Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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The present invention relates to a material
for sound-proofin~ a floor and to floors incorporating
same.
The domain of the invention is that of the sound-
proofing of buildings, more particularly the sound-
proofing of floors, especially from structure-borne
noise, or impact sound.
]0 Multi-layer materials have already been proposed
for effecting this type of sound-proofing, but they
are most often inefficient. It should, moreover,
be noted that t~he solution is far from being evident,
as the total thickness available to the man skilled
15 in the art for making a floor is limited, and that
available for the positioning of sound-proofing mate-
rials is even less.
Certain two-layer composite materials have a
lower layer constituted by an elastic foam and a
20 bituminous upper layer. Experience has shown the
lack of efficiency of these materials, at least when
used with thicknesses compatible with the space avai-
lable. It may be thought that the heavy upper layer
completely crushes the lower layer which no longer
25 performs any insulating role.
$he invention proposes a novel type of material,
and a mode of applying this novel material, which
make it possible to obtain results which are conside-
rably better than all the prior art known up to the
~-~ 30 present time, respecting, of course, the general
specifications of construction of buildings, particular-
ly concerning the thicknesses allowed.
The invention therefore has for its first object
a novel material for sound-proofing a floor, constitu-
ted by the assembly of a first, lower, layer of a
' . . i . ~ ~
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-2- ;~
bituminous product laden with heavy additives such
as talc, and by a second, upper, layer of an elastic
foam, which covers said first layer.
According to the invention, the surface mass
of the first layer is proportional to its thickness,
said surface mass, corresponding to a thickness of
2.3 mm, being included between 2.9 and 4.3 kg/m2,
and the surface mass of the second layer is likewise
proportional to its thickness, said surface mass,
corresponding to a thickness of 4 mm, being included
between 1.5 kg/m2 and 2.3 kg/m2.
The following advantageous arrangements are,
in addition, preferably adopted in the production
of this material:
- the specific masses of the first and second
layers are substantially equal to 3.6 and 1.9 kg/m2,
respectively;
the first layer and the second layer are made
in the form of a monobloc assemblyi
- a latticework of glass fibers is integrated
n the upper face of the second layer.
The invention also relates to floors, as defined -
hereinafter.
According to a first embodiment, the floor com-
25 ~prises a support, such as a slab of concrete or a
parquet, on which said material is placed, the upper ~ ;
face of the second layer being covered by a third
,layer of an impervious cement composed of a powder
and a synthetic resin in the fluid state, of which ~ -
the value of dry extract is included between 50 and
; 70~, said third layer having a thickness of between
1.5 and 2.5 mm.
According to a second embodiment, the floor
comprises a support, such as a slab of concrete or
35 a parquet, on which a panel of extruded poiystyrene, ~;
,
~` 20266~1
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whose density is included between 35 kg/m3 and 53
kg/m3, is stuck, said material resting, by the lower
face of its first layer, on said extruded polystyrene
panel.
The following arrangements are, in addition,
advantageously adopted:
- the thickness of the extruded polystyrene
panelis included between 6 and 9 mm;
- the floor comprises an upper coating, such
as the tiles of tiling, which is fixed on the third
layer by means of a fourth layer of an adhesive cement
which is applied on a fifth layer, itself applied
on the third layer, said fifth layer constituting
a fibered wear-resisting layer comprising a complex
of hydraulic binders, resins and specific fillers
and having a thickness of between 6 and 15 mm.
The principal advantage of the invention resides
: in the fact that, for the first time, the man skilled
in the art has at his disposal a material which ensures
efficient sound-proofing, particularly from impact
: sounds, this material having a thickness compatible
: with the various known standards.
In addition, in its most complete form, and
still respecting the ranges of thickness permitted,
the invention ensures a complementary heat insulation,
ensures water-proofing of the floor, and, finally,
:: reinforces existing floors, even old ones in a poor
state, so as to give them a good stability, enabling
any desired outer coating, such as tiles, to be laid.
