Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WOgl/0802~ 2 ~ 6 9 7 q 9 PCT/GB90/01852
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BODY PART IMPACT GUARD
BACKGROUND OF THE I~VENTION
., .
This invention relates to methods of and arrangemen~s for
pro~iding protec~ion to parts of the human body against
the full force arising from impacts, blows or the like.
In particular, but not exclu~ively, ~he prese~t inventi3n
is concerned with the protection of the limbs of sports
per~ons again~t the full impact force arising fr~m a blow
from, ~or example, a boot as is a likely possiblity in
10 respec~ of sports, for example, involving the kicking of ~`
a ball such as a football; a bat or the like in the case
of sports involving the use of a ball striking implement
i.e., hockey stick; sports involving the use of 8
relatively hard form of ball such as, for example, a
cricket ball etc.
THE PRIOR ART
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It is well ~nown that a vital and highly i~por~ant part
of the kit (i~e., the equipmen~ re~uired by sports
per30ns ~o practice and/or play their sport) of sports
23~ perso~s in the case of sports of the kind above mentioned
are guards~dedicated ~or~a particular protective purpose.
In the case o footbal.l it has become a standard practice
to providc a guard.or shield for pratecting the shins of
; a player a~alnst the full. lmpact of orces likely to
arise ~rom heing struck.by a plager's boo~.
^It will be understood that frequently at the time of such
i.mpact ~he two p~rsons involved are not only moving at
speed towards each other but-additionall~ the kicking
W09l/08D2X ~ ` PCT/~B90/01852
. . ! , _
player is swinging the kicking leg as fast as he can to
impart kicking distance to a ball. It will thus be
appreciated that the magnitude of force in~olved can vary
greatly depending upon the particular clrcum~ances of
the situation from a slight tap to very grPat impact
force sufficient to break a leg or arm bone etc.
For a large number of years it has been a substantially
standard practice to u~e as protection for player's shin
bone an elongate pad including a plurality of side by
side reinforcement strips. The strips are enclosed
within outer layers of padding intended to soften or
otherwise reduce the impact force created by an impacting
boot. In practice, these known ~orms of construction
have not proved to be reliably successful in warding-off
impacts.
Also, hi~torically, it has been an almost univerqal
practice for players to insert the known pads into their
socks in such position as to be located in front of the
shin bone to shield an srea extending roughly from just
below the knee down to the top of the foot arch of the
user.
In practice, it has been found that this qimple method of
relying upon a sock to hold the shin guard in place has
not been a sufficiently reliable method since the shin
guard retention relied wholly upon the resiliency of the
i sock in withstanding the additlonal stretch arising from
the presence of ~he movable shin guard. Thus, in cases
where thc 90cks were a little too large or had lost some
of their initial elasticity the ~hin guard retention
zapability was correspondingly reduced with ~he result
-; that` the shin guards were not held in their optimum
positions within a sock throughout a game and/or were
allowing the shin guards to fall from the socks.
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W09l/08028 ~69~9 ` PCT/GB90/0l85'
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With a view to combating this undesirable overall
situation the practice has developed in relation to games
like footbsll, for the players tightl to str~p or tie the
shin guards in place.
,.
As will be appreciated this need to strap or otherwiqe
tie the shin guards in place, whilst providing a solution
to the problem of the shin guards not remaining in the
required position is not in itself a particularly
desirable way of achieving the aim of retaining the shin
guard in place for a variety of reaqons including, for
example, the problem of tying the ties/cords involved
sufficiently tight enough to keep the shin guards in
place wi~hout interfering with free blood circulation,
without compressing muscles which during the course of a
game are continuouslg being flexed and unflexed etc., to
an extent that ~he ties or cords dig into the muscles
when flexed possibly leading to the occurance of cramp in
the legs.
A further serious problem in relation to the known pads
is tha~, in practice, they have not afforded a great deal
of protection in withstanding the full impact of a kick
which has, to the misfor~une of the person being kicked,
of not being able to absorb sufficient of the impact
forces to reduce them to a level at which the leg, and in
particular the tibia, could with~and the residual forces
and not badly bruise or break as a result of the impact.
