Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
_ 2I158fi~
FLOW VALVE
OPERATED BY AN AXIAL STEM
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is concerned with flow valves operated by the angular
displacement of a
controlling stem.
These valves may be applied, among other areas, to the control of flows,
especially to the
control of one or more flow lines, such as water lines, through little
deflections of the controlling
stem, in hand washbasins where cold and warm water must be mixed, for example,
as well as in the
automatic control of mechanisms, etc.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
A number of valves is well known based - the same as the invention - on a
substantially
cylindrical body with a flow inlet and a flow outlet, containing a flow
sealing element associated
with a controlling stem, which - once angularity deflected - produces a flow
passing port in the side
opposing to the stem pin.
Some of these valves are those described in patents US. 3,698,685, Lang; US
4,320,891,
Cairns; US 4,403,570, Freehafer; and US 4,586,464, Agerrley et al. In all
these valves, the
controlling stem is surrounded by a sealing ring near its inner end and said
sealing ring is axially
compressed in a lateral portion, a port being thus generated in the totally
opposed portion, through
which the flow runs in a substantially axial direction to the controlling
stem.
This kind of valves is limited to small pressures in the network due to the
low sensitivity of
the controlling stem. In fact, due to its structure, the network pressure
exerts a great force in the
stem face located inside the valve body, thus making it necessary a
proportionally greater force in
the stem in order to control the valve. This disadvantage is even bigger in
the designs of the previous
art, in which additional axial compression elements are available, such as
elastomeric springs or
stems.
Another disadvantage of these valves is their little versatility, in the sense
that they do not
allow the pass of a flow once the deflection action in the controlling stem
ends.
Even another disadvantage of these valves is that they may not be used in
application
requiring inner discharge, that is, these valves are solely destined to
discharge the flow through the
same opening in which the controlling stem is located, thus pouring the flow
coaxially to it.
~~~586~
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention offers a valve that may be operated by the angular displacement
of a
controlling stem, which overcomes the disadvantages of the valves of the
previous technique.
Valves which are the subject matter of this invention in general consist in a
valve body with
a substantially cylindrical axial hole or inlet having a forward narrowing or
opening in one of their
ends. In the inner wall of the axial hole there is a tight ring-shaped butt,
where a controlling stem is
located axially oriented to the valve body. This controlling stem projects
outside the valve body
through the forward opening or narrowing of the axial hole. A sealing ring is
available in radial
contact with the forward part of the controlling stem located inside the valve
body.
A group of modalities of the valve which is the subject matter of this
invention is generated
when completing the valve with preset addressing devices of the angular
displacement of the
controlling stem. These devices may consist in defining the geometry of the
forward opening of the
oblong or star-shaped valve, for example.
An additional group of modalities of the valve which is the subject matter of
this invention
considers the including of locking devices for the controlling stem in order
to keep the passing of
flow once the deflection action of the controlling stem ends.
Another group of modalities of the valve which is the subject matter of this
invention is
obtained by obstructing the forward opening or narrowing of the valve body
through a membrane
shaped in the same body, which joins to the controlling stem, thus forming the
assembly of valve
body, membrane and controlling stem, a single mono-block part allowing the
swiveling of said
controlling stem. Additionally, the controlling stem is equipped with a hole
communicating its
outside portion with the inner side of the valve.
Even another group of modalities of the valve which is the subject matter of
this invention
consists in a multiple or compound valve having one flow inlet and a number of
outlets. This kind of
multiple valve is made up of an array of several valves of the modalities
already mentioned, which
are selectively operated through an axial or main stem controlling the control
stems of the array
valves, thus allowing the switching of the flow inlet to any outlet.
Valves which are the subject matter of this invention are more compact, since
they are
made up of a lower number of elements, these being simpler than those of the
traditional valves.
A second kind of advantages of the valves which are the subject matter of this
invention is
their greater sensitivity, requiring lower driving forces for the stem, even
though the flow line is
subject to great pressures, as compared with the previous valves.
A third kind of valves which are the subject matter of this invention, relates
to their
versatility in the applications, being able to admit designs allowing an
alternative flow outlet to
several distribution ducts; continuous outlet; timed outlet; in addition to
the option between external
2
..
