Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2 ~ 7 ~
PR~D~ FOR pREv3~r
CIDC~-ING OF A ~DLINC PROC!ESS
~e pres~n~ inven~ion ~oncern~ a proceduro for
5 prevent~ng cloggi~g in ~c~nnection with a handli~ pro-
ces~:, e~g. grinding, ~aiIlly of dry aellulo~:e o~ equiv-
~lent, in par~ r in ~he ma~ufacturing of paper or
e~Va~ent by the d~r p~oC:ess or in ~:o~neC~ion Wi~h
o~er further proce~:E;ing. Fur~er~ore the. inV6~tion
0 con~erns an adaiti~e for u~e mainly in Connec~:ion wit:h
a h~d~g proces~3~ e.~. g~indîng, of dry cellulose or
eg;uiv~lent to preven~ c:logging of the proces~i.
In ~c dYy pr'OC~C;33 0~ ElO,pe~ OL~ yLU--
duc~, the ~t:ru¢~ur~a of dry ¢ellulo e i~ d~ sintegra~Qd
15 an~ ellulo~e il: qround, wher~after ~he dry fibre
material i~i ¢onduc~ed t~rough a screen ;~nd/or a dru~ to
enter t:he paper c~r~g proce~:~;. C~ellulo~e ~ sually
suppli~d in ~e for~ o ~hee~, and the~e 6heRts 2re
sh~edded or ground, for in~ce in a ham~ner mill. ~n
20 conne~ion with the ~;h~edding ~nd gr:Ln~g o~ .sheets
the c~ellu3.ose particles ~end to cau~;e ~ g~ of ~h~
e; 1:he ~ellulose p~rticle~3 whicb~ are ~or~Led~ i~e.
dry and flu~ es ana ibre ~und}e~, presen~ poor
tra~elling charac~eri~ s. Moreover, $ibr~ and fi~re
bund:Les ~end t:o ~dhor~ to the pro~ess appara~us, e~.
~o ~ha h~m~er mill and to ~he wall6 0~ it8 hopper, ~o
screens, etc.
The object of ~he pre~nt ~nvention is to
. elim~nate the above-~ent~oned drawback. I~ 1~ a part~c-
ular ob~ec~ of the invention to present a no~el proce-
aure, and additi~e, for preventing clogg~ng o~ a d~y
cellulo~e handlin5 pro~e~, e.g. gr~n~ng ~he~eof.
Regarding the features which are characterist-
ic o~ ~che inven~ion, reference ~ made ~o t31e ~laim~
35 ~t~on.
The invention is based on th~ fa~t: no~iaea ln
research ~at ~he ~aYelling cha~acteri~tlc~: of dry and
2~3~70
flu~y ~ellulo~e fibres 2nd fibre ~undles or equivalent
c~n be substan~ially i~proved ~y adding Ln conjunc~ion
uith the resp~c~ive proCes~, tha~ .g. to th~ cel-
lulose ~hee~6r ~ibres or fi~r~ bundl~s, an ~n~istatic:
agen~.
An$is~afic agen~ can be added e.g. ~y spraying
it on the ma~e~ial to ~e ~reat2d, ~uch as e.g. ~n c~1-
lulo~:e ~he~ts, fi~res, ~i~re bundl~s, ~d/or on ~e
process eq~ipP~e~, UC}l ~ a grinding apparatus ~nd/or
ot:her piec:es of procef~ uipmeTl~ in conju~c~ion wi~h
the grinding appar~t~s, ~u~ a6 the supply hopper, etc.
The anti6~a~i~ agent i~ uid or gaseous, and
i~ contains a~Y~n~ageou~ly, in addition ~o an anti~at-
~c ~Pmi~al, as carrier subs~ance ~. water, propor-
~ion of anti~tic chemical e~g. ~ tc 20~, ~ui~able 4to 16%. T~e anti~tati~ agent may furthermore contain
e.g. ethanol (possibly qen~Nred~ or another al~ohol,
e~g. 2 to 4Q%, adv2~geo~ly 5 ~o 30~. Fuxthermore~
~he anti~tatic agent may oontain e.g. glycol, ~uc~ as
zo propylene glycol e,g~ 1 to 10~, ~dvan~ageou~ly 3 ~o 7~.
