Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
The large ~iz~ and design of the special fa~tener applie~ ~he proper
drag on the rotably disk hold1ng it from moving. Compass correct~on
data are incorporated on the "compass correction plate~ at
corresponding compass angle~. Desired "compass corrected" values
are then obtained by the rotation of the rotably protractor disk
relative to these angular corrections. The air or marine
"projection plate", featuring the Latitude and Longitude scale~,
allows the multi-purpo~e naviga$ion plotter to psrform direct
navi~ation operations inherent to the3e scale~. The nprojection
plate" also adapts the plotter to the lo~al geographical area.
- The general structural arrangement of thi~ invention particularly
the multi-layered structure, and the int~rchangea~ility and the
detachability of its components allows simple, complQte and
direct chart plotting, converting "true" values t~ "compa~s
corrected" value~ and vice versa.
The interchanaeability of compon~nts adapts this plotter to local
geographical areas in which the craft is navigating. The
interchangeability feature also allows dirQct geographical distance
measurQments and direct coord~nates r~a~in~ and measurements in
Latitude and Lo~gitude of ~eo~raphical position~,
The ~etachability feature of this plotter, incorporates the
flex~billty of ~$tachme~t of the leeway/drift vector and the
"extension ruler/hairlin~". The~e attachments ~re locked-on
individually and separat~ly on the ~pecial ~astener. The
"leeway/drift vector" attachment allows plottin~ o~ any navigation
vect~r~ whereas the "exten~ion rule~/hairline" attachment is used
for longer di~tanc~ measurements and when hairline reference is
preferred to vi3ual hol~in~ prac~ice.
-Navigation plotting as it is practiced at the present time i~
seldom performed with accuracy. Because of the many variabl~s
involved; meAsurements, lnt~rpretations, calculations of geogra-
phical variable data, the intri~s$c de~ign limitations o$ the
multiple plotting instruments n~eded, chart folding and small or
non e~istent chart table ~pace, are factors that ar~ known to
introduce human error.
Accuracy in plotting any navigation operation on a chart to a
"corrected com~ass~ headlng of a ship, is therefore affected by
one's ability to correctly apply the correction factors of local
magnetic variation, compass deviation particular to each vessel or
aircraft, drift correction caused by; wind, leeway and current
through the water and Latitude/Longitude scales measurements.
Due to their engineering limitations, protractors commercially
available are classified a~ "conversion" types and can only perform
a single operation. Therefore other i~struments must be used in
perfor~ing the rest o~ the required oparations inh~rent to
nav~gation plotting. The dividers is one instrume~t still needed
~or makin~ di~tance an~ coordinates measurements, using the
Latitude and Longitude scales imprinted on the sides of charts. The
divider also affect the lif~ usage of navigation charts due to the
wear the chart undergoes being repeatedly punctured by the
divider's sharp metal point~. Life usage oi navigation charts i8
further shortened b~ the unavoidable un~oldi~ ana folding o~ these
charts, a practic~ deemea necessary ~or ac~essi~ the Latitude ~nd
Longitude scaleæ.
It has al80 been a ~ouxce o~ ~m~rou~ accide~ts at ~ea. The
stabbing o~ the foot and arm when the divider ~lides off the chart
tahle when the cra~t is lively.
- I have found that the problem~ encountered in navi~ation plotting
u~ing multiple manually operable in~trume~ts, are eliminated by
incorporating the required ele~ents into a sin~le instrument. The
general ~truetural arrangement o~ this invention, allow~ navigation
plotting without the need ~or calculations or ~or the use of other
instruments.
The "basic" multi-purpose navigation plotter of the present
invention allow~ simpli~iad nAvigation plotting, having only one
movable c~mponent. Th~ required navigation operations is p~rformQd
in one continuous process.
The conversion for a particular heading fr~m "true" to nmagnetic" ~o
"compas~ corrected" values are obtained through the relationship of
the fixed and rotational protractors of the rotably disk and square
"base". "Magnetic variation" data is obtained from charts whereas
the "compas~ correction" information is ob~ained from data marked on
the added "compass correction platen. ~his arrangement eliminates
the need ~or arithmetic calculations, compas~ rose~, compass
correction tables and the assortments of manual navigation
inst~uments.
By adding the air/marine "projection plate" the geographical
distance of two Polnts and the coordinates of ~ geographical
position can be measured. The interchangeable 'lair/marine
projection plate" display~ Latitude and Longitude scales which
represent the local geographical area. It is replaced for each new
location the craft is intended to navigate. The set of dividers,
the Latitude and Longitude ~cales and the folding of charts to
access the Latitude and Longitude scales are ~o longer required.
The '7compass correction plate" and the air/mari~e 'lprojection plate~
are affixed into the square recsss on the underside of the plotter
n base".
