Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
1 2~2~
~. Catalytic converter for the catalytic treatment of
~., exhaust ~as
i
.~ BACKGROUND OF ~HE INVENTION
1. Field of the invention
.~ 5 The invention relates to a catalytic converter
s~ for the catalytic treatment of exhaust gas. The
catalytic converter i~ provided in particular to puri~y
. and/or to detoxi~y exh~u~t gas from an internal
combustion engine, for ex~nple a ga~oline combustion
engine, by a catalytic trea~ment, i.e. to free said :
. exhaust gas from pollutants, by converting the latter by
a chèmical reaction. The internal combustion engine may
~, belong, for example, to an automobile or other motor
~ vehicle or may be used for ~tationary operation - for
:~1 15 example or driving an emergency power gen~rator.
. 2. Description of the prior art
Known catalytic converters have a housing with
an inlet and an outlet for the exhaust ~as. The housing
contains gas-permeable catalyst mean6 in which the ~:
: 20 exhaust gas is catalytically treated during operation of
the catalytic converters. The catalyst means have, for
example, a catalyst support frequently designated a
substrate or a plurality o~ catalyst support~ or
substrates through which the exhaust gas flows in
succession during operation.
. ~ European Patent Disclo3ure 0 514 326 discloses,
! inter alia, cataly~ic con~erters ha~ing hou~ings which
~ have a cylindrical lateral wall and two ~lat end wall~ .
`j and contain catalyst mean3 having a~ least one annular
`1, 30 catalyst suppor~. T~e or each annular eatalyst support
:! has an outer surface, an inner surface and passag~
running from the inner surface to the outer ~urface. In
the case of the catalytic converters ~hown in Figure~ 6
~, and 10 of the cited publication, the inlet communicates
2~2~3~
~:, with an inner ~pace enclo~ed by the lnner surface of an
annular catalyst support. During operatio~ of the~e
catalytic con~erter~, the exhaust ga~ ~13w~ through the
inlet into the inner sp~ce, is deflec~ed outward ~herein
and flows ~rom the inside to the outside through the
catalyst ~upport into an outer, annular cavity. -
j Investiqations have shown that the flow rate and the
,''J flow d~nsi~.y of the exhaust gas in the catal~st ~upports
.~ varjes slig~ltly along the axis, the distribution o~ the
flow density also depending on ~he amount o~ exhaust ga~
:, fed in per unit ti~e. The inhomogeneity of the flow
distribution reduceY the efficiency of the catalyst
supports and also causes axially inhomogeneous heating,
so th~t the catal~st supports have to have larger
dimen~ions than would be the case with an exhaust ga~
flow homogeneou~ly distributed over the axial extension
of the catalyst ~uppor~s. A fiurther disadvantage of the
catalytic converters d~awn in Figures 6 and 10 ofi the
cited publication i5 that their housin~s - ba~ed on the
amount of exhaust g~s ~o be treated - have a r~ther
large diameter, which makes it more dlfficult to arrange
the ~atalytic converters under an automobile. It would
be pos~ible for the outer and inner diameter~ of the
annular cataly~t ~upports to be smaller and in turn the
2.'. axial dilnension of the annular catalyst ~upport8 to be
increased in size so that the volume of the cataly~t
supports remain~ constant. In this ca~e, however, the
axi~l inhomo~eneity of the flow distribution in the
catalyst supports is greater.
In the case of catalytic converter drawn in
Figure 5 of th~ cited publication, the i~let
communicates with a deflection cavity which is conne~te~
to ~n annular, outer cavity present between the lateral
w~ f the housin~ and the outer surface o~i the annular
catalyst support, which sur~ace widen~ conically away
~2~3~
, .
from t~e inlet. During operation of this catalytic
'. converter, the exhaust gas flow~ through the inlet into
;,, the d~flection cavi~y, is deflected outward in this
.~ cavity, enters the outer cavity, flows lnto the catalyst
~ 5 support at the outer surf~ce of said support, flow3
', through the cataly3t support into an inner space and
; leav~s the catalytic converter throu~h the outlet. ~he
J' conical outer surfac~ of the catalyst su~ort i~proves
the homogeneity o~ the flow density in the catalyst
support. Since this consi~ts of annular, corrugated
sheet me~al memb~rs having diameterg changing ~radually
~i along the ~xi~, the production of ~his catalyst su~port
, however, expen~ive. Furthermore, i~ the ca~e o~ the
! ca~alytic converter according to Fig. 5 as incid~ntally
al~o in the case of the catalytic converters according
to Figures 1 to 3 and 7 ~o 9 of the cited publication,
the exhauQ~ gas can come into contact with large wall
part~ o~ the hou~ing and, ~ia the~e, relea~e a
relat.ively lar~e amount of heat to the enviro~ment
befor~ it flows into the catalyst gupport, In ~he case
- of a so-called cold start, i.e. when the catalytic
converter i9 ap~roximately at ambient temperature at the
beginning o~ the exhaust gas feed, this has the
disa~vantage that it ~a~eg a relatively long time for
th~ ca~alyst suppor~ to reach the temperature r~uired
~or ef~icient exhaust gas treatment.
The catalytic conver~er disclosed in Germ~n ~ .
Patent Disclosure 2 201 881 has a housing with a
cylindrical lateral wall which is connected, by
.~0 tran~ition sections tapering conically away from said
lateral wall, to cylindrical connectio~ pieceq which
serv~ as inlet and outlet for the exhaust gas. The
hou~ing contain~ a catalyst supporC having axial
passages for t.he exhaust gas. The cataly~ support is
.~5 for the mose part cylindrical but has, a~ itB end
. i
~ -- 4 2125~3~
::? loc~ted clos~r to the inlet, an end section which i~ in
,"! the form o~ a truncated cone and project3 into the
'~ conical transition section o thP housing. According to
the drawing in thi~ publication, the cataly~t ~uppor~
~ 5 has, at right angle~ to its axi~ and hence at right
r~ angles to the direction of flow of the exhau~t ~ae
flowing through i~, a cross-sectional area which i9 only
about four times as large a~ the cross-~ectional area of
the cavities bordered by the connection pieces. The
exhau~t gas therefore flows throu~h the catalyst support
at a relatively high veloci~y. The individual pa~ages
o~ t:he catalyst support must there~ore have relsti~ely
large cros~-sectional dimensions, since otherwise the
j flow resi~tance and the pressure lo~s are very lar~e.