~he a~ tatic agent ~ay be anionic, c~tionic
or ~on-ionic. ~he following may ~ mentio~ed as ex~-
ples: poly3mlnes, quaternary ~itrogen co~pounds, ~l~yl
aimethyl-ben2ylammonium halides, e.g. chlorides.
All perc~n~ages ax~ ~xpressed a~ ~ by weigh~.
Thank~ ~o the inve~ion, and by i~ aid, it
h~ ~een poss~le to prevent mo~ efflciently the clog
ging of ~he cellulose grLndL~g process mainly in con-
neGtion w~h the grin~ing of dry cellulo~ or
equiv 1ent~ Obvio~sly, ~he an~i~tatic ag~nt ~emoves
fro~ the d~y cellulose parti~le~ the~ static ele~ric-
ity, ~ch appears ~o ~e the mos~ ~ignifican~ cause of
clogging. The addi~iYes, su~h as ethanol and g7y~ol,
impro~e the handllng propertie~ of the respec~iv~ addi-
~ive ~ndfor its ~n~i~clogg~g p~operties.
The procedure and/or additive of the inven~ion
is ~pplicable i~ connec~ion with handlin~ processes od
20340~
dry cellulos~ and other dry fibr~ mat~rial containing
ce~lulose, e.g. of wood fibres and lignoce~lulo~e
fi~res an t~e whole, ~or preverlting clogging of the
proc~ss and i~provin~ ~he handling ~haracteristics
an~or pa~sa~e properties of ~he fibre~.
Furthermore, the proc~dure and~cr dditive of
~he ~nVen~ion czn be used in co~nec~io~ wit~ ~n~ fi-
b ou~ erial handling proce~ uch as grlnding,
transporting, screeni~ or oth~r separa~ion, web-~orm-
ing ~rom dry fibres, handling and transport of a we~~or~ed of ~ry fibre~, e~c. ~he procedur~ i~ f~rther
applic~ble e.~. in connec~ion with ~he dry proce~s o~
paper or e~uivalen~ product~, a~ gas been desc~ibed in
the fore~oing, and or in connection wi~h the we~ pro-
cess of pape~ ~nd equ~valent products, e7g. whe~ ~rind-
ing dry cel~ulo~e to be ~u~pended ~o produce pnlp
slud~e ~ conYe~ional ~nner. A dry paper process in
~hich th~ procedure and additive are par~icu~arly ad-
va~ageous ~a~ for i~8tanae been described ~n the
axticle Paper Without Water, Pirine~, ~., New~ on Fin-.
nish ~chnology 2~90.
The ~nvention i~ described in the following
~n detall with ~he ai~ o~ cmbodimen~ exa~ples, wi~hau~
confining the inven~ion to the em~odiment exa~ple pre-
25 s~nted and/or to t:he ~ti~it~io age~t. ~entioned.
Fig.. 'L illustrates, by a schsmatic diagr~m,
th~ u~ of thl3 pro~dure and ~dditi~re in a dry process
for manufactur:Lng pap~r p~odu~s.
Example 1
- In a cellulose ~ill, t~e ~opper of the hammer
mill tended to become clogged fro~ time ko ~ime ~y
e~fec~ of dry cell~lose part~cles~ In~o t~e process,
ma;~ly into Gaid hopper, wa~ sprayed ~ntis~ia ~gen~
con~ining 8% polyamihe con~nsate and 10~ ethanol, ~he
re~k wa~er. Throu~ the in~luence of this antista~ic
agen~: alogging no lo~ger oacurred in ~he process~
Exa~ple 2
2~3407~
In Fiq. 1 is dapicted a . plant proce~s ~o~
paper manufacturing by t}le ~lry pro¢e6~. q!h~ cellulo:e
raw ma~;erial 1 is conducted into a hammer mill 2, where
~ c~llulc; se ~at:erial is disint~rated to ~ es . ~he
S ~ e~; are conducted onto a ~ire 3 With ~he ~id of ~
drum ~or~i~g ~ea~s 4, to c:onsti~ut~a a web 5. T~nere m~y
}:~e ~everal d~um former~ :L~ ~ucce~:sio~, e.g. ~wo of them
4,0,2, over the endle~:s Wi~e ~i~cula~ing ~upported by
rO116 6. ~0 the ~eb thus fo~med iY added honding age~
e.g. latex, by &pread~ng it with ~:he aid of 8p3~y
~os~ l~c 7~ n3~11~, ~c~ w~ ~t h;~e l~o~ ~or~c~a ic
o~rr~ed to a drying ~eo~ion 8, where the la~ex ~ond
the web to be~ome a paper-iike product, ~uch as paper
or c2rdboard, to be conducted on~o a reel g.
