Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~93738
Back~Q~nd .
Cornpositions containing particulates are often admixed with liquid
compositions for application purpos~s. This broad op~ration includes
mixing of powders in the household to making medical solutions to other
applications such as on-site preparation of solutions in industrial or
agricultural applications. Examples, without limltations, range from
mixing flour with water in baking to making herbicidal or fungicidal
agricultural compositions for field spraying or other distributing m ethods.
One parameter of such operations is the time that it takes for the
particulates to become wetted (i.e. "wetting time" or "wet-out time") to
permit dispersion or dissolution of the particulates in a liquid
application medium. "Wetting time" or "wet-out time" can be designated
as the time for a known weight of solids poured on top of water in a
container to completely submerge below the surface of the water. The
wetting time can have a major impact on the time of op~rations, delays
associate therewith, the degree of completion of dissolution or dispersion
and the effectiveness of the applied composition as a result of incompl~ta
dissolution or dispersion.
There continues to be a need for new and/or improved compositions
or methods to imprnve the wetting time of particulates.
Summary of the InventiQn
New and improved compositions cornprising particulates and an
effective arnount of one or more salt(s) to increase the penetration rate of
liquid into the particulates relative to the rate of penetration in the
absence of said salt(s) have been discovered. Preferably, the increase in
the rate of penetration results in reducing the wetting time and/or the
2~937~
disp0rsion tim~ of said particulates in liquids. Methods for r~ducing th~
wetting time of partioulates in liquids have also been discovered.
Em~odiments Q~the Invention
An ombodiment of tha present inv~ntion is a composition comprising
particulates and an effective amount of one or more ammonium salt(s),
boron salt(s), and/or effeotive metal salt(s) to increase the penetration
rate of liquid into the particulates relative to the rate of penetration in
the absence of said salt(s).
In a preferred embodiment the present invention is a composition
comprising particulates and an effective amount of on0 or more ammonium
salt(s), boron salt(s), and/or effective metal salt(s) to reduce
significantly the wetting time and/or the dispersion tims of said
particulates in liquid relative to said time(s) in the absence of said
salt(s) .
The particulates and liquid in the invention can be any usable
combination of particulates and liquid for an intended utiJity. ~or example,
the particulates could be commercial foodstuff, e.g. powdered milk, flour
etc., ancl the liquid can be water or water-containing solutions (e.g. milk~.
Other combinations include agricultural utilities, such as in-field
forrrlulations of agrochemicals, e.g. herbicides etc., and water. It is not
intended that the present invention is limited to water as the liquid by
these examples.
,
20~373~
Th~ ~ffectiv~ salts usabl~ in the inv~ntion pr~f~rably compris0
ammonium or boron, or one or more metals selected from zinc, manganese,
copper, iron, cobalt, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, strontium, sodium,
barium, tin, load, silver, nick61, and potassium. Such ammonium, boron or
metal moietics ara alternatively referred to as the cation of the salt. The
anionic portion of the salt is preferably a moiety such that the one or
more salt(s) has an anion portion which is S04-2, Cl-l, Br-~ 1, C2H302-l,
CO~2, NO3-~,l()H-1, S-2, P04-3, Al(:)2-l, As03-3, HAsO3-2, H2AsO3-1, As04-3,
HAs04-2, H2As04-1, B407-2, CN-1, P03-3, HP03-2, H2P03-1, HP04-2, H2P04-1,
P207-~, S2O6-2, CilO2-l ~r a mixture thereof.
J~
Tho amount of salt used is that amount which is effective to
increase the penetration rate of liquid into the particulate, preferably a
significant amount of increase. For example, the increase in penetration
rate is such that the wet-out time is about thirty percent less, more
preferably about fifty percent less, even more preferably about seventy-
five percent less, than that without the effective salts. The weight
amount of the salt can range preferably from about 0.1 to about 50 weight
percent, more preferably from about 0.1 to about 10 weigh~ percent1 even
more preferably from about 0.1 to about 6 weight percent, of the total
composition weight. In one preferred embodied composition the amount of
effective salt in the composition is in a weight percent of from about 0.1
percent to about 6 percent and the wet-out time of the composition is
less than about fifty percent of the wet-out time of a comparable
composition having an absence of said salt.
The particular form or nature of the salt can vary and still provide
the benefits of the present invention. For instance, the ona or more
salt(s) can comprise a multiple salt complex. That is, i~ can be' a compiex
2~7~8
of tvvo or mor~ diff~r~nt salts. For exampl~, a multiple salt compl~x can
be represented by the formula 2NaCl CaCI2 or K2CO3~Na2CO3. Ernbodi~d
multiple salt complexes can b~ hydrat~d, such as ZnCI~3ZnQ~5H20 for
example.