~ ",
~ 15 However, the consequence of large cross-gectional
,j .
dimensions o~ the indiYidual pagsage~ i5 tha~1
exhaus~ gas flowing through the catalys~ su~ort ha~
only relatively little contact with those sur~aces of
. ~he ca~alyst support which are co~ted with catalytically
active material and border the pa~s~ge9. ~he ~a~sage6
;
must therefore b~ relatively long, which increa~e~ the
~ ~low resistance and pressure 105s in an undesirable
.~ manner. ~urthermore, the volume, the weight and
produc~ion cost~ of the catalyst support are relatively
. 25 high, ba~ed on the amounts of exhaust ga~ ~lowing
throu~h the catalytic converter per unit time.
. According to the last-cited publication, the truncated
¦ cone-like end ~ection of the catalyst ~upport is
`I intended to digtribute the exhaust gas flowing in
through the inlet uniformly over the entire cro~-
sectional area o~ the cataly~t suppor~. ~owever, the
proprietor of the present patent a~lication ha
performed nume~ical flow calc~lationg for a similarly
formed cacalytic converter which show that the flo~
density in the c~t~lyst ~upport is still d~pendent on
.,
.
1, .
;
~ 2~5~3~
~.;
.'r 5
:. j
the di~tance from the axis and is lower in the outercro~s-sectional reyions than in the middle cro~s-
,! ~ectional region. Since, according to the dra~ing of
~,l the last-cited publication, ~he conical tran~ition
~ection of the housing, which section is adjacent to the
inl~t conn~ction piece, make~ a rather large angl~,
,~ namely a~ ~ngle of ~bout 30, with the axi~, there i9
fur~hermore the danger, in the case o~ high flow
velocities, t1la~ ~he exhaust gas flow, on e~tering that
region of the inner space oP ~he housing which i9
bordered by th~ conical tran~ition ~ection, will become
detached ~rom its wall and will become turbulent,
increa3ing the flow resi3tance.
~ The catalytic converter disclosed in British
,, 15 Patent Di~closure 2 128 893 has a hollow cylindrical
catalyst 3uppor~. The inlet o~ the catalytic converter
communicates with the inner space enclo3ed ~y the
cylindrical inner ~urface of the catalytic converter.
¦ The cylindrical outer surface and that end surface of
the catalyst support which faceg the outlet border ~n
outer cavity connec~ed to ~he outlet. The catalyst
.support i~ formed from a coil o~ an originally flat wire -~ -
cloth and of a corrugated wire cloth and i3 gas-
permeable bot~ in the axial and in the radial direction,
During operation of the catalytic converter, the exhaust
gas flows into the catalyst support at the cylindrical
inner surface o~ said support and then out of the
catalyst support again partly at the cylindrical outer
surface and partly at the ~lat end surface of t~e
cataly~t support. This catalytic converter has the
disa~vantage that the flow velocity and flow den~ity o
the exhaust gas flowing into the cataly~t ~uppor~ at th~
inner surface of said support vary ra~her con~iderably
along the axis. Fur~hermore, the exhaust gas covers
distance~ in the catal~st support which are of dif~erent
.i
,:`!
" - 2~2~
,
.. , 6
len~ths and in ~ome case~ only very short and said
exhau~t g~s i3 therefore catalytically treated only
. insufficiently in part.
,.j
~he catalytic converter disclosed in U.S. Patent
3,736,10~ ha~ a hou~ing and cataly~t meAn~ which hav~. an
inner and an outer, conical cataly~t ~ed o~ an~ul~r
.1 cross-~ection, Each catalyst bed is bordered by
perforate~, conical lateral walls and ha~ a particulate
material arranged between ~aid lateral walls. The inlet
con~lunicates with the inner space enclosed by the inner,
~3~ conical lateral wall. S~id inner ~pace ta~ers away from
~ii the i~let but has, at its end opposite the inl~t, a
~,i diameter which i~ still about 30~ of the diameter o~
;~! that end of the inner ~pace which i9 connected to the
inlet. The flow velocity and flow den~ity of the
exhau~t gas flowing into the inner catalyst bed at the
I inner lateral wall of ~aid cataly~t bed varies rather
``~i considerably along the axis in the case o~ thi~
catalytic converter too. The exhaust gas distribu~ion
lii 20 is also dependent in p~rticular on the velocity and
,i amount of exhaust gas flowing through the inlek, Since
~ t~e catalyst hed consist~ of a particulate material, the
`I density and ~a~ permeability of the bPd may differ from
j place to place and may vary in the course o~ tim~.
i 25 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is ~n object o the inventlon to provide a
catalytic converter by mean~ of which disadv~ntage~i of
the known catalytic converters can be a~oided. It i8
intended in particular to achieve during operation a8
~ 30 homogeneous a distribution as po~ible o~ the flow
i density over an inner surface of the catalys~ me~n8 and
as low a ~low ~esistance as possible. ~urthermora, the
cat~ly~ic convPrter should be capable of being readily
i in~talled under the bottom o~ an automobile and of being
1 35 economicall~ produced and should rapidly provide good,
,- !
2~31
. ..~
.; catalytic exhau~t gas ~reatmen~ during a cold ~tart.
! Thi~ object is achieved, according to the
j invention, by a catalytic Converter for th~ catalytic
~ treatment o~ exhaust gas, in particular exhaust gas from
an internal combu~tion engine, having an axis, a housing
and ca~aly~t means arranged therein, the housing having
,~ a lateral wall surrounding the axis, an inlet connected
-`~ t.o an inner ~pace, and an outlet, the cataly~t means
having an inner surfac~ bordering ~he inner spac~, an
outer surface facing the lateral wall and pas~ages
running from the inner surface to the outer ~urface,
; and an outer cavity being prese~t between the lateral
wall and th~ outer surface of the cataly~t mean~,
-j wherein a limiting member which is located at lea~t
;l 15 partly in the inner ~pace and ha~ a limi~ing ~ur~ace i9
pr~sent, which limiting surface together with the inner
~urface o~ the cataly~ means borders a free inner space
region and approaches the inner surface of the catalyst
means at l~ast in a part of the inner space away from
the inlet, 50 that the cro~-sectional area of the free
inner space region decreases away ~rom the inlet at
least in the ~t~ted part o~ ~aid region.
