Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
20'~~37~3
306/GL135
_ 1 _ 18567Y
15
TTTT F f~F T$E,~~NVENTION
(AZAARYLMETHOXY)INDOLES AS INHIBITORS OF LEUKOTRIENE
BIOSYNTHESIS
~~~CICGROtINTj OF THE INVENTION
2o European Patent Applications 166,591 and
275,667 disclose a series of indole-based compounds
with activity as prostaglandin antagonists and
inhibitors of leukotriene biosynthesis respectively.
In EP 181,568 and EP 200,101 are disclosed a series
25 of compounds, containing two aromatic nuclei, which
are described as possessing activity as lipoxygenase
inhibitors. In EP 219,263 is disclosed a series of
indoles, benzofurans and benzothiophenes which are
described as possessing activity as lipoxygenase
20'~93'~3
306/GL135 - 2 - 18567IA
inhibitors. U.S. Patent 4,629,733 describes novel
indolinones which are antithrombotic and inhibit both
phosphodiesterase and tumor metastasis. The chemical
preparation of quinolylindoles is referred to by
Sheinkman, ~..~., Chem. Ab., Vol. 67, 54017 (1967),
without mentioning any utility for such compounds. A
number of N-acyl derivatives of indole-3-acetic acid
are described as potential anti-inflammatory agents
by Hiniecki, g~, ~_1., Chem. Ab., Vol. 98, 197936
(1983), by Pakula, ,fit ~., Chem. Ab., Vol. 105,
190835 (1986), and in British Pat. Spec. 1,228,$48.
EP 419,049 (March 27, 1991) teaches
(quinolin-2-ylmethoxy)indoles as inhibitors of
leukotriene biosynthesis.
~Lntt~tARV OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compounds
having activity as leukotriene biosynthesis
inhibitors, to methods for their preparation, and to
methods and pharmaceutical formulations for using
these compounds in mammals (especially humans).
Because of their activity as leukotriene
biosynthesis inhibitors, the compounds of the present
invention are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-
allergic, and anti-inflammatory agents and are useful
in treating allergic rhinitis and chronic bronchitis
and for amelioxation of skin diseases like psoriasis
and atopic edema. These compounds are also useful
to inhibit the pathologic actions of leukotrienes on
the cardiovascular and vascular systems for example,
~o~o~~~
306/GL135 - 3 - 18567zA
actions such as result in angina or endotoxin shock.
The compounds of the present invention axe useful in
the treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases
of the eye, including allergic conjunctivitis. The
compounds are also useful as cytoprotective agents
and for the treatment of migraine headache.
Thus, the compounds of the present invention
may also be used to treat or prevent mammalian
(especially, human) disease states such as erosive
gastritis; erosive esophagitis; inflammatory bowel
disease; ethanol-induced hemorrhagic erosions;
hepatic ischemia; noxious agent-induced damage or
necrosis of hepatic, pancreatic, renal, or myocardial
tissue; liver parenchyma) damage caused by hepatoxic
agents such as CC14 and D-galactosamine; ischemic
renal failure; disease-induced hepatic damage; bile
salt induced pancreatic or gastric damage; trauma- or
stress-induced cell damage; and glycerol-induced
renal failure.
The compounds of this invention are
inhibitors of the biosynthesis of 5-lipoxygenase
metabolites of arachidonic acid, such as 5-HPETE,
5-HETE and the leukotrienes. Leukotrienes B4, C4, D4
and E4 are known to contribute to various disease
conditions such as asthma, psoriasis, pain, ulcers
and systemic anaphylaxis. Thus inhibition of the
synthesis of such compounds will alleviate these and
other leukotriene-related disease states.
c~
306/GL135 - 4 - 18567IA
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides novel
compounds of the formula I:
R4 R5
Het-X4 ~ I ~~--(CR~~Ri~~ri Yr~ CCR~~Rii~p_Q
N
R3 \
Ra
I
wherein:
Het is ArRlR2~
Ar is a monocyclic aromatic 5- or 6-membered sing
containing 1 to 3 N atoms, and the N-oxides
thereof ;
2o Rl° R2' R3~~R4 and R10 are independently hydrogen,
halogen, perhalo lower alkenyl, lower alkyl,
lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, -CF3, -CN,
-N02, -N3, -C(OH)R11R11~ -C02R12~ -SR14
-S(0)R14~ _s(0)2R14~ -S(0)2NR15R15~ -OR15
-~15R15~ _~12CONR15R15, _COR16, CONR15R15~
or -(CH2)tR2l;
R5 is hydrogen, -CH3, CF3, -C(0)H, X1-R6 or X2-R7;
3o R6 and R9 are independently alkyl, alkenyl,
-(CH2)uPh(R10)2 or -(CH2)uTh(R10)2;
306/GL135 - 5 - 18567IA
R7 is -CF3 or R6;
R8 is hydrogen or X3-R9;
each R11 is independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, or
two R11's on same carbon atom are joined to
form a cycloalkyl ring of 3 to 6 carbon
atoms;
R12 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or -CH2R21;
R13 is lower alkyl or -(CH2)rR2l~
R14 is -CF3 or R13;
R15 is hydrogen, -COR16, R13, or two R15's on the
same nitrogen may be joined to form a
monocyclic heterocyclic ring of 4 to 6 atoms
containing up to 2 heteroatoms chosen from
0, S, or N;
R16 is hydrogen, -CF3, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl,
lower alkynyl or -(CH2)rR2l;
R17 is -(CH2)s-C(R18R18)_(CH2)s-R19 or
-CH2CONR15R15;
R18 is hydrogen or lower alkyl;
~~~~t)~c~
306/GL135 - 6 - 18567IA
R19 is a) a monocyclic or bicyclic heterocyclic
ring containing from 3 to 9 nuclear
carbon atoms and 1 or 2 nuclear
hetero-atoms selected from N, S or 0
and with each ring in the heterocyclic
radical being formed of 5 or 6 atoms, or
b) the radical W-R20;
R20 is alkyl or -COR23;
R21 is phenyl substituted with 1 or 2 Ra2 groups;
R22 is hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl, lower
alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower
alkylsulfonyl, lower alkylcarbonyl, -CF3,
-CN, -N02 or -N3;
R23 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or monocyclic
monoheterocyclic ring;
R2~ is the residual structure of a standard amino
acid, or R18 and R2~ attached to the same N
can cyclize to form a proline residue;
is 0 or1;
m
n is 0 to3;
p is 1 to3 when m is
1;
p is 0 to3 when m is
0;
r is 0 to2;
is 0 to3;
s
t is 0 to2;
a is 0 to3;
20'~J~7~3
306/GL135 - 7 - 18567IA
W is 0, S or NR15;
X1 is 0 or NR15;
X2 is C0, CR11R11, S, S(0), or S(0)2;
X3 is C0, CR11R11, S(0)2, or a bond;
X4 is CH=CH, CH2-Y1, or Y1-CH2;
Y is XI or X2;
Y1 is 0, S, S(0)2, or CH2;
Q is -C02R12, -CONHS(0)ZR14, -NHS(0)2R14,
-S(0)ZNHR15, -CONR15R15, -COZR17~
-CONR18R24~ _CR11R110g~ or 1H- or
2H-tetrazol-5-yl;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
A preferred embodiment of Formula I is that
in which X4 is CH2-Y1, Y1 is 0, and the remaining
sustituents are as defined for Formula I.
Another preferred embodiment of Formula I is
that in which
R1, R2,' R3, and R4 are hydrogen;
R5 is X2-R7;
R7 is. R6;
R8 is R9;
R10 is hydrogen or halogen;
m is 0;
n is 1 to 3;
a is 0 in R6 and 1 in R9;
X2 is CR11R11 or S;
X4 is CH2-Y1;
Y1 is 0;
~0'~~3"~~
306/GL135 - 8 - 18567IA
Q is -C02R12 or 1-H or 2H-tetrazol-5-yl; and the
remaining substituents are as defined for Formula I;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
Definitions
The following abbreviations have the
indicated meanings:
Me = methyl
Bn = benzyl
Ph = phenyl
DIBAL-N = diisobutyl alumnium hydride
HMPA = hexamethylphosphorictriamide
IDS = potassium hexamethyldisilazide
t-Bu = text-butyl
i-Pr = isopropyl
c-C6H11 = cyclohexyl
c-Pr = cyclopropyl
c- - cyclo
Ac = acetyl
Tz = 1H- or 2H- tetrazol-5-y1
Th = 2- or 3- thienyl
c-C5H9 = cyclopentyl
1-Ad = 1-adamantyl
NBS = N-bromosuccinimide
NCS = N-chlorosuccinimide
Alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl are intended to
3o include linear, branched, and cyclic structures and
combinations thereof.
