Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2~32~
O ~i7
S P E C I F I C A 'r I o M
SOFT MAGNETIC STEEL MATERIALS OF IRON BASE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to soft magnetic ~e~
materl~s of an iron base where ~ DC magnetization properties
are required such as an electromagnetic core or a magneti
sh~ /d.~
~ materlal.
BACICGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Soft irons or pure irons obtained at relatively cheap
costs or very e~pensive permalloy or supermalIoy have been used
c, sh ;e ld ,~
as DC electromagnetic iron cores, or magneti~ ~G}ee=}*~
materials of medical appliances, physical machinery, electronic
parts or appliances which have recently been remar~able
especially in ~development~ L~E~7~Ei~ A magneti.c flux
density ~ as 'IB1 value"~h ~ :~, 1 Oe~of the soft
~ ~ ~.~ It h~s
iron or the pure iron is about 3000 to 11000 G. ~4~_h~4e been
G ~h.~ld ;~
used as the magneti ~ ~}ee~n~ materials of MRI (tomogram
diagnosis apparatus by:~ a: nuclear magnetic resonance) or those
, 5~ up~ t~/~
~ aroun ~ several gausses or as e ectromagnetic iron core
materials.
In~ ~the usage where~ the DC~ magnet}zation ~property lS
important~ w~ u~ }~m~e-~ problems of conventional
v~ ~he c 5hiel.~ h~ ~ w;ll !be :d~c~
techni~ques~ ~h~Y~#~ the magneti~ ~e~0~s as~ an example~
The ~pure~ iron~which is cheap at cost and high in a saturated
2~2~
s~
magnetization has been used to the magneti~ eEee~i-~ of MRI.
~rQd4 j~Q t~
Even an O ~ (concretely, JIS C2504 SUYPo) require~ ~most
severe properties in JIS -~ ~d~L-~L~
~ cc~ti~n, o~
specif~ \/electrogamnetic soft irons w~e~ ~ob~a~t~ r4~-~he
d~ ~x==~rQ~t~--&&~-specifies a loweæ limit o
l~ ,~us ; t, ~ t~ elJ ;n
the B1 value a~ 8000 G. ~ is difficult`to ~ ~-mag~eS~
~ le
a level of ~ earth magnetism ~ ~3~e~, and a
` o~ a l~vel s/
-7~y~ff f~æ=-~e~e~ u ~e~5m lower than several gaus~es
be~o~.e I knowu~
has ~ bulky. A Fe-Ni alloy 'as the permalloy or supermalloy
is sometimes used for more effective~ e5~ ~ 7. Those materials
are possible to screen the magnetism lower than the earth
magnetism but they are very expensive, and further their
`saturated magnetizations are as low as 1/3 to 2/3 of that of
~ ;h,~ `n~ ~h~ er
the pure iron. For se~ee~*~ a high magnetic field, ~ thickness
must be increased extremely. In cithoE~ good deal of their
use is c _ v dif~icult~ P~ a~ eco~u~lc~l Vt~W po;~t~t `.
Taking the above mentioned situations 1nto consideration,
some studies have been made on heightening of the magnetic
permeability without spoiling the high saturated magnetization
of the pure iron materials. They are, for example, methods
taught in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-45443, Japanese~
Patent Laid Open No. 62-77420 or "Developments of Ultra Thick
Electromagnetic Steel Platesl' mentioned in No.S of vol~23,
(published in 1984) by ~Japan Metal~Society. Each of these
methods aims at ~ improving of the ~ magnetic permeability
panying with coarsenlng of ferrite crystal grains. ~owever,
.~ . .
those techno~logles~ Iimit objects to hot rolled plates of small
:
:
- -:,, ' : . :
,
2 ~
-- 3 --
thickness, or they could not accomplish more than 11000 G with
a,~ 0
the magnetic flux densit ~ call~d as 'IBo 5 value" hereinafter)~
L-5==~=~h~_~ ~ more severe DC ma~ zation property is
(7rnv3 ~hQv h~ve ~t ~e~ s~;C~nt ~d~be ~se ~he~e~
appreciated as ,he present invention.-
Up~
U~ the presentJ ~-0~m6l~Y~ such materials have not
a~nd ~67e ~nQ~Ietic p4~ ab;1~ s hl~ t~t is I
yet been offered that the saturate'd' magn'et'iz''a'ti'c'~n'ls ~lC~
high magnetic flux density is revealed in a low magnetic fielc1
corresponding to an extent of the earth magnetismç/~ tl~ ~- is~
t~e--ffla~rt~e--~ -is l~i~h. It is an object of the
invention to offer such materials.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
For solving the above st~ated problems, the inventors made
investigations on lndustrial pure irons which were ~c_ o~
soft magnetic materlals for the DC magnetic fleld ~ clear~
defects thereof, ~ obtained knowledge under mentioned.