The housing and the ca~alyst means may be, for
~xample, essentially rotationally sy~metrical with the
1 ~5 axi~ of the cataly~ic con~erter. The cat~lyst means may
`~i then have a hollow cylindrical catalyst support of
circular cross-section.
The housing and/or the inner surface o~ the
~ catalyst means and/or the outer ~urface of the catalyst
`' 30 means may, however, also be non-rotationally symmetrical
wi~h the axis of the catalytic converter. The housing
o~ ~he catalytic converter may then have, ~or ex~mple, a
Lateral surface with an oval or oval-type cro~s-
~ectional shape. ~urthermore, the catalyst mean~ may
then have, for example, an outer surface or peripheral
A 2 1 2 ~ 1 3 1
~ur~ce with a shape with an oval or oval-type cros3-
section~ The term "~val-type ~hape" i~ also intended to
include ellipses and reccan~les in which the apices or
even th~ entire shorter sides are replaced by arcs. A
5 longer main axis and a shorter secondary axis ~t right
'!;I anyles thereto can be assiyned to the oval or oval-type
shape or line, analogously to an ~llipse and an oval.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The subject of the invention i~ illustrated with
10 refc~ence to embodim~nts shown in th~ drawingi. In the
drawings,
ij Fig. 1 shows an axi~l section through a ca~alytic
~j converter,
Fig. 2 s~lows a cross-~ection through the catalytic
conv~rter along the line II-II o~ Fig. 1,
Fig. 3 shows an axial section through another catalytic
con~erter,
~ig. 4 show~ a cro~ ection through the catalytic
converter accordin~ to Fig. 3, along the line
320 IV-IV of the latter,
Fig. 5 shows a section through a ~atalyst ~upport o~
i~ the cat~lytic converters on a larger scale and
Fig. 6 i3hows a section ~hrough another catalyst
suppo~t.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The catalytic converter 1 3hown in Figures 1 and
~ 2 and intended for the catalytic treatment of exhaui3t
¦ gas has a central axi~ and/o~ longitudinal axis 2 and an
¦ elongated housin~ 3, ~or example essentially
30 rotati.onally sym~etrical with the axis 2. ~he housing 3
has a ~etallic wall consi~ting, for example, of
~tainless st~el and havin~ a lateral w~ll 4 surrounding
¦ t~e ~xi~ 2 and ~n end wall 5 and 6 at each of the ends
of said lateral wal]
The lateral wall i~ par~llel to the axis 2,
i
.i., ~ 212Z~3~
: :~ ` 9
` e~sentially cylindrical and, for example, e3sentially
,~ .
~ circular in cross-s~c~ion~ The lateral wall 4 con~ists,
, ,i
for example, of ~ sheet ~etal piece which iZ3 curved to
.;j form a cylinder and has edgeZ3 which are p~rallel t~ the
-"; ~ axis 2 and are flanged and/or folded and joined to one
another by a flange joint and/or folded joint 7. The
edgeZ3 of the lat~ral wall 4 which are located at the two
ends of said wall are connected by flange joints ~nd/or
.Z f~lded joints 8 and 9 to the two end walls 5 and 6,
resZpecl~ively, which are li~ewise ormed from sheet metal
- piece'3. The end walls 5 and 6 have, in the center, ~ -
"Z c~llar which projectZ away from the lateral wall and
ii, b~rders a hole 5a or 6a. The housing furthermore h~s an
let 10 and an outlet 11 ~or the ~xhaust gas. The
~Z 15 inlet 1.0 and theZ ouZclet 11 are coaxial with the axi~ 2
,'Z an~ ~ach con3ist of a connection piece which projects
'Z into the hol~ Sa or 6a, and the connection piece
~i bZ~longing ~o Z~ihe inlet 10 may project through the hole
5a slightly into ~ihe space surrounded by Z~he lateral
1 20 wall 4. The two connection pieces are connected firmly
;
, and tightly ~o the end wall 5 or 6, namely welded to the
collar bordering the hole 5a or 6a. The inlet 10 and
~h2 outlet 11 have, at their ends opposite the lateral
wall, a cylindrical end s~ction lOa or lla and ~
transitionZ ~Zection lOb or llb widening conically away
from said end section toward the end walls. Of the two
conical transition sections lOb, llb, at least the
transition section lOZb belonging to the inlet 10 ~hould
make an an~le with the ~xis 1 which il?il pre~erably not
more than 20, ~or example, not more than 15.
Zl Catalyst mean~ 20 Are ~rr~nged in ~he hou3ing.
The,se have ~n annular and/or ~leeve-like catalys~
Z support 21 which ~urround~ a central ~XiZ3 and/or
longitudinal axiZ3 2, i9 CoRXi~l with ~aid axis and i~
Z 35 ~requently referreZ~ to in technical langu~ge a,~Z a
.,~Z
;: :
212~
:,', 10
substrate. ~rhe catalyst support 21 h~s an inner surface
'J 21~ and an outer surface 21b. In a cro~-section ~t
~, ri~h~ angles to the axis 2, th~ two surfaces 21~, 21b
j, are circu~ar and are parallel to the axis 2 and to the
;~l 5 la~eral wall 4. The cataly~t support 21 thus form~ a
hollow cylinder havin0 a circular cross^section. As
will be described in more detail, th~ ca~alyst support
21 ha~ a number of annular sheet metal members which are
~djac~nt to one another and on which at least one
catalytically active noble metal is applied and which
~l ~ogether border paY~ages for the exhaust gas which are
" denoted by 22 in Fig 1. The pas~ages 22 run
essentially along plane~ at right angles to ~he axi~ 2,
,l ~rom the inner ~iur~ace 21a to the outer surface 21b.
