Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ 5~
SULFATE-FREE SHAMPOO
F~FI .n OF THF INVENTION
The present invention relates to a mild, pH balanced
shampoo ~UlllpOsi~iu~ lg a mixture of an alkylamido betaine, an
5 alkanolamide and a sarcosinate.
l~A('~GROUND OF THE INVFNTION
The majority of available consumer shampoos contain as
the primary cleansing ingredient one or more sulfonated or sulfated
detergents, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, ammf~nil1m lauryL sulfate,
10 ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium alkyll,e.~ le slllf()n~t~, and the like.
In addition to their cleansing ~LU~ s, these compounds are also effective
foam boosters. However, these compounds irritate the skin and eyes in the
con~ tiul-s commonly used in shampoos. For example, sodium lauryl
sulfate is classified as a skin irritant at 30% concentration, which is a level
15 common in shampoos.
While there have been various attempts at developing
shampoo ~ulll~Oai~iul1S free from these sulfated or sulfonated detergents
(such compositions being referred to herein as "sulfate-free shampoos"),
these previous attempts generally have not been able to obtain the high
20 foaming levels to which ron~llm~rs are accustomed, or have been no
milder than sulfate containing compositions. For example, United States
patent no. 4,486,328 to Knott et al. discloses a sulfate-free shampoo
si~iùll consisting essentially of a mixture of a ~ iulliC detergent,
such as a betaine, and a water soluble soap, such as a water soluble ~lluu~ylic
25 acid salt, the detergent and soap being in a specified mole ratio, and a
carboxylic acid alkanolamide. While this composition was stated to have
foaming ~lu~ ita equivalent to sulfate ~ ntainin~ shampoos, the pH of
this ~ulll~Oai~iOl~ ranged from 7.5-9, which is considerably higher than the
pH of hair and skin, which ranges between pH 5 and 55. Accordingly, this
3 0 composition was still an irritant.
5~
United States patent no. 4,534,877 to Russell et al. discloses a
shampoo composition fi~ncic~in~ essentially a betaine surfactant and a
quaternary compound. The betaines disclosed are higher alkylamido
betaines, wherein the alkyl group is selected from the group f~-ncichn~ of
5 lauryl, myristyl and mixtures thereof and the quaternary compound is a
quaternary ~ or imiL1;t7olinit~m salt. The foaming ~lo~ ies of
this composition are unacceptably low, from a standpoint of consumer
a.~
S~MARY OF Tl~ VENTION
The present invention is directed to providing a mild, pH
balanced sulfate-free shampoo composition with good foaming and
cleansing ~lu~Lli-a.
In accordance with the present invention there is provided
a sulfate-free cleansing composition for hair and skin, the composition
1 5 ~U~ LLaillg:
(a) from about 3% to about 11% alkylamido betaine;
(b) from about 3% to about 10% ,tll~n-71,tmi~; and
(c) from about 5% to about 60% sarcosinate.
Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages and ratios described herein are
2 0 by weight.
DETAlT Fn DF~('RTTrrION OF ~TF pRFFFRRFn EMRODIMF~TS
As indicated above, the shampoo composition of the
present invention is mild, pH balanced, and has good foaming and
cleansing ~lulut:liieS, without the use of sulfated or sulfonated detergents.
2 5 In a broad aspect, the present invention relates to a
shampoo composition which comprises from about 3% to about 11%
alkylamido betaine, from about 3% to about 10% alkanolamide and from
about 5% to about 60% sarcosinate. The betaines useful in the present
invention have the following structure:
~435~
- 3 -
O CH3
Il I
RC - NH - (CH2)3 - N+ - CH3COO -
CH3
wherein the alkyl group R has between 6 and 18 carbon atoms. Preferably,
the betaine is selected from the group consisting of corAm~ ethyl betaine,
cocamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, myristamidopropyl
betaine, l~k~o~mirlopropyl betaine, palmamidopropyl betaine and mixtures
10 thereof. Most ~ lably~ the betaine is ( r)~midl-propyl betaine.
The Alkanr)l~mi~l~c useful in the present invention have
the following general structure:
o
Il /X
RC-N
\ CH2CH20H
wherein R is an alkyl group having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms and X is
selected from the group consisting of H and CH2CH20H. Preferably, the
alk~n~ mide is selected from the group consisting of cocamide DEA,
2 0 cocamide MEA, lauramide DEA, lauramide MEA, myristamide DEA,
myristamide MEA capramide DEA, i~o~l~dlall.ide DEA, stf~ilrP.mi.1~ DEA,
lineoleamide DEA, oleamide DEA, and mixtures thereof. Most preferably,
the ;~lk~n~ mirl~ is lauramide DEA.