~0~ ~ Pb~
From standpoints o~ - ~e~R~ the high magnetic permeability,
~llo~ln~ proc~d~re~ ~e~e ~Du~d tDb~ eff~Ctl`u~D (I) ~h~ ~d~l`tlG~ af ~ J
h-~ n=-o~---- ~ ve
deoxidation possible, improves the magnetic permeability in
company with decreasings of an oxygen amount and oxid
_ , and lowe ~ s~olute ~ ul to the magnetic
~ t ~ P~eC;p;t~ ~
permeability`by ~ ~al~ ~ ~2) The addition of a certain
CDa~S eh j~q ~1
necessary amount enables hc~iona of finely~ scatter~*g~ ~lN~
redu~e
ch~ bad influences of~AlN ~ themselv~s~as low
as ~possi-b-le, and~considerably accelerates coarsening of ferrite
~tysb~ grains by~th& annealing whicll is an instr~ument to remoYe
t~e lattice~ strains, and eaC}I of these effects is ~profitable
:
:: :: :: : : :: :: : : :
:
',
- 2 ~ 6~
to the improvement of the permeablity; (3) Especially the
~0~ ! 5 ~
addition of more than O.5-~ k~ ~ remarkably transformation
C~Y~ ~ U ~
temperatures, or ~ provide a-r~---rite ~i~h~ phase, and enables
annealing~ at temperatures exceeding 900C without introducing
strain~ by the~F~a~sformation, accordingly. The annealing ~
hi~h tc~pcratur{~ brings about removal of lattice strain~
and the coarsening of the ferrite ~-L~ grains. The
improvement of the magnetic permeability of solute Al itself
may be also considered, but by synergetic effects thereof, very
excellent permeability may be provided; (4) If Ti is added
as required, the solute N is preferentially fixed by Ti and
attributes to the improvement of the properties, so that an
eff ~t is not required for decreasing N content1/0 From a
~ h;~h~-~o!leuJed ~;Y,d.~s ~ e_Ob~Lin~dL~
standpoint of holding the saturated magnetlzation (5) Al
addition exceeding 2.5% should be avoided; (6) If C and N
amounts are ~ , the transformatlon temperature lowers, or
the necessary ~amount o Al increases. Further, the properties
are deteriorated by the increment of the lattice strain by
~ : p~ecipit~l`o~s 1
increasings of solute C and N or ~b~ R~ carbides and
nitrides. The inventors found upper limits of C and ~ amounts
fo~ avoiding them, and accomplished the present invention.
fe~au~
A first invention is to offer soft magnetic~ mater ls ~`
of an iron base, composed of Al: 0.5 to 2.5 wt~, Si: not more
than 1~.0~wt~,~ C+N: not more than 0.007 wt~, Mn: not more than
: ~ :
O.S ;wt%, oxygen: not more than 0.005 wt%, the rest~ being Fe
and~ ~unavoidable impurities; having ferrite ~ crystal grain~
diameters~ of more than 0.5 mm, showing magnetic flux density ~
: ~ ;
`
~2~
-- 5
in 0~5 Oe being more than 11000 G , magnetic flux density in
25 Oe being more than 15500 G, and a coercive force of not more
than 0.4 Oe under a condition that lattice strains are all
removed .
A second inven-tion is to offer soft magnetic ~ee~ mate.rials
of an iron base, composed of ~l: 0.5 to 2.5 wt%, Si: not more
than 1.0 wt%, C+N: not more than 0.014 wt%, Mn- not more than
0.5 wt~, oxygen: not more than 0.005 wt%, Ti: 0~005 to 1.0 wt%,
the rest being Fe and unavoidable impurities; having ferrite
crystal grain diameters of more than 0.5 mm, showing magnetic
flux density in 0.5 Oe being more than 11000 G, magnetic flux
density in 25 Oe being more than 15500 G, and a coercive force
of not more than 0.4 Oe under a conditlon that lattice strains
are all removed .
