Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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INHIBITOR FOR ABSORPTION O~ DICESTED t~ND
DECOMPOSED PRODUCTS OF ~OOD AND DRII~K
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Field of the Invention
S The present invention relates to an inhibitor for
absorption of digested and decomposed products of food and
drink, which is useful for prevention of fatness, palliation
of hyperlipemia, palliation of diabetes, prevention of
constipation and palliation of hypohepatia. The "digested
and decomposed products of food and drink" as referred to
herein include not only nutriments of direct products by
digestion and decomposition of food and drink but also
metabolites of indirect products by the same.
Prior Art
Except the past food-shortage days of our country
or the countries of still now suffering from starvation,
the harmful effects due to superingestion of nutriments
have always involved difficult problems which could hardly
be solved by people. Needless to say, theY causes various
problems for health and beauty of people. This is because,
~ although anyone could understand the problems on the desk,
- ~ the most simple and sure diet could not be carried out
easily. The troublesome conditions to be caused by
superingestion of nutriments include various adult diseases
such as fatness, hyperlipemia, arteriosclerosis, cardiac
disorders and diabetes, as well as hypohepatia.
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Accordingly, various and uncountable means have
heretofore been proposed and carrled out as felk medicine
(mostly for the purpose of prevention o~ fatness o~ women).
Various services for prevention of fatness have actually been
commercialized. However, in the applicant's experiences,
any means for sure, safe and effective prevention of fatness
which may be carried and with ease is unknown up to the
present.
On the other hand, from the medical viewpoint,
various medicines have been sold commerciallY in the West,
such as anfetamin, fenfuramin, faseolamin and madindol.
However, all of them act directly or indirectly on the
feeding center or the satiety center in the hYpothalamus
of the brain. Accordingly, they often involve various
harmful side effects such as habituation, hyperpsychosis,
sleeplessness and hydrodipsia. The potency of them often
~: lowers due to continuous taking.
In order to overcome the problems, the present
inventor has already proposed a coagulant, for example,
a means of inhibiting absorption o* digested and decomposed
products of food and drink, which comprises sodium
polyacrylate pills coated with an aqueous enteric coating
film (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-120227).
These form flocs of digested and decomposed products
25~ Of food and drink in intestines due to the coagulating and
crosslinking effect of them, whereby the enteric absorption
of the products is inhibited, and these are characterized
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in that the effect is extremely noticeable and the safety
is high.
As everything is so, the best daily life style is
such that the daily routine may naturally be per-formed in
one's natural daily life. This is because, if anyone make
up one's mind to do anything with particular preparedness,
he(she) would often fail in it, as so said that anyone is
often to be a person who cannot stick to anyone particular.
The same shall apply to the use of the preceding means
of inhibiting absorption of digested and decomposed products
of food and drink, and the means is desired to be such that
anyone may naturally take it in one's daily dietary habits.
The general form of the means of satisfYing the request is
a form like a healthy drink, or that is, the means is in
the form of a "drinkable formulation." If the means is in
the form of granules or tablets, such would involve an image
of a medicine, willy-nilly, so that the intake of them in
the public or at meals would be difficult. Apart from the
outward appearance of them, it is actually impossible to
take such granules or tablets into a mouth along with food
to crunch them therein. As a result, they would have to be
~' taken after the meal. In particular, when one takes a meal
along with other persons, he(she) would often forget to take
the means of such granules or tablets later on.
If the means is in the form of a drinkable
formulation, it would be free ~rom the problems. This is.
because, the means of such a drinkable formulation may easily
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be taken at meals, as if one takes water, soup, tea, beer,
Juice or the like,
However, the conventional coagulant, especlallY sodium
polyacrylate which is a preferred coagulant displaYs a strong
viscosity even when a small amount of it is added to water,
as is obvious from the fact that addition of it to food as
a tackifier is admitted. Therefore, when the coagulant of
sodium polyacrylate is directly put in the mouth; then it
adheres to everywhere in the mouth to give an extremely
unpleasant feeling. The unpleasant feeling is drastic and
often lasts for a long period of time (generally, about one
hour),
Because of the reasons, it has heretofore been
impossible to realize a means of inhibiting absorption
of digested and decomposed products of food and drink as
a drinkable form,
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
Under further investigation of the problems, the
present invention has been made so as to further elevate
and lmprove the effect of the means, The object of the
present invention is therefore to provide a means of
lnhibiti~ng absorption of digested and decomposed products
of food and drink which may be drunk even at means as a drink
and also to provide a means of inhibiting fatness. a means
of palliating hyperlipemia, a means of palliating diabetes,
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a means of preventing constipation and a means o~ palliating
hypohepatia.
