Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
W~ 91/14759 PCl'tUS91/01390
2~7~ 3
FOAMING PERSONAL CLEANSING PRODUCT WITH
FOAM ENHANCING POLYMER
FTELD OF THE INYENTION
T'nis invention pertains to personal cleansing compositions
for personal washing, especially of the face.
~45'i(~'JM~ OF THE INVEMTIO~I
E ,5u,d a"d solid bar compositions based on soap and/or
- ,ynthQtic surfac~ants are com~monly used for cleansing the human
; body. To achi^-Y2 adequate lather when diluted with water, these
require a higher level of surfactant than is necessary for clean-
ing. This excess surfactant can be irritating to the skin and is
pu~ into the environment unnecessarily. The use of foams for
cl~aning skin has usually been reserved for specialty products
that are used without rinsing. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.
3,962,150, Viola, issued June 8, 1976, incorporated herein by
reference. There has been little or no recognition of the mild-
ness and environmentil advantages that can be derived from the use
of such products for general cleansing. The level of surfactant
actually required to provide good cleaning of the skin is quite
low and the majority of the detergent surfactant in the usual
toilet bar is wasted, either in the smear that is left on the bar
holder, or in detergent surfactant that is not fully dissolved and
is therefore rinsed away without providing any benefit. When a
mechanical foaming device is used, lower levels of surfactant can
be used to achieve adequate lather. However, as the surfactant
level is minimized, lather quality is also reduced and the foam
quality can be of a poorer quality than that of better toilet
bars.
SUMMAR~ C, THE INVENTION
- The present invention relates to liquid personal cleansing
products (compositions) con~aining low levels, e.g., from about
.,
:;
: . :~ .
, . ~ : -.
~- . . . . .
.,~ ,
~: ~ ., .
. . ~ .
.. . .
w 0 91/14759 Pcrius9l/ol39o
2 ~37 ~ d'~ ~ - 2 -
0.1% to about 16% of detergent surfactants, preferably mild
detersent surfactants, and low lev91 of -foam en~lancing poly",er ln
an aqueous solvent system, said compositions being oac!~aged in a
container that can be manipulated by an in~ivldual LO p,^oduc2 a
foam (squeeze ,oamqr contain2r). T'ne compGi-i:10il; 3. ili., inven-
tion prq~erab'ly have a vqry low cont nt a, ~-'Cal"J;_Il. .;UI'-~'';CC'lnC CO
minimize adverse effects both to the s!~in and -to the en~ironmenT.
The quality or the foam can be enhanoed, suiApris'ingly, ~';:'~q~!;
' adversely affecting th ability to dispens2 che ?rodu , 3y
raising the viscosity by the additioll o; a ;m~ mnollnr o- ?.
polymer. 'it is very surprising that Foa.n ~ua'~y ~r.~ ~/iSrO~''y
are so intimately related. ~nly v^ry i".al, ..,,~r nc;~s ;~
cosity are requirud to ma'~e ~ubstar.cial di,^;ere,7c5; in t,le -~-oam
quality.
DETAILED OESCRI~TIO~ OF T'~'c IIlYc~TIOl`i
The present invention comprises a personal cleansing
. composition in the form of an aqueous l'iquid comprising: (1) from
: about 0.1~ to about 16X, preferably from about 1% to about 8Yo~
more preférably from about 2% to about 6/. of detergent surfactant,
~` 20 preferably'mild detergent surfactant; and (2) from about 0.01% to
about 5YO, preferably from about 0.04% to about 2X of foam
enhancing polymer.
The "deltz viscosity" is the difference between the viscosity
of a composition with and without the visco;ity enhancing poly-
mers. The foam enhancing polymer accounts for a rise in the
viscosity of the composition (without the polymer) of at least
about 1 centipoise, preferably by from about 2 to about 10 centi-
poise, more preferably by from about 2 to about 5 centipoise. The
increase in viscosity increases the composition's Foam Creamy Feel
Rating as described in more detail hereinafter, so that said Foam
Creamy Feel Rating is raised by at least about 0.5, preferably by
: at least about 1, more preferably by at least about 2. In other
words, the compositions's Foam Creamy ~eel Rating without th~
polymer is at least 0.5 lower than the composition ~ith the
polymer.
The composition of this invenrion prer^erably has a viscosity
~' of at least about 1.5, prererably from about ~ to about 15, more
preferably from about 2 to about 12, and even more pre~ferably from
~ .
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, , .
., .
. ............ .
~............. . : ~
~ '
i,
,~ , .
w o 91/14759 P~T/US91/01390
- 3 ~ U~ 3
about 3 to about 10 centipoise at 21'C when measured using a
3rookfield LVT Viscometer with a UL adapter. Th lower ~/iscosity
limit is set by the quality of the foam and that varies with the
surfactant system. In general, the upper ~isco,ity limit is as
high as can bs tolerated as long as the o,,~uct can b~ eajilJ
dispensed; thus ~/isccsi~ies o, 2~ 3, "' ,eil ,0 C?, .,re ln-
cluded within the scope of this in~/ention. The mor~ preferred
composition is made from a formulation whic,l has a Yiscosicy in
the range of from about 1 to about 5 cps wichouc the polymer. The
compositions or ch~ presenc inven'cion pre,ararly hava a Foam
CrPamy Feel Rating, as defined hereinaf~er, of ?,t l~as~
pr f~rably around or ab3ut S. Poam ClAea"lY 1 1 ?~it~ng.; o, -.bou
- and abova ar~ also d~sirable for som~ Dr oduct.
Squeez2 -foam compositions withGUi polyrllei' can D~ rorrnulaced
using higher levels of surfac~ant~ l0-25Yo7 praFe~ably 15-20%, and
achieve Foam Creamy Feel Ratings of 6, 7 or 8.