The interchangeability o~ the components customiz~s the plotter to
the Skipp~-r~ name, color preferenca, and to the vessel's
char~cteristic8, compas~ correction table, reyistration number and
home port~
With the detachability feature of this plottar, tha optional
"extension ruler/hairli~e" and the "leeway/dr-ft vector"
attachment~ are individually and separately locked-on on the special
~astener by a ~lide-lock which allows each attac~ment to freely
rotate and locked ~hen nee~ed.
With the "extension ruler/hairline" attachment, navigation
operations which re~uire ~reater length than the "base's" square
sides can be made and also when the use of a movable hairline
in~tead of a visu~l reference is preferred for readi~g angul~r units
across a plurality of protractors.
Navigation operations to he accurate must also include dri~t
correction caused by; wind, leeway and current through the water.
The drif~ correction must be repeatedly calculated for each change
of course the craft is undertaking, a process seldom practiced by
navigators. With the "leeway~drift vector" attachment, a "function
to color" matching system i~ incorporated allowing rapid plotting of
any vector such as; the course to steer/speed to use, the cour~e to
make good/speed made good, the ~ourse steered/speed through the
water, the course made good/ speed made good, and th~ set/dri~t
with the ~a~tors of; wind, leeway and current through the ~ater
having been accaunted for.
The multi-purpose naviga~ion plotter of the present invention
eliminates the use and practice of parallel-rule, dividers,
triangles, arithmetic and geometrical calculations, compass roses,
compass correction tables, Latituda an~ longitude scales,
navigation table and the unfolding and folding of navigation charts.
The only additional tool n~eded with this plotter is a 0,5 mm lead
pencil.
-"In drawings whlch illu~trate embodiments of the invention.
Figure 1 is a top plan view of the navigation plotter accQrding to
the invention.
Figure 2 Is a plan view of a third in~icator ~ber of the
~avigation plotter accordi~g to the lnvention.
~igure 3 i8 a plan view of a four~h indicator member of the
navigation plotter according ~o the invention.
Figure 4 is a cros~ sectional view of the fifth indicator member of
the na~i~ation plotter according to the invention.
Figure 5- I~ a top plan view of the optional sixth indicator member,
the ~extension ruler/ ~airline", version ~ne oi the navigation
plot~er aceording to the invention.
Figure 6- Is a cross æectional view of the locki~g device o~ the
~ptional si~th lndicator member, the "extension ruler~ hairlinen,
version one and version two, and of the seventh indicator member o~
the navigation plotter according to the invention.
Figure 7- I~ a top plan view of the optional sixth indicator mamber,
the "extension ruler/ hairline", version two of the navigation
plotter acoording to the invention.
,,.," ~
Figure 8- Is a crsss sectional end YieW of ~he optio~al ~ixth
indicator me~ber version two o~ FigurA 7 o~ the navig~tion plotter
according to the invention.
Figure 9- Is a plan view of the optional seventh indicator ~em~r,
the "leeway/drift vector" attachment showing t~a locklng slide and
slot on member 76. of th~ navigation plotter according to the
invention.
Figure 10- Is a plan view of the optional seventh indicator member,
the "leeway/drift vector" attachment. For clarity pUrpQs2 the
locking device, part of member 76 is not shown on the navigation
plotter according to the invention.
For clari~ication purposes, some details on plotter 10 are omitted
in the accompanying drawings.
The assembled plotter 10, Fig.l, of the present invention comprises;
a first indicator member 12; a visually clear and unobstructed
flexible or ~emi rigid, hard surfaced base; comprising multiple
8~raight ed~es, only four aide shown, beveled on top 9. The
underside surface having a s~uare recess allowing snug fit~ing to a
duality of plates, the plotter's square base further comprising
four registration holss 41,42,43,44, rep~esentin~ the zero mark for
each LatitudeJlongitude scales 45,46,47,48, for every
interchangeable calibrated La~itude~lon~itude projection plates 18
fig 3. A large aperture hole 56 in the geometrical center of the
plotter ba~e lZ, is u~ed as a receptacle for the large diameter
eyelet/fastner 22. A duality of 360-degree protractors 25,26, are
impri~ted unto the base 12, in cooperative relationship with the
ro~ably magnetic protractor di~c 14, secured thereon. The first
duality of protractor 25, a non circular one, imprinted on the
underside peri~hery o~ the four strai~ht edges 9, having angular
markings numbered clockwise every 5-degrees~ The four cardinal
points extended inwardly 21. A course line representing magnetic
north 21, is impxinted upon the base and passes ~hrough the center
24 of the ba~e 12, the centxal section of the line is not shown.