`The catalyst means 20 furthermore have retaining
mean,s 2,4 which hold together the sheet metal members and
connect the packet of sheet metal member3 which forms
the catalyst 8upport 21 to the housin~ 3. The retaining
means ~ have, for example, a metal ~leeve 25 which
passes through the catalyst support 21. The ~lee~e 25
h~.s ~n inner surface 25a and an outer ~urface 25b and is
cylindrical, so that the inner ~urface 25a and the outer
~urface 25b are parallel to the ~xis 2. The inner
sur~ace 25a and outer surface 25b are circular in cro~s-
section. The internal diame~er of the ~leeve 25 i9
approximately, and preferably exactly, equal to the
~l internal diameter of that end of the inlet 10 which i~
¦ closer to the end wall 5, i.e~ of the ~urther ~nd of the
conical i~let ~ection lOb. The external diameter o~ the
sleeve 2S i~, for example, slightly smaller than the
¦ interna1 diameter o~ the catalyst support 21 formed by
;! annular sheet metal member~, so that a narrow gap of
circular cross-section i~ present between ~aid support
and the sleeve 25. ~o~ever, the external diameter of
>5 the ~leeve 25 may instead be equal to the iDternal
;
- 212~3~
.,, 1 1
,,
.3 diameter of the catalyst suppor~ 21, ~o tha~ the latter
.~ surrounds the sleeve 25 tightly and withou~ pl~y. The
,1 sle~ve is provided with perforation~, which are formed
~ by a large number of r~dial holes 25c.
l S It ~hould be noted here that Figure3 1 and 2 are
.~ in part not drawn to scal~ and that in particular the
wall thicknesse~ of the housing parts, ~he dimensions
measured parallel to the axis 2 ~nd ~acings between the
i passages 22 and the dimensions and spacings o~ the holes
25c are in reality much smaller than those dra~n in
Figures 1 and 2, in comparison with the outer dimensions
o~ the housing 3 and o~ the catalyst support 21.
;. Fu~thermore, in reality the hole~ 25c have dimens~ons
and are distributed in such a way that ~he holes 25c
lS overlap without ~aps along the axis 2. ~oreover, the
~i~ catalyst supports 21 and ~lee~e 25 are ~o~med in ~uch a
way that exhaust ga~ flowi~g through the holes 25a can
flow into all passages 22 during operation of the
l ca~alyti~ converter 1. The exhaust g~s can at lea~t
partly pass ~rom ~oles 25c, in the direction radi~l to
t.hH axis 2 ~ iIltO a passage 23. If an annular gap is
pr~sent between the catalyst support 21 and ~he slee~e
25, the e~laust ~as can, during operation~ al~o be
j distributed in said gap and ~low bet~een the holes 25c
! 25 adjac~nt. to one another, along the inner ~urface 21a o~
~he catalyst support 21 and the outer sur~ace 25b of the
s].eeve 25~ If the sleeve 25 is considered a~ part of
the catalyst means 20, the holes 2Sc of the sleeve 25,
~¦ together with the passages 22 of the cataly9t ~upport
1 30 21, form the passages 22, 25c of the total catalyst
~ means 20.
¦ Th~ slee~e 25 con~ist~ of a ~etallic material,
' ~or example stainless ~eel, and, at it~ end closeat to . .
I the inlet 10, is firmly and tightly connec~ed to said
! 35 inlet. The sleeve 25 and the connection piece~ ~orming
;,
2 ~ L 3 ~
~. '. .,
1 2
" ., .
. ~
~.~ th~ irllet 10 can, for example, ~onsist of ori~inally
~,
'; separate parts and can be f irmly and tightly ~elded to
;, one another i.n the plane de~ined by the inner ~ur~ace of
I:he c~nd w~ll 5 or, at a srnall distance from ~aid plane,
:- 1
;l 5 in the ~pace surrounded by the lateral wall 4. However,
the inlet lO and the sleeve 25 may also consi~t o~ a
single member. Furthermore, instead o~ being welded
directly to the connection pieces forming the inl~t 10,
the sleeve 25 could be welded to ~he end wall 5 and
cvnllec~ed vla t}le la~ter to ~le last-mentioned
connect.ion pi.ece.
l~he r~taining mean8 24 fur~hermore have a
r~taining member 25. This consists oE a small flat,
.1 circ~lar, metallic plate who~ diameter is approximately
eclu~l to the external diameter of the catalys~ ~upport
21. The retaining member 26 i9 fastened ~irmly and
ti~h~ly a~ that end of the sleeve 25 which is furtheYt
,.,~
~l away from the inl~t 10, i.e. is welded to said end. The
cataly~t su~por~ 21 i~ arranged between the end wall 5
¦ ~o alld the retai.ning member 26 and is, for example,
~irectly adjacent to the end wall 5 and the retaining
memb~r 26 so ~hat the end wall 5 and the retaining
memb~r ~6 ~lold together the annular sheet meeal member~
of ~h~ cataly~t support 21.
In cro~-section, the inlet 10 surrounds an
inlet innex space 31. The catal~t mean~ 20 and the
sleeve 2~ border and surround ~ inner space 32 o~ th~
catalyst means or inner cavity 32 which i~ connected to ~:
~;~ the inlet inne~ ~pace 31 and is tightly closed, at its
~ 30 end ~urthest away ~rom the inlet 10, by the retaining
.1 member 26 which also serve~ as a terminating member. A
limitiny and/or guide element 33 i9 arranged a~ least
I partly in the inner space 32 o~ the eatalyst means and
has a limiting and/or gl-ide surface 33a which at least
partly f~ce~ the inner suxface 25a of the sleeve 25 and
, in cross-section, ~
,~
,
''. -` 2~2~fl3~
:. 13
~' hff?nce also ~he inner surface 21a of the catalyst 9upport
21. Said surface 33a approaches f~he inner surfacq~21a
i:, arld 25a at least in a part of the inner 3pace 32, in a
;!f direction away from the inlet lCf. A part o~ the
J !:j limiting and/or guide surface 33a extending along ae
,f least 50% of the axial dimension, i.e. thef dimension,
i measured parallel to ~he axis 2, of f~he catalyst mean~
:~ and of the inner sur~aces 21a and 25a, and preferably a
~' part of the limiting and/or guide surface 33a extending
essen~ially alon~ the en~ire axial dimension of the
catalyst mean~ and of the inner sur~aces 21a and 25a, is
I, inclined outward away from the axis 2 ~oward the inner
:' surfaces 21a and 25a, in a direcfcion away from the inl~t
i 10. The limiting and/ox guide sur~ce 33a i_f curved at
f 15 ~hat end 33b o~ the limiting and~or guide membefr 33
~ which is clo~er to the inlet 10, at least in the axial
:ll section drawn in Fig. 1 and namely also in all other,
3 possible axial sections, and is continuously cohesive
~f with a region o~ the surface 33a which faces the inner
¦ '20 surfaces 21a and 25a. Fur~hermore, essentially the
I entire surf~ce 33 present in the inner 3pace 32 ha~
f convex curvature, at least in fche axial ~ection drawn in
ff Fig. 1 and namely also in all other possible axial
, cfections, and i~ at least only approximately parabolic.