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As a consequence when a player has been usln~ a
i conven~ional ~hln protecting pad there ha~ remained an
e~tremelv high~risk of tibia breakage and if not actual
breakage ~severe bruising and crush dama8e to the tibia
with the possibility of the same general area receiYing
several damaging blows within a space of 8 few games of
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WO9l/0802X ~ 97 ~ ~ PCT/CB90/OlX~
-4~
i.e., football, so that conditions are initiated for
permanent weakness bein8 induced into the leg structure.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an obJect of the present invention to provide a
body part guard construction which provid~s enhanced
resistance to impact.
It is a further object of the invention to provide
arrangements for facilitating the wearing of protective
body part guards so that they are maintained for as long
as required in their optimum positions of use and in such
manner as to avoid the introduc~ion of problems such as
suggested above.
STATEMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Broadly, according tothe invention there is provided a
body part protective guard incorporating an ex~ended area
: member generally shaped, to the form of the body part area
to be protected and which : i9 intended to overlie the
''.body psrt to ' be protected, characterised in that the
g'uard includes an extended area member of a force
: "' 20 resi~st:ant resiliently 'deformable material .the member
'' ' being padded with impact absorbing material which when in
'' u e is interposed~between the member and the body psrt.
' - 'Preferably, the" extended area ~emb.er includes a irst
psrt pro~iding a primary impsct force receiving area and
~25'~ two second part~'integrally connec~ed with the irst part
~ and extending outwardly away rom opposite edge' regions
~i '''-o the first ~part, and in that the second parts are
connected in~'orce:transfer relationship with 'the first
'''s~ part. ' '; ~
WO91/08028 ZQ~97~9; ` ` - PCT/GB90/0185~
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Conveniently, the connection bwtween the first and second
parts is such that that the first part is so connected to -
the second parts that on an impact occuring on the first
part relative resiliently resis~ed distortion
displacement is possible between the first and the second
parts which displacement assists in the absorption of and
transfer of impact force from the first to the second
parts thereby to prevent the full impact force from being
rest~icted only to ~he first part.
Preferably, each interconnection region between the first
and a said second part effectively forms a stiffenened
rib like region which when the body part protective guard
is in use extends in a direction generally along the
direc~ion of a bone structure of a body part bone
structure specifically to be protected, and wherein the
interconnection regions between the first and second
parts are such as to facilitate the trans~er o~ impact
f~rce from the first part to the second parts and to
accommodate positional adjustment of the guard as a
result of an impact force.
According toca further aspect of the invention there is
provided a method of retaining a protective guard in
:place in relation to a part of the body it iq desi~ed to
protect from;:impact force including ~he steps of fitting
~: ~25 to the body part a sleeve formed of such material, ~ise
and form as to it suEficiently firmly/snugly about body
part as to remain in situ thoughout use theréo,
lnserting a protective impact force accomodAtlng guard
into a pocket, pouch or the like provided in/on the
sleeve, and 90 fitting the aleeve to the body part that
the guard i8 located at such position as to be adjacent
the region of the body part most likely to be subject to
an impact force~ i
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A further aspect of the inYention provides means for
retaining a protective guard in place in relation to a
part of the body it is desired to protect from impact
force , said means including a slee~e or the like of such
material, size and form as to be able to fit
firmly/snugly about the part of the body it is desired to
protect so as to be able to remain in situ thoughout use
of said part, and means forming a pocket, pourh or the
like provided in/on or other?~ise associatable wi~h the
sleeve and adapted to receive a protective impact force
accommodating guard, the arrangement being such that by
suitable positioning of the ~he sleeve on the body part
to be protected the guard can be located in the vicinity
of the body part region most likely to be subjected to
impact producing force.
If de~ired, the pocket can be of independent construction
and releasably attachable to the sleeve by attachment
. arrangements such a hook and loop interconnection
systems.
Conveniently, the force accommodating member comprises a
composite structure incorporsting a layer of relatively
stif~ non-compressible material that is to form the outer
layer of the member, and a backing layer of a
compressible material that forms ~he padding.
