Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
21~8291
Case 154-0252
WATER-REDUCING ADMIXTURES FOR CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITIONS
This invention relates to an admixture for cementitious compositions such as
grouts, mortars and concretes.
Increasing difficulty in and expense of obtaining high quality aggregate for usein cementitious compositions such as concrete has forced manufacturers to resort to
S lower grade materials such as crushed stone, marine sand and even crushed concrete
obtained from the demolition of old structures. This leads to problems with the
concrete such as higher water demand, bleeding and lower workability and pumpability.
It has been attempted to overcome these problems by means of admixtures. Typical of
such admixtures are those already well known in the art, such as lignosulphonates,
naphthalene sulphonate-formaldehyde condensates and various saccharides. Such
materials reduce water requirement but also delay setting of the concrete, something
which is not always desirable.
It has now been found that a blend of particular materials can greatly decrease
the quantity of water required for a given cementitious mix while not significantly
lS increasing set time. In addition, the blend does not cause excessive aeration (a major
problem with some known admixtures) and it inhibits bleeding and improves
workability. The invention therefore provides an admixture for use in a cementitious
composition, which admixture consists of
(a) from 75-25% by weight of a water-reducing agent whose major
component is a polycarboxylate; and
(b) from 25-75% by weight of at least one saccharide component
selected from hydrogenated saccharides and polyhydric alcohol
adducts of saccharides.
The water-reducing agent has as a major component a polycarboxylate which is
21~8~91
-- 2 Case 154-0252
known to be a water-reducing agent in its own right. By "major component" is meant
that the polycarboxylate or polycarboxylates (it is permissible to use more than one
such material) is present in higher weight p~vpol~ion than any other individual
component in the water-reducing agent. It is therefore possible for the polycarboxylate
5 to comprise less than 50% of the weight of the water-reducing agent, although it is
preferable that it comprises at least 50%. More preferably, the water reducing agent
comprises at least 60% by weight of polycarboxylate and most preferably it is 100%
polycarboxylate. Typical examples include poly(acrylate salt-acrylate ester)
copolymers, poly(methacrylic acid-methacrylate) copolymers, poly(styrene- maleate salt)
l0 copolymers, and poly(styrene-maleate ester) copolymers. Such materials are readily
available commercially, for example, the SP-8 series of materials from NMB Ltd.
The water-reducing agent may additionally contain at least one other non-
carboxylate water-reducing agent. Any known water-reducing agent is satisfactory and
typical examples include lignosulphonates and naphthalene sulphonate-formaldehyde
15 condensates.
The hydrogenated saccharides which are one possibility for use in this inventionas a saccharide component as hereinabove mentioned may be derived from mono- or
disaccharides, but are preferably derived from polysaccharides, more preferably
starches. Examples of suitable saccharides which may be hydrogenated include starch
20 hydrolysates, glucose fermentation products, celluloses, cellulose hydrolysates,
hemicelluloses and hemicellulose hydrolystes, starch hydrolysates being especially
desirable. Commercial examples of suitable materials include D-Sorbit and PO-20 of
Towa Kasei and SE-l00 of Nikken Kagaku. Other materials include hydrogenated
oligosaccharides, for example, of the type described in United States Patent 4,073,658.
The polyhydric alcohol adducts of saccharides which are the other possibility for
use as a saccharide component are materials wherein the saccharide has an average
molecular weight of from 2,000 - l0,000, and they additionally comprise polyhydric
alcohol residues added at the end of the saccharide chains. The preferred polyhydric
alcohols are alkylene and polyalkylene glycols, glycerol, xylitol, erythritol and sorbitol,
2148~91
3 case 154-0252
most preferred being polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol present such that the
number of mols of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide present per mol of saccharide is
from l - lO0 - larger polyethylene and polypropylene glycols (especially the former)
give rise to higher air-entraining properties, which is usually not desirable.