~~~~~~e~
306/GL135 - 9 - 18567IA
"Alkyl" includes "lower alkyl" and extends
to cover carbon fragments having up to 20 carbon
atoms. Examples of alkyl groups include octyl,
nonyl, norbornyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl,
tetzadecyl, pentadecyl, eicosyl, 3,7-diethyl-
2,2-dimethyl-4-propylnonyl, cyclododecyl, adamantyl,
and the like.
"Lower alkyl" means alkyl groups of from 1
to 7 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkyl groups
include methyl, ethyl, progyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-
and tent-butyl, pentyl, hexyl,.heptyl, cyclopropyl,
cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl,
2-methylcyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, and the like.
"Cycloalkyl" refers to a hydrocarbon ring
having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms. Examples of
cycloalkyl groups are cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl,
cycloheptyl, and the like.
"Lower alkenyl" means alkenyl groups of 2 to
7 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkenyl groups
include vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl,
heptenyl, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl,
cyclohexenyl, 1-propenyl, 2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-
butenyl, and the like.
"Lower alkynyl" means alkynyl groups of 2 to
7 carbon atoms. Examples of lower alkynyl groups
include ethynyl, propargyl, 3-methyl-1-pentynyl,
2-heptynyl, and the like.
"Lower alkoxy" means alkoxy groups of from 1
to 7 carbon atoms of a straight, branched, or cyclic
configuration. Examples of lower alkoxy groups
include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy,
cyclopropyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, and the like.
~a~a3~~
306/GL135 - 10 - 18567IA
"Lower alkylthio" means alkylthio groups of
from 1 to 7 carbon atoms of a straight, branched or
cyclic configuration. Examples of lower alkylthio
groups include methylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio,
cycloheptylthio, etc. By way of illustration, the
propylthio group signifies -SCH2CH2CH3.
The term "monocyclic monoheterocyclic ring"
which defines R23 means monocyclic groups of 5 to 7
members containing only 1 heteroatom selected from N,
S or 0 in the ring. Examples include tetrahydro-
furan, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidine, piperidine,
tetrahydropyran, and the like.
The term "monocyclic or bicyclic
hetexocyclic ring" which defines R19 may be .
2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl, (3-pyridinylcarbonyl)
amino, 1,3-dihydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-y1,
1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl, 2,4-imidazolinedion-
1-y1, 2,6-piperidinedion-1-y1, 2-imidazolyl,
2-oxo-1,3-dioxolen-4-y1, giperidin-1-y1,
morpholin-1=y1, piperazin-1-yl, and the like.
"Monocyclic aromatic 5- or 6-membered ring
containing 1 to 3 N atoms, and the N-oxides thereof"
which defines °°Ar" may include pyrrole, imidazole,
1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, pyridine, pyridazine,
pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,2,3-, 1,2,4-, or
1,3,5-triazine, and the like.
The point of attachment of any heterocyclic
ring may be at any free valence of the ring.
The term standard amino acid is employed to
include the following amino acids: alanine,
asparagine, aspartic acid, arginine, cysteine,
giutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine,
20~9~7~
306/GL135 - 11 - 18567IA
isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine,
phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine,
tryptophan, tyrosine and valine. (See F.H.C. Crick,
Symposium of the Society for Experimental Biology,
1958 (12) p. 140.)
It is understood that R1 and R2 may be
located at any free positions of Ar.
The terms Ph(R10)2 and Th(R10)2 indicate a
phenyl or thienyl group substituted with two R10
substituents.
Halogen includes F, C1, Br, and I.
It is intended that the definitions of any
substituent (e.g., Rl, R2, R15, Ph(R10)2, etc.) in a
particular molecule be independent of its definitions
elsewhere in the molecule. Thus, -NR15R15 represents
-NHH, -NHCH3, -NHC6H5, etc.
The monocyclic heterocyclic rings formed
when two R15 groups join through N include
pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiamorpholine,
piperazine, and N-methylpiperazine.
The prodrug esters of Q (i.e., when Q =
C02R17) are intended to include the esters such as
are described by Saari ~ 7~., J. Med. Chem., ,?~, No.
8, 746-753 (1978), Sakamoto ~. ~.1., Chem. Pharm.
Bull., ~_2, No. 6, 2241-2248 (1984) and Bundgaard e~
~1., J. Med. Chem., ~, No. 3, 451-454 (1987).
Some of the compounds described herein contain
one or more asymmetric centers and may thus give rise
to diastereomers and optical isomers. The present
invention is meant t.o comprehend such possible
diastereomers as well as their racemic and resolved,
enantiomerically pure forms and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof.
306/GL135 - 12 - 18567IA
The pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention comprise a compound of Formula I as
an active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt, thereof, and may also contain a
pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally
other therapeutic ingredients. The term
~~pharmaceutically acceptable salts~~ refers to salts
prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic
bases including inorganic bases and organic bases.
Salts derived from inorganic bases include aluminum,
. ammonium, calcium, copper, ferric, ferrous, lithium,
magnesium, manganic salts, manganous, potassium,
sodium, zinc and the like. Particularly preferred
axe the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium
andsodium salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically
acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of
primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted
amines including naturally occurring substituted
amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins,
such as arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline,
N,NI-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine,
2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol,
ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine,
N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine,
hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine,
morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins,
procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine,
trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the
like.
When the compound of the present invention
is basic, salts may be prepared from pharmaceutically
acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and
~4'~~3~a
3061GL135 - 13 - 18567IA
organic acids. Such acids include acetic,
benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulf onic, citric,
ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic,
hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic,
malefic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic,
nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic,
sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the
like. Particularly preferred are citric,
hydrobromic, hydrochloric, malefic, phosphoric,
sulfuric and tartaric acids.
It will be understood that in the discussion
of methods of treatment which follows, references to
the compounds of Formula I are meant to also include
the pharmaceutically acceptable salts.
The ability of the compounds of Formula I to
inhibit biosynthesis of the leukotrienes makes them
useful for inhibiting the symptoms induced by the
leukotrienes in a human subject. This inhibition of
the mammalian~biosynthesis of leukotrienes indicates
that the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions
thereof are useful to treat, prevent or ameliorate in
mammals and especially in humans: 1) pulmonary
conditions including diseases such as asthma, 2)
allergies and allergic reactions such as allergic
rhinitis, contact dermatitis, allergic
conjunctivitis, and the like, 3) inflammation such as
arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease, 4) pain, 5)
skin conditions such as psoriasis and the like, 6)
cardiovascular conditions such as angina, endotoxin
shock, and the like and 7) renal insufficiency
arising from ischaemia induced by immunological or
chemical (cyclosporin) etiology, and that the
compounds are cytoprotective agents.
306/GL135 - 14 - 1856~IA
The cytoprotective activity of a compound
may be observed in both animals and man by noting the
increased resistance of the gastrointestinal mucosa
to the noxious effects of strong irritants, for
example, the ulcerogenic effects of aspirin or
indomethacin. In addition to lessening the effect of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the
gastrointestinal tract, animal studies show that
cytoprotective compounds will prevent gastric lesions
induced by oral administration of strong acids,
strong bases, ethanol, hypertonic saline solutions
and the like.
Two assays can be used to measure
cytoprotective ability. These assays are; (A) an
ethanol-induced lesion assay and (B) an
indomethacin-induced ulcer assay and are described in
EP 140,684.
The magnitude of prophylactic or therapeutic
dose of a compound of Formula I will, of course, vary
with the nature of the severity of the condition to
be treated and with the particular compound of
Formula I and its route of administration. It will
also vary according to the age, weight and response
of the individual patient. In general, the daily
dose range for anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic or
anti-inflammatory use and generally, uses other than
cytoprotection, lie within the range of from about
0.001 mg to about 100 mg per kg body weight of a
mammal, preferably 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kg, and
most preferably 0.1 to 1 mg per kg, in single or
divided doses. On the other hand, it may be
necessary to use dosages outside these limits in some
cases.
