Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SCORING SYSTEI~q FO~ ILETIC EVENT~
This invention relates, in general, to the scoring of athletic contests and
relates, in particular, to a system for both improving the qualiLy of the
Sscoring of the event and enhancing the enjoyment thereof on the part of the
audience.
The invention will be illustrated and described in the context of the
sport of boxing, but it will also be noted that the principles hereof have
applicability to other sporting events, such as kick boxing, wrestling, etc.,
10wherein judges award points based upon the performance of the participants,
as contrasted to athletic events wherein points are awarded automatically
upon the achievement of certain objective goals, such as crossing a goal line.
Accordingly, while reference will be made throughout to boxing as the contest
being scored, for simplicity of explanation, the invention is by no means
intended to be so limited in its scope.
Applicant's earlier U.S. Patent 3,737,889 disclosed a method and ap-
paratus for scoring athletic events, such as boxing contests, wherein each
official was provided with an individual panel upon which performance points
were recordable. The points scored by each individual judge or official were
20then transmitted to a master console for cumulative progressive scoring of
the event during its progress. The collected points were then flashed on a
scoreboard, visible to the audience, so that they might be made progressively
aware of the standing of the contestants.
This was an improvement over the then existing prior art, wherein the
25three judges or two judges and a referee normally assigned to evaluate a
boxing match simply recorded their decisions manually at the end of each
round and the official scorecards were then totalled at the end of the event.
The obvious difficulty previous to Appiicant's earlier invention was that the
audience had no really accurate knowledge of the true standings of the
contestants until the contest ended.
Of course, in addition to being disadvantageous from the standpoint of
the audience, there were other difficulties, such as, for example, the fact thatthe judges could conceivably be, even unintentionally, influenced by crowd
reaction and crowd noise. That problem was also solved in the system dis-
35closed in U.S.~ Patent 3,737,889 by making provision for isolating the judges
from these possibly distracting or prejudicial influences.
In addition to simply enhancin~ the interest of spectators by malcing
them currently aware of the relative standing of the contestants as the bout
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progressed, this advance also added to the attraction of the event for those
who had wagered on the outcome.
While the system of the above-referred to patent was effective for the
purposes for which it was designed, it has been found that still further
improvements can be made to further enhance the quality of the judging and
the enjoyment of the audience.
Specifically, it is believed to be desirable to be able to monitor and
control the quali~ of the performance of the individual official or judge so
that it can be evaluated following the contest. It is, therefore, believed
desirable to provide some means by which the precise event which triggered
the award of points by the judge can be objectively reviewed and evaluated.
It is also well-known ~hat wagering of various types is often desired by
the audience observing contests of this type, and it is believed desirable to
provide visual means for evaluating the outcome of the fight, such as, for
example, following each individual round so as to enhance the wagering
environment.
It is also believed desirable in some circumstances to provide for a pari-
mutual betting arrangement so that, in addition to wagering on each round or
other segment of the contest, wagering can be conducted on the final
ultimate outcome and various other aspects of the contest.
It is, accordingly then, a principal object of this invention to provide a
computeri~ed system for obtaining a record of the scoring by each judge or
other official at the athletic event and to provide for a display of that
scoring to the audience as the contest progresses.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a system whereby a
visual record can be kept of the scoring by each judge or other official for
subsequent review to insure quality in the judging and scoring.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide means for re-
cording and perhaps printing the scoring results by judge.
It is still a further object of this invention to provide a system whereby
wagering can be conducted on a round-by-round basis as the contest pro-
gresses.
It is a still further object of this invention to provide a system to
facilitate pari-mutual betting on the ultimate outcome of the contest.
These and other objects of the invention will become more apparent
upon a reading of the following brief specification considered and interpreted
in view of the accompanying drawings.
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OF THE DR~WIN(~S:
FIGU~E 1 is a schematic view showin~s the ring and scoreboard arrange-
ment of the system.
S FIGURE 2 is a schematic view of the master control station operator
interface.
FIGURE 3 is a schematic view of the overall system.
FIGURE 4 is a schematic view of the system adapted for pari~mutual
betting.
Before describing the preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be
noted that, in essence, the drawings are schematic only and it is believed
apparent that a plurality of known electronic components will be employed in
the system. The specific design and structure of the known components has
not been illustrated herein since such is believed to be well within the skill
of one with ordinary skill in this art. It is believed that the combination of
elements into an overall system provides the inventive concept disclosed,
described and claimed herein.
