Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2097~07
HOD OF PRODUCl1`~G G~ASS ~ 'RIALS FROI~. ~SE-S~AG 1.ihST_
Field of bhe InventiDn
~ he present invention relat3s to cDnstructirir ma-
terials, and, p2rticularly, to a method c~ producing
glass materials frDm ash-slai3 waste ~Jaich can alsD l'ind
wide applicatiDn in chsmical industry, in radiD electronics
and ~ther branches of industr~
3ac't;ground D~ the InverluiDn
~nDwa in the art is a ,~e~hod of prDd~cing ialasS ~ S~
terials cDnsist-in~ in that a ch2r~--a inclualn.J~ t : f~ ol.~fin~;
ingredients (wt ,~): 47.6 SiO2, 29.6 .~,l2C-, 15.~ ~2~
4.2 CaO, 0.6 1.--,0, 1.7 ls20, 0.5 1ia20 is be-.,ad !;c a .~.;e1t ;j
pDint ter.lperature and mslted in a gr2?'ait3 crucii~La7 r-~ar~e_
upDn tbe melt Dbtairlsd is slDwl~ cDDled (_.J. ~3tJuire,
S.E. Risbud. Journ2l Df ~ teri,e1s sciance, vo19~ 13 o (1',i~)
. 176~0-17~6 "Cr~7stallisatiotl and ?ro~arti3s Df g1essas
prepared frDm I~linDis coal fly ash.").
he ~nor~-n methDd gives a nDr,-transparenu ~aterial
~ with a large content Df irDn (15 wt ~) which substantially
; 20 reduces the field D~ its applicatipn, particularly, ma~es
; it applicable Dnly in constructiDn industr~ and gui.~e inappli-
cable in Dptical device~.
. EIlDwn in tbe art is a ~thDd Df prepGratiDn D~ ~lass
materials from asa-SlaO waste cDn3isting in that a cbarge
of the -fDllDwing compositiDn ~t ,G~
CaO tDtal 5.0-.41.0
C:aO unbDund . 4.0~13.0
Si02 13.0-75.0
Al203 5.0-26.0
Carbon 1.0-2.0
F~203 1-24
r~go 2.0-6.0
: Na20 0.1-1.0
.. E20 0 . 2-1 . O
~. .
-; 35 S03 0.1-0.6
: ~i2 0,2
~:
. i .
:.. ,.. ,. . - :
-
20~7~07
--2--
is heated to a meltinO~ pDint in a redueing ~edium9whereupDn the Dbtained melt is eoDled by a t:"ermal shDe'~
till 2 gl2ss rnaterial i9 -`Dr~-d ('~rep~in~i 3~ tbe Institl1te
Df Ph~sies D~ S'berian DivisiDr. D ~ t'D~ ~.e~csr.1y OL
~cienees Di tbe USSR, ;~ 7,~ 1',91 ~~rasnD~^,r5'.~, Pi~vlD~
et al. 'A t`eehnique DL ~r~cesslng ~Sh~S~CDa1S -~.AT~K")
In practic9, ili is oDsql~ tiD D~t2 L -.i2SS 1,1~ ~i3ri~;L"
frDrL 211 L~nD~1n 2sh-sla, waste rnat-rIais ,~auurin.-
cDr.iparativel~ 1D~J ccl1ductiviu~ ;~her~e`oy ihe~ e-re vzstly
0 2pnlic2ble 2S beat-l~-sui-.tli~; m.;t.~i ls. .i~;e~Jer, ~'ais
thDd ~alls ~i D a~tai~ .~D.~?l~ lc~ L l; ~J ~ ~ 3 Lr~ _
sl~o waste beln,~ ?rDcassed ~D~ ?u i~i~s DL~ t~21 S' ;uiDn
r.1etals, -.Jhic'a tD P grea'J evt~r~ red~es t'i-~- rar.se Df'
' applieatiDn ef the gl2ss m~2terials sil1ee t~e~ can nDu
`'' - 15 be utilized in ~he manu~acture Df ~vic211, tranSpGrellt
lass ma'ierials.
DiselDsure Df t'ne InventiDn
It is an object Df the present invention tD prDvide
a methDd of producing glass materials frDm asb-slag waste,
wbich ~ill cDnsiderably improve th4 quality Df' the
' gla~s materials Dbtained due to cDmplete p~rificatiDn
o~ the charge frDm admixtures Df transi~i~n metals znd
` binding D~ f'ree ealeiu~ ~xidsr
: The Dbjeet ~f the invsntiDn is attained by tbat
in a method o~ produeing glass m2terials -~rom as~-slaO
waste, eDnsisting in that a ehar~e Df tha fDllD~ing eompD-
sitiDn, wt ~0:
CaO tDtal 5.0-41.0
' CaO unbound 4.0-1,.0
30 SiO2 13.0-75.0
Al203 5~0-2~.0
' carbon 1.0-2.0
Fe 0 1.0-24.0
~IgO 2.0-~.0
Na20 0.1-1.0
0.2-1.0
` .
