Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
2153665
Text for non-US filing
COMPOSITIONS FOR CLEANING SOILED ANIMALS AND M~-L~O~
THEREFOR
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to compositions for
cleaning soiled animals. In particular, it relates to
compositions for cleaning the coat, plumage, and so on of
creatures that have become soiled by chemical products,
notably by hydrocarbons. The present invention also
provides a method for using these compositions.
Currently, hydrocarbons are notably transported by
sea, in appropriate tankers. Transport costs combined
with journey length have lead to the use of high-capacity
tankers with a capacity in excess of 100,000 metric tons,
or even in excess of 300,000 metric tons. The term
supertankers is currently used to describe such vessels.
Unfortunately, such vessels have limited maneuverability
due to their large size. Additionally, during storms and
when subject to breakdown of rudder gear, engine and so
on, they are difficult to tow. It is sometimes
impossible to take such ships in tow when meteorological
conditions are particularly unfavorable. If the oil
tanker, or supertanker is close to the coast, there is a
risk of the ship coming ashore. Collision with rocks
causes damage to the hull or even a complete breaking up
of the ship, leaving it in several parts. Hydrocarbons
spread over the sand along the coast. This phenomenon,
which is a major catastrophe, is known as a "black tide".
Well known examples are those of the Amoco Cadiz and,
more recently, the Exxon Valdez.
Black tides cause a heavy toll in flora and fauna.
Thus, the black tide that the Exxon Valdiz produced in
1989 was reported to have killed thousands of marine
mammals and more than 250 000 seabirds. Seabirds and
marine mammals are a particular target in an ecosystem
destroyed by a black tide. Hydrocarbons, in particular
crude oil, get attached to their plumage and coat,
paralyzing them when the oil covers them practically
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completely. Above all, the oil halts the natural
mechanisms needed for the well-being of the animals
occurring at the interface constituted by the coat or
plumage. In the particular case of birds, under the
influence of hydrocarbons, the feathers become matted
destroying the microstructures that capture air, used for
insulation and needed for the well-being of the birds.
Over a period of several hours and days, an inability to
keep heat in leads to hypothermia, malnutrition and
dehydration. Moreover, hydrocarbon absorption at the
birds' dermis leads to poisoning. Additionally, in an
attempt to get rid naturally of the oils and hydrocarbons
with which they are soiled, animals have a tendency to
clean themselves. During this operation, they ingest
hydrocarbons which also results in poisoning. This shock
to their metabolism, both at their coat or plumage as
well as at alimentary level, leads to the birds dying.
It is obvious that rapid cleaning in order to eliminate
the hydrocarbons is extremely important in the animals'
rehabilitation, although this is only a first step.
The different steps in such cleaning are the
following: the animal is caught, transported to the place
of treatment, clinically observed with, if necessary,
administration of first aid. Subsequent steps concern
feeding, anti-stress treatment and then the actual
cleaning performed by washing in successive baths of
appropriate products. This is followed by rinsing,
drying and release as quickly as possible. Throughout
these steps, the animal is observed in order to decide
whether treatment should be continued or whether to
administer euthanasia where the state of the animal is
considered to be too critical.
Great efforts have been made in recent years to
provide compositions enabling animals, and particularly
birds, to be washed and cleaned effectively, and
inoffensively. Several products have been proposed, such
as, for example, conventional detergents such as Teepol
(sold in France by Temama France, Puteaux, France), PCL
21~36C~
(Registered trademark), sawdust, corn starch, mineral
oils, organic solvents, storage tank cleaning agents, and
others. J. Haggin in "Science and Technology" reports
the use of shampoos and washing-up detergents. These
products are described as having a good foaming ability,
but poor suitability in the elimination of oils or
hydrocarbons. Promising results obtained in the
laboratory have in fact not been able to be reproduced
under natural outdoor conditions. B. Jenssen and M.
Ekker in the magazine Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 20,
page 509-512, 1989 describe the action and properties of
four cleaning agents consisting of conventional
detergents. The products that were tested were Zalo (A/S
DeNoFa og Lilleborg Fabriker, Oslo, Norway); Taski-Profi
(Sutler A.G. Munchweilen, Switzerland); and OB-5 and OB-7
(Bentelsen, Blommenhalen, Norway). Out of these, the
authors report that Taski-Profi is the most effective,
for a cleaning period of 10 to 13 minutes. Recently,
several authors have studied the effect of a powerful
detergent, Teepol, and unfortunately came to the
conclusion that although it is powerful, it is also
extremely aggressive to the animal, such as a bird, and
to the person performing cleaning.
