~6~a
(XIII) iso-CgHI9 O~cll2cll2o~ll2 0H
OH number: 159
(XIV) iso-CgHIg-O~H2cH2o~H2-oH
OHnumber: 119
(XV) iso-CgHI9-O~CH2CH20~CH-CH2-OH
[~3
OH number: 105
(XVI) Cl3l~27-o~cH2cH2o}ca-cH2-oH
OH number: 78
(XVII) C13H27-o~cH2cH20 [~H2-o-s03NH4
(XVIII) Olcyl O~CH2CH2O~3H2 oH
OH number: 47
z~
- 18 -
(XIX) c9-c~l-Alkyl-o~cii2c}i2o~H2-o-so3Nil4
(XX) C13-H27-O~cH2cil2o~H2-oH
OH number: 72
(XXI) Cg-Cll-AD~ O~cH2cH20 [~H2-OH
OH number: 111
(~XII) Cg-Cl l -AlkYI-O~CH2CH20~lH2 oH
OH number: 140
(XXII) C~3 H27-c~cll2cH2o [~H2 0 5C3NH4
(XXIV) C18-H37-0~CI-l2cH20~112-o-so3NH4
- 19-
(XXV) C9-cll-All;y~-otcH2c~l2o ~ 2 0-So3Nli4
(XXVI) C13-H27-otCH2CH2(3) - CH-CH2-0-CO-CH=CH-COOH
10~
Acid number: 65
(XX~II) c4H9-otCH2cH2~ CH-CH20H
OH number: 194
(XXVIII) mixture of
C4H90~CH2CH2-O[~H2 ~ ~0 and
C4H90-(CH2CH2-O~H2 0~ ~
C4H90-(CH2CH2-0)~ 12- OH
C) Pre~ration of the agerlts accordin~ to ~he invention
Example 24: 470 g of the copolymer prepared accordin~ to Example 1 (component (a))
4~)
- 2() -
are mixed homogeneously with 390 g of isopalmityl alcohol (component (c)) at 20C for
10 minutes. Thereafter,70 g of an ethoxylated polydimethylsiloxane and, in each case
after 5 minutes, 35 g of oleic acid and 35 g of the addition product of 1 mole of styrene
oxide on 1 mole of the adducl of 9 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of isotridecyl alcohol
(component (b)) are added to the homogeneous mixture, while stirring continuo-lsly. The
mixture is further stirred for a few more minutes to give 1000 g of a yellowish cle~ur
solution.
Example 25: 470 g of the copolymer prepared according to Example 1 (component (a))
are mixed homogeneously with 390 g of isopalmityl alcohol (component (c)) at 2()C for
10 minutes. Thereafter,70 g of an ethoxylated polydimethylsiloxane and, in each case
after 5 minutes, 35 g of oleic acid and 35 g of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide
(component (b)) are added to the homogeneous mixture, while stirring continuously. The
mixture is further stirred for a few more minutes to give 1000 g of a yellowish clear
solution.
Example 26: The procedure as described in E~xample 24 is repeated, but 35 g of the
addition product of 1 mole of styrene oxide on 1 mole of the adduct of 4 mole of ethylene
oxide on 1 mole of C9-Clloxo alcohol are employed as component (b) instead of the
addition product described in Example 24. 1000 g of a yellowish clear solution are
obtained.
Example 27: 490 g of the copolymer prepared according to Example 1 (component (a))
are mixed with 460 g of isopalmityl alcohol (component (c)) at 20C for 10 minutes. 50 g
of the addition product of 1 mole of styrene oxide on 1 mole of the adduct of 2 mole of
ethylene oxide on 1 mole of isononyl alcohol are then added to the homogeneous mixture,
while stirring, and the mixture is further stirred for a few more minutes. This gives 1000 g
of a clear yellowish solution.
Example 28: 525 g of the copolymer prepared according to Example 1 (component (a))
are mixed with 435 g of isopalmityl alcohol (componen~ (c)) at 20C for 10 minutes.
Thereafter, 40 g of the addition product of 1 mole of styrene oxide Oll 1 mole of the adduct
of 2 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of isononyl alcohol are added to the homogeneous
mixture~ while stirring, and the mixture is further stirred for a few more minutes. This
gives 1000 g of a clear yellowish solution.