S When hydrogenated saccharides are used as the saccharide component, they are
preferably present as a mixture of which
(i) 70-30% by weight (on total weight of hydrogenated saccharides)
have molecular weights in the range 180-300;
(ii) 30-70% by weight have molecular weight of from 300 up to
4,000; and
(iii) 30% by weight maximum have molecular weights of 4,000 and
over.
These proportions may have a considerable effect on the invention. For example, a
pl`upollion of greater than 30% of material of molecular weight 4,000 and above results
lS in a lowered workability and greater water demand. This also occurs when theproportion of the other molecular weight materials falls outside the stated proportions.
The excellent properties of the invention are not fully realized in this case when only
one or the other of the two hydrogenated saccharides (i) and (ii) is used - the presence
of both gives best results.
The dosage of the admixture of this invention is dependent on the cement
composition used, but basically it will suffice for it to be in sufficient quantity to impart
the desired water reduction and adequate workability to the composition. A typical
quantity is O.OS to 3.00 percent of the admixture by weight of cement.
It is possible and permissible to use other admixtures in conjunction with the
admixture of this invention to achieve particular results.Typical examples of suitable
admixtures include air-entraining agents, shrinkage reducing agents, accelerating
agents, retarding agents, foaming agents, defoaming agents, rust-inhibiting agents,
quick-setting agents and water-soluble polymer substances.
21~82~1
- 4 case 154-0252
The admixture of this invention may be used in generally-used cement
compositions such as cement, paste, mortar, grout, and concrete as a matter of course,
but it is especially useful in the manufacture of cementitious compositions of
comparatively high unit water contents due to the influence of the aggregate used,
5 cementitious compositions for which good workability cannot be obtained by other
means, lean-mix concrete of low unit cement content with which good workability is
difficult to obtain, pumped concrete, high-strength concrete, cement products, masonry
mortar and injection grout.
The invention therefore also provides a method of reducing the water demand of
10 a cementitious composition by the addition thereto of an admixture as hereinabove
defined. The components may be added individually to the composition, but it is
preferred to add them simultaneously, and more preferably as a blend.
The invention additionally provides an cementitious composition which
comprises an admixture as hereinabove defined.
The invention is further described with references to the following non-limitingexamples in which all parts are expressed by weight.
Manufacturing Example 1
Four hundred parts of starch hydroysate and 20 parts of xylitol are added to 100parts of anhydrous toluene and the mixture heated to 80C, at which point 10 parts of
20 tungstophosphoric acid is added and stirring is carried out for 30 minutes. Reaction is
then stopped by adding distilled water. The mixture is neutralised and the solvent is
removed. The mixture is purified, and all matter of molecular weight exceeding 10,000
is removed by ultrafiltration. The resulting product is designated Sample A.
Manufacturing Example 2
Four hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 20 parts of erythritol are added to 100
21~82~1
case 154-0252
parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of Manufacturing Example 1 are carried
out. Sample B is obtained.
Manufacturing Example 3
Four hundred parts of starch hydrolysates and 20 parts of sorbitol are added to 100
5 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of Manufacturing Example 1 are carried
out. Sample C is obtained.
Manufacturing Example 4
Four hundred parts of starch hydrolysates and 20 parts of glycerol are added to 100
parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of Manufacturing Example 1 are carried
10 out. Sample D is obtained.
Manufactl-nng Example 5
Four hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 5 parts of ethylene glycol (1 mol) are
added to 100 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of Manufacturing Example
1 are carried out. Sample E is obtained.
15 Manufacturing Example 6
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 20 parts of ethylene glycol (4 mols)are added to 100 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of ManufacturingExample 1 are carried out. Sample F is obtained.
20 Manufacturing Example 7
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 60 parts of ethylene glycol (12 mols)
are added to 100 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of ManufacturingExample 1 are carried out. Sample G is obtained.
2148291
6 Case 154-0252
Manufacturing Example 8
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 120 parts of ehtylene glycol (24 mols)
are added to l00 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of ManufacturingExample l are carried out. Sample H is obtained.