2U'~~~'~3
306/GL135 - 15 - 18567IA
For use where a composition for intravenous
administration is employed, a suitable dosage range
for anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory or
anti-allergic use is from about 0.001 mg to about 25
mg (preferably from 0.01 mg to about 1 mg) of a
compound of Formula I per kg of body weight per day
and for cytoprotective use from about 0.1 mg to about
100 mg (preferably from about 1 mg to about 100 mg
and more preferably from about 1 mg to about 10 mg)
of a compound of Formula I per kg of body weight per
day.
In the case where an oral composition is
employed, a suitable dosage range for anti-asthmatic,
anti-inflammatory or anti-allergic use is, e.g. from
about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg of a compound of
Formula I per kg of body weight per day, preferably
from about 0.1 mg to about 10 mg per kg and for
cytoprotective use from 0.1 mg to about 100 mg
(preferably from about 1 mg to about 100 mg and more
preferably from about 10 mg to about 100 mg) of a
compound of Formula I per kg of body weight per day.
For the treatment of diseases of the eye,
ophthalmic preparations for ocular administration
comprising 0.001-1% by weight solutions or
suspensions of the compounds of Formula I in an
acceptable ophthalmic formulation may be used.
The exact amount of a compound of the
Formula I to be used as a cytoprotective agent will
depend on, 'n r alia, whether it is being
administered to heal damaged cells or to avoid future
damage, on the nature of the damaged cells (e. g.,
gastrointestinal ulcerations vs. nephrotic necrosis),
~o7o~~e~
306/GL135 - 16 - 18567IA
and on the nature of the causative agent, An example
of the use of a compound of the Formula I in avoiding
future damage would be co-administration of a
compound of the Formula I with a non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that might otherwise
cause such damage (for example, indomethacin). For
such use, the compound of Formula I is administered
from 30 minutes prior up to 30 minutes after
administration of the NSAID. Preferably it is
administered prior to or simultaneously with the
NSAID, (for example, in a combination dosage form).
Any suitable route of administration may be
employed for providing a mammal, especially a human
with an effective dosage of a compound of the present
invention. For example, oral, rectal, topical,
parenteral, ocular, pulmonary, nasal, and the like
may be employed. Dosage forms include tablets,
troches, dispersions, suspensions, solutions,
capsules, creams, ointments, aerosols, and the like.
The pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention comprise a compound of Formula I as
an active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, and may also contain a pharmaceutically
acceptable carrier and optionally other therapeutic
ingredients. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable
salts" refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically
acceptable non-toxic bases or acids including
inorganic bases or acids and organic bases or acids.
The compositions include compositions
3o suitable for oral, rectal, topical, parenteral
(including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and
intravenous), ocular (ophthalmic), pulmonary (nasal
20~~~~3
3061GL135 - 17 - 18567IA
or buccal inhalation), or nasal administration,
although. the most suitable route in any given case
will depend on the nature and severity of the
conditions being treated and on the nature of the
active ingredient. They may be conveniently
presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of
the methods well-known in the art of pharmacy.
Fox administration by inhalation, the
compounds of the present invention are conveniently
delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presenta-
tion from pressurized packs or nebulisers. The
compounds may also be delivered as powders which may
be formulated and the powder composition may be
inhaled with the aid of an insufflation powder
inhaler device. The preferred delivery system for
inhalation is a metered dose inhalation (MDI)
aerosol, which may be formulated as a suspension or
solution of Compound I in suitable propellants, such
as fluorocarbons or hydrocarbons.
Suitable topical formulations of Compound I
include transdermal devices, aerosols, creams,
ointments, lotions, dusting powders, and the like.
In practical use, the compounds of Formula I
can be combined as the active ingredient in intimate
admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to
conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques.
The carrier may take a wide variety of forms
depending on the form of preparation desired for
administration, e.g., oral or parenteral (including
intravenous). In preparing the compositions for oral
dosage form, any of the usual pharmaceutical media
may be employed, such as, for example, water,
20~937~
306/GL135 - 18 - 18567IA
glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents,
preservatives, coloring agents and the like in the
case of oral liquid preparations, such as, for
example, suspensions, elixirs and solutions; or
carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline
cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants,
binders, disintegrating agents and the like in the
case of oral solid preparations such as, for example,
powders, capsules and tablets, with the solid oral
preparations being preferred over the liquid
. preparations. Because of their ease of
administration, tablets and capsules represent the
most advantageous oral dosage unit form in which case
solid pharmaceutical carriers are obviously
employed. If desired, tablets may be coated by
standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.
In addition to the common dosage forms set
out above, the compounds of Formula I may also be
administered by controlled release means and/or
delivery devices such as those described in U.S.
Patent Nos. 3,845,770; 3,916,899; 3,536,809;
3,598,123; 3,630,200 and 4,008,719.
Pharmaceutical compositions of the present
invention suitable for oral administration may be
presented as discrete units such as capsules, cachets
or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of
the active ingredient, as a powder or granules or as
a solution or a suspension in an aqueous liquid, a
non-aqueous liquid, an oil-in-water emulsion or a
water-in-oil liquid emulsion. Such compositions may
be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy but all
methods include the step of bringing into association
2a'~~3'~~3
306/GL135 - 19 - 18567IA
the active ingredient With the carrier Which
constitutes one or more necessary ingredients. In
general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly
and intimately admixing the active ingredient with
liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or
both, and then, if necessary, shaping the product
into the desired presentation. For example, a tablet
may be prepared by compression or molding, optionally
with one or more accessory ingredients. Compressed
tablets may be prepared by compressing in a suitable
machine, the active ingredient in a free-flowing form
such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with a
binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or
dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by
molding in a suitable machine, a mixture of the
powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid
diluent. Desirably, each tablet contains from about
2.5 mg to about 500 mg of the active ingredient and
each cachet or capsule contains from about 2.5 to
about 500 mg of the active ingredient.
The following are examples of representative
pharmaceutical dosage forms for the compounds of
Formu~.a I:
30
CA 02079373 2002-10-15
306/GL135 - 20 - 18567IA
Injectable Suspension (I M ) mg/mL
Compound of Formula I 10
Methylcellulose 5.0
Tween BOTM 0.5
Benzyl alcohol 9.0
Benzalkonium chloride 1.0
Water for injection
to a total volume of 1 mL
Tablet ~g/tablet
Compound of Formula I 25
Microcrystalline Cellulose 415
Providone 14.0
pregelatinized Starch 43.5
Magnesium Stearate 2_.5
500
Capsule ' ~g/ca~sule
Compound of Formula I 25
Lactose Powder 573.5
Magnesium Stearate 1.5
600
Aerosol Per canister
Compound of Formula I 24 mg
Lecithin, NF Liquid Concentrate 1.2 mg
Trichlorofluoromethane, NF 4.025 gm
Dichlorodifluoromethane, NF 12.15 gm
~0'~~3'~~3
306/GL135 - 21 - 18567IA
In addition to the compounds of Formula I,
the pharmaceutical compositions of the present
invention can also contain other active ingredients,
such as cyclooxygenase inhibitors, non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), peripheral
analgesic agents such as zomepirac dif lunisal and the
like. The Weight ratio of the compound of the
Formula I to the second active ingredient may be
varied and will depend upon the effective dose of
each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of
each will be used. Thus, for example, when a
compound of the Formula I is combined with an NSATD
the weight ratio of the compound of the Formula I to
the NSAID will generally range from about 1000:1 to
about 1:1000, preferably about 200:1 to about 1:200.
Combinations of a compound of the Formula I and other
active ingredients will generally also be within the
of orementioned range, but in each case, an effective
dose of each active ingredient should be used.
NSAIDs can be characterized into five groups:
(1) the propionic acid derivatives;
(2) the acetic acid derivatives;
<3) the fenamic acid derivatives;
(4) the oxicams; and
(5) the biphenylcarboxylic acid
derivatives;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The propionic acid derivatives which may be
used comprise: alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, bucloxic
acid, carprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, fluprofen,
flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indoprofen, ketoprofen,
20'~93'~3
306/GL135 - 22 - 18567IA
miroprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pirprofen,
prano-profen, suprofen, tiaprofenic acid, and
tioxaprofen. Structurally related propionic acid
derivatives having similar analgesic and
anti-inflammatory properties are also intended to be
included in this group.
Thus, "propionic acid derivatives" as
defined herein are non-narcotic
analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
having a free -CH(CH3)COOH or -CH2CH2C00H group
(which optionally can be in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt group, e.g:,
-CH(CH3)C00-Na+ or -CH2CH2C00-Na+),
typically attached directly or via a carbonyl .
function to a ring system, preferably to an aromatic
ring system.