In its broadest sense, what is illustrated is a computerized system for
scoring boxing contests. Referring to FIGURE 1 of the drawings, the system
is comprised of a scoreboard 10 located in view of the spectators, three
judging/scoring booths 11, 12 and 13 located on three sides of the ring 15
and the master control station 14 located on the fourth side of the ring. An
input/output board is provided at each station, as indicated by the numerals
11a, 12a, 13a and 14a.
The three judges sit in the booths 11, 12 and 13, which are preferably
soundproof, and may optionally wear headsets. Stereo music or white noise
may be fed into the headsets to further mask crowd noise and influence if
desired. Microphones (not shown) are disposed at each station and used to
communicate with the master control operator at station 14 should problems
with the system develop or if special instructions or questions are necessary.
The scoreboard` 10, which is positioned so as to be visible to the
audience, displays relevant information including scores for each contestant as
at 10a and 10b,~the round as at 10c and the elapsed time in the current
round as at 10d,
It ~is contemplated that the boxers will wear color-coded trunks, such
as, for example, red and gold, and that the judges will score the fight with
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momentary push-button switches that are color-coded to correspond to the
boxers' trunks. Exemplary push-button switches are shown in ~IGURE 3 at
11b with it being understood that the arrangement is typical and would be
duplicated for the other two judges. A gold switch held in one hand repre-
5 sents the boxer in gold trunks and a red switch in the other hand representsthe boxer in red trunlcs. A single push of the switch scores a point for that
boxer which represents a clean punch landed in a legal area of the opponent.
~ switch pushed twice represents an extremely hard blow to the opponent,
scoring two points for that boxer. Input from these switches is locked out
10 at the end of each round and enabled at the beginning of the next round,
although a slight delay of a few seconds may be provided at the end of the
round to perrn~t recording the final blows.
The points awarded by each judge are accumulated in the computer 20
by individual counters and are displayed on the rnaster control CRT screen 30
15 (see also FIGURE 2). The accumulated points are also stored on a suitable
storage medium for future analysis along with the individual boxers' scores.
Scoring of each boxer is accompl;shed by dividing the total number of switch
pulses from all three judges by three in the form of the invention illustrated.
In other words, for each three pulses received for a given boxer, a point is
20 added to his total score, although a different formula may, in certain cir-
cumstances, be employed. These weigkted scores are displayed on the score-
board 10 in appropriate red or gold boxes lOa and lOb as well as the CRT
screen 30 at the master control station 14. It should be noted that the
actual input from each individual judge is displayed only on the master con-
25 trol screen 30, since this information is primarily important for the qualitycontrol aspect of the system. The counters are capable of storing and dis-
playing up to 999 points for each boxer.
The master control operator may also add or subtract points from either
boxers' score as necessary for bonus points or for penalty points with key-
30 board 32. For example, five points are adde~ to a boxer's score if he offi-
cially knocks down his opponent as signalled by the referee. And if a boxer
commits some illegal action, the referee may signal that one or more points
be subtracted from his score. The addition or subtraction of points is ac-
complished from the master control station 14 with switches on the master
35 control console 31.
The computer 20 will maintain all current information, should a power
failure occur, long enough to move the data onto a non-volatile storage
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medium or, in other words, to allow the computer to dump the information
onto such a medium. This will be accomplished with an uninterruptible power
supply (UPS) 40. The IJPS 40 will maintain the computer and scoring func-
tions for up to five (5) minutes, excluding the scoreboard 10. The current
S information will be updated on the scoreboard by the computer with complete
score and time once full power is restored to the system.
Further functions of the computer 20 include the official timing of both
the rounds and rest periods and counting of the rounds. The round counter
shows zero or blank when the fight begins and advances to 1 at the begin-
ning of Round 1 and continues to show Round 1 until the beginning of Round
2, at which time it advances. It will stop counting at the end of a preset
number of rounds and can be reset at the master control station 14. The
round/rest timer is a decrementing timer which alternately counts round
periods and rest periods both of which can be preset as desired. This timer
will be reinitialized when the round counter is reset. It is also possible to
provide a hold switch at the master control station 14 to stop the timer if,
for example, the referee signals a time out.
The timing and round count will be displayed on the scoreboard at 10c
and 10d. The beginning and ending of rounds are signalled by a bell, and a
buzzer is sounded ten (10) seconds before the end of the rest period in
conventional fashion. The number of rounds and time per round can be pre-
programmed to accommodate various rules for various jurisdictions, e.~., three
minute or two minute rounds, etc. These variables can also be adjusted as
necessary at fight time.
AS noted, the scoreboard 10 will display total accumulated points for
each boxer, the current round, and the countdown time for the round or rest
period. A countdown timer will also run continuously after the start of the
first round, alternately displaying the round time or the rest time remaining.