¦ 25 The limiting and/or gui~e me~ber 33 accordingly consists
oE ~ ~lollow Inf_ll~er w~lich is rotf~tionally symmetrical
I relaf~i~fef to t~le axis 2 and at lea3t approximatfefly and
I essentially parabolic, and is fastened, at it~ thicker
end further away ~rom fche inlet 10, rigidly and tightly
to the retaining mernber 26 and/or to the qlee~e ~5, for
example by a weld joint. That end 33b of the limiting
and/or guide member 33 which fonms ~he vertex c~ the
paraboloid is approximat~ly in the plane which i f at
right angleY fCO the axig 2 and in which the inlet lO
col~fmunicateS wi.th the inr~er space 32 o~ the catalyst
!, .
2~2~
., 1~
! means. In the inner space 32, the limiting ~ndJor guide
member 33, together with the sleeve 25 ~urrounding ~aid
inne~ sp~c~., border3 a free inner gpace region 32a which
;( has an annular cross-~iection. ~he cros~-qiectional area
.. ~ of the i nn~r space region 32a decreaseY along the axis 2
~ in a direction away from the inlet 10, at least
:,1 approximately or exactly line~rly with the di~tance from
the in~ et 10 and from the end 33b of the limiting and/or
guide ~ember 33. ~hat end bf the limiting and/or guide
, l.0 ~urface 33a which is further away from the inlet 10
~ comes i.nto contact with the inner surface 25a of the
`, ~Leeve 25 or, at right angles ~nd radially to the axisi
:l 2, is a distance away from ~aid inner ~urface which is
! not mor~ than 5% and pr~ferably not more than 3% of the
diameter of the inner surface 25a and of the inner ~p~ce
33.
An outer c~vity 34 has a section which extends
b2tween the lateral wall 4 and the outer surface 21b of
the catalyst support 21, f-~om the end wall 5 to th~ end ~ :
wall 6, and a section pre~ient between the end wall 6 and
~he ~et~iining member 26. The outer cavity 3~ is
separated from the inner inle~ space 31 and from the
inner space 32 of the cataly~t means by the catalyst ~-
support 21, the sleeve 25 and the retainin~ member 26~ :
The inner surface 25a o~ the slee~e 25, which
surround~ the inner space 32 of the catalyst ~ean~i in
cro~s-~ection also ~orms the inner ~ur~ace of the entire
catalyst mean~ 20 and, during opexation, serves as an
1 exhaust ~as entry surface of the catalyat means 20. ~he
3 30 inner ~urface 21 of the catalyst suppor~ 21 accordingly
i ~orms it5 exha~ t gas entry surface. The outer ~ur~ace
¦ 21b of the catalyst support 21 Al50 ~orm3 the outer
1 surface and the ~xhaust gas exit ~urface of ~he e~tire
catalyst means 20.
The length, i.e. the dimensiion of the cataly~t
`~ 2~2~3~
; 15
.
I support 21 measured parallel to the axis 2, i~ at least
.~j equal to the radial di~ance o~ the outer ~urface 21b
from the inner surface 21a and preferably at lea~t twice
and, for example, even at least three time~ lar~er than
~, 5 the statPd distance. The external diameter of the
c~t.alyst member 21 is, for example, at most or approxi-
mately e~ual to the axial dimension of the catalyst
suppor~ 21. Furthermore, the external diameter i~, ~or
example, at most or approximately three time~ greater
than the internal diameter of t~le cylindrical sec~ion
;1. lOa of the inlet 10. The maximum external diameter o~
~i the hou~ing 3 is prefera~ly not more than ~ive time~
:~, greater than the internal diameter and than the external
diameter of the cylindrical section lOa of the inlet lO.
The inner surfaces 21a and 2sa are preferably at lea~t
1~ times and preferably 1~ times greater than ~he c~oss-
sectional area of the inner space o~ ~he cylindrical
in].et .qection lOa.
~he catalytic converter 51 ~hown in Figures 3
and 4 ha~ a central and/or longitudinal axis 52 and a
housinS~ 53. This has a lateral wall 54 and two end
walls 55, 56. The lateral wall 54 and the end wall~ 55,
56 h~ve shapes non~rotationally ~ymmetrical relative to
the axis 52 and are, for example, o an oval or oval-
type shape in a direction of view parallel to th~ axi~
.¦ 52. The end wall 55 has a central hole 55a, which
likewise is o an o~al or oval-type ~hape. The end wall
`¦ 56 has a central hole 56a which i~ circular or may al50
be of an oval or oval-type shape. The housing 53 i~
provided wi~h an inlet 60 and ~n outlet 61. ~he inlet
60 ha~ a cylilldrical section 60a of circular cros~~
i section an~ a transition section 60b which extends from
:~ the cylindrical se~tion 60a into the hole 55a and whose
cross-~ection fit3 tighely therein. Tha axial section
shown in Fi.g. 3 runs through the lon~er main axi~ of t~e
i
.
21~3~
16
;l ov~l defined by the housing 53 and the hole 55a. In the
axial seCtion shown in Fig. 3, the transition ~ection
;~ 60b widens from the cylindrical section 60a toward the
;~ end wall 5~, In an axial sfectioIl running ~hrou~h thef
shorter main axes o~ the oval and at right angle~ to the
plane of intersection v~ Fig. 3, the tran3ition ~ecfcion
60b can - depending on the cros~-sectional dimen~ion of
~f the hole 55a measured in this axial section - become
wider or become narrower in a dire~tion away from the
cylindrical section 60a or be parallel to the axi~ 52.