.
: . :
. , :
'
20~77~7
3 0.1-o.6
TiO2 0.2
is he2ted tD a rllelting point talilper2ture and meltsd
in a reducing madium, wberaupon the melt obtained is
heated b~ 3 thsrmal shDck till a gl2ss material is ~ormed,
accordina ~o the invantion, priDr to he3ting the c'naraa,
~: the carbDn conteLlt uhsrein is brDught tD 3.0-8.0 wt '~0,
and the struf-turfd i`Drmation Dl the ~,lass m2tarial is
- carris~ ~u'~ .r a.~ 7~11sd ~1D1J D~ a gaseDus medium.
In cases ~7~here it is re~uirad 'uD obtain ~ ~lass Ma1erial
`' wit'n a ~.axi.mul~ pD:rDsit~,7 ad2~ d ~Dr US3 as a hs2u-insul2~
~' ting m~3'uarial, tbe ~a9eDus medium i5 in 'act s~ases resu~-
~'~ tin.~ ~rDm decDmpositiDn Dl` eaS~ides in ~.~auer.
it is necessar, tD o'ouain a ~la~s materiai
D~ a st~srical sha~e ~bish ~inc;s Jida applicatiDn in
divsrse `ararci~es o~ industry, ~Dr instanca ~rom cbamical
'` industry (as .ilters) to aircra t indusury (as a li~ht
heat-insulating material), th~ gas medium should addi-
~ tionally cDntain inert gas ~ad tbereto.
: 20 It is pDssible that the ga~eDus medium i9 essentially
~J . a mixbure Df the additiDnally fed inert g2S and the gases
resulting ~rom decDmposition ol carbides in water.
his will enable ona to obtain glass materials ~rDm
ash-sla~ wasta witb maximu~ porDSitST 2Pd 1 DW CDntent
Df aliminium o~ides and calcium o,.ides.
: ~or tbe manu~acture OL lime bricks, wall lacing
tiles used in construction industry, advantageousl~
: the obtained glass matarial i3 additiDnally. disintegrated
and press-moulded with subseauent roasting.
~' 30 ~he obtained material ~ y be addi~ionally heated
tD ~orm.a melb and then slo~lly cooled~
~' ~his helps obtain glass ceramic wear-resistant ma-
.: terials.
:
~:~ To produce optical materials with a wide trans-
.. 35 missivity and a bigh transparencv in the visible and
.- ~
.
_4_ 209 750 7
infrared spectra of electromagnetic waves,tbe material
Dbtained shDuld be addition211y heated tD ~3rm a melt
and tban c3~1ed ~ subs quen~ ro3sting.
~ref red ~`r.b~diments Df ttle InventiDn
'~e p~oD3sed !"' tL~Dd D~ producit~ ss mat~ri~ls
fr~rLash-slaj ~ïaste cvrsists in that the cbârge Df the
~DllDWin, CDI_3D9itiD!l (~ o)
CaO ~ al -5~ù-i~.0
U :' ' b D U tl~ it . ~ , . U
~ ~o Si~i !,.0~
c ar b 3 ~ . 0
~ 3 i.0-2l.~
~I ~'; g O -- ~ U o ~
~Ta 20 C) . 1~
E20 U.2-1.ù
SOz 0.1-0.
~E!iO2 0.2
is heabed to a melting pDint temperaturs and mslted in
a reducing medium, wbsreupDn tbe Dbtainsd mslt i9 c~oled
by a thermal sboc~ witb simul~sneDus struc~tural fDrm3tion
of t~e glass material in tbe cDntrolled ~aseDus ~edium
flo~.
In asb-slag wasta formad as a result Df burninO
c~als D~ VariDUS deposits, carbDn-contsnt generally doas
nDt exceed 5 ~vt ~0 which is nDt sufficient for carrying
out tbe procass, completa racDvery ~f iron Dxides and
~ormation Df carbidas. ~sreI`Dre, ~Dr carryinl, out the
`~ prDcess of direct recDvery Df irDn Dxides, prior to haating
Df tbe chargs, tbs carbDn cDntsnt is brDught to 3.0-8.0 wt %.
~his quantity range Df tbs carbDn is dspendent upDn
tbe percsr~taga content Df ~rDn Dxides in the initial
ash-slag waste matarial.
~ , . ' .
. . '
'
.
, ~ ~ . . . .
: -
'
2097~07
--5--
To prepare a ~lass material with a re~uisite
struc~ e, used in the prDcess are gaseC resulting frDm
decom~i~osiliiot1 ol czrbi~es, inert gases Dr the mixture
o f bot h .
.