:: The invention will be more readily understood
~: on reading the following description with reference
to the accompanying drawings, in which:
: Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 are sections of first,
second, ~hird~ nd-f~urthr~~mbodiments, respectively,
,;.. .. : , .
~: " '
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of floors according to the i~ention.
Referring now to the drawingsi the floor shown
in section in Figure 1 is constituted by:
- a lower support 1, such as a concrete slab,
an old parquet, a panel composed of wood particles,
or a steel panel, belonging to the structure of a .
building;
- a material 2, essentially comprising a first,
lower, layer 3 of a heavy bituminous product, laden
with heavy additives such as talc, covered with a
second, upper, layer 4 of an elastic foam, such as
a latex foam, th~ upper face of this second layer
constituting a sort of skin, more generally a film; .
:~ 15 - a latticework 5 of nets interlaced for example
in two perpendicular directions, this latticework
5 resting on the upper face forming skin of the second
layer and being partly incrusted therein; .
- the assembly of said first layer 3, the second
20 layer 4 and the latticework 5 constituting the material .
~:: 2 preferably being in factory-made monobloc form; : :
- a third layer 6 of a flexible, impervious
cement which ensures fixation of the material 2 (more
precisely the lower face of the first layer 3) on
the upper face of the support 1;
the tiles 7 of a tiling, pointed by means
of a pointing product 8; and
i `- a fourth layer 9 of a flexible, impervious
:cement, which ensures fixation of said tiles 7 on .
the upper face (forming skin3 of the second layer
4 and on the nets of the latticework 5.
The embodiment of Figure 2 presents the same
elements as those of the embodiment of Figure 1,
; and is completed in the following manner:
- a panel lOj made of extruded polystyrene,
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is fixed on the support 1 by means of said third
layer 6 of cement, its lower face being provided
with parallel superficial grooves ll in order to
facilitate attachment of the cement;
- the material 2 rests on the upper face of
said panel 10, the weight of this material 2 and
the viscosity of the first layer 3 of the bituminous
product ensuring fixation of said material 2 on said
panel 10 of extruded polystyrene.
The following indications must be noted concerning
the the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2:
- the first layer 3 has a thickness included
between 1.9 and 3.0 mm, and preferably close to 2.3
mm;
- the surface mass of this first layer 3, propor-
tional to the thickness of said first layer, is inclu-
ded, for a thickness of 2.3 mm, between 2.9 and 4.3
kg/m2, and, for said thickness of 2.3 mm, is preferably
close to 3.6 kg/m2;
- the thickness of the second layer 4 is included
between 3.2 and 5 mm, and is preferably close to
; 4 mm; ~ ~
s~ - the surface mass of the second layer 4, propor-
tional to the thickness of said second layer, is
25~included~, for a thickness of 4 mm, between 1.5 and
2.;3~kg/m2, and iS preferably close to 1.9 kg/m2,
for saîd thickness of 4 mm;
- the nets of the latticework 5 are made of
glass, and, preferably, of glass fibers, and have
30 undergone an anti-alkaline treatment in order not
to be rendered fragile by the cement;
- the coefficiènt of sound attenuation of the
second layer 4, for a thickness of 4 mm, is included
between 24 and 30 decibels (Aj, and is preferably
35 close to 27 decibels (A);
2~
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- the coefficient of heat conductivity of the
second layer 4, for a thickness of 4 mm, is included
between 0.050 and 0.075 W/m.C, and is preferably
close to 0.062 W/m.C;
- the thickness of the panel 10 of extruded
polystyrene is included between 6 and 9 mm, and is
preferably close to 7.5 mm;
- the density of the panel 10 of extruded polysty-
rene is included between 35 and 53 kg/m3, and is
10 preferably close to 44 kg/m3; -;~
- the coefficient of heat conductivity of the
panel 10 of extruded polystyrene is included between
0.020 and 0.031 W/m.C and is preferably close to
0.026 W/m.C;
- the thickness of the third layer 6 of cement
is included between 1 and 3.5 mm, and is preferably
close to 2.5 mm; ~ -
- the thickness of the fourth layer 9 of cement
; is included between 2.5 and 4 mm;
- the cement of the third (6) and fourth (9)
layers is composed of a powder and a synthetic resin,
in~the fluid state, of which the value of the dry
extract is included between 50 and 70%, and is prefe-
rably close to 60%; ~-
25~ ;the~ resistance of this cement to stretching,
measured at -20C, is included between 1.6 and 2.4
Newton/mm2, and is preferably close to 2.0 Newton/mm2;
- the elements 7 for finishing the floor, shown
in the form of tiles, may, in a variant embodiment,
ii 30 ~ be~parquet laths or the like.