~he process d~picted in Fig~ 1 includes sp~ay
. nozzle~ lo and 11 for ~prayinS anti~t~ agen~ into
~he hammer ~ill/ and similarly into the drum former, in
order to prevent cloggLng o~ the hammer m~l~ a~a fonmer
and ~o i~pr~ve ~he ha~dling and pa58~ prop~rtie~ of
ao the fi~res~ When using the additivss mentioned in
E~ample l, the earlier clogging o~ ~he hz~mer ~ill
could be completely aY~ded in the process~
The proce-~s depic~ed ~n Fig. 1 ~ay fur~he~
~o~pr~e e~g. s~r~en or o~h~ s~parating mean~, dis-
~S po~ed e.~ ~e~ween the h~mmer mill and ~he forme~. Thefibre frac~ion passing throug~ the ~epara~n~ me~ns,
~e~ng the de~ired spe~f~c~t~on6, i6 then ~ndu~ed
~o ~he former, while ~he coar~er ~ibre ~raction m~y be
returned ~o the h~mmer ~ill. The ~re~n, ~nd~cated ~ith
~0 in~errupted lines, reference numeral lZ, may eguall~ be
pxovid~d with spray nozzles 10 or wl~ othe~ ~e2n~ ~or
ad~ing an~ist~tic ~gent to the process for pre~enting
clog~ mg of the fib~ous ~exi~ and for improving the
pa~sage proper~ies of the fibres.
I~ the process of Fig. 1 ~ne mag use, e.g~ in
the hammer ~ll 2, in the ~eparat~ng means .12, Ln the
drum for~ing means 4 or in ~on~unc~io~ with ~he web 15
2~34~70
~orme~l upon the wir~3 3, e.~ he ~tis~ ag~n~.de-
~cribsd in Exa~ple 3 cr ~arther ~elow in Example 3, in
order to prevent clogging of the proce~:s ~nd/or to ~-
proYe the handling propertiefi o~ ths fibrous materia7.
Ex2mple 3
Commer~ially av~ila~le anti~tatic agents:
~lk2ril ch~m; Cal5 In~. GAF: AlX3mul~ SM~ ~o~
bitan mo~ulaura~e), Alkaphos B6-5~A ~pho~phate e6ter)~
Al~aguat ~ (~uater~ary imidazole~, Alkaquat DAP~ (qua-
~ernary f?t~ acid), Al~a~ua~ ~B-ST (te~ryl-aime~hyl-
~enzylammo~lum chloride)~ Alkaqua~ O (qua~ern~ry ai-
olein imidazole), Alk~qu~ T (quaternary ImiaaZ018);
M~zer Chemical~, ~nc~; Alub~of~ SJ-~ax
(poly~mide~, Alubrasol API-5, Alubra~ol FE (ca~ionic
polyamide ~al~ ~iX)~ Alu~rasol NSL, Alubra601 OS, Alub-
r~ol WI~100~ Alu~raspi~ ~S-lO0 ~at~alcohol alXoxy-
la~e~, Alu~xaspin ~S lO0 ~fat/~lc:o~ol aIkoxylate) ~
Al~brasp~ 8A Çonq., ~T~ra~pin PF, Al~b~spin PNA,
~ Produ~ Corp.: A~tista~ E (~uaternary
~it~ogen ~ )und);
l~urel Products Cor~ ista~ 680 (quater-
nary ~morli7~m compound):
He~cal Co~ istatic Agent; 273 E (bis-~-