5 Manufacturing Example 9
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 250 parts of ethylene glycol (50 mols)
are added to l00 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of ManufacturingExample l are carried out. Sample I is obtained.
Manufacturing Example l0
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 500 parts of ethylene glycol (l00
mols) are added to l00 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of
Manufacturing Example l are carried out. Sample J is obtained.
Manufacturing Example l l
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and l0 parts of propylene glycol (l mol)15 are added to l00 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of Manufacturing
Example l are carried out. Sample K is obtained.
Manufacturing Example 12
One hundred parts of starch hydrolysate and 40 parts of propylene glycol (4
mols) are added to l00 parts of anhydrous toluene, and the procedures of
20 Manufacturing Example l are carried out. Sample L is obtained.
2148291
- 7 Case 154-0252
Mortar and Concrete Examples
1) Mix Proportions, Preparation and Materials of Mortar and Concrete
1-1) Mortar
Mortar is designed for flow of 200 to 210 mm and target air content of
8.0 volume percent in accordance with the mix p,opollions of Table 1, and
prepared with the respective materials measured for a yield as mixed of
S litres, with mixing done for 120 seconds after introduction of all materials
into an ASTM mortar mixer.
1-2) Concrete
Concrete is designed for target slump of 18.0 + 0.5 cm and target air content
of 4.5 + 0.5 volume percent in accordance with the mix proportions of
Table 2, and prepared with the respective materials measured out for a yield
as mixed of 80 liters, with mixing done for 90 seconds after introduction of
all materials into a 100-liter pan-type power-driven blade mixer.
l S 1-3) Materials
a) Fine aggregate:
Oi River system pit sand (specific gravity = 2.58, fineness
modulus = 2.76);
b) Coarse aggregate:
Ohme graywacke crushed stone (specific gravity = 2.65, maximum
size = 20 mm);
c) Cement:
Ordinary portland cement (specific gravity = 3.16, mixture in equal
parts of cement manufactured by Onoda, Sumitomo, and Mitsubishi
firms);
2148291
- 8 Case 154-0252
d) Water-reducing agent:
A polycarboxylate which is a copolymer of methacrylate salt and
methacrylate ester (abbreviated as PCA in Table 3 and Table 4)
Lignosulphonate (abbreviated as Lig in Table 3 and Table 4)
Melamine sulphonate-formalin condensate (abbreviated as MS in
Table 3 and Table 4)
Naphthalene sulphonate-formalin condensate (abbreviated as BNS in
Table 3 and Table 4);
A carboxylate which is a copolymer and maleate (abbreviated as SMA
in Table 3 and 4)
e) Hydrogenated saccharide:
Hydrogenated hydrolysed starches, such as D-Sorbit and PO-20
manufactured by Towa Kasei Kogyo, and Sorbit C, SE-100
manufactured by Nikken Kagaku, designated bl, b2, and b3, obtained
by fractioning to the molecular weights of 180-<300, >300 and >4,000
respectively by an ultrafiltration apparatus (a Lab Module Type 20 ex
DDS Corp. Denmark).
Polyhydric alcohol adduct of saccharides
Sample A: (Average molecular weight = 3,000)
Sample B: (Average molecular weight = 3,100)
Sample C: (Average molecular weight = 3,100)
Sample D: (Average molecular weight = 3,000)
Sample E: (Average molecular weight = 2,900)
Sample F: (Average molecular weight = 3,100)
Sample G: (Average molecular weight = 3,300)
Sample H: (Average molecular weight = 3,800)
Sample I: (Average molecular weight = 3,400)
Sample J: (Average molecular weight = 9,800)
Sample K: (Average molecular weight = 2,900)
Sample L: (Average molecular weight = 3,100)
21~291
9 Case 154-0252
Sample M: (Polyethlene glycol adduct of 30-80, mfd, by Towa Kasei,
average molecular weight = 3,200)
Sample N: (Glycerol adduct of starch hydrolysate, mfd. by Towa
Kasei, average molecular weight = 350)
Sample O: (Propylene glycol adduct of starch hydrolysate, mfd. by
Towa Kasei, average molecular weight = 250)
Sample P: Polyethylene glycol adduct of starch hydrolysate, average
molecular weight = 13,000, ethylene glycol 24-mol adduct)
Sample Q: (Polyethylene glycol adduct of starch hydrolysate, average
molecular weight = 5,100, ethylene glycol 120-mol adduct)
2) Methods of testing Mortar and Concrete
2-1) Mortar
Water-reducing properties and air-entraining properties of mortar are
evaluated measuring flow and air content.