The acetic acid derivatives which may be
used comprise: indomethacin, which is a preferred
NSAID, acemetacin, alclofenac, clidanac, diclofenac,
fenclofenac; fenclozic acid, fentiazac, furofenac,
ibufenac, isoxepac, o$pinac, sulindac, tiopinac,
tolmetin, zidometacin and zomepirac. Structurally
related acetic acid derivatives having similar
analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties are also
intended to be encompassed by this group.
Thus, "acetic acid derivatives" as defined
herein are non-narcotic analgesics/non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs having a free -CH2COOH group
(which optionally can be in the form of a
3o pharmaceutically acceptable salt group, e.g.
-CH2C00'Na'~), typically attached directly to a ring
system, preferably to an aromatic or heteroaromatic
ring system.
20'~~3'~3
306/GL135 - 23 - 18567IA
The fenamic acid derivatives which may be
used comprise: flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid,
mefenamic acid, niflumic acid and tolfenamic acid.
Structurally related fenamic acid derivatives having
similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties
are also intended to be encompassed by this group.
Thus, "fenamic acid derivatives" as defined
herein are non-narcotic analgesics/non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs which contain the basic
la structure:
H
COz H
which can bear a variety of substituents and in which
the free -COON group can be in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt group, e.g.,
2p -C00-Na+.
The biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives
which can be used comprise: diflunisal and
flufenisal. Structurally related biphenylcarboxylic
acid derivatives having similar analgesic and
anti-inflammatory properties are also intended to be
encompassed by this group.
Thus, "biphenylcarboxylic acid derivatives"
as defined herein are non-narcotic
analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
3o which contain the basic structure:
306/GL135 - 24 - 18567IA
C02 H
which can bear a variety of substituents and in which
the free -COON group can be in the form of a
pharmaceutically acceptable salt group, e.g.,
-C00-Na+.
The oxicams which can be used in the present
invention comprise: isoxicam, piroxicam, sudoxicam
and tenoxican. Structurally related oxicams having
similar analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties
are also intended to be encompassed by this group.
Thus, "oxicams" as defined herein are non-
narcotic analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs which have the general formula:
OH
c ( o~ NHR
iN~
C H3
O O
wherein R is an aryl or heteroaryl ring system.
The following NSAIDs may also be used:
amfenac sodium, aminoprofen, anitrazafen,
antrafenine, auranofin, bendazac lysinate,
benzydanine, beprozin, broperamole, bufezolac,
cinmetacip, ciproquazone, cloximate, dazidamine,
306/GL135 - 25 - 1856%IA
deboxamet, delmetacin, detomidine, dexindoprofen,
diacerein, di-fisalamine, difenpyramide, emorfazone,
enfenamic acid, enolicam, epirizole, etersalate,
etodolac, etofenamate, fanetizole mesylate,
fenclorac, fendosal, fenflumizole, feprazone,
floctafenine, flunixin, flunoxaprofen, fluproquazone,
fopirtoline, fosfosal, furcloprofen, glucametacin,
guaimesal, ibuproxam, isofezolac, isonixim,
isoprofen, isoxicam, lefetamine HC1, leflunomide,
lofemizole, lonazolac calcium, lotifazole,
loxoprofen, lysin clonixinate, meclofenamate sodium,
meseclazone, nabumetone, nictindole, nimesulide,
orpanoxin, oxametacin, oxapadol, perisoxal citrate,
pimeprofen, pimetacin, piproxen, pirazolac,
pirfenidone, proglumetacin maleate, proquazone,
pyridoxiprofen, sudoxicam, talmetacin, talniflumate,
tenoxicam, thiazolinobutazone, thielavin B, tiaramide
HC1, tiflamizole, timegadine, tolpadol, tryptamid and
ufenamate.
The following NSAIDs, designated by company
code number (see e.g., Pharmaprojects), may also be
used:
48015.65, AA861, AD1590, AFP802, AFP860, AI77B, AP504,
AU8001, BPPC, BW540C, CHINOIN 127, CN100, E8382,
EL508, F1044, GV3658, ITF182, ICCNTEI6090, KME4,
LA2851, MR714, MR897, MY309, ON031.44, PR823, PV102,
PV108, 8830, RS2131, SCR152, SH440, S,IR133, SPAS510,
SQ27239, ST281, SY6001, TA60, TAI-901 (4-benzoyl-1-
indancarboxylic acid), TVX2706, U60257, UR2301, and
WY41770.
Finally, NSAIDs which may also be used include
the salicylates,~specifically acetyl salicylic acid
CA 02079373 2002-10-15
306/GL135 - 26 - 18567IA
and the phenylbutazones, and pharmaceutically
acceptable salts thereof.
In addition to indomethacin, other preferred
NSAIDS are acetyl salicylic acid, diclofenac,
fenbufen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen,
ketoprofen, naproxen, phenylbutazone, piroxicam,
sulindac and tolmetin.
Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the
Formula I compounds may also contain inhibitors of
the biosynthesis of the leukotrienes such as are
disclosed in EP 138,481 (April 24,1985), EP 115,394
(August 8, 1984), EP 136.893 (April 10, 1985), and EP
140,709 (May 8, 1985).
The compounds of the Formula I may also be
used in combination with leukotriene antagonists such
as those disclosed in EP 106,565 (April 25, 1984) and
EP 104,885 (April 4, 1984) and others known in
the art such as those disclosed in EP Application
Nos. 56,172 (July 21, 1982) and 61,800 (June 10,
1982); and in U.K. Patent Specification No. 2,058,785
(April 15, 1981).
Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the
Formula I compounds may also contain as the second
active ingredient, prostaglandin antagonists such as
those disclosed in EP 11,067 (May 28, 1980) or
thromboxane antagonists such as those disclosed in
U.S. Pat. 4,237,160. They may also contain histidine
decarboxylase inhibitors such as a-fluoromethyl-
histidine, described in U.S. Pat. 4,325,961. The
CA 02079373 2002-10-15
306/GL135 - 27 - 18567IA
compounds of the Formula I may also be advantageously
combined with an Hl or H2-receptor antagonist, such
as for instance acetamazole, aminothiadiazoles
disclosed in EP 40,696 (December 2, 1981), benadryl,
cimetidine, famotidine, framamine, histadyl,
phenergan, ranitidine, terfenadine and like
compounds, such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent
Nos. 4,283,408; 4,362,736; and 4,394,508. The
pharmaceutical compositions may also contain a K+/H+
ATPase inhibitor such as omeprazole, disclosed in
U.S. Pat. 4,255,431, and the like. Compounds of
Formula I may also be usefully combined with most
cell stabilizing agents, such as 1,3-bis(2-carboxy-
chromon-5-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropane and related .
compounds described in British Patent Specifications
1,144,905 and 1,144,906. Another useful
pharmaceutical composition comprises the Formula I
compounds in combination with serotonin antagonists
such as methysergide, the serotonin antagonists
2o described in Nature, Vol. 316, pages 126-131, 1985,
and the like.
Other advantageous pharmaceutical
compositions comprise the Formula I compounds in
combination with anti-cholinergics such as
ipratropium bromide, bronchodilators such as the beta
agonist salbutamol, metaproterenol, terbutaline,
fenoterol and the like, and the anti-asthmatic drugs
theophylline, choline theophyllinate and
enprofylline, the calcium antagonists nifedipine,
diltiazem, nitrendipine, verapamil, nimodipine,
2~'~93'~~~
306/GL135 - 28 - 18567IA
felodipine, etc. and the corticosteroids,
hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone,
dexamethasone, beclomethasone, and the like.
Compounds of the present invention can be
prepared according to the following methods.
Temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
The starting methoxy phenylhydrazines ~. are
either commercially available or are described in the
chemical literature as are the acetamidophenols
XXVI. The benzyl phenylhydrazine starting materials
III are prepared as described in EP 166,591 (17102
IA) and the ketones ~V and XXXI are prepared as
described in EP 166,591 and EP 275,667 (17496 IA).