Each of the floors shown in Figures 3 and 4
~ likewise employsthe material 2.
;; The floor shown in section in Figure 3 is consti-
tuted by:
- a lower support 1, such as a slab of concrete,
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an old parquet, a panel of wood particles, or a steel
panel, belonging to the structure of a building;
- a material 22, essentially comprising a first,
lower, layer 13 of a heavy bituminous product laden
with heavy additives such as talc, covered by the
second, upper, layer 14 of an elastic foam such as
a latex foam, the upper face of this second layer
constituting a sort of skin, more generally a film,
the material 22 resting, by the lower face 13A of
the ~irst layer 13, on the upper face lA of the lower
support l;
- a latticework 15 made of fibers, particularly
glass fibers, integrated in the upper face 14A of
the second layer 14;
- a so-called fifth layer 12 constituting a
wear-resisting layer composed of fibers embedded
~: : in a complex of hydraulic binders, resins and specific
~: fillers;
- a third layer 16 of an impervious cement com-
posed of a powder and a synthetic resin in the fIuidstate, of which'the value of the dry extract is inclu-
:ded;~between 50 and 70~, this third layer 16:having
a~thickness of between 1.5 and 2.5 mm and ensuring
fixation of~the:fifth layer 12 on the upper face
25~ 4A~of;~the second layer 14, being, of course, inter-
posed~-between s'aid:second (14) and fifth (12) layers;
- the tiles 7 of a tiling, of which only one
' is shown; and
: - the fourth layer 19 of a flexible, impervious
cement,~wh1ch~ensures:fixation of said tiles 7 on
the upper face 12A of the fifth layer 12.
The embodiment of Figure 4 presents the same
elements as those of the embodiment of Figure 3,
completed in the following manner: a panel 10, made
of extruded polystyrene, is interposed between the
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material 22 and the lower support 1, resting by its
lower face lOA on the upper face lA of the lower
support 1 with the interposition of a layer of glue,
and the material 22 resting, by the lower face 13A
of the first layer 13, on the upper face lOB of the
panel 10, the weight of this material 22 and the
viscosity of the first layer 13 of the bituminous
product ensuring fixation of said material 22 on
said panel 10 of extruded polystyrene.
The following indications must be noted concerning
the embodiments of Figures 3 and 4~
- the assembly of said first layer 13, the second
layer 14 and the latticework 15 constituting the ~:
material 22 is preferably in factory-made monobloc
~:~ ; 15 form;
the first layer 13 has a thickness included : n
:~ between 1.9 and 3.0 mm, and preferably close to 2.3 :
:: mm;
the surface mass of this first layer 13, propor- ~-~
20 tional to the thickness of said first layer, is inclu- ~ -
ded, for a thickness of 2.3 mm, between 2.9 and 4.3
:: kg/m2, and:is preferably close to 3.6 kg/m2;
:- the:thickness of the second layer 14 is included
between 3.2 and 5 mm, and is preferably close to
~4 mm~
- the s.urface mass of the second layer 14, propor-
: tional to the thickness`of said second layer, isincluded, for~a thickness of 4 mm, between 1.5 and
2.3 kg/m2, and is preferably close to 1.9 kg/m2;
30- the glass fibers of the latticework lS have
advantageously undergone an anti-alkaline treatment,
in order not to be rendered fragile by the cement; ~-
- the coefficient of sound-attenuation of the .