The north line 21 being designated by the capital letter N., which
also divides the wor~s true, in more than one langua~e, it's center
bein~ coaxially aligned with the center of the plotter's square base
12. The second duality of 360-de~ree protractors 26 is imprinted on
the top8ide surface, it's diameter proportioned smaller than the
distance between the most closely
adjacent ones of the callbrated pro~ection La*itud~/longi~ude ~c~
45,46,47,48. The angular markings b0ing numbered clockwi~e every 5-
~egree~ The four cardinal polnt~ 21 ext~nding outwardly, and I~'~
north line merging with the one of the first duality of protractor~
25, which ~lso separates the word true, inscribed in more than one
language. The center of circular protractor 24 being coaxially
aligned to the axis of the plotter base 12.
The only movable part of the present basic invention is the second
indicator member l~ the transparent magnetic protractor disc which
is rotably affixed onto the gaom~trical center 24 of the base 12
and having clockwisa an~ular markings num~ered every 5-degrees
imprinte~ ~n the insids o~ the disc's 14 periphery thereon, and
designated as magnetic course ~nd compass course, in more than one
language. Tha diameter of the rotably magne~ic protractor dlsc 14
being proportioned slightly larger than the diameter of the second
duality of protractors 26, imprinted on the fir~t in~icator member
12.
A large aperture hole 56, in the geometrical center i~ used as a
r~ceptacle ior the large diameter eyel0t/fastner 22. The rotably
magnetic pro~ractor disc being coated to preven~ eventual rotational
streaks.
The second indic~tor member 14, having ~urther an arcuate zero-
center correction scale 27, ~ocated at ths ls~er central periphery,
includes a~ east-variation scale 29 extending rightwardly from the
zero-mark 52, to the 50-d~gree mark and a we~t-variation ~cale 30,
extending leftwardly from the zero-mark 52, to the 50-~egree mark (0
to 30-dQgr~e sho~n). Directlon of rotation indicators are
in~cribed in cooperative relationship with the rotably magnetic
protractor di~c, whereby thc zero-center c~rrection scale 52, can
be u~ed to m~nually correct for e~fect~ of magnetic ~ariation,
compass deviation and dri~t correction, they are marked accordingly
in more than one language.
The second indicator ~ember 14, having it's di~meter proportion~d i~
a manner allowing the overlappin0 o~ it~ angular gra~uation~ ~2,
over those of the second plurality o~ pr~tractor~ 26 imprinted on
the first indicator member 12. This overlapping creates a visual
effect when t~e rotably magnetic protractor disc 14 i9 rotated.
This vi~ual effect called Moire, i8 incorporated in the plotter 10
and occurs when the equispaced parallel angular lines of the
rotably magnetic protractor disc 15 are superimpos~d and rotated
over the fixed circular protractor ~6 imprinted on the first
indicator member 12, "beat" frin~es or "weave" action appear by
the gradual darkening and lighteni~g of the space ~etween the
angular line marking~ This feature allows hairline alignment of the
angular graduations of both prot~actors 15,26.
The third indicator me~ber of the present invention fig ~, the
compass deYiation plate 16, i8 used for marking and displaying
compa~s correction values corre~ponding to various courses
particular t~ each ve~sel. Thi~ arrangement features a new system
for recording and displayi~g the compass correction tables. The
third indicator member 16, i~ then semi-PermanentlY affixed unto the
square recess on the underside of the irst indicator member 12
with double sided clear a~hesive ta~e. The co~pass deviat~on plate
lnclude~ a longitudinal area ~0, reces~ ~rom it~ fo~r si~es 9, in a
manner allowing this area to be a~jaeent to the fir~t plurality of
protractors 25 on the plotter's s~uare base 12. The compass
deviati~n values are marked in the allocated area 32, with permanent
ink at increments o~ 15-degrees
Th~e 15~degree markings further indicate Easterly or Westerly
rotation 33,30, in cooperative relationship with the rotably
maynetic protractor di~c 14. The alloca~ed area is furthor
identlfied by E.DE~.+ and - W.DEV. on either side of the north-
south line at the 360~degree mark an~ at the 180-degree mark of the
tr~nsparent plotter's ~quare ba~e 12.
The third lndicator member 16, of th~ pr~sent i~v~nti~ 10 furth~r
provides an alloca~ed area ~or marklng, with a ~ermanent ink
marker, the name 34 and registration number 35 of the sailing cra~t
or pl ane.
The fourth indicator me~ber 1~ ~ig 3, of the present invention 10,
~eatures a new sy~tem for mea~uring a geographical position and
distance on a chart, through the use of interchangeabls calibrated
Latitude/longitude scale plates which appropriately represents the
~ailing chart to b~ used and which is identi~ied by the chart's
project$on scale 53, e.g, 1:639,400 at Latitude 29-degrees north.