a) Flow:
In accordance with JIS A 5201;
b) Air content:
In accordance with JIS A 1116;
c) Water-reducing property evaluation:
Water-reducing propelly is evaluated by the difference between
flow when using the additive and flow of plain mortar;
d) Existence of synergistic improvement in water-reducing property:
It is indicated whether the increase in water-reducing property of
the water-reducing agent is synergistically improved or is an
aggregate sum.
The test results are given in Tables 3 and 4.
21~291
Case 154-0252
2-2) Concrete
Concrete is evaluated by time of setting, bleeding, and visual observation of
workability in accordance with the following criteria. Compressive strength
at 28-day stage is also measured (see Table 5).
a) Slump:
In accordance with JIS A 1101;
b) Air content:
In accordance with JIS A 1128.
c) Compressive strength:
In accordance with JIS A 1118 and JIS A 1132.
d) Time of setting:
In accordance with Appendix 2, JIS A 6204.
e) Bleeding:
In accordance with JIS A 1123.
f) Visual observation:
Workability was evaluated by visual observation as described
below.
A (good): The concrete flows smoothly, without any
segregation of the aggregate being seen.
B (ordinary): Smooth flow, but with a degree of "crumbling"
(evident presence of coarse aggregate).
C (poor): Much coarse aggregate clearly visible poor flow
or no flow at all.
21482~1
11 Case 154-0252
3) Test Results
3-1) Mortar
The results of tests with mortar are given in Tables 3 (hydrogenated
saccharide) and 4 (polyhydric alcohol adduct of saccharide). In Table 3, the
test results of Examples 1 to 13, and the results of plain mortar completely
free of water-reducing agents or other cement additives (Comparison
Example 1), and mortars with addition of only water-reducing agent
(Comparison Example 2), only hydrogenated saccharides (Comparison
Examples 3 to 6), and hydrogenated saccharides mixed with water-reducing
agent (Comparison Examples 7 to 13) are given.
As can be seen in the results given in Table 3, when the cement additive of
this invention is used in mortar (Examples 1 to 12), the following
observations may be made:
a) Water-reducing Properties
Comparison Example 1 is a case of plain mortar in which there
is completely no addition of admixture and the increase in
water-reducing properties is evaluated with the flow value of
this mortar as the basis.
Examples 1 to 5 are cases of the proportions of bl and b2 being
varied. It can be seen that, when bl is in the range of 70 to 30
weight percent and b2 30 to 70 weight percent, the water-
reducing properties of the admixture exceeds the aggregated
individual water-reducing properties of the water-reducing agent,
indicating a synergistic effect and a considerable and unexpected
increase in water-reducing properties. In contrast, Comparison
Examples 10 and 11 are cases where the mixture ratios of bl
and b2 lie outside the abovementioned ranges of bl and b2. In
these cases, the water-reducing properties of a combination of
such materials is merely the aggregate of the water-reducing
21 i~29:~
12 Case 154-0252
plupel~ies of the individual components.