~;
v
!sy.
or inner discharge to the valve, that is, the flow outlet - as in the
traditional valves - follows the
direction of the controlling stem, or the latter acts alone to deviate the
flow to the outlet duct which
is not located in the periphery to said stem.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The advantages already mentioned shall be clearly deduced from the detailed
disclosure of
the invention supported by drawings, where:
~ Fig. 1 shows an isometric perspective in a longitudinal section of the first
modality of the
invention, in which the valve is closed.
~ Fig. 2 shows an isometric perspective in a longitudinal section of the
modality shown in Fig.
1, in which the valve is opened.
~ Fig. 3 depicts a raised plan in a longitudinal section corresponding to the
first modality of
this invention with the valve closed equal to the condition of Fig.1.
~ Fig. 4 depicts a raised plan in a longitudinal section corresponding to the
modalities of Figs.
1 to 3, with the valve opened equal to the condition of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 shows an isometric perspective in a longitudinal section of a second
modality of the
invention, in which the valve is closed.
~ Fig. 6 shows an isometric perspective in a longitudinal section of the
modality of Fig. 5, in
which the valve is opened.
~ Fig. 7 depicts a raised plan in a longitudinal section corresponding to the
second modality of
this invention with the valve closed equal to the condition of Fig. 5.
~ Fig. 8 depicts a raised plan in a longitudinal section corresponding to the
modalities of Figs.
to 7, with the valve opened equal to the condition of Fig. 6.
~ Fig. 9 shows a raised plan in a longitudinal section of a third modality of
the invention, in
which the valve is closed.
Fig. 10 shows a raised plan in a longitudinal section of the third modality of
the invention, in
which the valve is opened.
~ Fig. 11 shows a raised plan in a longitudinal section of a fourth modality
of the invention in
a closed condition.
~ Fig. 12 is a raised plan in a longitudinal section of the same modality of
Fig. 11 in an opened
condition.
~ Fig. 13 shows a raised plan in a longitudinal section of a fifth modality of
the invention,
where the compound valve may be seen closed to the right outlet and opened to
the left
outlet.
3
-,.
~ Fig. 14 is a raised plan in a longitudinal section of the same modality
of Fig. 13 with the
compound valve closed.
~ Fig. 15 shows a raised plan in a longitudinal section of a fifth modality of
the invention,
where the compound valve may be seen closed to the left outlet and opened to
the right
outlet.
~ Fig. 16 depicts an isometric perspective of that portion of the valve where
the controlling
stem is located to show the positioning devices of the latter.
~ Fig. 17 shows a schematic view of the left section of the portion of the
valve as the one
shown in Fig. 16, depicting a lockable position of the controlling stem in one
direction,
displaced in a first direction without lock and under the condition of flow
passing.
~ Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the same left section of the portion of the
valve of Fig. 17
depicting a centered position of the controlling stem under a condition of
flow stopping.
~ Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the same left section of the valve shown in
Figs. 17 and 18,
depicting a locked position of the controlling stem in a second direction and
under a
condition of flow passing.
~ Fig. 20 is a schematic view of the left section of the portion of the valve
as shown in Fig. 16,
depicting a self centering position of the stem without lock, with a two-
degree freedom,
centered and under a condition of flow stopping.
~ Fig. 21 is a schematic view of the same left section of the portion of the
valve of Fig. 20,
depicting a decentered position of the stem and under a condition of flow
passing.
~ Fig. 22 is a schematic view of the left section of the portion of the valve
as shown in Fig. 16,
depicting a self centering position of the stem without lock, with a one-
degree freedom,
centered and under a condition of flow stopping.
~ Fig. 23 is a schematic view of the same left section of the portion of the
valve of Fig. 22,
depicting a position of the stem under a condition of flow passing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Figs. 1 to 4 show a first modality of valve according to the invention. This
valve is made up
of a valve body 11 with a substantially cylindrical axial hole 21, with a
narrowing 31 in the forward
end.
There is a ring-shaped butt 41 concentric and tight to the axial hole 21, the
rear end of
which opposed to narrowing 31 of the valve body 11 having a throat 51.
Axially to the valve body 11, there is a controlling stem 61, so that the
forward end projects
through narrowing 31 of the valve body 11, the diameter of said controlling
stem 61 being
substantially lower than the diameter of said narrowing 31. The other end of
the controlling stem 61
goes beyond the throat 51 of the ring-shaped butt, said end having a
flattening or terminal boss 71.