Compared to personal cleansing compositions that are in the
form of toilet bars, the compositions of the present invention are
extremely mild. The use of less detergent surfactant makes any
detergent surfactant milder and the use of a squeeze foamer
package makes the resultant foam more acceptable to the consumer
without the need to use more aggressive detergent surfactants for
increased foam.
From an environmental standpoint, as discussed hereinbefore,
the inYention uses less organic material and by using less
material and no propellant, simplifies the use of concentrates by
the eventual consumer to form the composition. This minimizes the
need to continually sell the squeeze foam dispenser.
The compositions of this lnvention comprise from about 50% to
about 99X water, preferably at least about 75%, water. and a minor
amount of other suitable solvents. Higher levels of water and
lower levels of organic materials are desirable to minimize
environmental concern.
The Surfactant_Comoonent
The surfactant component of the pressnt compositions com-
~1
~` prises water-soluble, e.g., al~ali metal, ammonium, or substituted
ammonium synthetic, or soap, detergent surfactant or mixtures
thereof.
.
.
.
: ,
`
w v 91/14759 PCT/US91/01390
~I~r~ 4
The compositions of this invention preferably contain up to
about 15%, preferably from about 1% to about 8Yo~ of synthetic
detergent surfactant, preferably mild synthetic detergent surfac-
tant. Preferably thP synthetic detergent surfactant is mild, as
disclosed in co~monly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,573,525, Small
et ;l'? is,u^.d June lo, 1987, incor~orated herein b~ rsferenca. A
mild synchetic detergent surfactant is def;ned therein, and
he, ei n, as one which does relatively little damage to the barrier
; function of the stratum corneum.
` S~/nth~tic der~rgents are the preferred detergent surfactants
in ~he compositions herein. Preferred types of synthetic detar-
gent surfacc~nTs ~ra of the anionic, amphoteric, or z~/itterionic
types. ~reFerably, the detergent surfactants are those kno~.~n to
be mild to the skin.
i; ilainy mil~ surractancs are low foaming. The present invention
offers an advantage for such low foaming surfactants.
Preferred compositions herein contain a mixture of two
amphoteric surfactants, a first amphoteric surfactant being
selected from imidazolinium surfactants of Formula I:
C2H40R~
R1 ¦ ,,,, CH2Z
N+ tI)
C CH2
. Il
N -- CH2
wherein Rl is Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, R2 is hydrogen or
CH2CH2M~ Z is C02M or CH2C02M and M is H, alkali metal,
; arnmonium or alkanolammonium;
and a second amphoteric surfactant being selected from amino-
alkanoates of Formula II:
RlNH(CH2)nC02M (II)
:
iminodialkanoates of Formula III:
RlN[(CH2),nC02M]2 (I T I)
and rni~tures thereo" ~herein r, and m are numbers from 1 to 4, and
each Rl and M arP independentl~ selected from the groups specified
.
.''
,
....
.
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.
WO 91/14~59 . PC~/US91/01390
in (I) above. 2~78~3
Exam?les of suitable amphoteric surfactants for use as the
first ampho-Leric surfactant include compounds in which Rl is CgH17
(especially iso-c~pryl), CgH1g and C11H23 alkyl. Especially
pr~ferred are the compounds in which R1 is CgH1g, Z is C02M and
R2 is H; and the compounds in ~hich Rl is C11H23, Z is COM and R2
i s Cli2co2lil
It lill be undersLood tllat a number of commercially available
amphoteric surfactants of this type are manufactured and sold in
the form or complexes ~ith anionic surfactants, especially those
or ch.~ sul,ac~d C~-C1g alcohol or Cg-C1g acyl glyceride types. In
one aspecr or the invention therefore, the compositions comprise a
prelnix or colnDlex of the rirst amphoteric surfactant and anionic
surfactant in an equivalent ratio of about 1.1 in order to provide
ap~-oxlma~a elec~roneut;^aliLy,
Some pre-rerred mild synthetic detergent surfactants useful in
this invention include alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonate (AGS);
anionic acyl sarcosinates; methyl acyl taurates; fatty acyl
glycinates; N-acyl glutamates; alkyl glucosides; acyl isethio-
nates; alkyl sulfosuccinate; alpha-sulfonated fatty acids, their
salts and/or their esters; alkyl phosphate esters; ethoxylated
alkyl phosphate esters; alkyl ether sulfates; glucose esters and
- alkylated ? e.g., methyl glucose esters; acylated and/or alkylated
protein condensates; mixtures of alkyl ether sulfates and alkyl
a~ine oxides; betaines; sultaines; and mixtures thereof. Included
in the surfactants are the alkyl ether sulfates with 1 to 12
qthoxy groups, especially ammonium and sodium lauryl ether sul-
t fates. Alkyl and/or acyl chain lengths for these surfactants are
C~-C22, pre~erably ClO-C18~
Preferred mild synthetk detergent surfactants include:
Cg-C1g monoal~yl phosphate salts, preferably at least partly in
the form of their polyalkanol, e.g., N,N,N'N'-tetraethanol-(ethyl-
enediamine) (Quadrol) salts; ~-(Cg-C1g fatty acyl) glutamates;
Cg-C1g al!~yl imino ac~tates and/or imino propionates; preferably
~5 propionates; C8-C18 fatty acyl glycinates and!or their mixtures
with additional anionic synthetic detergent surfactant, and/or
i mixtures thereof.
'
. .
. ~ .
. ~ .
' .