~; 5 ~iven `oelD-~i are specific e~amples oi `carrying out
the r~e~hDd of DrDducin~ ~;lass ~teri21s l~D~. ~Sh~ - s1,3~i
~; vi& S l ~!,
3};a m?le '1
~,~ 7~ ,; ol -~b-sl~g W2SuQ lOr.T.Qd by borL;i~_ coals o
13 ~he DllDl.~ii,r; CD~oDsi uion (~ru i~),
~, Cc~' t^uâl ~.0
Ca~ un`oDuild 4.0
, SiO2 ''v.47
2~ 3
carbon
e 2 3 . ;~ . O
gO 0.31
' Na20 0.31
~2 ' 0.36
;, 20 S03 ' 0,.13
'~ i2 0.2
is melted in a grapbite crucible at a te~paraturQ' o~
frDm 1350 tD 1450C fD~ two hDurs and a haIf. PriDr
to heating, the carbon contant in the charge is brDught
to 3.0 wt ~/0. ~he produced melt witb total iron cor.tent
0.15 wt ~ is cDoled under the conditions Df thermal
, shoc~ b~ pouring into water.
;~ ' Tbi$ caus-es instantaneous foaming o~ the glass
material. ~be obtained pDrous material is disirltegrated
3 to attain a required fineness a~d calcined,to strengthsn the
'''~ pores by heating tD 853aG~ and the~ cooled. The Db~ained
glass material bas a bulk densitv of 150 ~g/m3.
Example 2
500 g Df asb L4rmed by burning coals Df tbe cDmposi-
tion similar to tbat DLD E~ample 1~ is melted in a grapbite
.
,.,. ~.
.
::
:~ .
.,
:.
. .
? ~
crucible at a temperatura Df frDm 1350 to 145~C fDr tV;D
hDurs. '~he Dbtained melt having a tDtal irDn content
Df 0. 1 ~t ~77 is cDoled under the CDndit ions of a thermal
shDck b~ pDurinù intD water. ,~his causes instarltaneDus
fDaminJi Df the ~lass material. ~he obtained ;,,Drous ~lass
ma~erial is disintef;ra~ed to attain a re7auired f~ineness
and rDastad by heatin~ ~D a uemperatUra Df 850C to
stran~ben the pDres, ~.7hereupDn it is cDolsd. '~he rl,? ~erial
,` ~hus pre3ared has a bul`~ density DL' 120 k~ '13.
~'~arl?le 3
5J~ ~ Dl 3sh lDr~d b~r burnihg cDals D the CO~pOSitiD,l
similar to that Df ~lxample 1 is melted in a uraphite
cnucible at a te~per3~ura Df 1353-1450~C ,~Dr fDur hDurs.
~he ob~ained melt havin~ a tDtal irDn cDntent Df 0.05 -.-~t ~7
i9 C DDl ed under the conditiDns of a t'ner~al sbock b~7 pDurin~
;~ int~ water, whereby instantaneDus ~oa~ing Df the ~lass
matarial takes place.,~he ~oamed glass material tbus
prepared is disintegratad to attai~ a requisite fineness
a~d haated to 850C bD stengtben the pDres, whereupon ib
20 i9 coDled. ~he prepared glass material bas a bulk density
of 80 kg/m3.
~ample 4
500 ~ D* ash formed by burnin~ cDals of t~e fDllowing
cDI~QDsitiDn (~It %):
' 25 CaO` tDtal' 20.5
CaO unbDund 11.7
SiO2 41.3
2 3 5~0 ,
carbo~ 3
3o Fe203 12.0
MoO 4.5
Na20 1.2
E20 0 . 4
3 0,2
~i2 0.2
:`; .
.~, .
,: ~ .. : .
- . . .
,~
-7-
~; is heated and mslted in 3 ~raphite crucible at a tempera-
~ure Df 1350-1450C fDr tWD hours and a h~lfo priDr tD
heatin~ Df tbe ct~arge, ~ho c&rbon cDr.~ent therein is
brou~ht to 3 wt %. '~hs ~elt t~us obtained bavin,, a tot21
iror~ content Df 0.15 w~ ji, is cDDled under '~he co.:diti~lls
';; of a therm21 shock bv pDUl'in~ ir.tD w3ter. '~'nis cauSes
~'i irstantarleDus fDamin~ Di lhô .~S30 The Dbt2ined ?DrDUS
~l ss material is disintsj-,rated to attain a rsquisite
ineness ?nd hsat-trOcited b7 the .r.1etbod depicted in
~^ 3xa.:ple 1. 'llbs prsp~ereai Jless mleteriel feaGures a qulk
.~ de~nsit"7 Of 150 lij~
ample 5
500 j, o~ ^sb afJuer ~urnlng D coa'ls Df the comp~sill'3r
indicatsd in ~ample 4 is meltOd in a ~raphite crLlcib1e ior
~ree hours. I~he Dbtained melt -~ith a tD~al iron cDntent
cf 0.1 wt ,~u is cooled under the cDrldi~ions Df ai ubermal
shock by pourin~ intD ~a~er, whereby instantaneous
f D aminO of th-e ma9s takes place. ~he obtained porous
~lass material is heat-treated by the mathod of 3xample 1.