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WO9l/0802X PCT/GB90/01852
~7--
Pre~erably, ~he ou~er layer comprises a plastics ma~erial
such as a polypropolene, whilst the backing layer
comprises a plastics foamed material.
.,
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a better un~erstanding of the invention and to show
how to carry the same into effect reference will now be
made to the accompanying drawings in which:-
Figure l very schematically illustrates in cross sec~ion
a known form of shin protective guard positioned for
protecting the lower part of a human leg;
Figure 2 very schematically illustrates in side view
cross section the known guard cooperating with the human
lower leg;
Figures 3, 4 snd 5, very schematically shows successive
stages of the effects of a boot impacting upon the known
guard~ ~
Figure 6 i9 a front view -of a body protection guard
involving concept~ o the invention;
.
Figure 7 illustrates is an end view in ~he direction A
: 20~ of a body part protection guard as illustrated in Figure
6; ` :`
Figure 8 is a rear vi.ew of a body protectlon guard of
~ Fi~ure 6; : ~
'` Figure 9 is a- lengthwise medial ` section of the
~:;; 25 protection guard of Figures 6 to-8; ~i
Figure lO ~ery schematically illustrates in perspective
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W091/080Z8 PCT/~90/0185~
view a mountin~ ~leeve/sock for locating the protection
guard of Figures 6 to 9 for ~he purpoQes of u9e;
Figure 11 iq a front view illustrating the sleeve/sock on
a user's leg and having partially inserted therein a
body part guard incorporating the concepts of the
invention ~nd as shown in pr~vious Figures; and
Figures 12 and 13 are respectively transver~e and
longitudinally cross ~ections very schematically
illustra~ing in side view cross seetion the guard of
Figures 6 to 9, cooperating with the human lower leg;
Figures 14 and 15, illustrate in transverse longitudinal
cross section successive stages of a boot impacting upon
a limb having associated therewith a guard as shown in
Figures 6 to 9,
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Re~erring to the drawings and more particularly to
Figure 1 thlR ~igure very schematically illustrates a
cros~ section of the lower part 1 of a human leg. In
the Figure the .tibia and fibula have been very
schematically represented at 2 and 3 and the surrounding
tiRsue at 4
., i .
A known form shin pad is indicated at 5, comprising
inner and outer layers 6 and 7 o material enclosing
strips 8 of , a ~tiffening material, the inner layer 7
being backed by A layer ~ of psdding. The ~hin pad 5 iR
~o ~ormed that a quilted formatlon is produced SO that
. the pad can readily deform to fold around the front and
: ides of the.lcg. ~
Each 5trip;.8 of 9tiffening maerial ser~es t~ give the pad
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WO91/08028 2~6~7~9 PCT/CB9OtO1852
_ g _
5 stiffness along its lengthwi~e direction and thus when
in use lengthwi~e of the leg. When in use the
protection pad is held in place either by the user's sock
10 of is tied in place w:Lth tapes (not 3hown)
With these known constructions each strip 8 is
effectively isolated from the-adjacent strips 8 in the
sense that when force is applied to any strip for
example, (i.e., by a kick) to the strip(s) immediately in
front of the tibia 2 all of the force is dissipated into
the elongate strip(s) 8 actually contacted by the kicking
boot and thus into the leg itself. Whilst the padding
of the contacted strips absorbs some of the energy
generated by the kick most of the force involved is
transmitted through the protective part directly onto the
tibia. As is well known the front of the tibia 2 lies
very close to the kin surface and, in addition, exhibits
a longitudinal rldge-like formation which means in term3
of force applied thereto by a kick that the force
involved is concentrated into a relatively small impact
area 90 that any impact forces upon the tibia front are
co'ncentrated over a relatively small region/area. In
fact, the effect of the impact having regard to the shape
of a football boot being concentrated over such a s~all
area is that the resulting impact per square centimetre
is extre~ely large as compared with the forces arising
' when the'same force kick impacts over a more extended