`':
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS ~
Fig. ~ is a diagram showing relation between CfN content
and the DC magnetization property (Bo 5 value);~; and . - .
Fig. ~ is a diagram showing.~relation between sol.Al addition
and the DC magnetization property (Bo 5 value and B25 value).
: ~ ~
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION ; ~
An explanation will be made to reasons for limiting the
chemical composition of~this invention. ~
It is preferable to ~decrease C and N as low as;:possible
:
for securing an excellent DC magnetization property, but an
utmost decrease is difficult in~ industrial production since
- -
-- 6
~ C~ I~ S ~ i S ` ~
it i~ ~s extr~me cost-up. In view of ~ the trans-
formation temperature by Al addition, if the amount of C addition
is not controlled to be low, the amount of Al addition should
;Y~ c}-e ~5~d
be ~u&h, resultin~ in lowering the saturated magnetization,
which is contrary to the intention of the invention. Fi
shows that the annealing is carried out under ordinary conditions
at temperatures between 1000 and 1100C, thereby to remove the
lattice strains, and then a change of the DC magnetization
property is taken as a change of Bo 5 value so as to study
influences of C+N contents. According to this study, it is
seen that the C+N content should be not more than 0.007~ for
providing satisfactory properties. Thus, C~N is determined
`to be not more than 0.007~ in the invention.
Ti is added as required which is a strong nitride former
as said later. Ti addition is for decreasing the above said
harms of N without severely specifying an upper limit of N
resulting in high costs. Therefore, in this case, the upper
llmit of C~N is determined to be 0.014%.
Si contributes to the improvement of the magnetic perme-
ability, but since coarse ferrite crystal grains~of more than
0.5 mm may be~ obtained by ~the Al addltlon after an anneallng,
the upper~ limit ls 1.0% for avoiding low rlng of the saturatec1
magnetizatlon~and the cost-up by much addition.
Since Mn deteriorates the DC magnetization propèrty,
~ C~eS
lower~g is~ desirable, but an extreme lowering ~ ~s the
cost-up and~ the increase of N oontent. Further, this element
also ~ ~a hot brlttleness by fixing s. It may be contained
- . : . .
: . , ~ . :
, :. , ; ,
,:, ' . :.... . , -: ~ ,
. . ..
-- 7
~ h~
0.5% as an upper limit within a range that Mn/S s not lower
than 10.
Al is, as said above, the most important element of this
invention. It brings about the f iY~ of the solute N r the
~oa~s~ s;
cch~i~ of AlN sra~ns, and the ~ h-t~ of the transformatior
o nd c~s ~ ~LSe ~e~o~ ~
temperature ~ ults~thereby expand~ a ferrite ~ ~ o that
this element accomplishes the coarsening of the ferrite grains
and the decreasing of the lattice strain~ by the annealing.
~ o~4l it, ~tiS~ ts~/
iS assumed ~o mprove~ the D magnetization property,b~
pl~e s e~
~o-}u~e~ l tssl~ Thus, in the~nvention, this element must
be added for providing the excellent DC magnetization property.
As seen in Fig. ~ such effect of Al may be obtained by adding
~ QI~e
more than 0.5% in a ~0rm of sol.Al. On the other hand, it is
undesirable to add exceedingly 2.5~, because B25 value is lowered
by decreasing the saturated magnetization. Al addition is
determined to be O.S to 2.5% in the ~4~m of sol.Al~
Ti is the strong nitride former as said above. If adding
it 0.005 to 1.0%, it is possible to avoid conslderable damages
of the DC magnetization property by a fixing ~t_-o~ solute
N even in such materials where N content is not fully decreased~
that is, cheap materials. If the N content is relatively low,
the generating amount of~nitrlde ~ea~ are low, and the DC
magnetization property may be expected to be improved morè or
less, accordingly. The Tl~addition of more th~an the;upper limit
deterirates~the DC magnetization property.
If the chemical composition is limited~as above according
to the lnvention, such ~ ~materials may ~e produced which
:
,.",. : .
. .
2 ~
-- E3 --
have the high Bo 5 value and B2S value, that is, the excellent
soft magnetic properties in the DC magnetic field.