second layer 14, for a thickness of 4 mm, is included
~; 35 between 24 and 30 decibels (A), and is preferably
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g
close to 27 decibels (A);
- the coefficient of heat cond,uctivity of the
second layer 14, for a thickness of 4 mm, is included
between 0.050 and 0.075 W/m.C, and is preferably
close to 0.062 W/m.C;
- the thickness of the panel 10 of extruded
polystyrene is included between 6 and 9 mm, and is
preferably close to 7.5 mm;
- the density of the panel 10 of extruded polysty-
rene is included between 35 and 53 kg/m3, and is
preferably close to 44 kg/m3;
- the coefficient of heat conductivity of the
panel 10 of extruded polystyrene is included between
0.020 and 0.031 W/m.C, and is preferably close to
0.026 W/m.C;
- the thickness of the third layer 16 of cement
is included betweenl.5 and 2.5 mm;
- the thickness of the fourth layer 19 of cement
is included between 2.5 and 4 mm;
- the cement of the third (16) and fourth (19)
layers is composed of a powder and a synthetic resin
in the fluid state, of which the value of the dry
extract is included between 50 and 70~, and preferably
:
close to 60%;
the resistance of this cement to stretching,
measured at -20C, is included between 1.6 and 2.4
Newton/mm2, and is preferably close to 2.0 Newton/mm2;
- the elements 7 for finishing the floor, repre-
sented as being tiles, may, in a variant embodiment,
be parquet laths or the like;
- the fifth layer 12 has a thickness included
between 6 and 15 mm.
Experience has shown that the choice of the
various constituents in the ranges of values indicated,
and particularly the choice thereof at the preferred
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values, ensures a noteworthy efficiency in the domain
of sound-insulation, particularly from impact sounds.
The overall efficiency observed may be explained
by the following indications:
- the first layer (3; 13) of the material (2;
22) compensates any roughness of the surface of the
support 1 and thus protects the foam of the second
layer (4; 14); in addition, it attenuates the sounds
by stopping a considerable part of the sounds of
high frequencies;
- the second layer (4; 14) completes sound insula-
tion, particularly concerning the impact sounds,
and also provides heat insulation, the principal
function of the assembly of the material (2; 22)
being sound-proofing;
- the latticework (5; 15) ensures a uniform
distribution of the filler and thus provides a good,
regular foundation for laying tiles 7 or the fibered
wear-resisting layer 12 constituting the fifth layer;
:: 20 - the first function of the cement of the third
~:~ (6; 16) and fourth (9; 19) layers is to provide a
: good bond between the various elements, without vibra-
tory beats, and consequently to obtain a good employ-
ment of the material 2; 22. This cement has another
: :25 function, that of reinforcing the structures with
: which it is in contact. Finally, it has a third func-
~ tion, in connection with its noteworthy suppleness: -
;~ it remains permanently applied on the surfaces with
which it is in contact and provides perfect water-
proofing of the floor;
- finally, when it is provided, the panel 10
:~ ~ of extruded polystyrene ensures heat insulation of
the floor, whilst completing its sound insulation.
It should furthermore be noted, on the one hand,
that the eff~ciency obtained results from the reinforce-
ment of the properties of the various constituents,
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\
which, separately, would not make it possible to
obtain the overall result observedi on the other
hand, that the propagation of the vibratory and acous-
tic waves is considerably hindered, and the sound
insulation obtained, noteworthy, due to the various
ruptures in transmission and the various changes
of phases which are produced upon passage from one
constituent to the other.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments
described, but covers, on the contrary, all the va-
riants which may be made thereto without departing
from the scope nor spirit thereof.
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