The 2-(halomethyl)quinolines VII are available from
literature methods described in "Quinolines" Parts I
and II, G. Jones (ED.), John Wiley & Sons, Toronto,
1977 and 1982. The preparation of VII by halogena-
tion of the corresponding 2-methylquinolines is also
described in the Jones' volumes. The benzyl halides,
(R10)2 PhCH2-Hal, are readily prepared and many such
compounds are described in the prior art, such as
U.S. Patent 4,808,608 (17323 IB). Hal in ~ and
(R10)2 PhCH2-Hal represents C1, Br or I.
Many syntheses of indoles are well-known in
the chemical literature: see for example,
"Heterocyclic compounds" Volume 25, Parts I, II, III,
W.J. Houlihan (Ed.), Interscience, J. Wiley & Sons,
N.Y., 1979, and "The Chemistry of Indoles" by R.J.
Sundberg, Academic Press, N.Y., 1970. One of the
most common syntheses is known as the Fischer Indole
Synthesis, and is abbreviated in the following
methods as "Fischer".
306/GL135 - 29 - 18567IA
The -C02H and -C02R12 groups in the
intermediates and final products in the various
methods can be transformed to other representatives
of Q such as -CONHS(0)2R14, -NHS(0)2R14, -CONR15R15~
-CIi20H or tetrazol-5-yl by the methodology described
in U.S. Patent 4,808,608 (17323IB). The preparation
of the pro-drug forms (Q is -C02R17) from the acids
may be effected by the methodology of EP 104,885
(16830 IA).
It will be apparent to one skilled in the
art that the various functional groups (R1, R2, Y, Q,
etc.) must be chosen so as to be compatible with the
chemistry being carried out. Such compatibility can
often be achieved by protecting groups, or by
specific variations in the sequence of the reactions.
When R5 is S-R~, the corresponding
sulfoxides and sulfones can be prepared by oxidation
of the sulfides with one or two equivalents of an
oxidizing agent such as m-chloroperbenzoic acid or
monoperoxyphthalic acid or ozone (Trost, J. Org.
Chem., 1988, pg.532).
Many of the following methods involve a
basic hydrolysis of an ester function to obtain the
corresponding carboxylic acid. In all cases, the
free acid is obtained by acidification of the
reaction mixture with a suitable acid such as
hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic, trifluoroacetic acid,
etc.
Compounds 6, 10, 11, 16, 17, 19, 23, 24, 27,
28, and their precursor esters are all examples of
the Formula I compounds of the present invention,
CA 02079373 2002-10-15
306/GL135 - 30 - 18567IA
Compounds identified by Roman numerals
V, XIV, XXVI, XXXI, and XXXV) are known and
correspond to those compounds in EP 419,049.
10
20
30
2U'~~3'~~
306/GL135 - 31 - 18561IA
hydride
reducing
Het-COzR~z '' Het-CH20H -- Het-CHzLG
agent
2 3
NCS or
Het-CH3 -- Het-CH2Ha1
NHS
3a
~+~ base
3 + PPh3 Het-CHZPPh3 Het-CH=PPh3
~ LG( ~
4 5
R4 5
HO ' ~COzMe + 3
(CR~~R"~
R3 ,e P
R
XI V
bas a
R4 5
Het-CH2O ~ ~C02Me
(CR~~R~~)
R3 R8 p
6
20~~3~~
306/GL135 - 32 - 18567IA
The carboxy derivative ~ may be reduced by a
suitable hydride reducing agent such as lithium
aluminum hydride, sodium borohydride, DIBAL-H, or the
like in appropriate solvents such as ether, THF,
hexane, toluene, or mixtures thereof, to obtain
alcohol 2. The alcohol function of 2_ can be
converted to a suitable leaving group (LG) such as a
halide, or a sulf ovate ester (mesylate, tosylate,
triflate, etc.) by methods well known in the art to
produce intermediate ~. A useful subgroup of ~ can
be prepared by halogenation of the methyl compound
Het-CH3 by heating with halogenating agents such as
NCS or NBS in appropriate solvents such as carbon
tetrachloride, benzene, and the like.
Reaction of ~ with triphenylphosphine in
ether, acetonitrile, THF, or similar solvents
produces the phosphonium salt 4_. Compound 4 is
converted into the ylid ~ by treating with a base
such as Et3N, sodium hydride, butyl lithium, or an
alkoxide, depending upon the reactivity of the
phosphonium salt 4.
Method 2
Compound ~ is reacted with phenol HIV, in
the presence of a suitable base such as potassium or
cesium carbonate in a suitable solvent such as
acetone, acetonitrile, or DMF to yield compound
which can be converted to its corresponding
carboxylic acid by standard procedures.
r
306/GL135 - 33 - 18567IA
Rs . . Rs
HO K2C03 Het-CHz
c DME' R3 c
Rs
XXVI 3 7
KOH
H20/Et OH
heat
Rs R4
Het-CHzO 1. HC1/NaN02 Het-CHZO
R~ z2. NazS2O4 R3 z
g B
R5-CH2C0( CR" R~ ~ ) pCOzFt~ z= I V
Fiacher reaction
ao
Rs s Rs 5
KHI~S
Het-CHz I ~COaR~2 ReHa1 Het-CHaO I ~COZR~z
w( C~ p ~_.-~. C C) P
2 5 ' R3 H ~ ~ ~ R R8 R ~ R> >
R" R" 11
30
20r~~,~'~a
306/GL135 - 34 - 18567IA
Method 3
A suitable N-acetylated aminophenol ~XVI is
reacted with ~ using an alkali hydride or carbonate,
such as potassium carbonate as a base in a polar
solvent like DMF or NMP. The resulting acetanilide 7
is then de-acetylated using standard basic
conditions, preferably using alcoholic potassium
hydroxide under reflux to produce the aniline
derivative 8_. Conversion of the aniline derivative
1o to the hydrazine analogue Q is effected through
reduction of the intermediate diazonium salt using
sodium hydrosulfite in an aqueous medium.
The hydrazine 2 is then processed using a
Fischer indolization with ketone ~V_ to produce'
compound ~Q, which is then alkylated on the indole
nitrogen using R8-Hal and a suitable base such as
KIiMDS in THF or NaH in DMF to give compound ~.
25
zo~~~~~
306/GL135 - 35 - 18567IA
METHOD 4
R4 Pd( OAc) a / CO
s
TFaO. pyr. w Di~O~ MaOH. Et3N
xzv ' TFO ~ I .COat~a
"'- CH=Cls ~)P 1.1-His(diphenylphos-
R~ ( R~R~~ phino)Perroc~ne
a
R 20-80°C
12
O R4 s 1. NaOH Ho R4 ~ s
( ' ,CO ~ 2' DIHAL, THF % ~ .C02H
i ) a )
O R~ ~ R~RI ~ 0°C t o r. t. R3
Re RB R R
13 14
5
2 0 I~'1p2 HCO ' P.CO, H
CHaClz ~ R R" -70°C to r. t.
R
25
R; s R4 s
H2. 10°r6 Pd/C
Het ~ , I )P~OzH EtOAc Het ~ I , -C02H
~ P
R3 R8 R~R~~ R3 i8 R~Rii
30 R
R~
s
I
i
R3
16 17
~~~~r~e~
306/GL135 - 36 - 18567TA
Method 4
Indole phenol xIV is transformed to a phenol
triflate ~ by treatment with trifluoromethyl
sulfonic anhydride (Tf20) in a solvent like pyridine
in dichloromethane. The phenol triflate may be
carboxymethylated to a compound like ~ under
palladium acetate catalysis in an atmosphere cf
carbon monoxide, a phosphine ligand like 1,1-bis(di-
phenylphosphinoferrocene) enhances this reaction.
i0 Reduction of the carboxymethylated indole may be
effected with a variety of hydride reducing agents.
Conveniently, DIBAL-H is used in THF on the
hydrolysed ester. The reduced carbinol product 14 is
conveniently oxidized to a formylated derivative 1~
with manganese dioxide in methylene chloride as a
typical solvent. Aldehyde ~. can then be homologated
under carbanion conditions, typically using Wittig
reagent .~ as shown in the method, under anydrous
conditions in an etherial solvent like THF. The
temperature of this reaction is typically from -70°C
to room temperature. Indole styryl analogues (traps)
1_~ are thus formed. Further transformation of the
styryl system may be effected by catalytic reduction
using HZ and Pd/C in an organic solvent like ethyl
acetate to yield the saturated compound ~Z.