The timer stops at the end of the last round. If the fight is officially
stopped, the master control operator can also stop the timer manually.
~ sound system 41, separate from the computer scoring system, is used
to mask crowd noise *om the scorers and for communication to and from the
master control operator. The judges wear headsets and are in a soundproof
booth. Stereo music or white noise may be fed into the headphones to
further mask crowd noise and influence if desired. The master control opera-
tor ~r judges may use the microphones to alert each other should problems
with the scoring system arise.
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As previously noted, not only is it desired to rnonitor the points awarded
by each judge, it is desired to be able to associate the awarding of points by
each judge with the actual actions of the contestants which lead to the award
of the points.
With that in mind and referring again to FIGURE 1 of the drawings, it
will be seen that the basic boxing "ring", which is actually square, is
generally indicated by the numeral 15 and has associated with it four video
cameras of known types and generally indicated by the numerals 111, 112, 113
and 114.
These cameras are disposed about the four sides of the ring commonly
used in boxing, wrestling and other similar athletic contests, although, of
course, the precise configuration of the locus of the athletic contest would
depend on the contest and might affect the location of the cameras. As
noted at the outset however, the present invention is only being described
primarily with relation to boxing for ease of description.
Accordingly, the disposition of the cameras 111, 112, 113 and 114 is such
that, in general? a view from nearly all possible perspectives is provided by
the combination of cameras. In particular, at least the views available to
each judge are duplicated by the various cameras.
Three supplemental cameras 211, 212 and 213 are also provided. It will
be assumed, again, that a boxing contest is involved and judging stations 11,
12 and 13 will be disposed on three sides of the ring. These judging stations
will essentially consist of an isolation type booth, as described in Applicant'searlier Patent 3,737,889. Each judge is provided with the already described
momentary push-button switches held in each hand with each switch repre-
senting one of the individual contestants. As previously noted, a push of the
switch will score a point for that contestant and the switch may be pushed
twice for an extremely hard blow, etc. In any event, associated with each
judge is an individual judges' scoreboard, as indicated by the numerals 311,
312 and 313 of FTGURE 1. While not available to the audience, the score
recorded by the judge for a particular act of the contestant will be displayed
on the boards 311, 312 and 313.
The supplemental cameras 211, 212 and 213 will film the display on the
boards 311, 312 and 313 and this score will be superimposed on the picture
being taken by the cameras 111, 112 and 113 in known fashion~ In this way,
for each individual judge, a tape, film or other suitable storage media will be
prepared so as to reflect the action which took place in the ring 15 and also,
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superimposed on the tape, film or other media will be the points awarded by
each individual judge at the time the action took place.
~ ccordingly, it is a relatively simple matter at a subsequent time to
review the tapes, films or other media to evaluate the merits of the judge's
5 decision as to the points awarded for any particular act by the competitors.
As has been noted and as can be seen from FIGURES 1, 2 and 3, the
individual judge's stations 11, 12 and 13 are also electronically connected to amaster control station 14. This master control station is then connected to a
main fight scoreboard 10 which is visible to the audience and displays the
10 cumulatiYe points for each contestant on that board, presumably at the end ofeach round. In this fashion, the audience is apprised, as the contest pro-
gresses, of the relative standing of the contestants and, not necessarily
incidentally, the contestants are also apprised of their standings.
The system described thus far is believed to be a definite improvement
15 over the prior art in that, in addition to keeping the audience apprised of the
progress of the contest, so far as the points are concerned, it clearly pro-
vides an improved quality control tool for evaluating the performance of the
judges or of~icials.
The invention also lends itself to a further modification which enhances
20 wagering on the contest.
To that end, it is contemplated that a plurality of casino or wagering
stations will be provided, each with a scoreboard designated by the numeral
70. These are "slave" scoreboards and they display the score for each in-
dividual round on the scoreboards 70,70. It should be noted that only one
25 camera 71 is illustrated, but one would be associated with each scoreboard 70.
It is thus possible, through the computer 30, to set the score at zero
prior to the outset of each round or other segment of the contest on score-
boards 70,70.
In that fashion, as points are awarded by the judges and accumulated
30 through the computer, the standings will be reflected, as the round pro-
gresses, on the scoreboards.
While many methods of wagering are possible, one is to add and sub-
tract points as they are accumulated and the wagering would be on the basis
of, first, which contestant is expected to win the round and, second, on the
35 basis of the point spread or differential.