WO 91/14759 PCI-/US91/01390
2 ~ 7 s~
Examples of anionic synthetic detergents are the salts of
organic sulfuric reaction products such as
(a) alkyl sulfates having the formula R2~0S03M;
; (b) alkyl sulfonates haYing tn2 -;ormula ~2~503i~;
(c) alkyl ether sulfates ha~Jing the formula ~2~(0C~Hd)X~503~; -
(d) alkyl monoglvcoride sul f3na~ es 'na~/ing ',he for ,mU14
R240G1 2-S03M; and
(e) alkyl benzan2 sulfona~es having ~h- ,~ormuia:
R?~ ~ S03,~
In the above formulae, each R~1 is a ,tra,ght or branched
chain alkyl of from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms; each G is 2
glyceryl ether moiety; each ~ is a number of frcm 1 to about 10:
15 and each ~ is an alkali me'_31, almJ~OiliUI'J, 'f` suos~ltu~ed a"""Gnium
ion.
Examples of nonionic synthetic detergents are ethoxylated
fatty alcohols (e.g., the reaction product of one mole of coconut
fatty alcohol with from about 3 to about 30 moles of ethylene
20 oxide~ and fatty acid amides such as coconut fatty acid mono-
ethanolamide and more pure cuts such as lauric, myristic or
stearic acid diethanolamides. The nonionic surfactants disclosed
~ in U.S. Pat. 3,962,150, suDra, can be used in the compositions of
;~ the present invention.
One kind of preferred composition is substantially free of
soap and has a pH of from about- 4.5 to about 8.5, preferably from
about 6 to about 8.
It may also be desirable to use soap, e.g.j alkali metal soap
as the detergent surfactant. Such soap can be made by direct
saponification of fats and oils or by the neutralization of free
- fatty acids which are prepared in a separate manufacturing pro-
cess. Particularly useful are sodium, potassium and alkanol-
ammonium, e.g., triethanolammonium, salts of mi~tures of fatty
acids derived from coconut oil and tallow, i.e., sodium and
;` 35 potassium tallow and coconut soaps.
The term "tallow" is uied herein in connection with ;atty
acid mixtures which typically have an approxima-ce caroon cnain
~ .
~'',''~ ' ' .
.
WO 91/14759 PCr/US91/01390
- 7 -
length distribution of 2.5~o C14~ 29% C16t 23% C1g, ~ palmltoleic,
41.5% oleic and 3% linoleic. (The first three fatty acids listed
are saturated.) Other mixtures with similar distributions can be
used, such as the fatty acids derived from various animal tallows.
5 The tallow can also be hard~ned (i.ehydrogenated) to conYert
part or all of the unsaturated la-~t~ .lCid mo.e,'le, to iatura,ed
fatty acid moieties.
When the terms "coconuc oili' and "coconut raccy acid" (C~IFA)
are used herein, they refer to fatty acid mixtures ~hich typically
havP an approximata carbon chain length distribution of about 8%
C7, 7% C1o, 48% C12, 17Yo Cl~, 9~o Clo~ 2% Clg, 7% oleic, and 2%
linoleic. (The first six fat~y acids listed are saturated.~
Other sources having similar carbon chain length distribution 5uch
as palm kernel oil and babassu ~ernel oil are lncluded :iith th~
terms coconut oil and coconuc ~ai~y acid.
As stated hereinbefore, the preferr2d detergent surfactants
are the mild synthetic surfactants disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.
4,673,525, Small et al., issued June 16, 1987, incorporated herein
by reference.
The Polvmers
It has been discovered that the addition of certain polymeric
materials to liquid cleansing compositions that are designed to be
foamed in a squeeze foamer container, as described in detail
hereinafter, can provide more acceptable foam without hurting
other product properties. In general, the useful polymers should
be either soluble or dispersible ~in water to a level that will
give the desired viscosity increase. Suitable polymers are high
molecular weight materials (mass-average molecular weight deter-
mined, for instance, by light scattering), being generally from
~0 about Z,OOO to about 3jOOO,OOO, preferably from about 5,000 to
about 2,SOO,OOO, and more preferably from about 7,000 to about
1,000,000). Since the polymers apparently operate by raising the
viscosity of the compositions, the polymers preferably have a
thickening ability such that a 1% dispersion of the polymer in
- 35 water at about 21~C (70-F) exceeds about 1 centipoise, preferably
about 2 centipoise. Use;ul polymers are the catianic, nonionic~
amphoteric, and anionic polymers userul in the cosmetic field.
:;
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~ 8 -
Preferred are cationic and nonionic resins and mixtures thereof,
especially those that are beneficial to the skin. Also preferred
are cellulosP derivatives such as hydroxyethyl- and carboxymethyl-
collulos~ and guar gums such as hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium
guar gum. Since the polymers are added to raise the viscosity,
th2 compositions preferably should not contain large amounts of
materials that reduce the viscosity and especially material that
'nas no Function ~xcopt ~o reduce the viscosity.
Personal cleansing products containing quaternary amine
10 ?olymers are disclos~d in on2 or more of the following patents:
?ac._No. Date Inventor(sl
US 3,761,~18 9/1973 Parran, Jr.;
US 4,2~4,464 11/1980 Morshauser;
US 4~061,602 12/1977 Oberstar et al.;
US ~,A~7,297 9~1984 Bolich et al.;
US ~j~91,i39 1/1985 Hoskins et al.;
US 4,540,507 9/1985 Grollier;
US 4,673,525 6/1987 Small et al.;
US 4,704,224 11/1987 Saud; and
Jap. J571056/30~82 Pola.
All of the above patents are incorporated herein by refer-
ence, especially for their basic personal cleansing product and
polymer disclosures.