~o~o~~~
306/GL135 - 37 - 18567IA
v
HHr3/CHaCIa
R4 R4
s C1CSNI~~ ~ s
HO ~ I ~, --°r. ~zN~ ~~ I tt
' NaH, DID' ~Sj ~ --
R3 tt,
R3 O~R~ t \p_' O R~ R / p_t
18 19
215°C
4 s
R \ R Rt t Rt t 1. MsONa. M~OH R~ s
S ,.----
I r~ZN~ ~ I t t
Os~ 2. SOCls, MsOH l1
R3 H Rt, t P_ t 2 . O R3 _ O.~R~ ~
21 2p Rt,
2 0 Ph3p
Dioxane, HBO
R~ Rs R~ Rs
Rtt Rw 3 ~ Rtt Rtt
-" Het
OzMs . ~ OZMe
Rs H R» p-t Rj H Rtt p't
22 23
1 ) Re-Hal
Na I~ DME
2) hydrolysis
R4 Rs
R~~ R~~
Het-CHZ S
02H
R3 ~ Rtt p_1
R8
24
207~~'~~3
306/GL135 - 38 - 18567IA
Method 5
Indole thio analogues of I such as ?~ and ~4-
are conveniently prepared by the sequence shown in
Method 5. The treatment of compound V with BBr3 in a
chlorinated solvent such as CH2C12 cleaves both the
methyl ether and the indole N-benzyl group and
cyclizes the product to an indole lactam ~8_.
Derivatization of this compound as an N,N-dimethyl-
thiocarbamoyl indole .~,~ followed by thermal
rearrangement at >200°C gives rise to an N,N-dimethyl-
carbamoylthioindole derivative ~Q. Depending on the
duration of heating, dethiolation (R5=-S-t-Bu .~ R5=H)
may also take place. The hydrolysis of 2~ may be
effected using strong base, typically sodium
methoxide in methanol is used. Spontaneous formation
of disulfide ~ may occur in this reaction. The
reduction of ,~ can be achieved using triphenyl-
phosphine in aqeuous dioxane to produce ~. Coupling
of 22 to an appropriately substituted derivative ~
takes place under organic base catalysis. Typically
triethylamine, in an organic solvent such as
methylene chloride, is used. Transformation of
indole 2~ to an N-substituted derivative .~4_ is
achieved under standard conditions described in
Method 3.
~0'~~3'~a
306/GL135 - 39 - 18567IA
O 1) FISCHER/9 R°
RS~L~~COZRt 2 -
n 2 ) KHI~S /~'fi~'/R~ Ha 1 ~ t ~ ' ( 2 t z
Rt t Rt t ~ ~~n O R
R ~3
Rtt Rtt
XXXI 25 R
Rt t Nl3Hr
R4 RS
~ Rt t
Hat ~ f
~n
R4 R~ R3 '~ Rt' t 'Rt t
Rt t ~ 26 R
Het~ ~ LiAl '-
C~n~H
ao R3 ~8 R" R't
2~ R 1 ) NBHfTHF'/XXXV
Rtt 2) LiOH
Haft ~ ~Cp~~
a5 XXXV
R4 5
Rtt Rtt
Het ~ ~ ~ ( ~~n~,( ~p~CO H
R Re R'/t~Rt t
30 28
20'~~~'~;3
306/GL135 - 40 - 18567IA
Method. 6
Hydrazine .~ may also be transformed directly
to unsubstituted indoles by a Fischer reaction with
various ketones like XXXI. N-Alkylation of the
indoles is effected using the conditions described in
Method 3 to produce hetmethoxyindole alkanoate esters
2~. Such esters are transformed to ketones or
carbinols via Grignard conditions using alkyl
magnesium halides in ether solvents like diethyl
ether or through the use of lithium aluminum hydride
in ether solvents like THF. The carbinols 27 so
produced may be further transformed into ester
compounds of the present invention by reacting with
halo esters ~ using sodium hydride as base ~in a
suitable solvent like THF. Subsequent hydrolysis of
the esters leads to acid compounds ~8 of the present
invention.
25
~~~~~e~
306/GL135 - 41 - 18567IA
-CH20H
Li A1H4
S(O~C12 R1øS(O~zNHa
-COZR~ ~ ~ 2 --" -COC1 -CONKS( O) 2814
R =H
' R" Hal 1 ~
base R OH R»R15~
R12= H
bas a
-CO2R1~ -CONR15R1s
dehydrat e/P205
R1 g-R1 s=H
-CN
Na N3
~N~
N
N°N
1 H- or 2H-tetrazol-5-yl
306/GL135 - 42 - 18567IA
Method 7
The preparation of the various definitions of
Q is outlined in Method 7, starting from the readily
available carboxylic acid derivative -C02R12,
It will be obvious to one skilled in the art that many
of the reactions indicated are reversible. Thus,
by way of illustration, the -CN group can serve as the
starting material to prepare the amide and carboxylic
acid functional groups. The reactions depicted in
Method 7, as well as methods for synthesis
of the sulfonamide group (-S(0~2NHR15), are well-known
in the art. See, for instance, the following textbooks:
1. J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed., J.
Wiley and Sons, Toronto, 1985;
2. S.R. Sandler and W. Karo, OTEaniC Functional Group
Preparations. I & II, Academic Press, Toronto, 1983
and 1986.
Representative Compounds
Table I illustrates compounds representative
of the present invention.
30
~~~~J~~
306/GL135 - 43 - 18567IA
TAB LE I
R5
S
R' RZ-Ar-?C4
~~ CH2-Y-(CR11 R~ ~~p_Q
N
RB I a
Ex Ri/R? Ar x4 R5 R8 Y-(CR11R11)P Q
No.
i H/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 S-.t-8uCH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
1 5 5-OMe/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 S-t-Bu CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
2
3 5-Ph/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 Me CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
4~ 6-Ph/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 Me CH2Ph-4-C1C(He)2C02H
5 3,5-Me2/4-OMepyrid-2-yiCH20 S-t-Bu CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
6 H/H pyrazin-2-ylCH2S Me CH2Ph-3-FC(Me)2CONH
1
S(0)2Me
7 5-Cl/H pyrimidin-2-ylCH2CH2COCH2-t-BuCH2Ph-4--CNC(Me)2CHOHMe
8 1-Me/bY imidazol-2-ylCH20 CH2-t-BuCH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
9 1-Me/H imidazol-4-ylCH20 CH2-t-BuCH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
10 6-C1/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 S-t-Bu CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
2 5 H/H pyrazin-2-ylCH20 S-t-Bu CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
11
12 H/H pyrid-3-ylCH20 S-t-Bu~CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
13 H/H pyrid-4-yiCH20 S-t-Bu CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
14 H/H pyrazin-2-ylCH20 S-t-Su CH2Ph-4-S-t-SuC(Me)2C02H
15 H/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 COCH2-t-BuCH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
16 H/H pyrid-2-ylCH20 H CH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
17 H/H ' pyrid-2-yiCH20 CH2-t-BuCH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
18 H/H pyrid-2-ylCH~O CH2-c-BuCH2Ph-4-C1C(Me)2C02H
306/GL135 - 44 - 18567IA
Compounds of Formula I can be tested using
the following assays to determine their mammalian
leukotriene biosynthesis inhibiting activity.
Rab Peritoneal Pol3rmorphonuclear (PMN) Leukocyte Assa,X
Rats under ether anesthesia are injected
(i.p.) with 8 mL of a suspension of sodium caseinate
1o (6 grams in ~. 50 mL water). After 15-24 hr. the
rats are sacrificed (C02) and the cells from the
peritoneal cavity are recovered by lavage with 20 mL
of buffer (Eagles MEM containing 30 m~ HEPES adjusted
to pH 7.4 with NaOH). The cells are pelleted (350 x
15 g, 5 min.), resuspended in buffer with vigorous
shaking, filtered through lens paper, recentrifuged
and finally suspended in buff er at a concentration of
cells/mL. A 500 mL aliquot of PMN suspension and
test compound are preincubated for 2 minutes at 37°C,
followed by the addition of 10 mM A-23187. The
suspension is stirred for an additional 4 minutes
then bioassayed for LTB4 content by adding an aliquot
to a second 500 mL portion of the PMN at 37°C. The
LTB4 produced in the first incubation causes
aggregation of the second PMN, which is measured as a
change in light transmission. The size of the assay
aliquot is chosen to give a submaximal transmission
change (usually -70%) for the untreated control. The
percentage inhibition of LTB4 formation is calculated
3o from the ratio of transmission change in the sample
to the transmission change in the compound-free
control.