Embodiment of the invention can comprise other forms ~f sal~. For
instance, the one or more salt~s~ can compris~ a hydrat~d salt. For
example, the hydrated salt can be CuSO4-H20. The ratio of salt molecules
to water molecules need not be one to one.
The salt ne~d not consist of only one cation in the salt compound.
Accordingly, embodied compositions.can comprise a multiple cation salt.
- One example of a multiple salt is K2Zn(SO4)2. Similarly, the anionic
portion can have multiple anions.
One embodiment of the present invention is wherein the on~ or more
salt(s) comprise a melted salt. A mixture of salts can be melted together
for the melted salt. Examples are 2NaCl CaCI2, Na2SO4 MgSO4, and
2NaCl SrCI2
Without lirniting the scope of the present invention, the following
salts are representative of salts useable:
Zn(C2H302)2-H20 Zn(C2H302)2-2H20 Zn(C2H30)2 CuC12
CuSO4 Cu(NO3)2 MnCl204H2o MnCI2
MnCI2 2H20 ZnS04 ZnSO4-H20 MnSO4
CuCI2 2H20 CuSO4 H20 ZnBr2 Znl2
MnSO4 H20 Mn(NO3)2 . Mn(CHO2)2 FeCI2 '
Mn(C2H302)2 FeCI3 FeCI2~2H20 FeCI2 4H20
FeCl302-5H2o FeCI3 6H20 FeSO4 FeSO4~H20
FeSO4 4H20 Cocl2 CoBr2 BBr3
2093738
CoCI2 2H20 AICI3 AICI3~6H20 AlBr3
Al 13 Al2S3 AICI30S02 AiCI3-5S02
AICI3-5H2S Al2(SO4)3 6H20 Al2(SO4)3~18H20 AICI3-NH3
Al(::13 3NH3 Alt:;13~NH4CI AICI3~5NH3 AICI3-6NH3
AICI3~9NH3 AlCI33/4ZnCl2 AlCI3-AgCI MgCI2
MgCI2-2H2C) Mg(:;12~4H20 MgCI2r6HzO MgBr2
MgSO4 ~,1gSO4-H20 MgSO4-2H20 CaC12
CaCI2 H20 CaCI2 2H20 C;a(NO3)2 CaBr2
Ca(C2H302)2-H20 Cal2 CaS04 Mg l2
Mgso4-4H2o SrO SrC12 SrBr2
SrBr2~H20 SrBr2 2H20 Na20 NaOH
NaOH 1/2H20 NaOH H20 Na2S NaHS2
Na2Se NaPO3 Na2P2Cl7 Na2HPO3
Na2HPO4 Na3HP2O7 Na2CO3 NaCl-AlCI3
3NaCI 2AlCI3 ~H K2CO3 Na2CO3 ZnCI2
K2CO3 2NaCO3 K2CO3-3Na2CO3 K2CO3~4Na2CO3 K2S
2K2CO3-Na2CO3 3K2CO3oNa2CO3 K2CO3-1/2H20 KC2H302
K2Zn(SC)4)2 KCI-AICI3 2KCN-Zn(CN)~ KCI~MgC12
K2SO4-CuSO4 3KC1 2AICI3 3KCI AICI3 2KCI-lh9Cl2
Mn(C2H302)2o4H2o 4KCloMgCI2 K2Mg(SO4)2 2KCl CaCI2
Melted salt mixtures: Na2SO4 MgSO4 2NaClocacl2 2NaCl SrCi2
Other embodiments include compositions wherein the solid
particulates comprise one or mors dithiocarbamat~ oompound(s). In one
2093738
embodiment there is preferred one or more dithiocarbamate compound(s)
which ar~ salectcd from sthylencbisdithiocarbamate m~tal s~lts,
dimethyldithiocarbamate metal salts, propylenebisdithiocarbamate metal
salts, and/or metiram-complex Metiram-cornplex can be named as ~ris
[ammin~-[ethylen bis (dithiocarbamato)] zinc (Il)] ~tetrahydro-1,2,4,7-
dithiadiazocine-3,8-dithione] polymer. In another embodiment, thiram
[e.g. bis (dimethyithio-carbamoyl) disulfide can be used in place of the
dithiocarbamat~ compound. A pref~rred othylenebisdithiocarbamate metal
salt comprises zinc chloride. Also preferred are compositions wherein
the solid particulates comprise N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl~propionamide
(propanil). Such compositions can have applications in agriculturai
operations.