The shampoo composition of the present invention
25 further comprises a sal.~,:.il.a~ having the general structure:
o
RC - N - CH2COO X
3 0 CH3
5~
- 4 -
wherein R as an alkyl group having between 6 and 18 carbon atoms and X i~c
an ion such as Na+, K+, or TEA+. Preferably, the sarcosinate is selected from
the group consisting of lauroyl sdi.o~ al~, myristoyl sarcosinate, cocoyl
~a~u~ aL~ and mixtures thereof. Most ~r~ bly, the sarcosinate is sodium
5 lauroyl sarcosinate.
As stated above, the shampoo composition of the present
invention comprises about 3% to about 11% alkylamido betaine, from about
3% to about 10% AII~An~lAmi~P and from about 5% to about 60% ~dl~u~illdl~.
Preferably, the composition comprises from about 9% to about 11% betaine,
10 from about 7.5% to about 10% All~Anf~lAmi~7~ and from about 27% to about
33% sarcosinate.
It has surprisingly been found that shampoo ~:UlllpOsiliUIls
of the present invention exhibit good cleansing and foaming llal~
even when compared with shampoos ~ a sulfated detergent. The
15 shampoo .ull~pUsiLiulls disclosed herein produce a thick, rich, creamy foam,
with good lasting power. Without being limited by theory, it is believed
that there is a synergistic effect between the three ~ulrd~al~is of the present
invention which ~ull~libu~s to the high foaming levels.
In addition to the surfactant ~Ull~pUll~ ts detailed above,
2 0 compositions according to the present invention may also contain a variety
of optional ~OIII~JUI~ , to obtain a final end product having the desired
alA~ l;rc Such optional components may include ~on(1iti~nin~ agents,
ll~oL~uli~illg agents, thickening agents, A~l~liti~n~l ,cllrf~ctAntc~ yl~ lvd~iv~
and medicinal il~ di~llLs, such as anti-dandruff agents.
Suitable .~.".lili."~ agents include, for example, soluble
dimethysiloxane glycol copolymer, such as a dimethicone copolyol (e.g.
Dow Corning 193), although ethylene oxide or mixtures of ethylene oxide or
mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide may also be used. The
ethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide level must be sufficiently high to
provide solubility in water and the composition hereof.
Also useful as conditioning agents are cationic
conditioners such as amo-limethi~r nP and quaternary ammonium
- 5 - 21~35~
compounds, such as acetamidopropyl trimonium chloride, tallow
trimclnillm chloride, steartrimonium chloride and cellil..ùl~ , chloride.
Particularly useful is Poly~ . . "il" . . 10 (a Cosmetic, Toiletry and FragranceAssociation dl~ci~nAtic~n for the polymeric quaternary ~mmcmil~m salt of
5 hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl Ammonillm sllhstitl1ted
epoxide).
Moisturizing agents that are useful in the present
invention include 1~ . that are Dllb~ iv~ to hair such as proteins,
cationic polyols and fatty materials. IT~ have a m~)ichlri7in~ effect
10 by attracting moisture to the hair, which improves combing and reduces or
Plimin:ltes "fly-away". Some materials which are recognized humectants
are: sodium PCA, glycerin, sodium lactate, sorbitol and protein hydrolysates.
Compositions according to the present invention may also
contain thick~nin~ agents, such as gums, cellulose derivatives such as
l 5 carboxymethyl cellulose or hydroxyethyl cellulose, propylene glycol,
polyvinyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and other such compounds well known in
the art.
It has been found that shampoo compositions according to
the present invention also may be thickened by an alkyl polysaccharide,
20 such as decyl polyglucose or lauryl polyglucose, in combination with a
cationic resin, such as a quaternary ammonium compound. It has been
found that, in addition to their ronditil~nin~ plu~,lies, the combination ot
these compounds provides an end product with a viscous, creamy, silky
texture. Preferably, the composition comprises from about 7.5% to about 10
2 5 % POIYDA~ and from about 0.25% to about 1.0% cationic resin.
Optionally, shampoo compositions according to the
present invention may contain AdditinnAl surfactants, in addition to the
three cllrf~ct~ntc detailed above. Such optional ~.llr,..~lA.llc include: water
soluble salts of carboxylic acids; various polyethylene oxide ccm~ ncAtir-n
30 products; long chain tertiary amine and phosphine oxides; polysorbates;
alkyl polysArthArid~ nonionic sllrfact~ntc; polyethylene glycol glyceral fatty
esters; and other cllrf~-tAntc known to those in the art.