Examples 6 to 8 are cases wherein the proportion of b3 is
varied. It can be seen that, when the quantity of b3 present is
not more than 30 weight percent of the total quantity of
hydrogenated saccharide, there is no coagulation, and the same
synergistic water-reducing properties reported hereinabove are
again observed. In contrast, Comparison Example 9 and
Comparison Example 12 are cases where the proportions of b3
excee-ling 30 weight percent of the total quantity of
hydrogenated saccharides and in these cases mortar will
coagulate. In the case of Comparison Example 5 where b3
alone is used, coagulation is considerable.
Examples 9 and 10 are cases wherein the mixture proportions of
water-reducing agent and hydrogenated saccharides are varied.
When the ranges of 75 to 25 weight percent water-reducing
agent and 25 to 75 weight percent hydrogenated saccharides are
used, the water-reducing properties of the combination exceeds
the aggregate of the individual water-reducing properties of the
water-reducing agent and the hydrogenated saccharides; the
effect is synergistic, with considerable improvements in
water-reducing properties. In contrast, Comparison Examples 13
and 14 are cases where the ranges of water-reducing agent and
hydrogenated saccharides lie outside those given hereinabove. In
these cases, the water-reducing plupellies of combination of the
water-reducing agent and the hydrogenated saccharides are the
aggregate of the individual water-reducing plopellies.
Examples 11 to 13 are cases of lignosulfonate (Lig), melamine
sulfonate-formalin condensate (MS), and naphthalene
sulfonate-formalin condensate (BNS) combined as other
21482gl
- 13 Case 154-0252
ingredients with polycarboxylate (PCA) as the water-reducing
agent. When these other water-reducing agents are combined
with polycarboxylate, provided that the ratio of the
polycarboxylate water-reducing agent and the hydrogenated
S polysaccharide is kept within the limits of this invention, the
synergistic effect previously reported is still given.
In Comparison Example 6, bl and b2 are combined at a ratio of
1:1, and in this case, the aggregate water-reducing properties of
this combination is the aggregate of the individual
water-reducing properties of bl and b2. Comparison
Examples 7 and 8 are respectively examples of a water-reducing
agent combined with bl or b2 alone, and in such cases only the
aggregate of the water-reducing plupelLies of the individual
components is given.
b) Air entraining Properties
On comparing air contents in Examples 1 to 13, they are
approximately of the same degree as in Comparison Example 2,
and air is not excessively entrained.
Table 4 similarly shows the advantages of using polyhydric alcohol adducts of
20 saccharides.
3-2) Concrete
The results of tests with concrete are given in Table 5. The concretes
listed in Table 5 are all prepared such that they have slumps in the
range 18.0 + 0.5 cm and air contents of 4.5 + 0.5%. In Table 5, the
results of tests performed on Examples 33-38 (hydrogenated
saccharide-cont~ining) and 3945 (polyhydric alcohol adduct of
saccharide containing) and on concretes utilising water-reducing agents
not combined with hydrogenated saccharides (Comparison
Examples 21 to 24) comparing setting times, compressive strengths,
2148291
- 14 Case 154-0252
bleeding, and workability are indicated.
As seen in the results given in Table 5, on e~min~tion of the cases
wherein the admixture of this invention is used in concrete (Examples
3345 ), the following effects are observed:
a) Water-reducing Properties
As is clear from comparing Examples 33 and 34 with
Comparison Example 21, and Examples 35-38 with Comparison
Examples 22-24, approximately the same slumps are obtained in
the examples even when the dosages of admixtures are smaller
than in the Comparison Examples, and it can be seen that
water-reducing properties have been improved.
b) Air-entraining plopel~ies
Air contents are found to be in the range of 4.5 + 0.5% (without
using a defoaming agent) and the air-entraining properties are
1 5 low.
c) Bleeding
As is clear on comparing with the Comparison Examples,
bleeding is considerably reduced and segregation is inhibited.
d) Workability (Visual Observation)
Comparison with the Comparison Examples shows that all
examples exhibit good workability.
e) Setting Time
As is clear on comparing with Comparison Examples, setting
time is about 20 to 30 minutes faster than when using a
water-reducing agent alone, and there is little or no set
retardation.