Imprinted alorlg the inside periphery are; 3 Latitude scales
45,46,47, l lon~itude scale 4~ and a plurality of hor~zontal and
vertical grid lines 17,19, ~hich are parallel to the North-South and
ths East-Weæt dlrection of the chart's grid lines. T~e grid lines
on the ~ourth indicator m~mber 18, also represent calibr~ted
d~stance lines which are mea~ured at th~ chart~s pro~ected parallel
o~ Latitude. They are also used to align the plotter to either the
parallel o~ Latitude or the meridian of longitude on the chart.
These grid lines 17,19, are interrupted by a clear circumferential
area 55, occupied by the ~ngular markings of the second duality of
protractors 26, on the plotter' 8 square base 12 and ~he rotably
magnetic ~rotractor di~c 14. The ~ourth indicator mem~er l~, is
attached through its g~ometrical center hole 56, by the
ma~nifier/eyelet/snap-fa~tenQr ~Z and snugly ~itted unto tha
u~eræide rece~s of the plotter's square base 12. Thiæ new ~ystem
~or measuring distance an~ ~eo~raphical position on a chart,
through the use of intarchangeable calibrated Latitude/longitude
~cale plate~ lB, precludes the us~ o~ navigatlon tools and the
Latitude and longitude s~al~. Considerable time and e~fort is thus
saved slnce the need to un~old the chart to access the Latitude and
longitude scale~ imprlnted on the chart sides, is no longer
re~uired.
,
The present invention pro~ide3 a fi~th lndicator member ~lg 4, a
multi-purpos2 ~astening device 22, made of optically clear pla~tic,
allowing guicX removal and reassembly of its cQmpsnents.
This fastening device or magnifier/eyelet/snap-fastener, comprises;
a large magnifying lens 23 which ~acilitates the positioning of the
plotter upon the chart. This magnifying lens 23 is perforated ~y a
hole 24 which facilitates the fine positioniny of the plotter upon
the point of departure on the chart and which allows the tip of a
0,5mm lead pencil to be passed trough. The magnifier/eyelet/snap-
fa~tener 22, having a diameter relatively large provides the proper
friction and drag, to ~he rotably magnetic protractor disc 14 from
turning freely relative to the plotter's s~uare base 12. Thi~
inno~vative approach to simultaneously fastening all components
together and preventing free rotation of the rotably magnetic
protractor disc by the ma~ni~ier/eyelet/snap-fastener, precludes
the need of an a~xiliary f~stening device~ as i~ presently used on
some plotters.
The sixth indicator member ~ig. 5,7, includes an exten~ion
rulerthairline, ver~ion 1, fig.5, for drawing ~ cour~e line and ~or
laying off a course line in a speciiic direction, to t~ice the
length of the base's ~traight edges. Said ruler~hairl1ne is
optional becau~e navigation plotting can be done iust as well
without it. The ~xtension ruler~hairline cros~es a pluralit~ o~
scales precludin~ the mental re~ention of an int~rsecting line
ac~oss a plurality of ~cales. If the use of said extsnsion
ruler/hairline i8 pre~erred for plotting operation, it can easily be
installed by adapting it on the magnifier/eyslet/snap-fastener 22,
and held i~ place by a slide brake 54. In version 1 the magnifying
len~ 50, is incorporated and located at where the hairline 37, and
the plurzlity o~ scales 25,26,15, on the plotter are intersected.
The edge 49, of the extension ruler 20, can be graduated 87, in
centimeter and inche~ or any other measuring option, and can be
used ~or plotting or for non plotting measurements.
In keeping with the concept o~ a ~ot~l fle~ plotter, th~
extension rul~ar/hairline version 2, fig,7,8, can b~ extende~ to
twice the length, or any length in between, o~ either one of the
plotter's 4 straight edges, 9. Once the course-line has been drawn,
tha extension ruler can be retracted and confined to ~he plotter
dimensions.
The seventh indicator member ~ig. 9,10, the "leeway/driit vector"
attachment 7, make~ possib~e through manual method and triangular
vector diagram, the plotting o~ any v~ctor such as; the course to
steer and speed to use, the course to make good and speed made
good, the course steered and speed through the water, the course
made good and speed made good, and the set and drift.
The triangular vector diagram consi~t of more than one vector drawn
to the same scale and reference, and in correct position relativa to
each other ~or plotting any combination of vector or vectors.
Said "leeway/drift vector~ attachment 7, comprises 5 individual
members Indicator member 1, course steered/set, and speed through
the water/ drift, 75. Indicator member 2; course made good/course
to make good, and speed made good, 76. Indicator member 3
set/cour~e to steer, and speed to u~e/dri~t, 78. Member 4; rstably
protractor disk: cour~e steered/ course to s~eer~set, 93. Member 5;
slider and the large diameter halrline ~astener, 91. Indicator
m~mbers 75 and 76, are coaxially centered and assembled to~ether by
a special ri~g (not shown), which i~ mounted and locked by the slide
brake 54 fig.5, on the fifth indicator member; the e~elet/ ~astener
22~ on the multi-purpose navigation plotter lU, of the present
invention.