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In order to a~tain the preceding ob~ect, the means of
the present inventlon of inhibiting absorption of digested
and deco~posed products of food and drink is characterized
by containing sodium polyacrylate in an acidic aqueous liquid
as an active ingredient.
BRIEF EXPL~NATION_OF THE DRAWINGS:
~ ig. 1 is a linear drawin~ to show the variation o~
the serum leucine aminopeptidase due to intake of the drlnk
means of the present invention.
10 Fig. 2 is a linear drawing to show the variation of
the serum choline esterase due to intake o~ the drink means
o~ the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a linear drawing to show the variation o~
the serum triglyceride due to intake o~ the drink means o~
the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a linear drawing to show the variation of
the total serum cholesterol due to intake of the drink means
of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a linear drawing to show the variation of
the serum beta-lipoprotein due to intake of the drink means
of the present invention.
DETAI~ED D~SCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The acidic aqueous liquid of the present invention
may be anyone which is acidic and which is drinkable by
:~ 25 human beings and animals. It may be one to be prepared by
dissolving any particular chemical or industrial products in
water or may also be an acidic one which is used as food or
drink.
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For instance, generally mentioned are an aqueous
solution of ascorblc acid, cltric acid, acetic acid or the
like, a diluted solution o~ edible vinegar o~ various kinds,
and juices of citrus -fruits of lemon, orange and the like.
The acidity of the liquid is to have a pH of 5 or
less, preferably from 2.5 to ~.5. Where it has the determined
acidity, from 2 to 3 g of sodium polyacrYlate may dissolve in
100 ml of the acidic solution to still maintain à sufficient
fluidity for drink. In the case, the resulting solution may
have a viscosity of approximately from 0.3 to 0.6 polse, as
measured with a viscometer.
The intake may be approximately from 0.05 to 0.1
g/day/adult to generally display the effect. Therefore, when
the solution has a concentration of from 2 to 3 g/100 ml,
then the intake of only from 1.7 to 5.0 ml/daY is sufficient.
The stock solution may further be diluted for drinkin~.
As mentioned above, a drinkable means suitable as
an ordinary drink ls realized by the present invention.
Actual performance of the present invention includes
~;~ 20 two types, one being to take a small amount of the solution
of havlng such a high concentration and the other being to
take a~satisfactory large amount of a diluted solution having
a lowered concentration. As a further developed and
preferred drinkable embodiment of the present invention,
also employable is a form of a toned drink, such as a honey
lemon drink or the like, which is drinkable as it is.
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For instance, as shown In the -following example,
employable is an a~ueous solution contalning 1000 mg of
ascorbic acid per 100 ml of water. The solution of the
case has a pH value of about 2.8 and gives a somewhat acidic
taste. Addition of some sweetness thereto is especially
preferred, as giving a refreshing taste like a so-called
sports drink.
Needless to say, the gastric liquid is acidic.
Therefore, after drunk, the drink means of the present
invention maintains the acidic condition, like that before
drunk, still in the inside of the stomach, especially in the
gastric first region and second region (the cardiac part and
body part of stomach). The sodium polyacrylate of the means
is therefore dispersed in and blended with the food in the
stomach as a solution thereof.
As previously mentioned, the present inventor has
already developed various means of inhibiting digested
and decomposed products of food and drink, prior to the
present invention, by coating a coagulant such as sodium
polyacrylate or the like with an aqueous enteric coating
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film or by encapsulating it into enteric capsules in order
that the enteric coated granules, pills or capsules (hard
capsules or soft capsules) may be dispersed in and blended
~; wIth the food in the stomach after administered.
Being dlfferent from the previously developed means,
the drink me:ans of the present invention already contains
sodium polyacrylate in an aqueous liquid before it is drunk,
and the aqueous liquid condition of the means is stil.l
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maintained also in the stomach, after drunk, with it being
blended with and dispersed in the food and drink in the
stomach, whereupon the sodium polyacrylate is then petrissa~e
into the details of the food due to the strong petrified
action of the stomach to the result that the coagulating
effect of the sodium polyacrylate is elevated further more.