~0'~J3'~~
306/GL135 - 45 - 18567IA
Human Polvmorphonucler~,~~_,(Pj~l~Z~t~j~Qcvte L~,4_.ggsav
A. Preparation of Human PMN. Human blood is
obtained by antecubital venepuncture from consenting
volunteers who have not taken medication within the
previous 7 days. The blood is immediately added to
10% (v/v) trisodium citrate (0.13 M) or 5°/ (v/v)'
sodium heparin (1000 IU/mL). PMNs are isolated from
anticoagulated blood by dextran sedimentation of
erythrocytes followed by centrifugation through
i0 Ficoll-Hypaque (specific gravity 1.077), as described
by Boyum (Scand. J. Clin. Lab.~Invest., ~ (_Suuu.
~7 , 77(1968)). Contaminating erythrocytes are
removed by lysis following exposure to ammonium
chloride (0.16 M) in Tris buffer (pH 7.65), and the
PMNs resuspended at 5 x 105 cells/mL in HEPES (15
mM)-buffered Hanks balanced salt solution containing
Ca2+ (1.4 mM) and Mg2+ (0.7 mM), pH 7.4. Viability
is assessed by Trypan blue exclusion.
B. Generation and Radioimmunoassay of LTB4.
PMNs (0.5 mL; 2.5 x 105 cells) are placed in plastic
tubes and incubated (37°C, 2 min) with test compounds
at the desired concentration or vehicle (DMSO, final
concentration 0.2%) as control. The synthesis of
LTB4 is initiated by the addition of calcium
ionophore A23187 (final concentration 10 mM) or
vehicle in control samples and allowed to proceed for
5 minutes at 37°C. The reactions are then terminated
by the addition of cold methanol (0.25 mL) and
samples of the entire PMN reaction mixture removed
for radioimmunoassay of LTB4.
207J37~3
306/GL135 - 46 - 18567IA
Samples (50 mL) of authentic LTB4 of known
concentration in radioimmunoaesay buffer (RIA) buffer
(potassium phosphate 1 mM; disodium EDTA 0.1 mM;
Thimerosal 0.025 mM; gelatin 0.1%, pH 7.3) or PMN
reaction mixture diluted 1:1 with RIA buffer are
added to reaction tubes. Thereafter, [3H]-LTB4 (10
nCi in 100 mL RIA buff er) and LTB4-antiserum (100 mL
of a 1:3000 dilution in RIA buffer) are added and the
tubes vortexed. Reactants are allowed to equilibrate
by incubation overnight at 4°C. To separate
antibody-bound from free LTB4, aliquots <50 mL) of
activated charcoal (3% activated charcoal in RIA
buffer containing 0.25% Dextran T-70) are added, the
tubes vortexed, and allowed to stand at room
temperature for 10 minutes prior to centrifugation
(1500 x g; 10 min; 4°C). The supernatants containing
antibody-hound LTB4 are decanted into vials and
Aquasol 2 (4 mL) added. Radioactivity is quantified
by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The
specificity~of the antiserum and the sensitivity of
the procedure have been described by Rokach ~ ~.
(Prostaglandins Leukotrienes arid Medicine, 1984, ~,
21.) The amount of LTB4 produced in test and control
(approx. 20 ng/106 cells) samples is calculated.
Inhibitory dose-response curves are constructed using
a four-parameter algorithm and from these the IC50
values are determined.
Asthmatic Rat Assy
Rats are obtained from an inbred line of
asthmatic rats. Both female (190-250 g) and male
(260-400 g) rats are used.
CA 02079373 2002-10-15
306/GL135 - 47 - 18567IA
Egg albumin (EA), grade V, crystallized and
lyophilized, is obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., St.
Louis. Aluminum hydroxide is obtained from the Regis
Chemical Company, Chicago. Methysergide bimaleate is
supplied by Sandoz Ltd., Basel.
The challenge and subsequent respiratory
recordings are carried out in a clear plastic box
with internal dimensions lOx6x4 inches. The top of
the box is removable; in use, it is held firmly in
place by four clamps and an airtight seal is
maintained by a soft rubber gasket. Through the
center of each end of the chamber a DeVilbissTM
nebulizer (No. 40) is inserted via an airtight seal
and each end of the box also has an outlet. A
Fleisch No. 0000 pneumotachograph is inserted into
one end of the box and coupled to a Grass volumetric
pressure transducer (PT5-A) which is then connected
to a Beckman Type R Dynograph through appropriate
couplers. While aerosolizing the antigen, the
outlets are open and the pneumotachograph is isolated
from the chamber. The outlets are closed and the
pneumotachograph and the chamber are connected during
the recording of the respiratory patterns. For
challenge, 2 mL of a 3% solution of antigen in saline
is placed into each nebulizer and the aerosol is
generated with air from a small Potter diaphragm pump
operating at 10 psi and a flow of 8 liters/minute.
Rats are sensitized by injecting
<subcutaneously) 1 mL of a suspension containing 1 mg
EA and 200 mg aluminum hydroxide in saline. They are
CA 02079373 2002-10-15
306/GL135 - 48 - 18567IA
used between days 12 and 24 postsensitization. In
order to eliminate the serotonin component of the
response, rats are pretreated intravenously 5 minutes
prior to aerosol challenge with 3.0 mgm/kg of
methysergide. Rats are then exposed to an aerosol of
3% EA in saline f or exactly 1 minute, then their
respiratory profiles are recorded for a further 30
minutes. The duration of continuous dyspnea is
measured from the respiratory recordings.
l0 Compounds are generally administered either
orally 1-4 hours prior to challenge or intravenously
2 minutes prior to challenge. Thev are either
dissolved in saline or 1% methocelMor suspended in 1%
methocelTM. The volume injected is 1 mL/kg
(intravenously) or 10 mL/kg (orally). Prior to oral
treatment rats are starved overnight. Their activity
is determined in terms of their ability to decrease
the duration of symptoms of dyspnea in comparison
with a group of vehicle-treated controls. Usually, a
compound is evaluated at a series of doses and an
ED50 is determined. This is defined as the dose
<mg/kg~ which would inhibit the duration of symptoms
by 50%.
The invention is further defined by
reference to the following examples, which are
intended to be illustrative and not limiting. All
temperatures are in degrees Celsius.
~0~~~7~~
306/GL135 - 49 - 18567IA
Preparation l: Methyl 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-
5-hydroxy-indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-
proganoate
To a solution of 1.05 g (2.7 mmol) of
3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-methoxyindol-2-yl]-
2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid (EP 166,591, Example 22)
and 800 ~L of ethanethiol (10 mmol) in 20 mL of
CH2C12 at -20°C was added in portions 2.17 g (16
. mmol) of A1C13. The reaction turned light orange and
was stirred at room temperature overnight. In the
morning, the reaction was Completed (tlc) and it was
poured into a solution of 1N HC1 and extracted 3x
with CH2C12. The combined organic layers Were washed
with brine, dried (MgS04), and filtered. The
filtrate Was evaporated and to the residual syrup
(680 mg) was added 20 mL of Et20 followed by an
ethereal solution of diazomethane. Evaporation of
the solvent left the crude title compound which was
used without further purification.
1H NMR '(250 MHz, CDC13): 8 7.3-7.15 (m, 3H, aromatic);
6.96 (m, 1H, aromatic): 6.70 (m, 3H, aromatic); 5.34
(s, 2H, N-CH2); 4.8-4.5 (M, 1H, -OH); 3.76 (s, 3H,
-C02Me); 3.12 (s, 2H, 2-CH2); 2.40 (S, 3H, 3-Me);
1.44 (s, 6H, C(Me)2).
Preparation 2: Methyl 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-
butylthio)-5-hydroxyindol-2-yl]-
~.2 met ylvropano~tQ'
The title compound was prepared as described
in EP 419,049, Example 1, Step C.
2U'~9~3'~~~
306/GL135 - 50 - 18567IA
Preparation 3: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-
5-hydroxyindol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-
propanoic acid
To a mixture of LiH (12.6 g) and HMPA (105
mL) in DMF (1050 mL) at 0°C was added 2-methyl-2-
propanethiol (178 mL). The mixture was stirred at
room temperature for 30 min, then 3-[1-(4-chloro-
benzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-methoxyindol-2-yl]-2,2-
dimethylpropanoic acid methyl ester (150 g) (EP
419,049, Example 1, Step A) in DMF (450 mL) was added
slowly. The mixture was slowly heated to 150°C and
kept at that temperature for 18 hours. After cooling
to room temperature, the supernatant layer was
decanted and the residue dissolved in H20 and
acidifed With 1N HCI, extracted twice with Et20,
washed twice with brine, dried over MgS04, filtered
and evaporated to dryness to provide the title
compound.