~rhe outlet 61 like~fise has a cylindrical ~ection 61a of
~3 circular cross-section and a transition ~ection 61b
which extends away from thi3 intv the hole 56a of the
end wall 56. I~ accordance with the shape o~ the hole
f 15 j6a, said transition r-ffection 61b may be rotationally
~ymmetri.cal relative fco the a~is 52 and conic~l or m~y ~-
have an oval or oval-type cross-~ectional sha~e at its
end~ present in the hole 56a.
The housing 53 contains catalyst mean~ 70 having
a c~talyst ~upport 71. This has an inner ~ffurface ~1~
and an ollter surface 71b. The~e surface~ are parallel
to the axis 52 and, in a cross-sfefction at right angles
tO the latter, at leagt approximately oval and at least
approximately par~llel to th~f lateral wall 54. ~he
catalyst support 71 thus orms a hollow cylinder having
, an oval or oval-type crorfs section. The cataly~t
~upport 71 contains and border~ passages 72 for the
. exhaust gas. The catalysf~ meAns 70 furthermore have
~ reftaining means 74 with a sleeve 75 which ha~ an oval or
;' 30 oval-type cross-section and possfftff~es an inner aurf~ce
75a, an outer surface 75b and hole~ 75c. Furthermore, a
~/ retaini~g member 76 belonging to ~he retalning mean~ Jf4
: is present, which retaining member con~iffts o~ a small
flat, oval or oval-ty~e plate.
The inlet 60 surround~, in crocfa-6ection, an
. . .
2~2~3~
: 17
s:, inlet inner space 81 which communicate~ with an inner
i.~ spac~ of ~he ca~alyst means or inner cavity 82
.~ currounded in cross-section by the sleeve 75 and b~ the
ca~aly3t me~ns 70. A limiting and/or guide member 83
which consi~ts of a hollow member faqtened, namely
:~ w~lded, to t~le re~aining member 76 and/or to the ~leeve
.. , 75 and has a limiting and/or guide s~rface 83a on the
$ outside i8 arranged in ~aid inner cavity. That end ~3b
`$ of th~ limiting and/or guide member 83 which is furthest
.,J 10 away from the retaining member 76 is arranged
approxim~t~ly at th~t end of ~he inner space 82 of th~
catalyst means ~hich is closer ~o the inlet, and
project~, for example, slightly out of said inner space
of the catalyst means into the transition section 60b of
~,, 15 the inlet 60. ~he limi~ing and/or guide surface 83a is, :
at least in th~ largest p~rt of the inner space 82 and
preferably ess~ntially in the entire inner ~pace 32,
inclined out~ard away from the axis 52 toward the inner
s~rface 75a o~ the sleeve 75, in a direction a~ay from
~;he inlet 60. In the axial gection shown in Fig. 3, and
for example in all o~her axial section , the large~t
part of the limi~ing ~nd/or guide surface 83a is
stxaight. ~ the end 83b of the member 83, the surface
1 83a h~s a s~ction which is curved in the axial ~ection
sho~n in Fig. 1 and for ~xample in all other axial
sec~ions and which is continuously cohesive with that
region of the limi~ing and/or guide surface 83a which is
straigh~ in the axial sections. Said limiting and~or
guide ~urface has an oval or oval-type shape at its end
furthe~it away ~rom the inlet, in direction of ~iew
parallel to ~he axis 52 and in cros~-~ection, at lea~t
approxi~atel~ parallel to the inner surface 75a o~ the
~leeve 7S, and ha~ dimell~ions ~uch that i~ comeQ into
.I contac~ with the inner surface 75a o.r 1~ at a di~tance
~ 35 away there~rom which i~ not more than 5% and preferably
,~
.~ .
~'
2 ~ L 3 ~
18
not mor~ than 3% o~ the ma~imum diameter, i.e. of the
maximum cross-sectional dimension of the inner space 82,
measured along the longer main axi~ Qf the oval. The
limiting and/or ~uide sur~ace 83a i~, for example, of
oval or oval-type cross-section at lea~t approxima~ely
I up to t~le end 8~b of the member 83 and at least
.~ approxima~ely parallel to the inner surface 75a in
cross-9ec~.ion. In thi~ context, reference may be made
to the cross-section w~lich is ~hown in Fig. 4 and whose
sectional plane runnin~ along the line IV-IV of Fig. 3
is fairly close to the end 83b.
~4 Th~ limi~in~ and/or guide member 83, together
i wi~h the inner surac~ 75a of the sleeve 75, borders a
frce inner space region 82a o~ annular crosR-~ection.
~5 ~urthermore, an ou~r cavity 8~, arranyed analogously to
thc outer c~vity 3~ of the catalytic converte~ 1, and an
ou~let cavity 85 surrounded in cross-section by the
outlet fil are present.
Unless ~tated o~herwise above, the c~talytic
con~er~er 51 may be identical or similar to the
catalytic conv~rter 1. The parts of the catalytic
converter 51 each corres~ond to part~ of the catalytic
converter 1 which are denoted by re~erence symbol~ which
j are smaller by a factor of 50 than the reference aymbols
~ 25 ~crving to d~note the parts of th~ catalytic converter
:~ 51.
;~ ~he catalyst ~u~port 21 and the catalyst support
71 c~n be formed, for example, according to Fig, 5,
;~ which shows a sec~ion ~rom a catalyst support which ~ s
1 30 denoted by 91 in Fig. 5. Th~ catalyst support 91 has a
packet of annular sheet metal members 92 and 93 whiCh
alternate with one another along the axis oP the
cataly~ic converter 1 or 51. One SQt o inner edgeR o~
the sheet metal member~ 92, 93 together for~ the inner
surface 21a or 71a o the catalyg~ support 21 or 71,
.:
2~25~3~
,' 19
, respecti~ely. The other, outer edges o~ the sheet metal
.~ meimbers 92, 93 together form the outer surface 21ib or
~ 71b of the catalyst support 21 or 71 or 91,
,~ respectively. Each sheet metal member 92/ 93 has ~
~ 5 number o~ waves 92a or 93a with wave summl~s 92b or 93b.