~ydroxy~thyls1~ amine), ~n~ist:atic Agent 273-C (bis-
2-hydroxy~ylcoc~e~;
A}czo, ~hemical Div.: A~mo~;t;a~ lOOV (~a'ce~
ammon~u~ sal~s), A~mos~a~ 310, 410 (t~3rtiary et:ho~ylat-
ed amine~, ~rmosta~ ~7S, 450, 475 ~I:e~i~ry ethoxylated
~m; ne), A~mos~ 550 (~ ry ethoxyla~ed amine~;
~yndal: Aston 01 (imidazoline);
~tort~ Chemical: A~;ton 123 (poly~mine~;
IC:I Amerlaa~; Inc.: A~mer 122, lZ5 (monoglycer-
id~), A~:mer 129 (monogl~c~rlde~, Atmer 163 ~monoglyc:er-
35 ides);
E.~ U Pon~ De ~amDl~S & CO.: Avi~ex PN (qua-
ternized hydroc~ on), Av~ex E lgua~errla~y ~monium
203~)7a
salt~, AVi~e~ NA (higher alk~lamine comp~ d), Avitex R
~higher al~lamir.e co~pound):
C~ap~ ~al City Products Co .: C~p~t (quaternary
lammoniumet;~yl~:ulP~at~) t
5Union Ca~ide C~orp. ~ owax~ l?EG Se~ies
(polye~hylene gl~col~;
Sa~doz Chenical~ orp .: Cerasline :EICA Granules
(am:ide complf~):
C~maX Inc.: C~emsta~ 1 22~60D~, 18~/671
10tbis (z-~yd~oxyethyl) al~la~ine~, ChPm-e~ta~ 122, 172
(3bi~(2-hyd~oxye~hyl)alkylamine), Che~ 182 (~ (2-
hydroxyethyl)al ~ lamlne), Chemstat 192 ~bis(2-h~dr~xy-
ethyl~alkylamine~;
Fine~ex Ino.: ~ordex W (amine de~iv~tive);
15~he C.P. ~ali Co.: CP~-37~N (polyoxyethylene
laur~te);
American ~y~namid ~o.: Cyastat~ IS ((3-laur-
a~idopropyl~rim~ylammonium methyl~ulp~te~, ~ya-
stat~ SP (~tearamidopropyldime~yl-B-hydxoxye~hylamm~-
20 niu~ihydrog~n ni~e) r ~ya8t~ 60g A~i~;tatiq Agent(N-N-~is~2-hydrox~ethyl)-~-53'~dodecyloxy-Z-hydroxy-
propyl~m~thylammonium methosulph~te~;
XenXel Corp.: ~acosp ~ ~S tary~phenol), ~aco-
sp~ P~:-146 (pho~pha~ized al~pha~i~ alaohol~, Dacospin
0~2 (qua~ernary ~midzzole 6~1ph~te), D~hy~ua~t E (~y-
drox~hexadecylcl7~ethylhydroxyethylammoniu~ c~lorid~);
Eas~ern Color & Ch~mi~al ~o~p.: Ec~osta~;
Wiltco Co~p.: E~col~ CC-9 ~polypropo~y-~ua~er-
nary a~monium ~h}~ride1, Emcol~ ~C-55 tpolypropo~y-~ua-
ternary a~moniUm acetate), Emp~o~ PS-220, PS-23~, PS-
~00 (oxgan~c pho~pha~e e~er~);
~zo, Chemic~l ~iv.: E~hoquad C12, C~B, ~1315
(gua~ernary ~o~ium ~alts);
~meric~n ~oechst ~orp.: Gen~min X~-F ~alkyl-
tximethylammonium o~loride);
The C.P. ~all Co.: ~allco ~ tat C-1047
(la~ra~e es~er), ~ailco~ C~70~5 (polyoxyethylen~ lau-
- 2~34~7~
ra~e);
Croda Inc.: Inc:romectant: A~. ~aaetamidopropyl-