~be prepared ~lass material features a bulk de~!sit~ Df
100 k~
~xample 6
500 g of ash prepared by burnin~ coals OI the cDmpDsi-
~ tion described in E~ample 4 is ~elted fbr fDur nours, the
`'iJ 25 obtained melt' with the iron content o~ 0.05 wi~ %, chromium,
''` 0.02 wt % and titanium, 0.1 ~iit ;~, is cDDled in the similar
~`~ way as in Examples 4 and 5. ~he obtained glass m3terial
hcas a bulk densit~ Df 50 ks~
Exampla 7
3o 500 g of asb after burning Df coals with the compDsi-
tiDn, wt ~0:
CaO t Dtal 3.1
CaO unb D und ~D ~e
~i2 5.5
:
, ~ . .
... . .
:
:
:
;-
2~75~7
. ,~,
~120~ 19.2
carbDn 5
~e,O. 20.C
2 ,
1.;,,0 0.
~.220 0.~
~'2 0~9
) o 2
riDr tD he.iii.~ th-- ch.ar~s~ -~ihne car'~^l c~ a,i ~ :
~' 13 tke chrOe is br~u;bb tD ri .!t ,;~, tb~3rl ~be ^.~.ar~ e is .::el-ieu
: ln a .ra?hite crucl~le ai a ta;~-,?L3r~-3~ul e D_' 1~J ~ i450~;,
Dr tWD bDu~s anà i balf. Iïlhe ~21t tinus _ ~DL..UC9d L~GVir~
_ tD,ial iron co~ art o~ 0~15 ~ is cD~led under Tihe
cD~Idi,iiDns Dl a therir.~il S!,DDC~ Dy pDuri?O n-io ,,;_-~
~'~is c.3uses instant2r!eDus LD~.r~inD Dl the .~!L~D9s. hL-3 û0ii8i:~3~i
0rDUs ~loss r~3,ierial is heat-trsc3ted sl..ilarly ii~ Exa:~le ~.
~'' .ba glass material prDducsd is characterized bù7 a bulk
density'~f 150 kg/m .
~, ~xample 8
5 g of ash aLter burning Df cDals baving the cDmpDsi-
tion lisbed in Example 7 is mslted and beat~treated similarly
~D Example 2. ~llhe prepared glass material. has a bu~k density
~` D~ 120 kg/m3.
: Example 9
: 25 500 Or D~ ash al~er burning o~ cDsls of- the comQ~sitiDn
~ indicated i~ Example 7 is melted and beat-trsateq similarly
: ~D the ~xample 3. ~he pr~duced gl2ss materi&l fs2turss
a bulk densiby of 80 kg/ ~ .
.:: .3xample 1
500 g Df ash a~ter burning Df coals havi~g ths
fDllDwing cDmpDsi~ion (wt %)
CaO total ' 20.0
:: CaO unbDund 4.0
~ S~2 58
:~ 35 Al23 9.4
"
~, .
., .
'~; .
:"~
, - - . . .
.
;.' ., . ~ -
,
_g_
3 . 1 . O
¦,~,?~,o ~ . 3
' Ma 2 ' 3
2 C .
5 , 3 , 0 .1 ,
"' ~i2 0.2
ih-rain tha carboLl cDnt3n!~ iLl ub C'^.an','3 iS brDll:'~et ~ 3 ,:.t ,,7
'~ is heated 2nd melted in' a ;,râ?hita crucibla a1, a tsL3a
~,, , ratura D~ 33 tD 1450C lar arl i~Dur and a 'a21~.~ Tha
l3 obtainad melt with a tc~tal lrDr cor,.art a 3untin~ tD
0.15 wt ,;0 is cDDlarl !i~ __r ':b~ c ,:di~i.,ti_ u_ .i ;s,
ss~oci.~ by p3u~in~ intD :a'uar, ~ .a~abv instzetz;la3us ''Da~ ir
Df tha ~,lass r~atarial 's 2used. ~';ha Dbta ned p.,rDus
5~1aSS material is disinte,,r2~,ad to at-tair. a raquisita
15 linenf3ss and r33s~ad tc a ta.~.~erature D~ &50~C, 2r~ sub-
sequently cûDled. Tbe preparad Olass "lateri21 b3s
a b ulk dens ity o~ 150 ks~/m3 .
; Example 11
500 g of ash after burning Df cDals of the co~ipOsition
,, 20- specified in :E~ample 1 is melted in a Oraphite crucible
at a temperatura of 1340-1450C fDr tWD, ho'urs. The melt
Dbtained witb a tDtal iron cDntent Df 0.1 WIJ (~o iS~ cDoled under
tha conditiDns Df a tbarmal shoc'~ by ~DuriLl~ intD water,
whereby instantaneous oaminO Df tha ma ,.erial is caused.
Tba Dbtained porDus glass material is prDcessad similarly
to Example 10. The prepared ,12ss m2 teri31 is characteri -
zed by a bulk dansity Df 120 ~;/m~.