All components oi the pr~sent invention comprise a fairly lar~e
aperture hole 56, all being equal in size and coaxially aligned with
the geometrical axis 24 of the base 12. ~he close fit of the large
aperture hole, o~ the second indicator member, thè rotary magnatic
protractor disc 14, with the large diameter o~ ~he
m~gni~ier/eyelet/~nap-~a~ten~r 2~, cr~ate~ ~he neces~ry fric~lon
and drag ~or preventing ~ree ro~ation of the rotably magneti~
protraGtor disc and precludes the use o~ an auxillary fastening
device.
Th~ following is a desoription and e~planation of the naYigational
use of the plotter by a ship.
In the illustrative operation the ~hip's sailing area is in the Sea
of Cortes, near Latitude 029-degre~ North and longit~de 112~degree
We~t.
The first navigatiQnal operation to be described will be that o~
determining the ~hip's "cnrrected compass" course, for the æhip to
be steered, in course~ from a point of departure A, toward the
desired destination B, the factors of variation and deviation ~aing
accsunted for in the correction.
Accordingly, a cour~e line A-B is to be drawn, using one of the
straight edges 9, interconnecting the ~oints o~ departure A and
destination B on the chart~
The optlonal exten6ion ruler~hairline 20, Figure 5 and 7, is not
required at this ~ime ~ince course~line h-B i~ within the len~th of
strai~ht edge 9
Re~erring to Figur~ 1, the naYigatOr first places plotter 1~ on
the chart, and attention i~ ~iven in the po~itionin~ of the central
aperture 24 9~ indicator member 12 sver the ~oint of departure A,
regardl~s~ of navigation plotter 10 alia,nment relativ~ to the
chart. Plotter 10 being transparent facilitates a rough positioning
while th~ fi~th i~dicator ~em~er; ~agnifier/ayelet/snap-fastener 22,
having a magnifying central portion 23 allows for a fine
positioning of the point of departur~ A. Introducing a 0,5 mm lead
pencil throu~h the central aperture 24 allow~ the pinning down of
the navigation plotter 10 to the point of departure A. While
hol~ing the pencil firmly perpendicular to the chart, plotter 10 is
rotated thr~ugh it's center until eit~r ons G~ th~ ~our ~rai~ht
edges 9, or the north-~outh ~rid lin~s 17, or the e~3~-we~t grid
lines l9 on the fourth ln~icator mem~er 1~ lgree~) ~i~ure 3, whi~h
is the ~IprojectioR scale plate", i8 align~d with the parallel of
Latitude lines, east-west, or meridian of longitude lines, north-
south, on the chart.
Next, the cour~e reading or true bearing for the intended cour~e is
determined ~y reading the intersection point 66, of the intended
course-line A-B, on the straight protractor 25 ~black) or the
circular protractor 26 (red) on member 12.
Once the true bearin~ has been established, which for illustrative
operation is 68-degrees, the navigation plotter 10 can ~e p$cked-
up and the subsequ~nk ~perations are done without t~e need of
holding i* steady on the chart.
Next, the local magnetic variation corrQction is to be applied, a~
now explained. Firstly, the variation corractio~ is noted a~
printed on the compass rose on the chart, which is seen ~o ba 12-
degree~ 22-~inutes East, for 1980, rounded o~f to 12-degree, while
the annual change is 5-minutes West.
Secondly, mem~es 14 ~red~, which is the magnetic rotably
protractor disc, is rotated in a clockwise direction as indicated
by arrows 29, in an aasterly direction, until the an~ular markings
27 of 12-degree, lines up with the north-sou~h lîne 28 on the lower
s~ction 66 A, o~ the fir~t indicat~r me~ber 12.
Thirdly, the annual varia~ion change being 5-~inute~ West since
1980, a~ds up to 50-minutes for 19~0, rounded-off ~o l-degree WPst.
Member 14 (red) is now rotated in a counterclockwise direction a~
indicated by arrow 30, ~or a westerly direction of l-degree, thu~
resulting in a magnetic variation o~ degrees East, 6SA.
T~e visual e~ect called Moire ~2, in~orporated in the p}ot~er
~llow8 hairli~e accuracy of angular line alignment o~ both
protractor scalP~ 26 (blac~) and 15 ~red). A ~ractional rotation of
the ~econd indicator member 14, as ~een on ~cale 15, will create
"beat" ~ringes or "weave" action ~y the gradual darkening and
....
lightenin~ o~ ~he space b~tw~en ~he angular line maxkings o~ ~cal~s
26 ~nd 15. No shadlng thereYore meaning hairllne allgnment o~
angular lines.