- 15 2148291 case 154-0252
f) Compressive Strength (28-Day)
As is clear on colllpaling with the Comparison Examples, there
are attained compressive strengths of about the same degree as
those given when using water-reducing agent alone.
21~8291
16 case 154-0252
TABLE 1
Water- Sand- Unit Content (g)
Cement Cement
Ratio Ratio Water Cement Fine
Aggregate
0.45 2.75 450 1,000 2,750
TABLE 2
Water- Sand- Unit Content (g)
Cement Aggregate
Ratio Ratio Water Cement Aggregate
% Fine Coarse
0.60 46.0 185 285 807 973
17 case 154-0252
Table 3
water reducing Hydrogenated Saccharide
agent Dosage') Composition, wt % Dosage') Flow Air Flow Sy gi.llic
(mm) (%) Increase Effect in
(mm) Water
Reduction
Example 1 PCA 0.30 70 30 0 0.20 247 6.2 67 yes
2 PCA 0.30 60 40 0 0.20 247 6.1 67 yes
3 PCA 0.30 50 50 0 0.20 246 6.2 66 yes
4 PCA 0.30 40 60 0 0.20 245 6.2 65 yes
S PCA 0.30 30 70 0 0.20 243 6.0 63 yes r~
6 PCA 0.30 50 40 10 0.20 246 6.1 66 yes ~a.
7 PCA 0.30 50 35 15 0.20 240 6.0 60 yes
8 PCA 0.30 40 40 20 0.20 238 5.9 58 yes ~_~
9 PCA 0.30 60 40 0 0.15 235 5.7 55 yes
10 PCA 0.30 50 50 0 0.15 235 5.6 55 yes
Il PCA 0.25 60 40 0 0.20 247 6.3 67 yes
Lig 0.05
12 PCA 0.25 60 40 0 0.20 248 6.0 68 yes
MS 0o5
Table 3 (cont'd) 18 Case 154-0252
13 PCA 0.25 60 40 0 0.20 248 6.1 68 yes
BNS 0.05
14 SMA 0.30 60 40 0 0.20 248 6.1 68 yes
Compa- 1 - - - - - - 180 3.1
rison
Example
2 PCA 0.30 - - - - 209 5.1 29 No
3 - - 100 - - 0.20 194 5.3 14 No
4 - - - 100 - 0.20 185 5.3 5 No
- - - - 100 0.20 108 5.4 -72 No
6 - - 50 50 - 0.20 189 5.4 9 No
7 PCA 0.30 100 - - 0.20 221 6.1 41 No
8 PCA 0.30 - 100 - 0.20 211 6.1 31 No
9 PCA 0.30 - 100 0.20 145 6.0 -35 No
10 PCA 0.30 75 25 0 0.20 220 6.2 40 No
11 PCA 0.30 25 75 0 0.20 216 6.1 36 No
12 PCA 0.30 41 28 31 0.20 198 6.0 18 No
13 PCA 0.30 60 40 0 0.10 214 5.9 34 No
14 PCA 0.10 60 40 0 0.30 205 6.4 25 No
Note 1) Dosage of cement additive by weight percent to weight of cement (in terms of solids).