~ al~ipla 12
500 g of as~ baving tha cDmDositiDn Df E~aml~le 1
is malted in a Oraphite ,crucible at a tampara"~e of 1350-1450e
for tWD bDurs and a half.,The mel`t thus prepared with
a tDtal iron contant Df 0.05 wt ~0 is coDlad undar t~e
cDnditions Df a thermal shock by pDuring into water.
`' ~ This causes instantaneDus fDa.r2ing of the ~lass matarial.
.,~
~ . .
' ' ,
. ,
.
.i.
., .:
2~7~7
-10-
The obtained gl2sS Latierial iS prDcessed as in '~ample 1~'.
~ba densi7iy 3~~ tha glass malierial is 80 h~ii.n?.
3xamj?1a '1,
500 g D~ as~ af~er bursin,7 D'~ cs2ls i~ iLI;~ 'Jha
CD Il7.p3SiuiDI~ i?eciii,?d iL'i Li;a'l!L~ i9 ~ uav fil~ aii~
treci7jed in ~ha ~-ia'y similar t5 tbali Di~ i~xa`i.l?1e 1. il'he
Db~airled ~l~ss 'Q~. t~ i2~ di~7? ~ns~?~ tD u~ in~llf,vS
~, sized l Dl;i O ;i D ~Qv~1i 1L~ ~I L~v n cubes D l 1JO;~ 'i3JX'~ S i:~ '
lîfL b3rS 0~ ; siza ~ne ~ ss i~Dul~ r3...
the p D~i~d er. 7be EmiUl d ~a d L- ri;icl~ 'a are ~-~i?d _ne _7~.e S -li eà aii e
: .~ l; e mj? a r a t u r e O ,- ~"~'Ot~ C ,`!' D '' ,~ !.~ i t~ J ;'3 S 1,l 7 c e c ue n u c v ~1 7 .n ;~,
! in tbe 'urnace. The prsaucvd sa:?las he-~je ih~7 '~ollo~in;
c b ~ rc7 c '~ e ~ ù i C 'à:
ultimate cGmpl~essiDn s~reng7ih, ~ a ~CI~
, 15 ultim~te bending stjrsng~'n r~2a 7-7
~nXan~plv 1 ~'
500 o Df 3sh a~ter burning o~ cDals Df the compositiDn
indica~ed,in 3xa,mple 1 is melted and heat-txveatied as in
Example 2. ~he obtained Olass material is dispersed
tD the finen~ss o~ frDm 0 tD 80Jum, then cuhes Df
100x100x100 mm size and bars of 40x40x160 nm7 size are7
press-moulded frDm th~ powder. 17he mo~lded ,rticles are
dried and then rDastsd at a te~perature Df 950C ~or 30 min
witb subseguent cDDling in the fur.tlace. 17he obtained
samples have thtiv follDwing characteristics:
ultimate ccmpressiDn strength, `~a 40.0
ultim3te bending stren~th, ~l~a - 8.0
~xa!~ple 15
500 ~ Df ash a~ter burning DL CDals D~ ~hf9 CDmpDSitiDtl
indicated in tbe æ~ample 1 i9 melted and heat treatsd
similarl~ to Example 3. ~he obtained glass mat4rial
... .
is dispfd~sed tD tbe fineness o~ ~rom 0 tD 80~ m, then
,mDulded and heat treated as in ~xample 10. ~he obtained
~ ~ samples ~ature tbe follDwing charactsristics:
,~' '
': '
,
,
.
~ ~ .
; ~ :
.: , ` :
." ~
2 ~ 7
-11~
,
ultim3ta compressiDn strength, l~a 4~.2
ultimate bending s~ren~tb, I~.~a 8.1
~' ~xainpla 1v
~ 500 , Dl ash alJer b~rning oi COals baving the
~ 5 ccmpDsitiGn s?ecilied in E~;ai.;ple 4 is mrl~ed and heat~
:~ treated in tba -~ay slir!ilar tD that D^ ~zmple 1, tbs
~ a~ticles a-rs m~ulded ând rD~3ted 39 in 3~2r,pl3 1~ r~'
: ~b~Jained.sa::pl3s have ~e -`Dllo-~ing characte~istics:
ulti:~ua C~:?~?3SS1GL. s'ua erg~ ,p a 3~9i~
ulu ii~^i U 3 ~ ;;, 5 `?