In that regard, for example, the contestants would start out with zero
points at the outset of the round and then, as points were awarded to the
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red contestant, for example, ~hey would be added to his total on a plus or
minus basis. For example, if the first contestant were to score two points~
followed by the second contestant scoring one, thc scoreboard would reflect
one point for the first contestant.
It is also contemplated that a pari-mutual betting arrangement can be
provided by using the cameras 80,80 and the pari-mutual boards 81,81. The
pari-mutual concept would involve the running computation of odds by a
computer, the display of those odds, etc.
As previously noted, no great detail has been set forth with regard to
the electronic components of the system since they will be reasonably known
to those skilled in the art. However, certain exemplary components will now
be described.
By way of example only then, the computer used for the system may be
a personal computer that has been industrialized to withstand harsh environ-
ments and rough handling. The computer is based on the industry standard
PC Bus architecture and communicates with the scoreboard and scoring
stations over an RS-422 serial communication link 50. The high noise
immunity of RS-422 allows use of simple dual twisted-pair wiring for the
network even in the most severe environments. The baud rate of the net-
work will be in the range of 300 to 19,200.
All functions of the system will be handled by the computer 20, except
for the mechanical counters used by the judges. The scoring inputs from the
judges and bonus or penalty points from the master control operator will be
accumulated, totalled, and displayed by the computer on the scoreboard 10
and on the master control CRT display 30. Display at the master control
station 14 will optionally be on a color CRT screen simulating the actual
scoreboard display described above.
As noted, the round counter 10c will contain zero before a fight begins
and will advance to one (1) at the sound of the bell for the first round. In
operating the system, the fight is started by the master control operator
pressing the "Start" push-button 31a on his control board 31. After that, the
counter 10c will advance one increment of one at the beginning of each
round and the round counter will stop counting at the end of the last round.
The number of rounds, as well as the length of each round, will be pre-
programmed into the computer prior to the beginning of the fight. The round
counter is reset by the computer 20 as part of the normal operation in
preparation for the next fight.
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The bell an(l buzzer functions will also be controlled by the computer
based on the status of the round/rest timer. At the beginning and end of
each round, an output will be turned on by the computer 30 to sound the
bell. Likewise, the rest timer will turn on an output 10 secon~s before the
end of the rest period to sound the buzzer.
The uninterruptible power system 40 will be included in the overall
control system to maintain the computer and scoring functions for up to five
(5) minutes. The scoreboard and any ~emote displays or functions will not be
maintained by the UPS 40 However, the scoreboard and remote displays will
be refreshed ~vith the current scores and times as soon as full power i5 re-
stored
Input/output signals to and *om the computer will be handled by circuit
boards originally designed for industrial control applications and adapted for
use in the system These remote I/O stations 11a, 12a, 13a and 14a com-
municate with the host computer 30 over an RS-422 serial communications
link 50. Each I/O unit is assigned a unique address, making it possible to
comrnunicate with up to 245 units over the single RS-422 link.
The network will provide error-free operation through the use of a
simple secure protocol. All data and command messages exchanged between
the host computer 30 and the I/O units 11a, 12a, 13a and 14a are represented
as printable ASCII characters. This networlc approach with its simple proto-
col allows scoring input (individual scoring by the judgesj and output (the
scoreboard display) at remote locations without running large bundles of wire
from the booths and scoreboard back to the master control station.
A rnodem can also be included in the network to comrnunicate with I/O
units over a radio link or telephone lines for longer distances.
Provisions will be incorporated into the system design and software/pro-
gramrning to give remote display of the six individual scoring counters of the
three scoring judges. These displays can be used for performance evaluation
of judges and for training new judges. These displays can be tied into the
net~vork allowing them to be placed remote from the computer CPU. These
displays can be incorporated into a video tape of the fight for ultimate
quality control over the scoring of a fight. The displays will also be color-
coded for the fighters and will be three-digit displays capable of showing up
to 999 points/punches for each fighter.
A further provision to be included is for remote differential point dis-
plys 82 that will show the point difference between the two fighters and
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which one is ahead during a round. The difference count starts over at the
beginning of each new round and can be used for casino applications of the
system. These displays, too, can be tied into the network to allow remote
viewing of the differential score between the two fighters. These displays
S will be two-digit displays capable of showing up to 99 points difference
between the fighters' scores.
~ printer 60 may also be included to print the fight results. The report
will contain information from each round as well as the total points for each
boxer. All the available information from the fight may be stored on disks
10 for future reference, analysis, and for evaluation of judges and fighters.
This information can be made available to coaches, trainers, commissions, etc.,
for training and evaluation assistance.
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