4
:,:
,.
2115~~~
Between the inner forward part of the valve body 11 and the forward part ,of
the
ring-shaped butt 41, a ring-shaped chamber is defined acting as seat for a
sealing ring 81, which is
radially adjusted to the controlling stem 61.
Figs. 1 to 3 depict the first modality of the valve in closed condition. The
valve inlet is
located in its rear part (right end). Flow enters the valve body through the
throat 51 of the
ring-shaped butt 41, being hold back there due to the watertightness achieved
by the sealing ring 81,
which is in radial contact with the controlling stem 61.
As shown in Figs. 2 and 4, when a cross force to the controlling stem 61
(arrow 91) is
exerted, said stem swivels around throat 51 of the ring-shaped butt 41 and
radially compresses a
portion of the sealing ring 81, generating an outlet port 101 totally opposed
to the compressed
portion of said sealing ring 81 through which the flow runs.
Once the force destabilizing the controlling stem 61 (arrow 91) ceases, and
due to the
resilient nature of the sealing ring 81, its compressed portion exerts a
radial force in the controlling
stem 61, the axial position being reestablished until reaching a full contact
with said sealing ring 81,
the valve becoming closed and assuming the same condition depicted in Figs. 1
and 3.
As already shown, this first modality of valve is of the kind with a flow
outlet coaxially to
the controlling stem, which opens while said controlling stem is angularly
displaced by the action of
some cross force. Once the destabilizing force has ceased, the valve
automatically closes.
The second modality of the valve, according to the invention, is depicted in
Figs. 5 to 8.
The valve is made up of a valve body 12 having an axial hole 22 and a cross
outlet duct or hole 112.
The axial hole 22 completely crosses the valve body 12, while the cross outlet
duct 112 abuts upon
to said axial hole 22, preferably under the form of a bypass.
The axial hole 22 is substantially cylindrical with a narrowing 32 in its
forward end.
There is a ring-shaped butt 42 concentric and tight to the axial hole 22 with
a cross opening
122 corresponding to the intersection zone between the cross outlet duct 112
and the axial hole 22
of the valve body 12.
Axially to the valve body 12, there is a controlling stem 62, so that the
forward end projects
tightly through narrowing 32 of the valve body 12.
The diameter of said portion of the controlling stem 62 inside the valve is a
little greater
than the diameter of the portion passing through narrowing 32, but lower than
the inner diameter of
the ring-shaped butt 42, a flow distribution chamber 142 being thus defined
and released by the
cross hole 122 of the ring-shaped butt 42. Alternatively, a controlling stem
with a substantially
uniform diameter in its whole length may be considered, but equipped with ribs
in its inner zone
with respect to the valve, so that its accidental axial displacement may be
avoided.
Between the inner forward part of the valve body 12 and the forward part of
the
ring-shaped butt 42, a first ring-shaped chamber is generated acting as seat
for a sealing ring 82 (or
forward sealing ring), which is radially adjusted to the controlling stem 62.
Between the rear part of
..
...,
~1158~~
the ring-shaped butt 42 and a part of the rear butt 152 equipped with an
eccentric opening 162, a
second ring-shaped chamber acting as seat for a second sealing ring 132 (or
rear sealing ring) is
generated, which is radially adjusted to the rear end of the controlling stem
62.
Figs. 5 and 7 depict the second modality of the valve in closed condition with
the flow held
back in its rear end (right end). The controlling stem is aligned due to the
action of sealing rings 82
and 132, so that chamber 142 remains watertight with respect to the flow
inlet. When an angular
displacement in the outer end of the controlling stem 62 occurs, by applying a
cross force in the
sense of the arrow 92 (see Figs. 6 and 8), for example, then said controlling
stem 62 swivels around
narrowing 32 of the forward end of the axial hole 22, and the rear end of said
controlling stem 62
radially compresses a portion of the rear sealing ring 132, generating a port
102 in its totally
opposed portion. The flow enters chamber 142 through this port 102, from which
it is exhausted to
the cross opening 122 of the ring-shaped butt 42, to be released by the cross
outlet duct 112 of valve
body 12.