3;z~ 17
50~ g ~ _s.n a~r? ~urLiQ;. o: cGals .avin~ ubs
cDmpGsi~iDn si.milar tD iba i v~ aipla il is ineltea
and llea~-~rer;ted as in ~'Ya~!~le 2. ~hell the Lqa~eri3l
~; 15 is Gispe~seG, m~ulded arld beaii-trerated in the 92me
mâllner as in ~`~ample 13. '.ne obtâined sâ~?les bave
the fDllDwing charac~eristics:
ultimate compressiDn strengt25 ~a 43.0
: ultimaba bending strangbb, MPa 8.3
Exan~le 18
500 g Df ash fDr~med after `Durrling D~ cDals baving
tbe cDmpDsitiDn indicated in Ex2!ple 4 is melted, heat-
t~eated, mDulded 2nd roaste~ i~ the similar v~a~ as in
Examples 3 ard 13. rrhe Gbtained samples have the ~ollD~Jing
cbaracteristics
~: ultimate co~,pressiDn.s~rergth ræa 44.2
ultimate bar.ding strength, ~Pa 8.5
Example 19
500 g Df ash ~Dr~ed a~ter burning. G~ cDals having
the compDsition indicated in ~xample 7 is melted, heat- -
treated and rDasted similarly tD Examples 1 and 13. '~he
:. : ` Dbtaina.d samples have the fDllDWitlg cbaracteristics:
~ ultimate compressiDn strength? L~Pa 19~1
`~` ultimate bending strength, Pæa 2.6
~,.
~.~,.
,.~j' .
,
~ .
-~.
. . ...
:~
2~97707
-12-
E~ample 20
500 g Df ash after `ournin~ Df cDals DL the cDmp~sitiDn
specified in ~xam-?ls 7 is melted, heat-trsated, mDuld3d
and roast3à similarly tD ~'~amples 2 and 13. r~he obtained
samples hav ..~ :~ollDv:iu~ characteristics:
ultimata co~pr3ssiDn streoO~h, l~a 1~.5
ultimate ben~ing stren3th "1~a ~.7
aml?1e, -1
5i~3 g D-L ash -.`orm3d a~ter burnin~ D~ cDals heVi!l~'
he cor.posit1on speci;'ied in ~`xam?le 7 is inelted, beau
traated~mDuld3d and rDasued in the v~a~ si~ilar tD tb2t
O f ~2ilple S ,` and 1~.
I-lhe o`otal~Qd s2:~?l3s b~av3 th3 foll.-Tiin properti3~:
; ultimate compressiDr. sursn.Jtb, I.~a 23.'i
uLtimate bendin~ s~rel~th ii~a 2.
~xample 22
530 g Df ash afier burning Df cDals havinO the
~' oDmposition similar to that of Example 7 is melted, beat-
treated a~d moulded as in 3xample 3 and 13, uhile roasting
~0 is carried DUt at a temperature of 1o5ooc~fDr thirty minutes
with subsequant cDDlinO in the furnace. The obtained samples
have ~he ~Dllowing characteristics:
ultimate compressioll strength, I:~a 60.0
ultimate bendin~ strength, ~a 9.0
' 25 Example 23
'~ 500 g Df ash fcrmed after burning Ol coals Df the
cDmpositiDn of ~xample 1 is melted in a graphite crucible
at a tempera~ure of frDm 1350 tD 1450C for two hours ana
a half. The Dbtained msli having a total iron conte~t
Df 0.15 wt ~ is poured. into graphite moulds preheatsd
:~ tD 550C, the~ the temesrature is raised to 800-850C,
: the melt stands at this temperature for an hDur and a half
~: with subsequent cDDling ln the elsctric furnace tD a rDom
''. t4mperature. '~he prepared Olass ceramic materials have
~' 35 the follo~inO c'naracteris~ics:
"
: . .: . .
. . .
~75Q7
-13-
light tr2nsmissiDn factDr, ,~o 3;).()
tbermal cDrlductivit~f~ /m.~ 0.8
linear exp2tlsion coe~ficient C 1 0 x 10
ultimate barlaing strength, :;æa ?5-0
~: 5 3xai:lple 2~
~ 500 -, of aS!n after burnin~, OL cDels oavin,~ th3
: cDI~lDDsi~iDn soeci~ied in ~iuola 1 is ;.: l'.,d~ ~-s il~ ~sa.Df,~ld ~.
~r~ ~o.~ir~ is ~3ulad in~D uh;3 l1LiUI_ an~ 3a~-
. .,~a3.3~l ir t.~e iiaf~ similal lio thst Df ~ a.~la 2~ fr'ee
~`-`' 10 Or2?3rad .-1a3S ceramic mat rials have ~ DllD;~inJ
: ~ ?r~Dpert.ies
li_hl; ~iranslll:issiDn :fC'GDn, ';'~ ~LO.C
~1arrI~U1 CD nductivit~, ;i/m~ .8
iin~ar exDatlsiDn cDeflicient~ oC~1 5 ~ 10
ultimaJe be~.din~ strength, ~a 75.0
~xal~le 25
500~ of ash obtained after burnirlg of cDals
bavin~a the composition indicated in Exam?le 1 is melted
in tbe wa~ similar to tbat Df Example 3~ mDulded and
20 roasted as in Example 23. ~he produced gl~ass ceramic
materials have the ~DllDwin., charactaristics~
ligh~ transmissiDn factDr, 9~0 50.0
tbarmal conductivity, ~i/m~ 0.7
.. linear expansiDn coefficient, C 1 5 x 10-~
ulbimabe bending stren~th, P.~a 80.0
E~ample 26
~ 500 g o~ ash ob.tained a~ter burning of coals
`. ol the compDsition specified in ~xample 4... is prDcessed
:. as disclosed in 3xample 23. ~be ~lass ceramic mat.erials
`` 30 produced have tbe.~ollDwing properti~s: .
light transmission factDr, ~0 30.0
thermal co~ductiYity, W/m~ 0.8
linear expansion coa~ficient, C 1 0 x 10-6
:. : ultimate bending strength, ~a 75.0
: . .
i
. .