;
As stated above, the polymers useful herein are any of the
25typical polymers that provide an increase in viscosity. The
substituted cellulose materials preferred herein are commonly
found in detergent compositions and are suitable for use in com-
positions that come in contact with the skin. Especially pre-
ferred are the substituted cellulose polymers that are readily
30water-soluble or water-dispersible, and especially those that form
clear solutions while raising the viscosity when used at low
levels. Examples of such polymers are the carboxymethyl- and
ethoxylated cellulose polymers.
~ Speciric examples include: hydroxyethyl cellulose (e.g.,
i 35Natrosol 2~0MXR, Natrosol 250HR, etc.); and cationic cellulose
polymers (e.g., Union Carbide's JR-400).
Other anionic, nonionic, and cationic polymeric skin con-
ditioning agents useful in the present invention have molecular
.
W O 91/14759 P~r/US91/01390
- 9 - 2~173'~ 3
weights of from 1,000 to 3,000,000. Useful polymers are selected
from the grnup consisting of:
(I) nonionic~ anionic, and cationic polysaccharides;
(II) copolym2rs of the saccharides of (I) and compatible
` 5 synthetic monomers;
(III~ s~!nthetic water-so1uble polymers containing ~ater-
soluble groups, e.g., quaternized silicones and quat-
erni70d polycarbovylates.
Specific examples of members of the cationic polysaccharide
class include the cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose, e.g., JR-400
and Li~-200 mad2 by Union Carbide Corporation.
; Copolymers or saccharidPs ànd synthetic monomers useful in
the pr~sellt invention encompass those containing the following
- ~ saccharides: glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, xylose,
,ucose, F:^uct^se, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucuronic acid,
galac~uronic acid, and S or 6 membered ring polyalcohols. Xanthan
gum, e.g., Keltrol T, (molecular weight about 2,000,000) is also a
~ suitable polymer. Also included are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl
`~ and hydroxypropyl derivatives of the above sugars.
Other desirable polymers are the bulky amine polymers as
defined in the copending U.S. Patent Application of Robert G.
Bartolo and Louis F. Wong, Ser. No. 07/374,3IS filed June 30,
; . 1989, for "PERSONAL CLEANSING PRODUCT WITH ODOR COMPATIBLE BULKY
CATIONIC POLYMER," said application being incorporated herein by
2; referenc Such polymers have the following generalized formula
in which the backbone is represented by "POLYMERi' and having the
i indicated non-labile cationic functional group:
~I) (PoLYMER)-(CRlH-CR2R3-NR4R~R6)X wherein Rl-R3 is H or
any other substituent and R4, R5 and R6 combine with N to form an
amine with less odor impact than trimethylamine, preferably at
least one of R4, R5 and R6 is alkyl having a chain length of from
about 2 to about 24 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy alkyl group con-
~ taining from about 2 to about 12 carbon atoms.
; ~ Some examples of preferred bulky amine polymers are cationic
~- 35 guar gums having the following structures, wherein "guar" repre-
s~nts the guar gum backbone: -
;~ , .
~ .
'
.
~' ' :
~ .
:'
'
WO 91/14759 PCI/US91/01390
2 ~ 7 ~ ç~ - lo -
(II) C12H25
. I
Guar- ~CH2-0-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-N~C~l3
I .
_ Cl13 I x
(III)
-- C~ 2C~
I
Guar- -CH2-0-CH2-c~(OH)-c~2-~l~ril3
.
_ 5~3 1 ~
~- An example of a bulk~ amine nyaro~yothyl col luloso, (HE5)
polymer is:
(I`~) ~12~25
. .
HEC- -CH2-0-CH2-CH(OH)-CH2-M+C~ ¦
~' . I
': CH3 _ x
~ The "x" in the above formulae is typically selected to
;~ - provide a degree of substitution of from about 0.5 to about 4,
preferably from about 1 to about 2.5. These "bulky amine" groups
have no odor problem and also hav2 improved skin conditioning
- ' 25 benefits.
The composition of thi-s invention preferably comprises from
about 0.01% to about 5%, preferably from about 0.04% to about 2%,
pf the polymer. Some pref2rred cationic guars (galactomannans)
` are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,758,282, Stober et al., issued
`'~ ` 30 July 19, 1988, incorporated herein by reference. The cationic
guar gum polymers disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Appli-
: cation Ser. No. 07/456,065j J.R. Knochel and P.E. Vest, filed
:~ Dec. 21, 1989, are suitable, especially when the cationic groups
are substituted with bulky amine groups.
` For a homologous series of compounds (e.g., tri-substituted
amines), volatility of the mine which can be generated upon
decomposition decreases with ncr asing mol-cular weigh~. Vola-
tility is dependent, among o ner ~hings, on the boiling point Ot
~' .
.
'
'
: : '
; ` .
W O 91/14759 PCT/US91/01390
the neat amine component. Odor impact also has a strong depen-
dence on the amount of Yolatilized material that reaches the nose.
Adding "bulky" amine groups has a desirable efrect on volatility
and, hence, odor impact of aminPs. ,or pure hydrocarbon substi-
tution, the larger the alkyl chains (or the larger the degree of
long chain substitution) the lo~ler he ~d~r impact. Thus, the
preferred bul~y amine substituent~ ha~/e boiling points of graater
than ambi?nt temp~ratur~, a,id ?r~-,^erablj at 12a~t abou'i 30~C, more
prPferably mor~ than about 80-C.