- area of the bone reg'ion, ' ' '' ' ''''''
' ' The"- e`fect is very schematically demon~tràted in Figures
''' ' 3 to 5. In Fig'ure 3 a kickin'g boot 11 i9 illustrated at
'30 '`' th'e instant of lmpsct.' As will be noted the area 12 of
' impact 'is very llmited and having 'regard to~ the tibia
cross section the tibia area immediately in front of the
klcking boot 11 is effectively 8 relatively narrow
~ertical ~trip.' ' '' '' "
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WQ 91/0802~ , ' ^ PCl`/GB90tO1852
z~ 7~ ~o-
As the effects of impact co~mence to evolve ~he b~ot 11
continues to move forwards and as it is likely that the
foot (not ~hown) of the kicked leg i~ at the time of
impact on the ground i.e., positionally fixed at the
instant of.impact and the upper part of the leg ~ay well
be moving relatively rapidly towards the oncoming boot
the relative velocity of impact and thus the potential
energy inYolved is enhanced wi~h corresponding increa~e
in the force imparted ~o the known pad/tibia combination~
Since the known pads 5 are no~ able to dis~ipate forces
from the impacted protective strips 8 ~o adjacent padded
strips 8 the impact full force remains undiver~ed and is,
a3 has been méntioned, only marginally di~sipated by the
collapsing of the padding 9 so that the forces involved
are effectively directly imparted eo the tibia as shown
i9 ~chematically represes~ted by the arrows 14 in Figure
4. . .
If the impact force exceeds the ability of the tibia to
accommodate the force the tibia breaks as is indicated at
15 in Figure 5.
., ~
Referring now to Figures 6 to 9 these illustrate a body
part protection guard 16 i~ accordance with the concepts
o~ the 1nvention. .The guard~ 16 includes an outer
resilien~ member 17 formed by a layer of relatiYely
9tiff not easily compressible material. The member 17 is
so prof.iled,;as 9hown .in Figure 7, a~ to define a central
strlp part 18jand two side parts ~19, with the outer
surface of the centr:al strip 18 efectively raised.with . -
re~pect to ~he lmmediately adjacent regions o ~he side
parts 19..,. ,.... ~ ... ..-
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This stepped formation proYides the outer member 17 with
WO 91 /0802X , 3, . " PCI tG B90/0 185~
7 " 9
additional lengthwise stiffness and ca~ conveniently beregarded as having two lengthwise directed ribs, or steps
20 such that the central strip 12 stands slightly proud
of the adjacent side parts 19.
This outer member 17 i9 backed by padding formed by
compressible impact force dissipating layers. A~ will
be noted in the embodiment sho~n the side parts 19 are
pro~ided with single thickness layers 21 and the central
strip part 18 is backed by a double thickness of the
impact force dissipating material by incorporating two
layers 22 and 23.
Preferably, the outer member 17 comprises a plastics
material such as a polypropolene, whilst the padding
material comprises compre~sible material layers 21,22,23
formed from, for example, plastics foamed material ~uch
as extruded polystyrene having, or example, a density of
0.9 grams per cubic centimetre and an impact resistance
of 24 Rilograms per cubic Metre.
In practice, the detailed shape snd profile/~ormation of
2~ the guard will be governed by the particular nature of
the region to be protec~ed.
An inner layer of padding material 24 extends lengthwise
of the inner padding layer 23 for almost the full length
thereof, For r~asonq to be considered hereinafter, an
patch/area 25 of the material connec~ion system involving
interengageable hooks and loop~ i9 provided adjacent ~o
the upper end of ~he outer member 17~ The lower end of
the guard is ~haped so as to conform to the general shape
of the upper part of the user' 9 foot adjacent to the
anlcle region.
For users who wish to tie the guard 16 in place the side
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WO9l/0802~ PCT/GB90/0185~
39
-12-
parts 19 are pro~ided with tape receiving slots 26.
The use of relatively wide _lots eDables use of
corresponding wide ~apes and assists is avoiding the
8athering of the tapes into narrow Atrings.
It will be noted that the adjacent edge regions of the
padding layers 21,22 are shaped as shown at 28 to
facilitate the flexure of the central part 18 relati~e to
the side parts 19.