Table 4 19 Case 154-0252
Water-reducing agent Polyhydric Alcohol Flow
Adduct of Saccharide (mm) Air Flow in- Synergistic Effect in
Kind Dosage ') Kind Dosage') (%) crease (mm) Water Reduction
Example 15 PCA 0.30 Sample A 0.20 250 6.1 70 Yes
16 PCA 0.30 Sample B 0.20 250 5.9 70 Yes
17 PCA 0.30 Sample C 0.20 251 6.2 71 Yes
18 PCA 0.30 Sample D 0.20 250 6.0 70 Yes
19 PCA 0.30 Sample E 0.20 251 6.1 71 Yes
PCA 0.30 Sample F 0.20 248 6.2 69 Yes
21 PCA 0.30 Sample G 0.20 250 6.0 70 Yes
22 PCA 0.30 Sample H 0.20 252 6.1 72 Yes
23 PCA 0.30 Sample I 0.20 248 6.5 68 Yes
24 PCA 0.30 Sample J 0.20 250 7.0 70 Yes
PCA 0 30 Sample K 0.20 251 6.0 71 Yes 2~
26 PCA 0.30 Sample L 0.20 253 6.1 73 Yes ~. "
27 PCA 0.30 Sample M 0.20 254 5.9 74 Yes
28 PCA 0.30 Sample N 0.20 253 6.0 73 Yes
29 PCA 0.30 Sample O 0.20 253 6.0 73 Yes
SMA 0.30 Sample P 0.20 253 6.0 73 Yes
31 PCA 0.25 Sample Q 0.20 253 6.0 73 Yes
BNS 0.05
Table 4 (cont'd) 20 Case 154-0252
32 PCA 0.25 Sample G 0.20 253 6.0 73 Yes
MS 0.05
Comparison 15 - - Sample A 0.20 193 5.4 13 No
Example
16 - - Sample D 0.28 183 5.8 13 No
17 - - Sample C 0.20 193 5.4 15 No
18 - - Sample G 0.20 199 5.5 19 No
19 PCA 0.30 Sample P 0.20 160 6.0 -20 No
PCA 0.30 Sample Q 0.30 243 13.5 63 Yes
Note 1) Dosage of cement additive by weight percent to weight of cement (in terms of solids).
00
21 case 154-0252
Table 5
water- Hydrogenated Saccharide Polyhydric Alcohol Setting Time Co.l.~ ive Bleeding Workability
reducing Composition, wt % Adduct of (hr-min) Evaluation
agent Saccharide Strength (cm3 / cm2)
(28-Day)
ge') Dosage Kind Dos- Initial Final (kgf/cm2)
Example 33 PCA 0.15 60 40 0 0.10 - - 6-10 8-10 327 0.25 A
34 PCA 0.15 50 30 10 0.10 - - 6-15 8-20 330 0.26 A
35 PCA 0.10 60 40 0 0.10 - - 6-40 8-45 325 0.28 A
Lig 0.05
36 PCA 0.10 60 40 0 0.10 - - 6-00 8-00 328 0.26 A
MS 0.05
37 PCA 0.10 60 40 0 0.10 - - 6-20 8-20 326 0.27 A ~_~
BNS 0.05
38 SMA O 15 60 40 0 0.10 - - 6-15 8-25 322 0.25 A C~
39 PCA 0.15 - Sample B 0.10 6-10 8-10 327 0.25 A
40 PCA 0.15 - Sample B 0.10 6-15 8-20 330 0.26 A
41 PCA 0.10 - - - - Sample B 0.10 6-35 8-40 326 0.26 A
Lig 0.05
42 PCA 0.10 - - - - Sample B 0,1O 6-05 8-05 329 0.24 A
MS 0.05
43 PCA 0.10 - - - - Sample B 0.10 6-15 8-15 327 0.25 A
BNS 0.05
22 Case 154-0252
44 SMA 0.15 - - - - Sample B 0.10 6-15 8-25 322 0.25 A
45 PCA 0.15 60 30 10 0.05 Sample B o.o5 6-15 8-25 322 0.25 A
Com- 21 PCA 0.30 - - - - - - 6-45 8-55 322 0.35 Bparison
Example 22 PCA 0.20 - - - - - - 6-50 8-50 324 0.37 C
Lig 0.10
23 PCA 0.20 - - - - - - 6-30 8-30 322 0.35 C
MS 0.10
24 PCA 0.20 - - - - - - 6-40 8.35 322 0.34 B
BNS 0.10
Note 1) Dosage of cement additive by weight percent to weight of cement (in terms of solids)
C;:3