trimon~ loxide), I~c:ro~:ol~t S-75 (i:midazolini~
me~;hosulpllate), Inorosoft S-90 (~idazoliIlium me~;hosul-
5 ph~e), :I:norosoft ~-90DI (imidazol~ni~ me~:hosulpha~e~,
osoft T-75 timidazoliniu~ methoslllp~a~e) O Incro-
so~ 0 ~7~idazo~ 7Tn me~ho~ulp~at~);
Crompton ~ }~nowales Corp. In~raso~
(c~a~ionic ~a~r acid conden~ation?;
~o ~ m ; ~ l n; t~ ~ ~eti en}~lack E~ oot~;
Iaporte Ina~: ~ap~nit~ X3~S (sy~thetic s~dium-
magne~ium sil~
~ zer ~h~lcsal# Inc.: Iaro~;ta~ 88 (soy di-
m~yle'chyl~moniu~ e~oæuiphate), I~roætat 1~3 ~oleyl-
et~lylet~ylammoni~ t~u~ , ~o~ t; 2G4A~ 2~i~(soy d~nethylethylammoni~ etho~ phate~ ,. ~o~a~ 2~4-
A ~ya:~Ous ~&oy dimet~ylq:~yl~monium ~ osulp~ate~,
ost~ 300 ~pot:~s~ium al3~;ylpho5pha~ 3tsr), ~ o-
300A ~a~kylp~osph~e e~ter~, ~o~ a~ 377 DPG;~0 (alkyldime~hyl~ylammo~um ~thosulp~a~e), Iaros~a~ 451
earyldimethyle~hylammoniu~ e~c)sul~hat:e):
Lipo ~cals }na.; I~pog;u~t: ~ ~S ~ater
n~zed a7kylamin~ e~qxylate), ~poqua1; R (~ er~ized
riGinolei~ic acid);
~5 M~zer Ch~ic:al~: Inc.: Maphos~ ~6E (phosphate
e~;tex), Maphos~ 7~ NA (salt/p~lo~phatic acid ester~ t
~Iaa~en'æ C-Z, C~-5, C-15 ~polyox~e~hylenQ ~occ:amine),
Mazee~ S-2, S-5 ~polyo~y~thylene-soy am;LAe), Mazeen~
~-2, ~-5, T-15 (~ t ~mlnes~, M~z~l~ GNO ~ ~glyc~rol
~onooleate~, Mazoline~ OA (f t imid2zole), Mazon JMR-l;
~ .~ichel & Co, rnc.: ~ic~el X0-24 (amine),
Mi~he~ X0-$5 (amine). Mich~l X0-108 (~i~e);
Miranol Inc.: ~lranol E~ter ~0 I~4 (oligomeric
polyes~er), M~ranol~ D~, D~ ~onc. 45~ (~onocarboxyl-
3~ stearine de~i~2ti~e, ~odiu~ ~a}t) t ~rapol~ A-15 (poly-
g~2~e~ary ammoniu~ cblor~de)/ ~ polX A~ polygua-
t~ary ~m~oniU~ chloxide), Mirapol~ ~ ~polycationic
2~3~7~
oopolymer), Mirapol~ 95 (polyczl~ioniC~ c:opolymer), ~ira-
pol:~ 175 (pnlycat.ionic copoly~er);
M~na Industries Inc.: Monafax 785, 786 ~phos
phate es~ar), ~o~tat 11~5
~yndal Inc~: Phosfac: 1001 ~o~ phosphats
e~l;er~ -, 3?hosfao 1044 FA, 1044 r 1001;, 1066~ 106ÇFA (o~~
~C p}lQsphate e~ter): .
~en~c~l ~ada ltd.: Polysauar~ polyam~Ile);
Akzo Che3~ic~1~; I)i~.., RD-~07~;
~0 Sandoæ ~hdcals ~orp.: Sandi~ hl~ (~ulphonatea
hyd~:ocar~on) ~ Sandi~ V~ tsulphona~ed hyd~oc~ on), San-
do~ex A am~ne),
Mazer ~he~cals 3nc~.: S l!~aZ~ ~!0 ~sorbi~an
monolaura~e~; .