The o~erall transverse profile of the guard 16, as may be
1~ noted from Figure 7 is such that the central strip 18 i5,
when ~he guard is in use, located essentially immediately
in front of the tibia whilst the side parts 19 are so set
with respect to the central part that they engage with
the sides of the user's leg. The overall dimensions are
such that the ~ide parts 19 pres~ gently against the
uQer's legs so tha~ the do not unnecessarilyy pro~ect
outwardly of the legs to create a possible hazard
condition.
With a view to facilitating the correct positioning of
the guard 16 with respect to the body part to be
protected it is intended that the guard 16 be engaged in
a pocke~ provided upon a ~leeve that is intended snugly
to fit o~er the body part i.e., li~b to be protected.
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Referrin~ now `to Figures 10 and 11 of the dr~wings the
25i mounting àrrangement ~or the guard 16 includes a main
`sleeYe 30 whlch i9 intended to be engaged with the ~ody
part to be protected ~.e., lower leg,, the sleeve 30
being formed conveniently from an elasticated type of
material which~preferably allows for a close fit plus
stretch8bilit in dlrections transverse to each other.
~ The sleeve 30 csn be produced by suitable folding and
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WO91/08028 %~69 7~9. ~ ~ PCT/GB90/01857
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stitching of a blank of shaped material ~o provide
joi~ing seam or sea~s, and sui~able hems at the ends of
the sleeve. Alternatively, the sleeve 30 can be
produced initially in tubular form by any co~eniPn~
process i.e., circular knitting, weaving etc.
The sleeve 30 in the embodiment shown is open at both its
upper and lower ends 31 and 32. Since it is intended
that the ~leeve 30 should fit snugly over the lower leg
of the user the sleeve slightly tapers from a wider upper
end 31 to a narrower lower end 32.
As ~his narrower end 32 is intended when in use to be
located close to the upper regions of the user's foot the
narrower end can, if desired, be inwardly curved so as to
allow a neater snd closer fit,
A panel 33 of the elasticated material is secured to the
~leeve 30 in such manner as to form a pocket 34 open at
its upper end 35 and closed at its bottom end 36.
.
The ;pocke~ 34 i~ of a conve~ient size as`to be able to
accommod~te a protective guard 16 as discussed
hereinbefore.
A vertical ~aterial st~rip 37 formed by part of a hook
:
par~ of the well known fabric hooks a~d loops fabric
` conn`ection i ~ystem is provided down the ~ront of the
pocket. Thi9 strip inter ali~ a~l9ts in holding-up a
co`nventlonal sock which would be worn outside of the
' sleeYe,
``` ~` Thus a ~urther;aspect of the invention is the combination
of the s}eeve/sock~in conjuntion with the guard 16.
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Figure 11 illustrates a giuard 16 when partially housed in
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WO91/08028 ~971~9; ~ PCT/GB90/0185'
-14 "
a pocket 34 of the sleeve 30 the latter being illustrated
fitted to the lower leg. When fully inserted ~he area .:
25 will hook onto the material of the pocket and thus
assist in retaining the guard 16 within the pocket 34.
5 For the purposes of illustrating the func~ion of the
slots 26 a tape 38 is shown threading the slots and
pa~sing around ~he user's leg~
Referring now to Figures 12 and 13 these illustrate in
transverse and longitudinal cross-~ection respectively a
guard 16 located in a pocket 34 of a sleeve 30 worn on
the uiser's leg l. I~ will be noted tha~ the side parts
l9 fit snugly against the sides of the leg.
"
The overall shaping of the member 17 is such that when
the guard is fitted a narrow ~pace is effec~ivelyy formed ' ',~
formed between the leg and the rear face of the inner
padding layer 23. It should be noted that even in
situations where such a space is not left the padding is
not in an initialy compressed state ~o that wh'en impact
~orce~ are exerted upon the guard the initial effect is
. 20 for the forces ,to be transferred outwardly from the
re~ion of impact on the central strip 18 into the side
strips by way of the stepped regions 20. This transfer
- of: force effectively increases the efective area over
which th~:force is applied and in 90 doing decreases the
25:: pressure at...;the. central strip and thu~ direct~ towardq
; ;the tibia. .,This orce distribution thus; at least
. ~,initially,.,tends to move,the gnard, 16 toward~,the user~s
leg thereby compressing the padding .21,2Z, 23 overall
against both the front and sides o~ the leg so that a ,.