Member 14 has ~een now eorrected for magnetic vari~tion,
accordingly, simultaneous interconversions is done visually since
the true angular scale 26 is opposite the magnetic angular scale 15.
The true cour~e heading of cour~e line ~-B ~ei~g 68-degrees, is
located on scale 26 and carrying across to the magnetic scale 15,
yielding 57-degree magnetic, 66.
Fourthly, compass correctlon must be applied to the magnetic
course. To do this atte~tion should be yiven to the compass
correction plate 16 (blue) Fi~ure 2. The k~own compass d~viation
32, as give~ by a compass ad~ustor, was previously marked with a
fine tipped permanent ink marker, at every 15-degrees markings 31,
and should ~e done each time ~he compass is adju~ted. Once the
compass correction data has been entered on memb~r 16 (blue); the
compass deviation plate is then fastened in recess 13 under member
12, by means of preYiously attached double sided adhesive tape 40
and th~nce become~ a~ inte~ral part o~ navigat$on plotter 10.
Accordingly, compass deviation value in area 32, corresponding to
57-degree magnetic is found by interronverting the 57-degree mark of
scale 15, to scale 26 ana to soale 25, yielding 2 degree and
since the interval marking~ 31 ~how a right ~o left indicating
arrow and furt~r de~cribed as - W. DEV. member 14 ~ust be rotated
in a counter clockwise 30 direction, for 2-degrees 27, aligning it
66 at the north-south hairllne 28. Thus reading on scale 15 across
from th~ 68-de~ree true heading on ~cales 25 and 26, yields 59-
degree "correcte~ compass" course, 66.
Now that membar 14 has been set for the "corrected cQmpass~
course, this setting can remain on the plott~r so long as the chart
in question i~ used. There is no need to constantly r~-calcul~te
the variation every time there is a chan~e in the vessel's course
heading, o~ly the compa~ deviation may need to be re-applied.
There is no tlghtening knob or screw to fasten the magnetic rotably
lc~
protractor disc, member 14. Furthermore, there i~ no need ~or
cumbersome long ~rms to pro~rude and easily knocked ou$ of
po~ltion~
The extension ruler/hairl~ne; the ~ixth indicator member 20 Fig~re
5 and 7, is introduced at this time to permit a reciprocal bearing
to be taken for the illustrativ~ operation above. It is an optional
member ~ince all navigation operations can be done as well without
it. 5ince there is no need ~or drawing a course-line or for laying
o~f a coursa-line longer than the langth of the base's straight
ed~e~ 9~ For those who prefer a ~olid reference line across the
plurality of scales, 26, 25 and 15, in~tead of a mental
visualization o~ it, the extension ruler/hairline version 1 or
ver~ion ~ can be u~ed. Ver~ion 1 Figure ~, i8 used ~or the abov~
operation. It is de~cribed aæ follow.
Pu~hing ~ e 54 alonq tracks 54B toward the center aperture 56 of
member 20, spread~ gap 54A allowing elbow 39 to be engaged on top of
magnifier/eyelet/s~ap-iastener 2Z. Slide 54 is n~w moved back
allowing the exten~ion ruler to r~tated. The straight edg~ 36
intersects the 68-degre~s true the original course heading, on scale
and where ~air-line 37 on the built-in magnif~ing len~e 50
inter~ects scale 26 and 59-degree compass cou~se on ~cale 15. It i6
then locked in place by pu~hing the slide brake 54 further away from
tha canter aperture 56. Acco~dingly, the reclprocal hair line 38
intersects the 239-degree mark on scale 15, for a reciprocal
"corrected compass" course heading a~d intersects a~ well the 248-
de~ree6 mark on scale 26, for a rec~procal ~rue bearing. Graduati~n
87 on edge 49 are in centimeters starting at the geometrical center
56. Another feature incorporated on member 20 is an eraæable area
11, for writing pertinent notes with a lead pencil.
The exten~ion ruler/hairline, the e~tendable version 2; member
20a Figure 7, can be used ln~tea~ of ver~ion 1. It can he retracted
and no protruding arm to deal with. It is engaged on eyelet ~2
with slide 54 pu~hed t~ward the center a~erture 56 clearing elbo~
39. It is then rotated and alig~ed to the couxs~ line and locked hy
pu~hing slide 54 fur~her away from center 56. The sliaing p~rt 82
is pulled out over tracks 83 and 86 until it reaches the limit stop
84, or any length in between, against shoulder 85. Hairline/edge
36 may be graduate~ in centimeters, with the zero mark at the end
of the ruler, whereas graduation 87 on the opposite edge 49, has
its zero mark at the geometrical center of aperture 56. Graduations
on member 20 is illustrative and not limited to centimeters, other
measurement applications can be used.