Preparation 4: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-
5-hydroxyindol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-
~~ropanoic acid allvl ester
The compound from Preparation 3 (150 g) was
dissolved in DMF (1.2 L) then the solution was cooled
in an ice-water bath. To this solution was added
K2C03 (138 g) portionwise and the mixture was left to
stir for 30 min. Then a11y1 bromide (162 g) was
added, the ice bath removed, and the mixture stirred
for 18 hours. To the mixture was added aqueous NH4C1
3o and it was extracted with Et20. The organic layer
was washed with H20 and brine, dried over MgS04,
filtered, and evaporated to dryness. Purification by
silica get chromatography afforded the title
compound; m.p. 150-151°C.
zo~~~t~~~
306/GL135 - 51 - 18567IA
3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(pyridin-
2~v~methyoxv)indol-211-2,2-dimeth,~l_gropanQic acid
Step 1: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-
(pyridin-2-ylmethyoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-di-
m~yl~ro~~oic acid allvl ester
The compound from Preparation 4 (150 mg),
Cs2C03 (202 mg), and 2-picolyl chloride (~7 mg) were
heated at 65°C f or 4 hours in a mixture of DMF (3 mL)
and CH3CN (3 mL). After cooling to room temperature,
H20 was added to the mixture which was then extracted
twice with EtOAc. The organic extract was then
washed twice with brine, dried over MgS04, filtered,
and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified
by silica gel chromatography using 25% EtOAc in
hexane as eluent to afford the title compound which
was used as such in the next step.
~t~p Z: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-
(pyridin-2-ylmethyoxy)indol-2-y1]-2,2-di-
meth~~lprop~noic acid
The compound from Step 1 (133 mg) was
dissolved in THF (5 mL), MeOH (3 mL), and 1N LiOH
(1.2 mL) and heated at 55°C for 1 hour. After
cooling to room temperature, the mixture was
acidified with 1N HC1 and extracted with EtOAc. The
organic layer was washed With brine, dried over
MgS04, filtered, and evaporated to dryness. The
residue Was swished in ether/hexane, affording the
title compound as a white solid, m.p. 186.2-187.7°C.
Analysis: Calc'd: C, 67.08; H, 6.19; N, 5.22
Found: C, 66.63; H, 6.16; N, 5.13.
2~'~93'~3
306/GL135 - 52 - 18567IA
3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(5-methoxy-
pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic
~c i~
Step 1: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(5-
methoxypyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-
dimethvlpropanoic acid methyl ester
Following the same procedure as in Example
1, Step 1, but substituting 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl-3-
(t-butylthio)-5-hydroxyindol-2-y1]-2,2-dimethyl-
propanoic acid methyl ester (Preparation 2) for
3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl-3-(t-butylthio)-5-hydroxyindol-
2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid allyl ester and
5-methoxy-2-picolyl chloride for 2-picolylchloride
gave the title compound as a white solid.
Steg 2: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(5
~ methoxypyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-y1]-2,2
d imeth3~l~~pano i c ac i d
Following the same procedure as Example 1,
Step 2, but using 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butyl-
thio)-5-(5-methoxypyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yi]-
2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid methyl ester (Step 1) as
starting material afforded the title compound as a
white solid.
1H NMR (250 MHz, CDC13): 8 1.20 (s, 9H); 1.23 (s,
6H); 3.30 (s, 2H); 3.88 (s, 3H); 5.19 (s, 2H); 5.35
(s, 2H); 6.7-7.5 (m, 9H); 8.33 (d, 1H).
~~~~J~~
306/GL135 - 53 - 18567IA
3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-(5-phenylpyridin-2-
ylmethoxv)indol-2 ~~1]-2.2-dimeth~propanoic acid
Step 1: Methyl 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-
(5-phenylpyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-
2.2-dimethylpropanoate acid
A solution of methyl 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)
3-methyl-5-hydroxyindol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanoate
- (180 mg) (Preparation 1), 5-phenyl-2-picolyl bromide
(138 mg), K2C03 <84 mg) and Cs2C03 (30 mg) in DMF (5
mL) wase stirred at r.t. under nitrogen for 48
hours. The mixture was poured onto 1N HCL, extracted
2x EtOAc, washed Zx brine, dried (MgS04), and
evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by
column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc 5:1 then 1:1) to
give the title compound.
Step 2: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-(5-phenyl-
pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-
propanc~ic acid
A solution of the ester (173 mg), from Step
1, in 2 mL THF, 2 mL MeOH, and 1 mL 1N LiOH was
heated to 80°C under nitrogen for 16 hours. The
solution was cooled, poured onto 1N HCI, extracted 2x
EtOAc, washed 2x brine, dried (MgS04), and
evaporated. The residue was chromatographed on
silica gel (eluting with hexane/EtOAc 1:2) to give
3o the title compound as a solid; m.p. 177-179°C.
~07~~~~~
306/GL135 - 54 - 18567IA
EXAMPLE 4
3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-methyl-5-(6-phenylpyridin-2-
ylmethoxv)indol-2-vll-2.2-dimeth3rlpro~anoic acid
Following the procedure described in Example
3, Steps 1-2, but substituting 6-phenyl-2-picolyl
chloride for S-phenyl-2-picolyl bromide, the title
compound was obtained as a solid; m.p. 137-139°C.
Anal. for C33H38N204SC1Na~2820
Calc'd C: 60.67; H: 6.48; N: 4.29.
Found C: 61.04; H: 6.22; N: 4.32.
m.p. - 209-211°C.
3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-(pyrazin-2-
ylmethoxv)indol-~-' 1r 1=2.2-dimeth~gropanoic acid
methvluvrazin
To a solution of 2-methylpyrazine (4.7 g) in
carbon tetrachloride (200 mL) were added N-chloro-
succinimide (8 g) and benzoyl peroxide (0.6 g). The
mixture Was brought to reflex with two 150-watt
spotlights and irradiated for 4.5 hours. The. mixture
was then cooled to room temperature, evaporated to
306/GL135 - 55 - 18567IA
dryness, and chromatographed on f lash silica gel
using a mixture of ethyl acetate:toluene (1:4) as
eluant to give the title compound as an oil, which
was stored at 78°C as a solid.
1H NMR (Ace-d6): 8 4.8 (2H, s), 8.6 (2H, s), 8.8 (1H,
s).
Stp,~p 2: Methyl 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butyl-
thio)-5-(pyrazin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-yl]-
2 .2-dimethyl~rop~noate
To a solution of 3-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-
(t-butylthio)-5-hydroxyindol-2-ylJ-2,2-dimethyl
propanoate (EP 419,049, March 27, 1991, Example 1,
Step C) (422 mg) in acetonitrile (5 mL) were added
solid Cs2C03 (456 mg) and 2-chloromethylpyrazine (117
mg) from Step 1. The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was poured
into 25% aqueous ammonium acetate (50 mL), extracted
With ethyl acetate (2x 50 mL), washed with brine (50
mL), dried (MgS04), and evaporated to dryness. The
residue was chromatographed on flash silica gel using
ethyl acetate:toluene (15:85) as eluant to give the
title.compound as a white solid: m.p. 141-142°C.
Step 3: 3-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-3-(t-butylthio)-5-
(pyrazin-2-ylmethoxy)indol-2-y1]-2,2-
dimeth ~ropanoic acid
The compound from Step 2 (416 mg) was
hydrolysed by dissolving it in THF (4 mL), MeOH (2
3o mL), and 2N LiOH (1.5 mL). The solution was heated
at 70°C~for 5 hours. The mixture was cooled to room
20~~~~~
306/GL135 - 56 - 18567TH
temperature, diluted with H20 (50 mL), acidified with
glacial acetic acid to pH 5, and diluted with 25%
aqueous ammonium acetate (50 mL). The mixture was
extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL), washed with
brine (50 mL), dried (MgS04), and evaporated to
dryness to provide the title compound as a white
solid; m.p. 173-175°C.
m.p. = 203-204°C.
m.p, - 238-240°C.
m.p. - 180-181°C.
m.p. - 194-196°C.
EXAMPLE 12
EXAMPLE 14
EXAMPLE 16
m.p. - 137-139°C.