1~ AC~ Inc:.: S~a~icide~;
~ ex~al Corp.~ at~ ~10~/~tistatic (Pi~;~2-
~ydroxy~:hyl) oc~:yl-met:hylam:mo~ium~aratolue~e s~lpho-
nate~, Agen~ 106~90~;
q~omah Produ~;: Tomah ~-14-2 ~ua~ernary
io amine), Tomah ~ 3-50% ~ua~:er~ary amine);
Union Car}:7ide Corp.; ~nio~ Carb~deæ ~ 9~67, 1
~794 (orgaTlo~illoonit:: co~pou~d);
Sherex Che~ic~l Co. I~.: ~ars~at K22, T2~
hydroxyethyl~lk3rla~ine), Yarstat: 10 (ethoxylated
2~ alcohol), Vaxs~t 55 (e~::hyl-bis-(po~yhydroxyethyl)-
al~yl2mmon~u~e~hylsulphates)7
E.I~ ~u ~ont De Nemour~ & Co.: Zelec N~, N~
(al~ohol pho~phat~s), Zelec TY ~alcohol phosp~ates~;
Tai~n Surf~ctant corp.~ Ablumine 230 ~-al-
ky~dime~hylammonil~ chloride)~ Al~u~i~e 280 (stearyl~dime~hyl~enzyl2m~onium ~hloride), Ak-~phat LP t~odiu~
sal~ of phosph~e ester~, Abluphat IæF, Læl, IFX ~ree
acid o~ pho~ph~e ester);
Cyanamid B.V.: Aero~ol C 61 (alkyla~ineguan~e
pol~oxye~hanol~:
~ oho ~hemi~al ~ndu~try Co. ~a . Anstex ~K-25
gpha~phate~
2034~7~
ICI: A~mer 122, 123, 126, 128, 1~9 ~g~ycerol
ester~, A~:mer 151 ~al}coxylated alcohol), A~;me.r 1454
(al:koxylat~d fat~y acld e~te~r). Atmer 160 (quaterniz~d
~mine e~ xyl~te~, At}iler 163 ~al3co~ylated fa~ ~ne~,
S Al:mer 172, Atmer lgO ~alkylsulphonate) 5
St~parl Europe: ~atigen~ C~ 30/70 (~ ;~eth-
ylammo~ium el:hoxysulphate), ~atigene~ ~T ~5 (a}kyl~h-
ylammo~ ~oxysulph~e), Catiqene~ S~ 30/70 ~al~1-
tri~et~ylammoni~1~ et~oxysulp~ate);
Sanyo Ch~mical ITlduBtri~ac ~d. s mis~t
3500, ~;~20, 5300, 63Q0~ erna~ non~um pol~er),
Croda Surfac~t6 h~d.: C~ithrol A (polyglycol
olea~
~ ulcra Sa: Crafol ~P-12 (oleate-5-phocphate),
15 Crafol AP-31, AP ~33, AP 3~ (pota~siu~ ~;alt of phos-
pha~e ester~ rafol AP-36 ~DEA calt of p~osphate es-
~e~), Crapol AU-31 (~uate~a~ry dialkylamidazole),
Crod~ Surfac:tants L~ do Cri}~ et; ~POE-~o~bi~n
e~:ters), Crodafo~ ~allsyletl2er pho~;phat~3s~, Crodamet
20 (POE amines~, Croduret tPOE-hydro~enated ~il);
Henk~l KG&A~ y~uart LT ~lauryltrimethyl-
ammonlum ~hloride~;
~ ao Corp.: ~ec A~, RA, ~ C, ~S2, TS-3, TS-
5, TS-~t Elec-2 ~etho~ylated ~at amine), Ele~t~ster
~5 EE-llO, 210, El~c~ma~ter S-52~r LL-10, PP-~O, 320:
Takemo~o Oil ~ Fat Co. ~d~: Elecut S-117;
Wi~ SA: Emcol CC 55, CC 5~ (polypropoxyla~d
~ua~ernary ~monium phosphat~):
Yosh~mura Oil Ch~mi~al Co. ~d.: Ereak PS-~Og
talkylamidepropyld~et~yl-Bohydroxye~hylammo~ium ni~
~ra~e):
Ak20 ~hemia~l~ BV: kthoquad C/12, 0/12 teth-
oxy7atea gua~ernary ammoniUm co~pound):
Pulcra SA; E~ilenox ~N S~ies (polyoxyethyl~he
alXylamine);
~ enkel-NOPCO S.A.S Ker~~ o r ~lkyl~vly
et~oxy es~er~ and e~hersj,
2~34070
BaSF A~;: Kerosta~ 5009 (:~1t~ o~ aminocar~
oxylic ac~
~arcro~; ChemiQls t~ I~ited: Lankrostat Ser-
i~;
I~on corp.: I~pomin I~ ~ala~e deri~tives~:
ICI h~ r~brol 17 A-17 ( fa~--alcohol e~o~
la~:e oxide condensat~
~enk~l~OPCO S ,. A .: Lu~ostat ~qSQ 3 0 . J~SW 8 8
(a~}?~lne)
Pul~ra SA: ~iox RQ--~O, KQ--22, ~Q--5~, KQ--53,
X~2--54 (e~hoxylated fa~ oxoalcohol~, ~lox KQ-55, R~-5fi,
~-70, :E~Q-80, K~-81 (~oxyiated ~a~ oxoalco~ol);
Nippon Oil & Fats Co. Ltd.: Nissan ca~lon S~
~o¢~adecyla~nine acetate), Ni~:san Elegan S-100, Nissan
l~i 2iew E}egan A. ASR, ~ ;an Elegan S-100;
Pulc:ra SA: Noiax A~-~3, ~R-4~ (polyethylene
f2tty aci~ ester);
C~ec~a SA: Noxa~iUm 5~/50 (a~oniUmS~aterna~y
deriva~ es of et;hoxylated ;3~i~es);
~Ie~3cel l~G&A: Polyquart ~I 81 ~pc~lyglycol-poly-
am:Ln~3 ~ondensate :~e g~); .