Embodied compositions can additionally comprise a surface active
agent in an amount up to about twenty (20) weight parcent of the total
composition weight, preferably from about 0.1 percent to about 15
percent, more preferably from about 1 percent to about 10 percent.
Preferred sur~ace active agents are, but are not limited to, a group
consisting of WafexTM dispersant, IgepalTM CA 720 surfactant, Igepal CO
630 surfactant, !gepal DM 970 surfactant, BorresperseTM NA ligosulfonate,
AerosolTM OT-70PG surfactant, and SurfynolTM 104 S surfactant.
Also embodied are methods for wetting solid particulates in a liquid
comprising admixing the solid particulates with ons or more ernbodied
salt(s) prior to, comtemporaneous with, or after adding the solid
particulates to a liquid for wetting, dissolution or dispersion. Such
methods can include simple admixing steps or milling of the solid
particulates with the one or more ernbodied salt(s) so as to adfix or
adhere the salt to the surface of the solid particulate.
2~373~
The following examples are intended to illustrate but not limit the
scope of the embodied Invention.
E~E~E~
A comparison of w~tting time was made botwben reyular baking flour
without zinc chloride and with zinc chloride. The samples of flour with
zinc chloride were preparsd by ~irst admixing th~ flour and zinc chloride
powder (98%, A.C.S. reagent, Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc.) before
addition to 100 ml of tap water for timing to wet-out condition. No
stirring was p.erformed after the addition of sample to th~ water. The
following results w~re obtained:
Sample Flour Weight ZnCI2 Weight Wet-Out Time
Nn. ~cam~ (grarr~ _ ~~
5.00 0.30 302
2 5.00 0.30 ~69
3 5.00 0.00 815
4 5.00 0.00 790
2~93738
E~PERIMENT 2
A rnancozeb powder was produced by spray-drying a slurry composed of
the following components:
t~mponent eiçlht PerGent
Maneb Wet-cake~ 65.9
znSO4-7H2O 3.8
Hexamethylenetetramine Stabili~er 1.1
RaaxTM 100M Dispersant 3.3
Water 25.9
~The wet cake prior to admixing is about 55% manganese
ethylenebisdithiocarbamate.
The spray-dried mancozeb powder was separated into two samples,
one sample being dry mixed with zinc chloride in a weight ratio of zinc
chloride:mancozeb = 2:100. Using procedures similar to Experirnent 1, the
following results were observed:
~le W~ut tim~ (Minut~)
without Zn C 12 12 . 0
with ZnC I2 3 5
2093738
PERlMENl 3 J 6:
Samples of mancozeb po~vders which were spray~ dried to a
moisture content of about 6 to about 9 percent watcr by weight ware
produced from slurries comprising admixed 65.9 weight psrc~nt maneb
wet-cake and 1.1 weight parcent hexamethylenetetramine stabilizer as
well as the following components in the r~ported weight percenta~es. The
respective reported wet-out times were obs~rved. Suspenstbility of each
samplc was datermined using the modified WHO method of admixing 2
grams of sample in 250 grams of water in a 250 milliliter cylinder,
inverting thirty times and, after thirty rninutes, collecting the bottom ten
percent, which is then dried and weighed relative to the original 2 grams.
The suspensibility for ~he samples ranged from about 60 to about 80
percent.
Sample ZnS04 ZnCI2 Surface Active Water Wet-Out
l~ln ~I~2Q A~ t__ T~ secs)
1a 3.8 o 3.3d 27.85 779
2 3.8 0.0 2.0b 26.2 280
3 3.8 0.0 2.0b
0.5c(3) 26.7 80
4 3.8 2.0b
0.5C(~ ;.7 73
1 0
2Q9373~
Sample ZnSO4 ZnCI2 Surface Active Water Wet-Out
3.8 0.0 2.0b
O.~c(2) 26.7 51
6 1.9 0.9 2.0b 28.2 . 60
7a 0,0 1.8 3.3d 27.8~ 55
~a 0.0 1 .8 2.9d
0.63e 26.62 28
9 - 1.8 2 9d
1f 27.3 26
0.0 1.3 . 2.0b 29.2 16
Aqent~
a: 0.05 weight percent AntifoamTM C antifoaming agent ~Cvrning] added to
these samples
b: WafexTM dispersant
c: (1) IgepalTM CA 720, (2) Igapal CC) 630, and (3) Igepal DM 970
surfactants ~Rhone Poulenc Company]
d: BorresperseT~' NA liyosulfonate [LignoTech Inc.]
e: AerosolrM OT-70PG surfactant ~American Cyanamid]
f: SurfynolTM 104 S surfactant [Air Products.& Chemicals Company}.