The - ~ l materials of the invention include hot ~70rked,
cold worked and warm worked materials, and include these kinds
of ~* plates, ~n sheets, bar ~ érials (shape steels, etc.),
forged materials, and others.
~Le ~I-vu~
The ~e~l materials of the invention may be produced by
the hot working process of cast pieces, the warm or cold working
proceses of as-cast pieces, the hot working followed by cold
or warm working process, the direct-rolling process, the anneal-
ing (ordinarily more than 450CJ between the workings in the
above respective pxocesses, and others. In each of them, a
~final annealing is performed at the temperatures of ordinarily
more than 900C, preferably 1000 to 1300C.
EXAMPLE
Table 1 shows chemical compositions of the inventive and
comparative examples.
Steels B-G, J, L, N-T, V-X, and Z belong to the composit--
ion of the invention, and Steels A, El, I, K, M, U, Y and a are
the comparative examples. Table 2 shows results that the steels
of Table 1 were made ingots of 110 mm~thickness after
bee~-~eL~en, hot rolled into thickness of 15 mm at a temperature
of 1200~C, and measured, after the~annealing, with respect to
the DC magnetization properties and the ferrite crystal grain
diameters. The annealings were performed under ordinary condit-
ions oi heatlng- ~ y tlme for 1 to 3 hours and cooling
'
- , . : .
- . : ,: : , , , :
: ': ;: : ,: ' , . . ..
- : , :
~ -
2 ~
- 9
rates of 100C/hr to 500C/hr.
In Table 2, the influences of the sol.Al contents ~ere
studied in Nos.1 to 9 and No.21, and No.21 was a comparative
example of the pure iron.
Nos.10 to 13 and No.25 studied influences of the C+N
content. Fig.~ shows these results, to which the result of
No~4 was added. According to these results, it is recognized
that in a case of no Ti-addition, when the C~N content exceeds
0.007%, Bo 5 value is deteriorated.
Nos.14 to 16 studied influences of the Mn contentsr where
the DC magnetization was deteriorated as increasing o Mn
content, but it might be assumed that a desirable property was
secured in a range not exceeding 0.56.
Nos.17 to 20 studied influences of the Si contents, where
the magnetic flux densities tBo 5 value, B1 value and B25 value)
were lowered by lowering of the saturated magnetlzation along
with the increasing of Si, but desirable properties were still
secured. Further, since it is known that the Si addition
increases a proper reslstance of the steel as Al, the material
~was cold rolled into a thin sheet, and whén using to soft
~ ~e!r~o~
magnetic ~b~l materlals to be used in AC magnetic field, the
decreasing of iron losses may be expected.
Nos.22~ to Z4, No.26~ and No.27~ stùdied lnfluences of Ti
additions. Since N~was ~ixed by adding Ti, preferable properties
were acknowledged. No.23 is ~an inventive steel where Ti was
:
added to~ a steel equivalent to No.11 (comparative steel). No.2~6
is an inventive steel where Ti was ~added to a steel equivalent
: ~ : :
:: ~ ,
: ~ ' `
-- 10 --
to No.25 (comparative steel). In each of them, in spite of
C~N ~ O.Q07%, N was fully fixed by Ti, and they were largely
improved in comparison with the comparative ones of No~11 and
No.25.
Table 3 shows results that some steels of Table 1 were
hot rolled, and cold rolled into thin sheets, and subjected
to the ordinary annealings, and studied in the DC magnetization
properties as in Table 2. The cold reduction rates shown in
the inventive examples and the comparative ones were 50 to 80~.
In Table 3, No.1 and No.2 were the comparative examples
of Steel U, while Nos.3 to 6 were the inventive steels which
reveal the desirable DC magnetization properties in comparison
with the comparative examples of Nos 1 and 2.
In each of Tables 2:and 3, the inventive steels have the
desirable DC magnetization properties, and are all moxe than
0.5 mm in the ferrite crystal grain diameters~
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As stated above, the soft magnetic ~l~ materials of the
invention have the excellent DC magnetization properties, and
therefore may be easily magnetized even in very weak magnetic
fields, and those are useful as iron cores of high function
or magnetic ~ ~ ~ materials of high function.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABLITY
The present invention may be applied to soft magnetic
materials of iron base where the high DC magnetization
properties such as an electromagnetic core and a magneti~
-~ ~4~1 ~ material are required.
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