The prrSferr2d nonionic pol~mers ha~le li~tl~ decergent sur-
factant acti~/ity. The nonionic sur-Fact2nt-polym~rs disclosed in
the Examples of U.S. Pat. ~lo. 3,962,150, suj~a, can be used as
; foam enhancers if they are used at a ls~Jel ~hich raises the
viscosity of tha composition by a~ le~st about 1 cps. Suitable
non,ionic polymers lnclud2 ~olyal'~y, n-- glycol, a.g., tn~l~n '
glycol polymers which include polymers having other groups such as
alkyl or acyl groups present. For example, polyethyleneglycol
(20-500) distearate, or equivalent mat2rials, can be used and can
raise the viscosity the desired amount.
Some additional polymers include polyvinylpyrrolidone and
copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone such as those containing vinyl
acetate, dimethylaminoethylmèthacrylate and quaternary versions of
the same with methyl sulfates, and polymers and copolymers of
vinyl alcohol and vinyl acetate. Som~ acrylic polymers include
polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, copolymers with esters of
~ acrylic acid and methacrylic-acid~ and copolymers of methylvinyl-
; ether and maleic anhydride.
The Saueeze Foamer Container
.~
Squee~e foamer packages are well known as exemplified by the-
disclosures in the following patents that are incorporated herPin
by reference. U.S. Pat. Nos.: 3,709,437, Wright, issued Jan. 9,
1973; 3,937,364, Wright, issued Feb. 10, 1976; 4,022,351, Wright,
issued May 10, 1977; 4,147,306, Bennett, issued Apr. 3, 1979;
4,184,615, Wright, issued Jan. 22, 1980; 4,598,862, Rice, issued
July 8, 1986; and 4,615,467, Grogan et al.. issued Oct. 7, 1986;
and French Pat. 2,604,622, Verhulst, published Apr. 8, 1988.
.~ ' .
~ . :
w o 91/14759 PCT/~S91/01390
12 -
The above containers (packages) do not use any propellant and
are therefore safe for the consumer and the environment. They
create a ;oam from almost any surfactant composition. Although
there is no need to add foam boosters merely for the purpose or
stabili~ing the foam, such materials can be desirable. In some
compositions the use of foam boosters can e~/en be counterpro-
ductive since the foam has to break in order for the container to
lor'~ pr3perly. Th composition is plac~d in the container
; reservoir (plastic squee~e bottle). Squeezing the container ~ith
the hand ;orces the composition through a foamer head, or ochPr
,~oam producing me3ns, ~i~here the composition is mixed ~,~ith air and
th2n ~rough a homogenizing means that makes the foam more homog2-
neous and concrols the consistency of the foam. The foam is then
discharged as a uniform, non-pressurized aerated foam.
T!ne mlnimum pre,sure to ac~ivate ~he s~uee~e ,-03m~r is abou~
l psig, typcall~ from about 2 psig to about 7 psig. The minimum
` pressure-is related to the size of the channels in the dispenser,
the viscosity of the composition, etc.
' In general~ the density of the foam should be between about
0.002 and about 0.25 g/cc, preferably between about 0.01 and about
0.12 g/cc, and more preferably between about 0.02 and about 0.07
g/cc. Foam density is inversely related to the Creamy Feel
Rating, so lower foam densities are preferred.
Ootional Comw nents
Th~ compositions of the present invention can contain option-
al components such as those conventionally found in personal
cleansing products. Conventional antibacterial agents can be
included in the present compositions at lPvels of from about 0.1%
to about 4X, preferably from about 0.2% to about 1%. Typical
àntibacterial agents which are suitable for use herein are 3,4-di-
and 3,4',5-tribromosalicylanildes; 4,4'-dichloro-3-(trifluoro-
; methyl)carbanilide; 3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide; phenoxy ethanol
or propanoli chlorhexidene salts: hexamidine salts; Irgasan DP 300
(Triclosan); salicylic acid; paracnlorometaxylenol; Octopirox; and
mixtures of these materials. Conventional nonionic emollients can
~be included as additional s~in canditioning agents in the compo-
sitions of the present invention at levels up to about 20%,
W O 91/14759 PCT/US91/01390
- 13 - ~ 2 ~ 7 ~ 3
preferably at levels of from about 1% to about 15%. Such
materials include. for example, mineral oils, fatty sorbitan
esterâ (see u.s. Pat. No. 3,988,255, Seiden, issued Oct. 26, 1976,
incorporated by reference herein), lanolin and lanolin deriva-
tives, esters such as isopropyl myristate and triglycerides such
as coconut oil.
Free fatty acid such as coconut fatty acid can be added to
thQ compositions herein to improve the Yolume and quality (creami-
ness) of the lather produced by the compositions herein.
io C'on~/el~ional perrumeâ, dyes, preser~atives, and pigments can
also be incorporatod into compositions of the invention at le~els
up to about 1.5%. Perfumes are preferably used at levels of from
about O.i`Yo i O about 1%, and dyes and pigments are preferably used
at levels of from about 0.001% to about 0.5%.
A pref~rr?d composition of this in~/ention also contains up to
about 20~o moisturizer, preferably one selected from glycerin and
` free fatty acid or mixtures thereof. The more preferred compo-
sitions contain from about lYo to about 15Yo moisturizer.
Other optional components are disclosed in the patents
' 20 incorporated herein by reference.
Foam Creamv Feel Ratina Test
The Foam Creamy Feel Rating test is used to measure the foam
quality or creamy feel of foams produced from squeeze foamer
` packages. Foam Creamy Feel Rating is defined as a combined
m~asureinPnt O`r the firmness (body or substantivity) and lubricity
;~ of the foam in the hands. Foams are evaluated and graded on a 9
point scale relative to product standards which have assigned
val ues .
1. Ratina Scale
A scale of 'iFoam Creamy Feel Ratings" of 1 to 9 is used for
creamy feel with 1 being the least creamy and 9 the most creamy.