Once the cross force applied to the outer end of the controlling stem 62
(arrow 92) has
ceased, the compressed portion of the rear sealing ring 132 forces said
controlling stem 62 to axially
align, becoming in full contact with said sealing ring and the valve becoming
closed as shown in
Figs. 5 and 7.
Unlike the first modality of the invention, this second modality has inner
discharge, that is,
the flow outlet is not through the periphery of the controlling stem, but the
flow is deviated to an
outlet duct, which may be connected to a flow network. This feature allows to
use the valve in
control applications for flow lines through the controlling stem, without the
latter showing leaks
outwards.
From its operation point of view, the third modality of the invention consists
in a valve in
which flow runs through the center of the controlling stem after driving the
latter. This third
modality is depicted in Fig. 9 (closed valve) and Fig. 10 (opened valve) and
is made up of a valve
body 13 with a preferably cylindrical axial hole 23, crossing it completely.
This axial hole 23 has a
narrowing 33 in its forward end.
There is a ring-shaped butt 43 concentric and tight inside the valve body 13.
Axially to the valve body 13, there is a controlling stem 63, so that the
forward end projects
tightly through narrowing 33 of said valve body 13. This controlling stem 63
has a substantially
axial hole 173 (it may be also skew) beginning in its outer end (left end) and
deviating
cross-sectionally to said stem in an intermediate zone to present an opening
183 inside the valve
body 13.
The diameter of the controlling stem 63 inside the valve is a little greater
than the diameter
of the portion passing through narrowing 33, but lower than the inner diameter
of the ring-shaped
butt 43, a flow distribution chamber 143 being thus defined and released by
opening 183 of hole 173
of the controlling stem. Alternatively, a controlling stem with a
substantially uniform diameter in its
6
f
%::
2~~~~~~
whole length may be considered, but equipped with ribs in its inner zone with
respect to the valve,
so that its accidental axial displacement may be avoided.
Between the inner forward part of valve body 13 and the forward part of the
ring-shaped
butt 43, a first ring-shaped chamber is generated acting as seat for a sealing
ring 83 (or forward
sealing ring), which is radially adjusted to the controlling stem 63. Between
the rear part of the
ring-shaped butt 43 and a part of the rear butt 153 equipped with an eccentric
opening 163, a second
ring-shaped chamber acting as seat for a second sealing ring 133 (or rear
sealing ring) is generated
and radially adjusted to the rear end of the controlling stem 63.
The fourth modality depicted in Fig. 11 (closed valve) and Fig. 12 (open
valve)
functionally behaviors in a similar way to the third modality, but with a more
compact constitution.
Due to its structure, the valve of this modality is suitable to be
manufactured in such polymers as
polypropylene or a similar one.
The valve of this modality is made up of just two parts and one sealing ring.
A first part constituting the valve of the fourth modality is the valve body
14, which has a
substantially cylindrical cavity 24, opened in one of the ends of said valve
body. In its closed end,
this valve body 14 includes a controlling stem 64 axially projecting both to
the inside of cavity 24
and the outside of said valve body, this controlling stem 64 being joint to
the valve body 14 through
a perimetric membrane 194, which is conformed in the same body. The
controlling stem 64 has a
skew hole 184 preferably communicating the center of its outer portion with a
zone of the mantle of
its inner portion, that is, the portion located in cavity 24 before the zone
in which a sealing ring 84 is
located.
A second part is a rear butt 154 which blocks in part the rear part of valve
body 14. This
rear butt 154 has a flow inlet hole 164 and a projection of the ring-shaped
butt 44 adjusted in cavity
24 of valve body 14, thus defining a forward ring-shaped chamber which acts as
seat for the sealing
ring 84, this being radially adjusted in the mantle of the inner portion of
the controlling stem 64.
With the valve balanced, that is, closed as shown in Fig. 11, the flow enters
through
opening 164 of the rear butt 154, said flow being confined in chamber 144
(formed in cavity 24,
between the sealing ring 84 and the rear butt 154), so that the flow may not
flow out through the
skew hole 184 of the controlling stem 64, since this region is watertight
isolated from chamber 144.