The second navigational operatiQn to be desoribed wil~ be that of
datermining the distance, without the use of the traditional
dividers and without the use o~ the Latitude scales imprinted sn the
right and left ~ordars of the chart. Thls is accomplished by the
introduction o~ an innovativ~ new system which uses cali~rated
projection plate~ 18 (green) Figure 3, which will be available and
sold in ~he same manner a~ are curre~t, air and marine charts,
Each calibrated projection plate 18 when not needed, is stored in
its own storage envelope and i~ ~lued with the ~elf-adhesive backing
to its particular chart below the chart's name and project~on
number.
Due to the general arrangement of a multi-structural nature, the
cal~brated projection plates 18 can be easily removed and replaced
as required in the follow.ing ~anner; lifting one side of the
plotter with the left ha~d while the opposite side of the plotter
re~ts on a flat surface. Pressure is applied with the right index
fin~er on lens 23, until magnifier/eyelet/snap-fa~tener 22 bottom
section 22A comes apart. The projection plate 18 ls then removed
and replaced with the appropriate ~ne, identi$ied by the imprinted
parallel of Latitude 53.
1~
~n the illustrative operation the ship's ~ailin~ ~rea is in the
Sea of Cortes, near Latitude Z9-degree North and longitude 112-
degree West a~d the distance to be measured i~ from the point o~
departura A toward the desired destinatlon B on the chart.
The navigator must first chose one of the three calibrated Latitude
scales, 45, 46 and 47, on tha fourth indicator member 18. Each
calibrated scale representing one degree and is divided in 60
minutes. Each minute representing one marlne mile (U.S. chart is
used). The 29-degree Latitude scale 46 is chosen and is placed
over and aligned with the intended course line A-B. ~ole 42, the
zero mark for scale 46, is moved over the point of departure A and
pined down by the insertion of the 0,5 mm lead pencil onto the
chart. The intersection of the destination point B wit~ the
graduation on scal~ 46, represen~s the distance in what ever
measuring system the chart is using. In the illustrative operation
th~ measured distance is 49.5 marine miles. There i8 ns need for
unfoldin~ the chart to access the Latitude scales and there is no
need ~or any of the many distance scal~s used for air and marine
charts of different pro~ections and of different m asurement
systems, which are usually cluttered on other types of plottsrs..
The third navigational operation to be de~cribed will ba that of
determinin~ the position of the ship' 8 destination point B on the
chart. Thi~ operation i8 done ~ithout the use of the dividers or
the Latituda and longitude scal~ imprinted on the ~orders of the
marine chart, thus makin~ unfolding of ~he chart unnecessary.
Mea~uring the coordinates o~ destina~ion point B is ~one by using
the ~alibrated projection plate, member 18 ~green3 Figure 3.
Vis~al observation of de~tina~ion point B, will indicate which
parallel of Latitude and which meridian of longitude are closest
to point B. I~ our illustrative operation, destination point 8 iæ
closest to the 29-degree parallel o~ Latitude north and the 112.0-
degrees meridian of longitude We~t.
In order to find the Latitude of destination point B, the navigator
place~ the 29-degree Latitude scale 46 o~ member 18 with th~ z~
mark 42 aligned with the 29-degree parallel of L~titude line on
the chart. ~he inter~ection of the point of destination B with the
graduation mark of the Latitude ~cale 46 on member 18, is directly
read in minu~es of Latitude. In the illustrative operation the
Latitude is ~9-degrea 14.5 minutes North.
In order to ~ind the longitude o~ destination point B, the
navigator selects the longitude scale 48 on member 18, and the zero
mark 41 is aligned with the 112-degree meridian of longitude line
on the chart. The intersection of the point of destination B on the
chart with the gradu~tion mark of the longitude scale 48 is directly
read, from right to left, in minutes of lon~itudes. In the
illustrative operation, the longitude is 11~-degrea 1.0 minutes
West.
The fourth navigational operation to be described will be that of
determining 1- the course made ~ood and ~peed made good, and 2-
the cvurse t~ steer and speed to use, ~or headings from the point
of departure A toward th~ desired destination B. The factors oi
the combined elements such as; se~, dri~t and leeway, are expressed
a~ current. ~o other navigation tools are requires except for the
optional indicator m~mbe~ 7; the "leeway/drift vector~ attachment.