.' The waves 92a and wave ~ummics 92b are straight ~nd
parallel to one another and are at right ~ngles to the
pl~ne of the drawiny and plane of the section in Fig. 5.
rhe wave~ 93a and wave summits 93b are li~ewise s~raight
and p~rallel to one another but make a ri~ht angle with
the waves 92a and wave summits 92b and are ~arallel to
the ~lane ~f t~le drawing and plane of ~he section in
Fig. 5. The waves 92a thu~ crocls the wa~e3 93a, as
indicated in Figures 2 and 4 by solid and dashed
1 lS ~traight lines in~ersecting one another.
~wo adjacent sheet metal members 92, 93 come
in~o c~ntact with one another at each of the point~ o
~¦ in~ersection at ~heir ~ave summits projecting toward one
another ~nd hence at a large number o~ approximately
¦ 20 ~oint-like contact sites distributed regularly over
their sur~ace. In the other surface regi~n not
~! oc~upied ~y these poin~-liXe contact ~ites, a ~ree
termediate space which forms the passage of cataly~t
~upport, denoted by 94 in Pig. 5, is present b~tween the
1 25 two adjacent sheet metal members.
! Catalygt 3upports 21 ~nd 71 shown in Figure~ 1
to 4 could also be formed like or replaced by a cataly~t
support as shown in Fig. 6 and denoted by 101. The
catalyst. ~upport 101 ha~ a packet o~ annular sheet metal
members 102 and 103 which al~erna~e wi~h one another an~ ~-
whose edge~ together form the cylindrical inner surface
and cylindrical outer surf~ce of the c~t~lyst support.
I Each sheet metal member 102 has waves 102a with wave
summits 102b. The shee~ metal members 102 are, however,
formed in such ~ way that each wave 102a runs from the
1 2~2~:~3~
~, cylindrical inner surface of the catalyse ~upport 101
.~ ~ow~rd the cylindric~l ou~er surface of the latter. The
./ sheet metal members 103 are flat and rest against the
~:1 wave summits 102b o~ their adjacent sheet metal m~mbers
S 102. A s2leet metal member 102, together ~lith the two
sheet metal members 103 resting against it, bord~rs a
number of passages 104 w~lich run from the inner to the
ou~ surface of the catalyst support and are separated
from one another over their ~ntire length.
Each sheet me~al member 92, 93, 102, 103 ~hown
in Figures 5 and 6 has an inner region or core r~gion
J which con~ists of stainless steel and whose surface~ are
provided with a coating of aluminu~ oxide. Catalytical-
].y active material which contains at least one noble
lC, metal, for example platinum and~or rhodium, is applied
3 to these coatin~s. The ~ave height of the coated ~heet
metal members 93, 94, 102 ~hown in Figures 5 and 6,
m~asured rom wave region t~ wave region, i9 preferably
I not more than 1 ~m and, for example, approximately
`~ 20 Ø3 ~m to 0.'7 mm. The wavelength 1~, for example, twice
to ~our times greater than ~he wave height.
The inlet 10 or 60 o~ a catalytic converter 1 or
1 51, re~pectively, may be connected via par.ts o~ an
exhaust sys~em to the exhaust ga~ outlet o~ ~he gasoline
~ 25 combustio~ engine of an automobile and arr~nged under
j the bottom of the latter. In comparison with the
in~ernal diameter o~ t~l~ cylindrical section lOa and 60a
of the inlet 1~ or 60, re~pectively, and in compari~on
with the amount of exhaust gas to be treated ~er unit
time, the hou3ings of th~ c~alytic converters 1 and 51
~' have relatively s~all ~ros3-sectional dimension~ and can
therefore readily be accommodated.
', ~uring operation of the engine and the ca~alytic
converter, the exhau~t gas flows through the catalytic
~, 35 converter in the directions denoted by arrow~ in Figure~
.~ .
i
"j"~
~s
-~` 2~13:~
~, 21
3 1 and 3. Th~ exhau~t ga3 thus flow~ ~hrough the lnlet
10 or 60 into th~ fr~e region of ~he inner space 32 or
' 82 o~ the catalyst means. Thereafter, the exhaust ~as
firs~ flows through the lateral wall of the sleeve at
the exhaust gas entry surface of the catalyst means 20
.. or 50, which surface iY ~ormed by the inner ~ur~ace 25a,
75a o~ the ~leeve 25 or 75, respectively, and then into
the p2ssa~es 22 or 72 of the catalygt support 21 or 71,
:~. respectively, a~ ~he inner ~urface 21a or 71a, respect-
ively, of said catalyst support. The exhaust gas then
l llow~ t~lrough the cataly~ support and is cataly~ically
3 treated on contact wi~h the surfaces bordering the
,, pa~Ca~e~ 22 or 72. The exhaust gas em~rge~ from the
cataly~t ~upport 21 or 71 at the outer surf~ces 21b or
'7~.b o~ the catalyst support 21 or 71, respectively,
which surface serves a~ an exhaust gas exit surface of
the cataly~ m~ans 20 or 70, re3pectively, and the
~l, exhaus~ g~ flows ~hrough che outer cavity 3~ or 8~ and
leaves ~he catalytic converter through ths outlet 11 or
,~ 20 61.
ln the case of widely varying amount~ o~ exhaust
ga~ fed in per unit time, the limiting and guide member
33 or ~3 ~istribute3 the exhaust gas, flowing from the
inlet inner 3pace 31 or ~l in~o the inner space 32 or 82
~5 o the catalyst means, at least approximatelY uni~ormly
0~2r the ~otal exhaust gas entry surface o~ the cataly~t
~! means ~0 or 70. Investigations and numerical calcula-
~1 tions have shown that the ~low rate and the direction o~
:~ flow of the exhau~t gas present in ~he ~ree inner space
;~ 30 re~ion 32a or 82a clo~e to the inner ~ur~ace 25a or 75a
~ of the ca~.alyst means are approxim~tely constant for a
`~ constant amount of exhaust yas flowing per unit time
i! through the catalytic converter, ~t the total inner
,~ surface of the cataly~t means and in particular along
the total axial exten~ion of said sur~ace. According
.i
,
2~25~1
22
the ~low rate and flow density are al.~o approximately
con~tallt over the total inner surface 21a or 71a o~ the
~ catalys~ support 21 or 71. The same applies to the flow
J in the interior of the catalyst support in a section~l
area pre~en~. in said support and parallel to the inner
, sur~ace 21a or 71~. According to the calculation~, it
J is par~icularly advantageous if the cro~s-sectional area
~ of ~he fr~e inner space r~gion decraa.~es linearly along
; the ~xi.~ in a direction away from the inlet, ~9 is the
~ l0 case for free inner space region 32a.