When a skew force is applied to the outer portion of the controlling stem 64
(arrow 94),
this is angularly deviated swiveling in the membrane zone 194, which is
elastically strained, so that
the inner end of the controlling stem 64 radially compresses a portion of the
sealing ring 84,
generating a port 104 in the totally opposed portion to that compressed, the
flow passing through it
having to be exhausted through the skew hole 184.
When the destabilizing force has ceased, the elastic nature of membrane 194
and of sealing
ring 84, allows the re-establishment of the controlling stem alignment 64, and
the sealing ring 84
recovers its full contact with the periphery of said stem 64.
7
~~15~6~
The fifth modality of the valve, according to the invention, is depicted in
Figs. 13 to 15 and
consists in a perimetric distribution compound valve with a generally axial
flow inlet, and several
perimetric outlets, preferably radial, each one of them equipped with its
corresponding valves. A
controlling stem blocks all outlet valves when it is in an axial balanced
position and controls the
flow outlet to one of the valve outlets, as the controlling stem is angularly
deviated in the direction
of the corresponding outlet valve.
When this compound valve is designed with two outlets, then its structure is
of the "T"
type, unlike its structure when designed with several outlets, in which case
the valve body is circular
with outlets being perimetrically distributed.
According to Figs. 13 to 15, this fifth modality is compounded b; a preferably
circular
valve body 15 with several radial outlets 115 and with one preferably axial
inlet 25. Each radial
outlet 115 has a valve 5 as those explained in the first, third or fourth
modality, or some variation of
them.
Especially in Figs. 13 to 15, two valves 5 have been depicted similar to those
of the
modalities already mentioned, made up of an axial stem 65 (axial with respect
to the outlet 115, but
radial with respect to the valve body 15), perimetrically surrounded in an
intermediate point of it
through a sealing ring 85, which is seated in a ring-shaped cavity generated
between the outlet 115
of the valve body 15 and an end ring-shaped butt 155 adjusted in said outlet
115. The end of each
axial stem 65 receiving the controlling force is in this case that located
inside the valve and each one
of these ends is controlled by a driving disk 205 linked to an axial or main
controlling stem 605,
which is mounted on a sealing ring with radial contact 215 that prevents the
leak of the flow through
narrowing or opening 35 of the valve body 15 through which said main
controlling stem 605 leaves.
When a skew force is applied to the main controlling stem 605 represented by
arrow 95
(see Fig. 13 or Fig. 15), this swivels around opening 35 and the driving disk
205 deviates the
corresponding axial stem 65 of the corresponding valve 5 related to one of the
outlets 115, radially
compressing a portion of the sealing ring 85 of said valve 5 in particular,
generating a flow outlet
port 105 in the totally opposed portion to said sealing ring 85. Under this
condition, the rest of the
driving disk 205 moves away from the remaining axial stems associated with the
other valves 5, so
that the corresponding outlets 115 keep closed due to the action of their
sealing rings 85.
Once the deflecting force applied to the main controlling stem 605 has ceased,
the sealing
ring 85 associated with outlet 115 which was opened, recovers its shape
aligning the corresponding
axial stem 65, closing said outlet and aligning the driving disk 205, so that
the compound valve
becomes completely closed, as shown in Fig.14.
In all modalities already described, it has been shown that while the
controlling stem is
deflected by a cross force, the valve is in an opened condition, and when said
force ceases, the
controlling stem automatically centers itself and the flow passage is blocked.
In these versions, it
has been also shown that the controlling stem may be destabilized in any
direction.
8
. 2i ~sgt~(~
In some applications, it is advisable that the controlling stem becomes locked
in the
position of opened valve and, by the express application of a cross closing
force, the valve becomes
closed. Fig. 16 depicts the locking devices of the controlling stem outside
the valve body. These
locking devices make it possible to lock said controlling stem in the
condition of opened valve
permanently until its unlocking. Should the controlling stem be deviated in
the opposed direction to
that of locking, being brought beyond its center position, then, the valve
becomes temporarily
opened, while the destabilizing force acts on said stem.
It is also advisable for certain applications to have devices limiting the
direction in which
the stem may be destabilized.