Referring to ~igure 9, member 91; the ~l~der, is moveable over
indicator member 75. Indi~ator m~mber 93; the rotably protractor
is affi~ed to the geometrical c~nter of slider 31, whil~ indicator
member 78 i8 a~ixed to the rotably protractor 93 and
sl~d~r/hairline 91, throu~h its zero mark by the large diameter
~airline/~astener 92. Indlcator member 75; course steered 58, has
a longitudinal center direction line 60 graduated in centimeters 67
imprinted thereto. Graduation starting at ~ centimeters for a
length of ~0 centimeter~, repre~enting speed through water 59 in
marine miles.
Indlcator meldber 76; course made good 6~, has a longitudinal
centsr direction lins ~8, graduated in centimeters, 70, imprinted
thereto. ~adu~tion starting at 2 centimeter~ f~r a length o~ 20
centimeters and representing speed made good, 63. 1ndicator member
78; the eet 65 and drift 7~, has a longitu~inal center dlrectio~
line 64, graduated in çentimeter~ 69 imprinted thereto. Graduation
starting at 1 centimeter, ~or a length of ~0 centimeters,
r~presenting drift.
The following description will allow the navigator to engages thP
seventh indicator member; the "leeway/drift vector" attac~ent 7,
on magni~ier~eyelet/snap-fastener 22 by pushing slide 54 toward the
center 5~ clearing elbow 39 and then pushin~ it back for free
rotation. To lock, sli~e 5~ i~ moved further away from the center
aperture 56. Since each indicator member has a duality of
functions, attention should b~ given to the color imprint, green and
red, of the ~unctional n~mes an each indicator member, and should be
matched for the subsequent operation.
In the first illu~trative exam~1e, the ship has been ~ollowing a
course o~ 80-~egree at a speed o~ 10 knots, the current having a set
of 140-degree ~nd a drift of 2 knots. Required are: 1- the course
made good and 2- the speed made good. The color ~cheme is green
~d 18 matched throu~hout this operation. ~em~er 7S; course steer~d
5~ (green), ls rota~ed and its longitudinal center li~e 60 is
ali~nQd over the 80-de~ree mark 6~ of scale 26 on plotter 10. The
sp~ed of the vessel being 10 knots, me~ber 91; ~he slider/hairline,
is mov~d so that hairli~ 94 coincîde with the 10 graduation mark
67 on member 75, representin~ ~peed through the water 5~, of the
ve~sel. Mem~er 93, ~he rotably protrac~ar disk, is rotated to
coincide with the 80-degree mark, the ~hip's steering course 66,
and center line 60 on member 75. The set, current direction, b2ing
140-de~ree, member 78; tne set 65 lgreen), is rotated to the 1~0-
degree mark 66B, on thQ rotably protractor disc 93. The course
made yood, is found by aliyning member 76; c~nter line 68 to the 2
mark 66D on member 78, representin~ dri~t, 72. Center lîne 68 o~
member 76, intersects the 89-degree mark 66C, the course made
good, on scale 26 on plo~er lO, The cen~r lin~ 64 on memb~r
78, i~ lnters~cted by ce~ter line 68 o~ member 76 a the 2 knot
graduatsd mark 69. The speed made good 66D i~ reaa of~ ~he
gradu~ted center line 68 on member 76 which is 11.4 knots.
In the second illustrative example, the captain of a ship wants to
make good a course o~ 45-degree at a speed of 10 knots, the set
beiny llO-degree and drift being 3.5 knots. Reguired are; l-th2
course to steer and, 2- the ~peed to use. The color scheme is red
and is matched throughout this operation Figure 10. The course made
good beiny 45-degr~e, member 76; course to make good 71 (red),
center line ~8 is aligned ~n the 45-degree mark 66 on ~cale 26 and
on plotter 10. The ~et, current direction, being l~0-degree
member 75; set 77 (red~, center line 60 i~3 lined up tc> the 11~-
degree ~nark 66A on scale 25 and 26 Oll plotter 10. The dri~t,
current speed, being 3.5 knots member 91; slider/hairline is mo~ed
80 that hairline g4 is lined up ~o the 3.5 kno~ mark 66B on member
75. Mem~er 93; the ro~ably protractor disk, is rotated to
coinci~e with the llO-degree mark 66A, the set of the current, and
center line 60 on member 75. The speed ma~e good b~ing lO X~ots,
member 78; course to steer 73 (red) is ~ow rotated, ali~ning its
ce~ter line 64 at the graduation mark 10 66C, on member 76. The
course ~o steer 66D, is ~ead off at th~ i~tersection o~ center line
64, memb2r 78, ana the ~ngular marking 81 on membe~ 93; the rotably
protractor di~k, which is 23-de~ree, 66D.
The speed to use 66C, ls read o~f a~ the interæection of member 78
cen~er line 64 and the 10 knot gradua~ion mar~ on mem~er 76
yielding 9.2 ~knot~) 66C, on member 7~.
'~