The problems listed above are encountered in
situations other than so called black tides. Similar
problems occur when hydrocarbons of all natures are
accidentally spilled, or are voluntarily dumped which
happens when tankers clean their tanks at sea, in a
process usually called degassing. Moreover, aquatic
media of all natures are concerned, rivers and streams,
canals and so on being involved just as much as the
marine environment. Moreover, oils and hydrocarbons are
not the only compounds which create problems with
pollution and damage to the natural environment. All
spillage of toxic chemical products poses comparable
problems. Thus, the problems encountered at the time of
black tides are met up with each time a chemical agent
having a degree of toxicity vis-a-vis certain animal
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species is spilled. Solutions provided here thus apply
to all these cases.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
There is thus a need for a washing agent which is
effective, quick to act, non-toxic and, obviously,
inexpensive. These aims, as well as further aims, are
satisfied by this invention.
Thus, the invention provides a washing agent
comprising, by weight based on the total weight of said
washing agent:
(a) 1 to 10~ of a foaming and detergent agent;
(b) 5 to 50~ of a wetting agent;
(c) 0 to 25~ of a water-miscible solvent;
(d) the balance consisting of water and optionally
additives.
The foaming and detergent agent employed consists of
detergents or surfactants conventionally employed for
this purpose. The foaming and detergent agent is in fact
what is also called, in the trade, a "shampoo" and in the
present specification, the following terms: foaming and
detergent agent, shampoo and shampoo base all signify the
same thing. Conventional shampoo bases are described in
"Encyclopedia of Shampoo Ingredients" by Anthony Hunting,
Micelle Press Inc.
This shampoo base is thus constituted by conventional
surfactants.
In the framework of the present invention, a foaming
and detergent agent comprised, by weight of:
(a) 60 to 95~ of an anionic surfactant; and
(b) 40 to 5~ of an amphoteric surfactant,are
preferred.
Any conventional anionic surfactant known to those
skilled in the art can be used for the anionic
surfactant. Examples from the following families can be
cited: alkali metal or alkaline-earth or ammonium alkyl
(ether) sulfates in which the alkyl is long-chain fatty
alkyl, such as for example ammonium and magnesium lauryl
(ether) sulfates; sulfosuccinates; betaines; imidazoles.
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Preferred anionic surfactants are ammonium lauryl sulfate
and magnesium lauryl ether sulfate.
The amphoteric surfactant employed can be any
conventional amphoteric surfactant known to those skilled
in the art. Examples of these from the following
families can be cited: the betaines, in particular the
sulfo-betaines; the alkylamphodiacetates in which the
alkyl is a long-chain fatty alkyl such as
cocoamphodiacetate. Preferred amphoteric surfactants are
sulfo-betaine and cocoamphodiacetate.
For the wetting agent, any conventional wetting agent
known to those skilled in the art may be employed. A
non-exhaustive list is for example provided in the
Encyclopedia of Shampoo ingredients cited above. The
preferred wetting agent is an alkali metal or alkaline-
earth or ammonium dialkylsulfosuccinate, advantageously
dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate, which will be abbreviated
to DOSS below.
The solvent may not be present in the washing agent.
It is however preferred to employ it to obtain a solvent
action on the chemical compound requiring elimination.
When employed, the solvent is selected as a function of
the chemical compound to be eliminated and consists of
any water-miscible solvent that is a solvent for the
chemical compound concerned. When it is required to
eliminate hydrocarbons, the solvent is a solvent for
fats, in particular oils and hydrocarbons. In one
preferred embodiment of the invention, the solvent is a
water-miscible solvent for fats.
The preferred solvents are alcohols, such as
polypropylene and ethyleneglycol, ethyl alcohol,
isopropyl alcohol, to mention but some.
Preferably, the washing agent comprises, by weight
based on the total weight of said washing agent:
(a) 2 to 5~ of a foaming and detergent agent;
(b) 15 to 20~ of a wetting agent;
(c) l0 to 20~ of a water-miscible solvent;
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_ 6
(d) the balance consisting of water and optionally
additives.