Aqua~ec Qu~m~c~ S/A: ~roplast: 05~ ~glycerol
es~er);
Hef~i Lt;d~ emical Products: P~;E-600 5poly-
eth~lene glyc:ol~, POE-1000 ~polye~hylene ~lycol~, PGE-
15W tpblyet~ylene ~lyco ~;
~arcros ~hemi~al5 ~R Lim~ted: ~uadrilan A~
(quaternary a~onium ~3alt)
Syrfina-Oleofina S .A.; ~adiamine 6~ 40 (pri~y
3 C amine~, Radiaqua~ (dialk~ me~yl-~uatern~ nnmonit~
chlor~de~ r Radiasur~ (este~s o~ fa~ acid5 8nd poly-
al~ohol, and eth~xyla~3d ~:orbitol e~:ers~:
Re~o C~hem;Lsche We;~k~ Rewoquat: CPEM (~-
methyl-N-(pentathoxy~ co~oammonium ~etho~ Lph~e);
Sanyo C:hemic~l IndU~;tries I,t~.: Sanstat ~01~-
A;
Servo ChP~7;sche Fabrie}c: S~rdox NSG 400 (ster-
2034070
11
y}pc: lyglyce~ol ester), Ser~ramine ~AC 412 ~N-gluco-
N,NrN-trime~hylammonium c~oride), Servoxyl ~PI S5
~phosphate ester~;
ao Corporation S.A~: Soluol OM ~<~uaternary
S ammonium ~alt);
~schi~ner & Sc~warz: Sul:~o~at ~ (a3nido-
al}~la~ne ~e~a~e);
I~2 PI,C; Synp~olam 35 DMBQC (C~ ~--C L~--alkyldi
methylbenzylammonium ahloride), Sy~prolam 3 5 MX 1 ,
}O 35 ~X 3, 35 ~[X 5 (Cl3--C ~--al~yl~et:hylpolyethoxyla~edamines), Synprolam 35 ~ lo, 35 MX 15, (~3-C~ alkyl-
~e~hylpolye~xyla~ed a~Lines~ r Synprolam 3S MX l~C
(C~ alkylmethylpolyethos~rlated ~ne$), Synprolam
35 N3X3, 35 N3X5, 3$ N3XlO (~ alkylmsthylpolyeth-
oxylated propanidamine~, .Synprolam 35 N3X1$ (~ C~
alJqrlme~ylpolye~ho~l a~ed propanida}nine), Synprol am
35 ~QS (C~-Ca~-all~ltrimethylammoniu~ ~e~ho~;ulphate),
35X 2, 35X 5, 35X10, 35X~5 (C~ al~lmethylpolyeth-
oxylat~3d amines), Sy~prolAm 35X lS QS, 35X 20QS, 3sx
~0 2~S, 3S SQS, 35X lO~S (C~3-Cl~-alkylmethylpolye~hoxy-
lated metbyl~on;Lum metho~ulpha~e compouhds);
Nippon Nyukazai So~ 3itd.: Te~l IL ~alkyl-
im1dazol~e 1~11r~e), Tex~ol SPT~
~he embodimerlt examples are only mea~ ~o
illustrate ~he .~n~entidn, wit;hotlt in any ~y res~r~
i~g i~.