' Assigned values for creamy feel are:
Foam Creamy
F~el Ratina Standard
1.0 Hand lathered liquid hand soap (defined below)
5.5 Foaming solution out of commercial squeeze
foamer package
7.0 Hand lathereo bar soap
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II. Calibration _ComDosition of Standards and Foam _eneration
Prewash hands with liquid hand soap prior to calibration.
A. Liquid Hand SoaD
Com~osition ~,' Acti~e
Potassium Soap (50 012ic/50 lauric) 26
Free Fatty Acid (50 oleic/50 lat3rir.) l.8
Potassium AceLate d
Glycerin 2
; Opacifier 0.4
EDTA 0.1
~ `~later Balance
'! ' Foam Creamy Feel Rating = 1.0
:~
Procedure
` 15 !. 'let hands.
2. Dispense ! gram or li~uid hand soap into hand.
- 3. Add a little water (0.5 cc) and rub both hands together
in a circular motion 5 times.
4. Completely rotate hands 20 times, scrape lather onto a
countertop.
5. Judge the firmness and lubricity of the foam by
compressing it and rubbing it on the countertop and in
your hands. This is a Foam Creamy feel Rating of 1.
8. Foamina Solution~Foamer Packaae
Comoosi~ion % Active
Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate 5.0
Lauroyl Diethanolamide 5.0
Cocoamidopropyl Betaine 0.75
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 0.75
Foam Creamy Fesl Rating = 5.5
. .
Commercial Squeeze Foamer Packaae
; Bottle manufactured by Kunstoff, Ltd., Uster, Switzerland,
consisting of:
1. 150 ml round HDPE/LDPE (High Density Polyethylene/Low
Density Polyethylene) bo;tle
2. Standard push-pull~ off-on, disponsing head
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3. "White" mixing chamber
4. 11.5 mm long dip tube with 2.0 mm diameter
-~ Procedure
1. ThP disp~nsing bottl_ should be r~illed with between 40
and 90 mls of ioaming solution.
2. !~et hlnds.
3. The foam is produced b~ squee~ing 'he foamer package and
dispens1ng -1.5 grams o,^ ,oam on;,o the countertop.-
. 4. Judge the firmness and lubricity of the foam by
compressing it and rubDing l;. on ~h2 countertop and in
~; your hands. This is a Foam Cream~ ~eal Rating o, 5.5.
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. Bar Soa~
Com~osit,ion (Approximate~ ~O Acti~/3
Sodiu"l Coco~' Is~ io~ 5~
Sodium Soap (80% tallow/20% coconut) 12
Stearic Acid 18.5
Coconut Fatty Acid 3
Sodium Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate 1.1
Sodium Isethionate 0.6
;~ Na2S4 0.5
Water and Miscellaneous Ingredients Balance
Foam Creamy Feel Rating = 7.0
Procedure
1. Soak bar in 95'F water for 2 minutes prior to test to
precondition it.
2. ~et hands ~ith 95'F (about 35'C) water.
3. Rotate the bar of soap 6 complete times in your hand.
4. Add a little water (0.5 cc) and rub both hands together
in a circular motion 5 times.
5. Completely rotate hands 20 times, scrape lather onto a
countertop.
` ~ 6. Judge the firmness and lubricity of the foam by com-
pressing it and rubbing it on the countertop and in your
hands. This is a Foam CrPamy Feel Rating o; 7.
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III. Foam Ratina Procedure
1. Wet hands.
2. Dispense -1.5 grams of foam from the foam generating
package onto the countertop.
3. Judge the firmness and lubricity of the foam by com-
pressing it and rubbing it on the countertop and in ~our
hands. Assign the foam a rating relative to the stan-
dards on the 9 point scale.
The products of this invention should all have Foam Creamy
Feel Ratings of at least about 5 or, preferably, higher as deter-
mined by this test. More preferred Foam Creamy Feal Ratings of o
and above haYe not been observed in any prior art compositions.
The most preferred foam Creamy Feel Ratings of 7 and above are
normally only achieved with higher leYels of surfactant and are
not possible without the polymer in a squeeze foamPr composition.
Test Pr,otocol for Measurina Low ViscositY Liquids
Equipment needed:
Brookfield LVT Viscometer; and
Brookfield UL Adaptor
Measurement method:
' 1. Level viscometer;
2. Rinse sample chamber and spindle with 70-F (about 21C)
water and then dry;
3. Attach spindle;
4. Insure that sample to be tested is at 70'F;
S. Add 16 ml sample to test chamber pouring smoothly to
insure bubbles are not formed (other model UL Adaptors
may require 18.5 ml samples);
6. Slide test chamber over spindle and attach to
viscometer;
, 7. Energize viscometer and rotate spindle at highest
allowahle speed (60 rpm for samples <10 cps);
8. Allow time for reading to stabilize -30 sec.. then
depress clutch and turn off the motor while the reading
is in view;
9. The reading from SteD 8 should be corrected and then
multiplied by the factor appropriate for the spindle
speed (see below);
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WO 91/14759 PCT/US91/01390
- 17 - 2v78~ 3
; 10. Rinse the chamber and spindle well in 70-F water, and
~ test the next sample; and
; 11. Occasionally check the accuracy of the viscometer with
standards.
Correction factors:
` @ ZO rpm viscosity cps = (spindle reading - 0.4) x 0.1
@ 30 rpm viscosity cps = spindle reading x 0.2
For mor~ details refer to 8rookfield's published
; instructions.
Th;~ Tollowing examples are presentad by way of illustration
only.
In gen2ral, making procedures common to those used for
conventional liqùid detergent compositions are employed. The
., ~
~- squeeze foamer package used was either a Kunstoff Supermatic~
pac'~2ge, or a slightly modi,~ied one. Comparative results reported
use the same type of pac~age.