~0(~41~
Examp!e 29 525 g of the copolymer prepared according to Example S (component (a))
are mixed with 435 g of isopalmityl alcohol (component (c)) at ~0C for 10 minutes.
Thereafter, 40 g of the addition product of 1 mole of styrene oxide on I mole of the adduct
of 2 mole of ethylene oxide on I mole of isononyl alcohol are added to the homogeneous
mixture, while stirring, and the mixture is further stirred for a few more minutes. This
gives 1000 g of a clear yellowish solution.
Application examples:
Example 30: 600 g of a mixture of 61 % of the sodium salt of pentadecane-1-sulfonic
acid, 8.1 % of the addition product of 4 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of a
Cg-Cllalkanol, 5 % of methyldipropylene glycol, 10 % of partial oligomers of
1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid, 5 % of sorbitol and 11 % of an aqueous 50 %
potassium hydroxide solution are dissolved in 80 litres of water, and 10 litres of sodium
hydroxide solution (30 %) are added. To suppress foaming, 100 g of the agent prepared
according to ~xample 26 are added to the mixture and the mixture is made up to 100 litres
with water.
A raw cotton fabric of 220 g/m2 is impregnated with the liquor thus prepared, squeezed off
to liquor pick-up of 100 % and steamed with saturated steam at 101C for 10 minutes. It is
then rinsed hot and cold and dried and the CIBA-GEIGY whiteness is determined, which
has the rating 10 (that of the raw untreated fabric is -73). The boiling-out liquor is now
investigated for foaming properties in accordance with DIN 53902 and a foam height of
20 ml is found. In an identical liquor but without the agent according to the invention, the
foam height is 300 ml.
If the agent according to Example 24 is used instead of the agent according to Example
~6, the foam height is 15 ml.
Example 31: 100 kg of cotton tricot arc wetted in 60() litres of deionized water at 40C on
a short liquor jet. 36 kg of sodium chloride, 5 kg of the reactive dyestuff of the formula
2~
- 22 -
N ~N
SO~H OH HN--C ~ ~C--NH2
~ N--N ~ SO3H
0.6 kg of the adduct of 9 mole of ethylene oxide on 1 mole of p-nonylphenol and 0.6 kg of
the foam suppressant according to Example 24 are then introduced into the liquor. The
substrate is dyed on the short liquor jet at 40C for 45 minutes. 0.6 kg of calcined sodium
carbonate is then added, and 1.2 kg of an aqueous 30 % sodium hydroxide solution are
added after a further 5 minutes. The tricot is then dyed for a further 40 minutes and
subsequently rinsed and re-washed. A fast level red dyeing of the tricot results. During the
dyeing process, no interference in the run of the goods occurs. No foarning is to be found.
If dyeing is carried out in the same manner but without addition of the agent according to
Example 24, severe foaming and in some cases interference in the run of the goods occurs.
E ample 32: 100 parts of knitted goods of texturized polyester fibre is introduced in an
incompletely flooded jet dyeing machine into 1,500 parts of hot water at 60C which
contains 2 parts of ammonium sulfate and a finely dispersed dyestuff mixture of the
following composition:
2.~ parts of the dyestuff C.I. Disperse Yellow 54, C.I. 47020,
2.6 parts of the dyestuff C.I. Disperse Red 151, C.I. 26130,
0.8 part of the dyestuff C.I. Disperse 131ue 56, C.I. 63285,
2.0 parts of the ammonium salt of the acid sulfuric acid ester of an adduct of glycerol and
propylene oxide having a molecular weight of 4,200 and
1.5 parts of the foam suppressant according to Example 26, and ;n which the pH has been
adjusted to S with formic acid.
The temperature of the liquor is then increased to 130C in the course of 30 minutes and
dyeing is carried out at this temperature for a further 60 minutes. During this period, it can
be seen through the inspection window of the dyeing machine that the liquor issuing from
the jets contains no foam at all. The liquor is then cooled to 70C. The substrate is
subjected to reductive cleaning, rinsing and drying in the customary manner.
æ~ 400
- 23 -
A level brown dyeing with good penetration of the dye (diffusion~ and good fastness
properties is thus obtained.
Similarly good effects are also obtained if the foam suppressant according to Example 24
is employed instead of the foam suppressant according to Example 26.