2143~
- 6 -
Shampoos according to the present invention may also
include the following optional components: preservatives, such as methyl
paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, phenoxyethanol and benzyl alcohol;
pH adjusting agents, such as citric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, sodium
5 hydroxide and sodium .,..l,.... l~, s~ g and chelating agents, such as
disodium EDTA; fra~r~n~rc; and dyes.
If desired, the shampoo composition of the present
invention may also contain antidandruff agents. Soluble Anti(lAn-lruff
agents should be used, such as: coal tar USP - 0.5 to 5.0%; coal tar solution -
1 0 2 5 to 5.0%; salicylic acid - 1.8 to 3.0/O; ~inc pyridinethione (pyrithione) - l to
2%; and selenium sulfide 05 to 2%.
While the above description relates to the use of the
present invention as a shampoo, the present invention may also be used for
cleansing skin, as opposed to hair. For example, U~ osiliulls according to
15 the present invention may be used as liquid hand soaps, bath and shower
gels, and the like.
The following examples are illustrative of the present
invention.
EXAMPLE I
2 0 The following composition was prepared:
Comronent Wt %
Incronam 301 10.00
Monamid 7162 8.40
Hamposyl C303 30.00
2 5 Polymer JR 30M4 0.50
Plantaren 20005 8.40
Citric Acid (50% soln.) 2.40
Water, preservatives, dyes, fragrance q.s
100.00
30 l cocamidopropyl betaine supplied by Croda S-lrfA~tAntc Ltd.
Z lauramide DEA supplied by Mona Chemicals Co.
3 sodium lauroyl ~dl.~,~il.ak: supplied by Hampshire Chemical Inc.
4 Poly~ , ;.. -10 supplied by Union Carbide Corp.
polyglucose supplied by Henkel Chemicals Ltd.
3 5 The above ~ oci~ . had a pH of about 5.3, a final viscosity of 3,000-5,000
21~
- 7 -
cP, and exhibited superior foaming and cleansing ~-op~l~;es as compared
with available commercial shampoos.
EXAMPLE n
A conditioning and moisturizing shampoo was prepared with the
5 following ~Ull~O~i~iUII.
Co~ ol ~.. l Wt %
Incronam 30 10.00
Monamid L3501 9.20
Hamposyl C30 30.00
10Polymer JR 30M 0.50
Plantaren 2000 9.20
Lactic Acid (80% soln.) 1.20
Crodasone W2 3 00
In.. ul.. e~ldl,l AQ3 1.00
15Water, preservatives, dyes, fragrance ~
100.00
lauramide DEA supplied by Mona Chemicals Co.
2 silicon copolymer of wheat protein hydrolysate supplied by Croda
S lrfArt~ntc Ltd.
20 3 A~ot~mirlt~propyl l,;",.".i.. chloride supplied by Croda Surfactant3
Ltd.
The above ~Ulll~osi~iul- had a pH of about 5.5, a final viscosity of 3,000-5,000cP. The above composition produced a rich, creamy foam, at levels above
that of available ~UllllllCl~i~l shampoos.
2 5 EXAMPLE III
A liquid soap was prepared with the following f omrt-citlon
Com~onf~nt Wt %
Incronam 30 ~ 9.00
Monamid 716 7.50
3 0 Hamposyl C30 27.00
Polymer JR 30M 0.25
Plantaren 2000 7.50
Citric Acid (50% soln.) 2.00
Water, preservatives, dyes, fragrance q.s
3 5 100.00
The above .-nmrncitinn had a smooth, rich feel and, when mixed in the
hand with a small amount of water, produced considerable lather. This
; l i", . left the skin feeling clean, without the drying feel of soaps and
harsh detergents.
2~ ~55g
- 8 -
EXAMPLE IV
A bath and shower gel was prepared with the following composition:
Comronent Wt %
Incronam 30 11.00
5Monamid 716 9.25
Hamposyl C30 33.00
Polymer JR 30M 1.00
Plantaren 2000 9.25
Citric Acid (50% soln.) 2.40
10Water, ~ st:lv~liv~ dyes, fragrance q.s
100.00
The above composition can be used by placing a small amount into the
hand and then rubbing onto the skin, or can be introduced into the running
water of a bath to produce a rich foam.