EXAMPLE I
Formula 1
Inqredient rO Active
Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate 5.0
Lauroyl Diethanolamide 5.0
; Cocoamidopropyl Betàine 0.7~
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 0.75
Oowicil 200 0.2
Zi Fragrance - 0.05
Water 88.25
.
`liscosity: 2.4
- Foam Creamy Feel Rating: 5.5
Foam Density: 0.05
pH: -6.7
Formula 1 is a good foaming composition without polymer
having a viscosity of 2.4 and a Foam Creamy Feel Rating of 5.5.
Formula 2 is a preferred composition with polymer having a
viscosity of 7.l and a Foam Creamy Feel Rating of 6.4. Formula 3
is another pref2rred composition with polymer having a viscosity
of 5.3 and a Foam Creamy Feel ~atlng of 7.5.
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~:~ Inaredient % Active
Nono Coconut Al~yl Phosphat~
(Quadrol Salt) 2.
CocoamidopropyldimPthylamine Oxide
(S~andamo~ CA'.~) 0
Pocassium Coco~hydrolysed Animal Protsin)
: (Lamepon S, 3~J) O.C3
1~3-8utylene Glycol 2.5
Glycsrins 2.0
:
~; Aloe - ~ ~
Methyl ?araben . 0.5
Propyl Parabcn 0.2
Xanthan Gum (Keltrol T)* 0 05
: 15 Frag,ance 0.05
FDC ~2 0.0017
Water Balance
;; yiscosity: 7.1
Foam Creamy Feel Rating: 6.4
Foam Density: 0.07
*Keltrol T is a polysaccharide made by Kelco, San Diego,
Calif., and has a molecular weight of about 2,000,000.
Formuia 3
Inqredient . % Active
; Coco Amphocarboxyglycinate/Sodium Lauryl
Sulfate (Miranol 2MOA mod., 39.5~O) 2.8
N-lauryl-iminopropionic acid
~0 (Deriphat 160C, 28~o) 2.8
Glycerine 5.0
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) Gum
(Natrosol 250HR)* 0.09
Euxyl ~00 0. 2
Fragrance 0 1
Water 3alance
*Molecular '~eight: -1.000,000
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WO 91/14759 PCI'~US91/01390
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Yiscosity: 5.3
Foam Creamy Feel Rating: 7.5
Foam Density: 0.0
pH: 7.. 3
For~ula 1l
Inqredien~ % Active
Sodium ,~yrist3yl ~lutam~te 1.09
Lauramide Diethanolamide 1.09
Coco2mido~rcpyl 3e'aine 0.1C
Sodium Lauroyl Sarrosinate 0.16
HEC Gum (Natrosol 2aO`Il,'R~ O. 16
. Do~icil 200 0.2
Fragrance 0.05
!~ l3nc2
:
: Yiscosity: 4.5
: pH- . 7.2
Formula 5
Inqredient Percentaqe W/W
Coco Amphocarboxyglycinate/0.56 (Active Level)
: Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
(Miranol 2MCA mod.~ 3g.5%)
DPripha~ 0C 1.63 (Active Level)
Hydroxjethylcellulose (1% solution) 10.05
Glycerol 15.00
A~monium Chloride 1.00
Euxyl K400 0.20
Fragrance 0.10 e
. Citric Acid (lOX solution) to pH 7.0
. Water Balance
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EXA~?L-' II
In Example II, Formula A without polymer has a viscosity of
1.5 and a Foam Creamy Feel P~atins of i.2. Formulas B, C and D,
each with a very small amount or Jolymer added, sho~ increased
; viscosities and increased Foam Creamy Feel Ratings. Formula E has
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three times the active detergent surfactant, but the same vis-
cosity as Formulas B, C and D
Formulas (% Active)
` Inaredient A B C ~ F
Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 22.6
HEC Gum (Natrosol
250MXR)* - 0.14 - ~ -
PEG 150 Distearat~** - - 1.85
JR400 Gum (Quatern-
ized Cellulose)*~ - - - 0.27
Water8al. Bal. 3al. Bal. Bal.
*Molecular Weight: -i20,000
**Molecular Weight: - 7,000
*~Molecular Weight: -400,000
;
Viscosity: 1.5 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Foam Creamy Feel Rating: 5.2 6.5 6.3 6.8 7.0
- .
Formulas (Y~ Active)
Inqredient F G
Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate 5.0 5.0
Lauroyl Diethanolamide 5.0 5.0
Cocoamidopropyl 8etaine 0.75 0.75
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 0.75 0.75
PEG 150 Distearate - l.0
Dowicil 200 0.2 0.2
Perfume 0.05 0.05
Water 3alance Balance
Viscosity 2.4 S.0
~ Foam Creamy Feel Rating 4.8 6.5
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EXAMPLE III 2 n 7 8 ~
' In Example III, Formulas 1 and 2; 3 and 4; 5 and 6; 7 and 8;
: 9 and 10; 11 and 12; 13 and 14, are side-by-side comparisons, with
- and ~,~ithout polymer formulations. The balance of Formulas 1-22 is
water.