30...much greater~area,.of the leg i9 sub~ected to ~he inpact
,~.force - leading to a corresponding ,~re'duction;, in the .'
magnitude of the force directed toward~ ~he tibia. . ~'
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W091~0802X ,~ , , , PCT/GB90/018~
739
I~ addition, as may be par~icularly noted from Figures 14
snd 15 the provision of the 'double thickness padding
layers 22 and 23 ensures that by the time the impacting
boot has full compressed the padding the remaining
energyy of the kick starts to exert direct pressure
against the leg of the guard user. However, by the time
the padding has been fully comprecsed the energy of th~
kick ha~ usually been significantly reduced in magnitude
to such extent that, in the event that the guard is
pushed hard against the user's leg the residual energy in
the kick is not likely to be sufficient to break the
tibia.
The conditions prevailing during such compression are
shown in Figure 15.
Whilst the drawings have illustrated the use of a leg
bone protector guard' it will be appreciated that the
concept~ of the invention could be applied to other parts
of the body.
For instance, the sleeve, pocket and member assembly can
be dimensioned and shaped with a view to the protection
of for example, the user's forarm, upper arm and/or thigh
.
regions.
Also the concepts of the invention can be appliad to the
provision of guards for the ankles to give protection to
impacts upon the ankle bones of the us'er without impeding
the flexibilty of ankle usage. For thiq purpose, the
'sleeve part would be shaped to proYide a formation
somewhat similar ~o the formation of the heel region of a
sock or the like. In ~his case, if thought convenient
30 , the pockets for receivi~g the requisitely shaped guard
shields can be provided to afford protection from klcks,
blows etc to the ankle bone.
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WO9l/08so2x zo~7~9 PCI/(;B90/0185
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From the forgoing it will be understood that the guard
includes an extended area member of a force resistant
resilien~ly deformable ma~erial the member being padded
with impact absorbing material which when in use is
interpoqed between the member and the body part. In
other words the outer member of the guard needs to be
s~rong enough and sufficiently flexible so to be able to
deform to accommodate the effects of impact force and not
to shat.ter crack or otherwise be damaged as a result of
the application of an impact force.
That is to say the guard needs to have a combination of
stiffness and i~herent springiness to be able distort
under impact force and to rerurn to its initial form
after dissipation of such force.
1~ With the construction particularly shown in the Figures
the requirement i9 that the connection between the irst
and second parts is such that that the first part is so
connected to the second parts that on an impact occuring
on the first part relative resiliently resisted
distortion displacement is possible between the first and
the ~econd parts which displacement assists in the
absorption of and transfer of impact force fsom the Eirst
: to the second parts thereby to prevent the full impact
force from being restricted only to the first part.
... . ...
To facilit8te~ this, as ha~ been mentioned above, each
interconnection region betwe~n the first part and a sa1d
second part effectivQly forms a stiPfened region which
when the body part protective guard is in use extends in
a direction generally along the direction of a bone
30~ structure o~ a body part to be protected so that the
stiffened interconnection regions between the first and
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WO9l/0802X 2~697~9 PCT/ÇB90/01~
~-`` 17 - ~ .
second parts are such as to facilitate the tran~fer of
impact force from the first part to the second parts and
also to accommodate relative distortional displacement of
the first and second parts arising from application of
said impact force.
In a modified construction the pockets 34 can be formed
separately from the sleeves 30 and can be releasably
attachable thereto by hook and loop attachment means not
requiring any solid or rigid components.
It will be understood that whilst the above discussion
has men~ioned the use of a single guard it will b0
appreciated that by providing more than one pocket to a
sleeve construction or the }ike two or more guards can be
simultaneously provided for a particular body part.
Thus for example, a forearm guard can be provided at
least two pocket~ to give protection to the dif f erent
areas of the forearm.
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