.
. . .
.
.
2~7507
-14-
~xample 27
530 ~ Df asb after burning of ccals hzvin~ the
cDI~pDsition specified in ;3xam?1a 4 is p.lDce3sed as in
~xample 24. The obtdined glas5 ceramic materials ha~e
the ~llov/in~ characteristics:
ligbt transmissiDn factDr, :o 40.U
ther~al c~nductivity, Yijll h o 75
linear expansiDn coef~icient, C 1 5.5 x 10
ultimate bending strengtb, ii~2 ' 75.0
æxam.ple 28
500 g DL' ash obtained after `ourning D~ coals ~/itb
~he cDmpDsiti~: f Example ~ is prDcesssd in th~l way slmii^-r
tD 3xample 25;. ~he obtained glass cera~lic ~aterials have
~he follDwin~ prDperties:
light transmissiDn factor, ~ 50.C
~i thermal cDnductivity, ~/m.L~ 0.7
; linear expa~sion coefficient, C 1 5x10 6
ultimate bending strength, ~a 80.0
E~ampI0 29
500 g of ash obtained by burni~gDfcoals having the
compDsition indicated i~ ~xampl~ 7 is heat-tr~ated in
~; tbe way similar to that Df Example 23.
The produced glass ceramic ~aterials feature the
foll~wing characteristics: ~
light transmission factDr, ~ ` 30.0
tharmal cD!IduCt~YitY
linear expansion co~fficient, JC 1 5x10
~- ultimat~ bending str2ngtb, ~.~a 90.0
Exampl~ 30
500 g of ash after ~burning Df cDals Df the compDsitiDn
indicated in ~xampl~ 7 is beat-treat~d as in Example 24
~` The Dbtaihed gl2ss ceramic materials h2vs tha fDllDwing
' characteristics:
. .
. .,'
,'"
.'' ' - ,
,~'`
'
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20~7~07
:~ `
-15~
.ght transmissiDn factor, % 4~.0
thermal cDnductivity W/m ~ 0~75
linear expatlsiDn cDe~ficient, o5~l 5 ~ -6
: ultirlate bending strengub, ~.2a 'j5.û
Exaiilple 31
: 530 g cf ash obtained after b~ri~inO 3L~ CD~lS havin~
: tbe compositi~n indic3tsd in ~xa~:-pla 7 is he_t--ure3Jed
in tbe waV sir.ilar to tbat Df 3~aipl3 ,~5. '~'he .;lass
ceram~ic meter i21s produced have thq f~lla~ n~ C.. ';'.5e'-
10 ~-eris~-cs:
ii>~ht tra-sm ssion fac~Dr, ;~ 5:J~,_
thermal conductivity, ~ m ~ C.7
linear expansiDn coe~`licient5 C 1 , ~ 1J
ultimate bending strengtb, I~a 103
~`xa.r.ple 32
- 500 g Df tbe pDrcus ~13ss m~erial D`atained in
Exa~ple 1 is placed intD an aIundum crucible and melted
at a bemperature Df from 1450 to 1500C for 2 bDurs,
~: pDured into graphite mDulds whicb have been preheated
: 20 bD 550C, heated tD 850C, whereupDn tbe melt stands
:: at tbis-teii~parature for tWD hDurs with subsequent cDDlin~
; in the ~uruace tD a roDm temperâture.
~'he transmissivity in the visible and infr3red spsctra
of electrDma~netic waves Df tbe samplas is egual tD 75~.
Example 33
500 ~ of the porous ~lass material Dbtainad in Exampla
; is melted and beat-treated similarly tD tba prDcess Df
xample 32. ~ba transmissivity in tbe visible and irfrared
` spectra of electrDmagnetic waves Df the Dbtainsd samples
.`~ 30 i 9 85~
~ . Example 34
. . .
.~ 500 g Df tbe prrous glass ~aterial cbtain~d in
: Example 3 is melted and heat-treated similarly to tbe
.; prDcess Df ~gample 32. ~be transmissivitv in the visible
and infrared specbra of electro~gnetic waves Df the
samples prDduced amDunts to 95~0.
: ' .
.