s The inve4tiga~iong and ~umerical flow
caJcula~ions have ~urthermore 3hown that, at the flow
rates occurring during operation in the inlet inner
s~ac~ 31 or ~ the inn2r ~pace 32 or 82 o~ the
catalyst mean3, in the outer cavity 34 or 83 and in the
outle~ inner space 35 or ~5, ~he flow is at lea~t
approximately turbulence-free, so that virtually no
~ eddies and in particular no lar~e eddies ~re formed in
7 these ~paces. Together with the uniform flow den~ity of
~ ex~laust ga~ in the catalyst support, this helps to
kee~ l.he flow resi~tance and pressure 10~9 gmall.
T~l~ small dimension6 of the wave height and
waveleng~h of the wave.~ 92a, 93a, 102a ensure that the ~-~
exhaust gas flowing through the passages of a catalyst
2S support is in intimate contact with the catalytically
. a~ti~e material. Thi~ permit~ relati~ely ~hort pass~ges
and a relatively ~mall volume of a catalyst support in
comparison with the amount o~ exhau~t ga3 to be treated
per unit time, which keeps the space and materi~l
re~uire~lent and the production costs o~ a cat~lyst
support low.
On flowiny into the catalytic converter 1 or 51,
the exhau~t gas passes fro~ the inlet 10 or 60, directly
i and without contact with the lateral wall and the end
walls of the housing 3 or 53, to the in~er space 32 or
~s -- 212~13~
:' 23
. 8?. of t.he ç~a.l.y~t means. ~efore flowing into the
ii catal.y.~t. means, the exhaust gas therefore releases only
,' a small amount o~ heat to the envi.ronme~t. During a
cold ~ar~ ol ~he catalytic converte~ 1 or 51 - i.e.
when the latter is approximately a~ ~mbient t~nperature
a~ the beginnin~ of the feed of exhau~t gas - ~he hot
~! exhaust gas therefore h~ats the cataly~t guppoxt 21 or
71 rapi.dly to the temperature required for e~ficient,
c~talytic tre~tment of the exhaust gas.
Th~ inner ~paces 31, 32 or ~1, 82 of the
cataly~ic converters l and 51, whi.ch ~pa~es are located
upstream of the c~talyst meanS 20 and 70, are sealed
~,3 completely ~Jas-tight from the en~ironment, so that the
entire cx~laust ~as fed to the inle~ 10 or 60 reaches the
~¦ 15 ~ataly~t. means, and the exhau~t gag in the~e inner
p~ce~ ba~ the same composition as the exhaust g~9
flowing out o~ the engine outle~. The flange and~or
fold~ joints 7, 8, 9 of the catalytic converter 1 a~d
.he cor~esponding j~in~s of the catalytic converter 51
~j 20 c~n ~e produced more eco~lomically than weld join~9 a~d
t.h~reore help to keep the pr~duction costs low.
Instead of being completely ga~-tight, the f lange andJor
folded j~in~ may be gas-tight only to a certain extent.
Because they ~order only the outer cavity 34 or ~4
loeat~d downstream of the catalys~ means 20 or 70, a
sln~ll leak which may be present in the flange and/or
~olded jOiIIts presents no problems.
The catalytic converters can be modified in
¦ various way9. In particular, ~eatureg of the two
c~taly~ic conv~rters 1 ~nd 51 can be combined wi~h one
anot~ler. The limiting and/or guide member 33 may be,
for exam~le, essentially conical instead of paraboloid,
~nd l:he end 33b may be pointed or may be rounded in
I ~xial ~;~ction. Conversely, the limiting and/or guide
3 3~ member 83 may ~e essenti~lly parabolic in the axial
3 ~
.
~,
., 24
i~ section through ~he longer main axis of the oval and/or
`~ in ~he axial sac~ion thr~u~h the s~lorter main axis of
:~ ~h- oval, and, ~or example, in all axial sec~ions.
Furthermore, the flange and/or folded joint~ of
, ~ the ~lousirlg may be re~laced by ~eld joints. In
.l addition, ~h~ ~nd wall 6 and 56 may be omitted and
instead the tran3ition section llb or 61b of the outlet
I 1~ or 61, respectively, c~n b~ extended ~t it~ end
c:l.oGer to t.he lat~ral wall 4 or 54 90 that it c~n be
joined directl~ to the latexal wall 4 or 54. The
lateral wall 4 or 5~ may then furthermore be ~hortened
th~ is connected to th~ transition section of the
outl~t approximately i.n the pl~ne defined by the
retainin~y mer~er 26 or 76. ~he lateral wall and one end
lJ. or the lateral wall and the ou~let may even consist
J~ of a single member.
~nstead of consisting of a small compact plate, -;
1 the r~taining members 26, 27 could consis~ o~ an annular
:~ disk which is welded a~ its inner edge to the limiting ~ .
¦ ~ and/or guide membeI 33 or 83. ~urthermore, an inter- -
me~i~t~ layer which i3 annular, heat-insulatiny and/or
slightly 3pringy in the axial direction can also be
arran~ed be~w~en the end wail 5 or S5 and the catalyst
sup~ort 21 or 71~ Instead, a rin~ could be fastened,
for example welded, to the sleeve 25 or 75 a ~hort
! di!~tanCe ~rom the end wall 5 or 55, and the catalyst
. ~upport 21 or 71 could ~e arrang~d between this ring and
: the re~ainin~ member 26 or 76, so that an annular ~ap :
which is free, i.e. con~ains only e~laust ga~ during
3~ oper~tiorl, and serves for heat insulation ig present
bctween the end wall 5 or 55 and the cataly~t ~upport.
Fur~hermore, a perforated ~leeve surrounding the
cataly~t support can be present instead of a sleeve 25
,i or 75 located inside a cataly~t support 21, 71 or in
~ 3~ addi.tion ~o s~id ~leeve.
,