As a result, when the same intake of the means of the present
invention as that of the means of the prior art is taken, the
effect of the former is larger than the latter. Accordingly,
if the effect of the same degree is intended to be attained,
the intake of the drink means of the present invention may
be reduced much.
Though not considered due to only the effect in the
stomach, the drink means of the present invention has been
lS found to attain almost the same effect in the intake of
approximately from 1/10 to 1/40 of the preceding conventional
means of inhibiting absorption of digested and decomposed
products of food and drink.
Digestion and decomposition of food further progress
from the gastric third region (pylorus area) to the upper
region of the small intestine (from duodenum to jejunum)
in such a way that the food is digested and decomposed to
the molecules and simultaneously absorbed. In the said
regions and the subsequent regions, the digested and
~; 25 decomposed products of food and drink are coagulated by
~ sodium polyacrylate. Since sodium polYacrylate has alreadY
;~ been dispersed in the digested and decomposed products of
~ food and drink as a solution thereof, in taking the drink
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means of the present invention, formation of coa~ulated ~locs
of the digested and decomposed products of ~ood and drink is
effected more efficiently.
When the conventional means of inhibiting absorption
o~ the digested and decomposed products of food and drink
is taken, then the aqueous gastric coating film of coating
the active ingredient of sodium polyacrylate is dissolved
in the area of from the gastric third region to the upper
region of the small intestine so that the liberated active
ingredient may coagulate the digested and decomposed products
of food and drink in the subsequent area after the regions.
However, the active ingredient of sodium polyacrylate itself
would often form large solid masses in the stomach to hardly
attain the necessary dispersion and admixture of it with the
food and, as a result, formation of sufficient food flocs is
often impossible to lower the effect of the ingredient. The
reason may be presumed because water would penetrate into
the liberated pills or granules, after the aqueous enteric
coating film of coating them has been dissolved but before
the pills or granules could sufficiently be dispersed, to
give coagulated masses essentially composed of sodium
polyacrylate and, as a result, the non-dispersed masses would
directly pass through the intestinal tubes as they are.
Anyhow, since the drink means of the present invention
is in the form of a liquid and additionally the liquid may
maintain the acidic cond~tion still in the stomach of
displaying a high stirring activity, it may ~e dispersed in
and blended with even the details of food and drink and also
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those o~ the digested and decomposed products of them much
more than the conventional means and, as a result, it may
display much more elevated coagulating effect and absorption-
inhibiting effect than the latter.
The coagulate forms masses and flocs essentially due
to the crosslinking between the digested and decomposed
products of food and drink and sodium polyacrylate and the
surfaces of the masses and flocs are pasty or puipy (like
molten potato starch). Accordingly, the coagulate of the
form is prevented from being absorbed from the walls of the
intestines, when it moves small intestines, especlally ln
the jejunum which is the essential site of absorbing it. As
a result, absorption of the digested and decomposed products
of food and drink as taken into a body may be inhibited in
the determined amount corresponding to the amount of the
drink means of the present invention as also taken into the
same, while they are discharged out of the body as feces.
The coagulate includes various products (nutriments)
resulting from digestion and decomposition of food and drink,
20~ such as lipids, hydrocarbon and others. AccordinglY, the
drink means of the present invention of inhibiting absorption
of them acts also as a means of preventing fatness.
Since the surface of the coagulate is pasty or pulpy
(llke molten potato starch) and such is blended in the food
25 ~ residue or feces, the resulting blend may smoothly pass
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through the intestines. Therefore, it does not cause
disorder of the membranes of the lntestinal walls but
it rather obviously displays an effect of promoting the
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evacuation of the bowels so that it is also e~fective as
a means of preventing constipation.
From the test results of the following example, the
drink means of the present invention is noted to also display
the effect of palliating hypohepatia, in view of the indices
of the blood lipids as well as the leucine aminopeptidase.
choline esterase and others. From them, the drink means of
the present invention is expected to be also e~fective as
a means of palliating hypohepatia.
The drink means of the present invention may be
blended with dietary fibers, chitin, chitosan and others,
whereby the effects of it may be improved further.