The preferred locking devices in this invention are shown in Fig. 16 and are
made up of
two fins 226 parallel and totally opposed each other, tangent to narrowing 36
of the valve body 16,
through which the controlling stem 66 projects. In the inner side of each fin
226, the corresponding
axial ribs 236 may be found, arranged in a parallel direction to that of the
central axle of the valve
and displaced with respect to it, so that when the controlling stem 66 is
displaced (upwards in this
case), it is pressed against the axial ribs 236 separating fins 226, which are
elastically strained to
allow said controlling stem 66 to move beyond the axial ribs 236, which shall
hold back said
controlling stem in an unbalanced position, allowing the permanent passing of
flow (see left section
of Fig.19). The self centering tendency of the controlling stem due to the
action of the sealing rings
(not shown in Fig.16) is not enough to strain fins 226, which shall yield
under the application of an
external centering force to said controlling stem.
Notwithstanding the fact that the locking devices preferred in this invention
have been
mentioned, they may be different; the axial ribs 236 may be replaced for
example with ribs or
projections, which shall perform the same function with respect to the
temporary fixing of the
controlling stem 66.
Figs. 17 to 19 show the left section of the example depicted in Fig. 16,
representing,
therefore, a valve of the invention having locking devices (fins 226 and ribs
236).
Fig. 17 shows the valve in a not locked, opened condition. This condition is
achieved when
a cross force is downwardly applied to the controlling stem 66, that is, in a
direction opposed to that
in which the axial ribs 236 may be found, so that when the action of the force
ceases, the valve
becomes closed due to the self centering characteristics of the controlling
stem, assuming the
condition depicted in Fig. 18.
Fig. 20 (closed valve) and Fig. 21 (opened valve) show the left section of a
portion of a
valve which is similar to that shown by Fig. 16, but without locking fins or
ribs, in which the
controlling stem 67 may be driven in any direction as shown in the modalities
corresponding to
Figs. 1 to 15. To this effect, the opening or narrowing 37 of the valve body
17 has a diameter which
is slightly greater than the diameter of the controlling stem 67.
9
f
2 i lSgt~(v
Figs. 22 and 23 depict the left section of the portion of a valve similar to
that shown in Fig.
16, but without locking fins or ribs (Fig. 22 shows a closed valve and Fig. 23
an opened valve). The
portion of the valve body 18 has a forward end opening or narrowing 38, which,
unlike the previous
modalities, is oblong, so that the controlling stem 68 may be displaced from
its centered position
just to two opposed eccentric positions (one degree freedom), each one of them
without locking
devices, so that the valve is temporarily opened, while some force is applied
to the controlling stem
68. Depending on the application, it is obvious that opening or narrowing 38
may have a different
shape from the oblong one, star-shaped for example; as the controlling sam is
required to be
controlled only in certain directions.
Some obvious variations of the valves already illustrated shall be considered
included in
this report, as well as some applications of them.
A first group of obvious variations consists in modifying the action of the
controlling
spindle, so that it may act through a parallel displacement to its axis,
unlike the way shown for the
different preceding modalities, in which the action of said controlling
spindle was achieved through
its angular displacement.
A group of these obvious variations may result from the installation of
different drivers
arranged in the free end of the controlling stem, such as flags which increase
the action area of a
force (pressure) to angularly displace said controlling stem. Then, in the
case of flags, the passing
flow may be driven by the pressure exerted on this flag through a blowing
(applicable in the case of
washbasins for instance) or through the pressure exerted by the jet of some
liquid (applicable in the
case of urinals for instance).
Another group of obvious variations may result from certain applications as
controlling
valves of other valves handling greater flows, as the case when one of the
valves of the invention is
installed to actuate a membrane valve, starting the pressure differential
required by them to allow
the passing of the flow.
Even another group of obvious variations associated with certain applications
may be the
incorporation of an external spring destabilizing the controlling stem and
perform the fastening to
said controlling stem in its centered position (closed valve) by some resin or
wax melting down at a
preset temperature, thus a valve for fire control being obtained.
These valves may be also controlled by the cross force exerted on the
controlling stem by a
bimetal foil deflected with temperature changes.
These and other possible variations result from such special features of these
valves, such
as sensitivity and compact size.
Some of the countless applications may include the pressure regulation,
dosing, irrigation,
sprayers, fire control systems, reservoir level control, valve control
(diaphragm, piston or others),
etc
:r