^ 2~97~07
~ 1 b--
Exa mple 35
500 g~ o~ he PDrDUS ,~13SS m2tarial D:o~iailleà in
:3xample 4 is mel',ia~ and hea u- ~sr~3at~3d as in 3;z~.?1e ;~2.
'~he transmissi~7iriy in the visible and infrared s~ecti7
~ 5 Df elec,irDm~,netic w2veis Df the samr31es p ~D~uced is 7;~ 7.
Exa li~p le 36
5~0 = ~l ?DrDUS ~ 3s .rrAa "~3ri~31 ~_~3p~ 1q 5
i s me 1 ti ed e nd he at -lirea t ed as in ~x2 m pl e . Lih~ 'ire'._l-
.. issivity in tib~ isiole e rlà i~- r are~- s ~;j ca s; c 1 e ~ ;7D.:e -
10 aetic weves is ;~O,o.
~!'x a i-. p 1 e '7
5 .; D1~ 2~US _;1`SS ~2 terial Dl3~sai~1ed in ' G~S
is m31ted .~r~d heo u-tre~-'ied si~ rly .jD the ?roc~ss i3-~
xample 32. '~he lransmissivit~ in ~SL1- V is ~le er~d i;e~ar~3d
1;7 spectra olD electrDmaO~a ~ic ~aves Df t!~Se SGr~?1r-S ~roc.Aced
. a ~ilD U nt s t o 9~70 .
~:~ Example 38
500 g of porous glass material obtained in ~xarnple 7
is meltad and- heat-treated as in Exampls 32. 'i~he transmissi-
20 vity in th~ visible and imared spectra Df electro-
magnetic waves Df the samples prDduced is ~0%.
~;: Ex a mp 1 e 3 9
500 g Df pDrous mat~rial Dbtainad in 3xample 8 is
::~ melted and beat--treated as in ~xample 32. he transmissivity 25 in the visible and inIrared spectra Df electromagne tic waves
~: of the glass seramic material Db uained is 80%.
E~amp le 40
: . 500 g Dî porDus ~ terial obtained in Example 9
is maltad and heat-treated similarly to the prDcess
30 of :E;xample 29. ~he transmi~sivit~ in ths visible and
- in:e~ared spac~ra of electromagGetic waves of the glass
. ceramic materials prDduced amDunts tD 95~o.
Example 41.
,~ ,.
500 g of ash sfter burni~g o~ cDals having ths
cDmposition speci:Eied i~ Example 4 is mslted as in Example 4
. , ,
,
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2~7~7
. .
-17-
e Dbtained r!lelt is coolsd under the CDnditiDnS of a
thermal shoch by pouxin,, it DlltO an ascending floY~
Df inert gas (CO2).
~his res~lts in that tbe 3bt2ined _les3 ma ~,erial
5 acquir7ss a bDl1~-~7 spberical s, cse wi'us the de .si'ty
of its ~,^ranulas amDunuir~ tD 1'~ ) 'L{,,'/m~.
:E~ 2 ~ 2
500 g D-i` ag; f'-u;lsed afi, ar burni~ D f '' 321 S havi.n~
the c?r~pDslti~o indicated in ~ a ~ ?~ eli.ed es descrlbed
10 abDve. Tbe Db.air.ad ~ c~Dled u~ en tbe cûndi-ulr,~ss D:' a
therrl~l sh3c~.^ 'by oou l~ ' ~D '.;at-_-~ 3cc3~penle~i b"J
blDwin" in o` ir.art ,as (~o;~ ïh3r9b~,7 .!:Dre th2n ~)0,-
~of tha ,lass ~a~exial has 2 hOllD.; S!,'n~"`'ical S,-~zUQ ~o-?
var~Dus dia,,a'uars wiuh 'thg Oranulss dersitui Df ~JJ Lr~
~;~ 15 ~ S~a.:ple ~3
500 ~ Df asn after `aurl.i,S~ o-' coe.1s '; vin, thes
cDmpDsi~iDn specil?ied in ~`~a~sla 4 is melted as in
Example 4. ~he obtainad melt is cDoled undsr the cDndit ons
Dl? a thermal shock by pouring the mel~ into ~ ater through
20 th~v foamed material. Consequently, lass than 50,0 Df the
tDtal mass ol? the glass material produced has a hDllD~7
spherical shape of different diamsters wi:th the density
of tbe granules from 130 to 300 L;o/~
Industrial hppli ca`oillty
:.~ 25 ~he present inventiDn can be most efL3ctively
used for tbe prDductlDn of Cc~!St~uCtiotl ~h~eri2ls
DI diverse purposes (bricks, beat- ancl sound -insulatins
. materials, ~acin~, and seramic ma,.erial$) filtexing
materials, chamically stable materialsO McreDver, tbe
30 prDpDsed methDd halps. Dbtain ~lass materials featuring
a high light transmissi~n factDr and utilized in magnetD-
optics (ma~netDDptical memDry disks, liquid srystal
ligbt mDdulators), as Yiell as in astronDmical DptiCS.
.
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