Formulas (~O Active~ _
Ingredient 1 2 3 4
Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate i.0 5.0 11.5 11.5
HEC Gum (Natrosol 250MXR) - 0.165 - 0.120
~/iscosity 1.3 5.1 2.0 ~.1
foam Creamy Feel Rating 4.6 7.4 5.8 6.7
Foam Density 0.09 0.050.07 0.06
- _Formulas (,' Active! _
Incredient 5 6 7 8
Sodium Myristoyl Glutamate 2.17 2.17 5.0 5.0
" Lauroyl Diethanolami,de 2.17 2.17 5.0 5.0
' Cocoamidopropyl Betaine 0.33 0.330.75 0.75
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate 0.33 0.330.75 0.75
Total Wt.% Active 5.0 S.0 11.5 11.5
HEC Gum (Natrosol 250 MXR) - 0.150 - 0.100
Viscosity 1.5 5.0 2.4 5.2
Foam,Creamy Feel Rating ~.8 6.3 5.3 6.3
Foam Density 0.07 0.07N/A 0.07
, _ Formulas (YO Active!
- , Inqredlent 9 1011 12
; 30 Monoalkyl Phosphate (Miranol
L-100) (Quadrol salt) , 5.0 5.011.5 11.5
HEC Gum (Natrosol 250MXR) - 0.150 - 0.113 '
'~' Yiscosity 1.3 5.21.8 5.0
Foam Creamy Feel Rating 5.5 6.55.5 7.3
,~, Foam Density 0. 06 0.08 N/A N/A , N/A = Not available.
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; Formulas (% Active)
Inaredient 13 14 15 16
Potassium Coco(hydrolysed Animal
Protein) (Lam~pon S, 32~,) 2.26 2.265.19 5.19
Coco Amphocarboxyglycinate/
Sodium Lauryl SulF~tQ
(Miranol 2~CA mod.i 48~a) 1.03 1.032.36 2.36
Palm ~ernel Oil Fit'y ,~cid
Sarcosinate (Medialan ~f, 40~O)0.35 o s351.96 l.9o
N-lauryl-iminopropionic acid
(Deriphat 160C, 23~D) o.aO 0.,361.98 1,gs3
: Total ',~t.% Acti~/e 5.0 5.0 11.5 11.5
HEC Gum (Natro~ol 250MX~) - 0.150 - 0.135
~liscosit~/ '.3 ~.' i.7 .3
Foam Creamy Feel Rating 4.~3 6.a 5.0 7.0
Foam Density 0.08 0.080.07 0.05
. EXAMPLE IV
. In Example IV, Formulas 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 have no
polymer.
Formulas (~O Active)
Inqredient l 2 3 4 5
Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 3.0
HEC Gum (Natrosol 253~XR) - 0.180 0.255 - 0.170
Water Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
.~ , .
Yiscosity 1.1 5.2 8.5 1.2 5.0
Foam Creamy Feel Rating 3.1 6.1 7.0 5.1 6.8
Foam Density 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04
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WO 91/14~59 PCl'/US91/01390
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Formulas (~O Active)
Inqredient ~ l 8 9
Sodium Cocoyl Glutamat2 3.0 i.05.0 5.0
HEC Gum (Matrosol 250MX~) 0.255 - 0.165 0.230
Water 3al.8al.8al. Bal.
Viscosity ~.~ 1.35.1 8.5
Foam Cre~amy Feel ~ting 7.~ 4.67.4 6.9
Foam Density 0 030 040.035 0.03
Note that Formul 2s 1-6 ha~/e -rr^m aoour 97,' to about 99% ~ater, and
the Foam Creamy F~el Ra~ings o~ 2; 3; ;, and 6 are, resp2cti~/ely,
6.1; 7.0; 6.3; a~d 7.~.
. .
Inaredient iO ll 12 13 14
N-lauryl-iminopropionic acid
(Deriphat 1~50C, 28%) 0.5 O.i 0.5 1.5 1.5
Coco Amphocarboxyglycinate/
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
~, ~ (Miranol 2MCA mod., 39.5%) 0.410.41 0.41 1.23 1.23
Total Surfactant 0.91 0.910.91 2.73 2.73
HEC Gum (Natrosol 250MXR) - O.lB50.260 - 0.175
Water 8al. Bal.Bal. Bal. Bal.
~`~ 25
, Viscosity l.l 4.9 8.2 1.2 4.8
~` Foam Creamy Feel Rating 3.8 6.8 6.6 4.1 7.2
Foam ~ensity 0.05 0.0450.04 0.05 0.025
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Formulas ~% Active)
Inqredient 15 16 17 18
N-lauryl-iminopropionic acid
(Deriphat 160Ct 28%) 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Coco Amphocarboxyglycinate/
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
(,~iranol 2MCA mod., 39.5%) 1.23 2.06 2. 06 2.06
Total Surfactant 2.73 4.5O 4.56 4.~
HEC Gum (Natrosol 250MXR) 0.250 - 0.165 0.242
'Water Bal. 3al. 8al. Bal.
Viscosity 8.3 1.3 4.9 8.6
Foam Creamy Feel Rating 7.8 4.0 6.4 7.6
Foam Density 0,035 0,05 0 03 0.03
`~ 15
EXAMPLE Y
Rich Foam Qualitv Usinq Hiah Surfactant Levels ln Squeeze Foamer
Test Formulas (Wt.% Active !
Ingredient A B C
Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate 22.00
- Coco Amphocarboxyglycinate/ - 5.i6
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
(Miranol 2MCA mod., 48%)
Palm Kernel Oil Fatty Acid Sarco- - 4.28
sinate (Medialan KF, 40%)
N-lauryl-iminopropionic acid - 4.32
(Deriphat 160-C, 28%)
Potassium Coco(hydrolysed Animal - 11.39
Protein) (Lamepon S, 3270)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate - - 17.7
Total Wt.% Active 22.00 25.15 17.7
Viscosity 4.9 5.1 i.0
Foam Creamy Feel Rating 6.o 7.5 6.0
It is clear from the awYe Comparative Examples that the
compositions of the present invention have improved Foam Creamy
Feel Ratings as compared to the same compositions without the
polymers.
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