As explained in the above, the drink means of the
present invention contains sodium polyacrylate, as an active
ingredient, in an acidic aqueous liquid and display the same
property as ordinary drinks. Therefore, belng different
from the conventional means, it may be taken at meals light-
heartedly with ease.
As being a liquid, the drink means of the present
invention may well be penetrated and dispersed into the
details of food in the stomach to the result that it may
display the same effect as the conventional means even when
taken in a much smaller amount than the latter.
To prepare the conventional means, coating of
an aqueous enteric coating film over powder or granules
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of sodium polyacrylate is necessary. However, such coating
is very complicated. For instance, a material of the aqueous
enteric Foating film, such as hYdroxYProPYlmethyl cellulose
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acetate succinate, may be dissolved only ln a highly
inflammable and toxic solvent such as acetone; and the
material is sprayed and dried over granules of sodium
polyacrylate. Such treatment needs much expensive facilities
and manY steps to the result that the cost of the coated
granules is inevitably high.
Contrary to this, the drink means of the present
invention may well be prepared only by adding sodium
polyacrYlate into an acidic aqueous liquid followed by
blending them. Thus, it may be prepared extremelY easily
at a low cost.
Next, the present invention will be explained in more
detail by way of the following examples, which, however, are
not intended to restrict the scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE
Pre~aration of Drink Means:
1000 mg of ascorbic acid was dissolved in 100 ml
of a so-called sports drink-like toned aqueous liquid as
prepared by adding an electrolyte to water along with some
flavorings, to yield an acidic aqueous liquid. This had
an aciditY of pH 2.8 and gave an acidic taste.
0.05 g of sodium polyacrylate was dissolved in 100 ml
of the liquid to prepare a drink means.
Before and after addition of sodium polyacrylate,
the liquid had no noticeable change in the viscosity and
the fluidity. (The viscosity was about 0.02 poise a-t 20~C.)
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Test of_Drlnk Means:
The conditions of testing the drink means thus
prepared are as follows:
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Test Period: Four months from July to October, 1991
How to take the drink means:
They took lOO ml of the drink means each at their
lunch and supper meals (corresponding to about 0.1 g/day
of-sodium polyacrylate).
The contents of their meals were not specifically
defined and they continued their own ordinarY dietary habits
during the test.
How to obtain the test data:
All the panelists were subjected to general blood
examination and biochemical examination of about 40 items,
before the test and at every one month after initiation of
the test, whereupon the variation of the condition of each
of them was checked continuously.
From the test results, noticeable depression of the
leucine aminopeptidase, choline esterase, triglyceride, whole
cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein in the serum was admitted
in all the panelists. The test data are shown in Fig. 1 to
Fig. 5, in which each line graph indicates the variation of
the tested item of each panelist tested. As is noted
therefrom, depresslon of all the tested components in the
serum is significant in every panelist. Thus. the effect
of taking the drink means was demonstrated by the test.
Naturally, the total cholesterol is to gradually
lower in three~months to a half year or to one year. In the
present test, depression of the value was obvious in four
(A, B, D, F) of all the six panelists. The effect of the
drlnk means was veriiied also in this point.
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The variation of the weigh~ of each panellst was as
follows:
Variation of Weight:
During the test, the condition of each panelist of
evacuating the bowels (the number of evacuating the bowels,
the amount of the discharged feces, the appearance of the
discharged feces, and the condition in evacuating the bowels,
etc.) as well as the variation of the subjective symptoms
of each panelist during the test period of four months of
taking the drink means of the example were recorded every
day. Before the test, all the panelists were in the habit of
being constipated. From 3 days to one week after initiation
of the test of taking the drink means, all became to evacuate
the bowels once to three times a day. Both the solidness of
lS the discharged feces and the condition thereof were good.
In addition, it was also observed that the color of
the discharged feces changed to a clear bile color in every
panelist. This means that the drink means of the present
invention coagulated the bile and bile acid in the tested
panelist to discharge them out of the body. Bile acid is
formed essentially from the blood lipids and is again
absorbed in the jejunum. Due to inhibition of the absorption
of the bile acid in the jejunum, the metabolism of fats in
the body is thereby promoted. In this point, the drink means
of the present invention is noted to have still other effects
of palliating hyperlipemia and of palliating hypohepatia.