In one embodiment the washing agent further comprises
a conditioner, in an amount of from 0.1 to 5~ by weight,
S based on the total weight of the agent. The purpose of
this conditioning agent, which has a film-forming effect,
is to restore the natural hydrophobic nature of the
feathers, hairs and so on of the creatures. Actually, it
appears from the literature (Jenssen and Ekker, 1988)
that it is the physical structure of the feather which
partially provides the feather with its hydrophobic
nature. This hydrophobic effect is also obtained, for
feathers as well as for hairs, with a naturally secreted
product. Following cleaning with a detergent or
surfactant, secretion returns within days of cleaning,
but at a slow rhythm. This rhythm of secretion is for
example of the order of 50 mg/day, whereas the product of
secretion is naturally present in an amount of several
grams. One thus looks for a product having a cleaning
action which also re-establishes the hydrophobic
character of the plumage or coat of the animal, in order
to return the creature as quickly as possible to
satisfactory conditions, the time factor being a key
element. This aim is achieved by the embodiment of the
present invention mentioned above.
The conditioning agent can be any conventional
conditioning agent known to those skilled in the art.
In the framework of this invention, a conditioning
agent consisting, by weight of:
(a) 20 to 50~ of a cationic polymer; and
(b) 80 to 50~ of a silicone, is preferred.
The cationic polymer can be any conventionally
employed cationic polymer, such as a quaternary ammonium
polymer, and is preferably a quaternized guar gum.
The silicone employed can be any conventionally-
employed silicone; preferably, this is a silicone gum
advantageously in solution in a cyclic silicone oil.
~1S366~
The washing agent may furthermore include all
conventional additives. The following can be cited as
typical examples: a pH regulating agent, a thickening
agent, a preserving agent, a co-surfactant, a perfuming
agent, and so on.
In particular, the washing agent can include a
chelating or complexing compound. This chelating agent
is advantageously present in an amount of 0.05 to l~ by
weight, based on the weight of the washing agent. A
preferred chelating agent for this present invention
consists of the tetra-sodium salt of ethylene diamino-
tetra-acetic acid (Na4 EDTA).
The washing agent is concentrated, which facilitates
handling notably during transport to the place of use.
However, it is preferably used in diluted form. It is
diluted with fresh water, or, failing this, with sea
water.
Thus, the present invention also provides aqueous
compositions comprising, by weight based on the total
weight of the aqueous composition O.l to 20~, preferably
0.5 to 5~, of a washing agent according to the present
nvent lon .
The present invention also relates to the application
of the present washing agent to the cleaning of animals
and thus provides a method for cleaning animals, in
particular birds.
Thus, the present invention provides a method for
cleaning soiled animals, said method comprising the steps
of:
a) applying a washing agent according to this
invention, optionally in an aqueous composition,
to said animal;
b) leaving said washing agent to act for l to 60
minutes;
c) optionally repeating steps a) and b);
d) rinsing and optionally drying said animal.
The washing agent can be applied in pure form, in
which case it can be sprayed or applied by brush or
21~36~5
_ 8
otherwise onto the body of the animal. Alternatively, it
can be diluted in an aqueous composition such as
described in this invention, after which the aqueous
composition is applied to the animal.
Preferably, the washing agent is included in an
aqueous composition of which the washing agent
constitutes O.l to 20~ by weight, preferably 0.5 to 5~.
In one preferred embodiment, during step a) of the
method, the composition is applied to the animal by
immersing the latter in the composition, taking care to
keep its respiratory tract clear.
Advantageously, the composition is left to act for
preferably 5 to 20 minutes during step b).
Preferably, mechanical action is applied to the
animal during step b). Such mechanical action can
consist of pressure action on the plumage or coat,
frequently manual. In the majority of cases, the
pressure action is accompanied by massage action on the
animal within the bath constituted by the composition,
administered by the personnel responsible for cleaning
the animals.
During step c), steps a) and b) are repeated l to 4
times, preferably twice.
When several immersions are performed, the washing
agent concentration in the aqueous composition employed
can be the same or different. When the concentrations
vary, they preferably decrease during treatment.
The cleaning method is not limited to hydrocarbons
but similarly applies to all chemical compounds required
to be eliminated. The operating conditions are then
adapted to the particular chemical compound.
The operating conditions also comprise the use of
appropriate temperatures. In effect, effectiveness can
vary with temperature; generally, high temperatures give
good effectiveness. Account should be taken of the
animal's physiology. Considering that hydrocarbons
provoke hypothermia, the washing bath will advantageously
be warm compared to the animal's body temperature.
2153665
g
Account will also be taken of the fact that the cleaning
operation is often performed manually and the human
operators need to withstand the cleaning temperatures.
Thus, cleaning temperatures are conventionally comprised
between 10 and 50C, with a preferred range of from 20 to
45C. In the case of birds, taking account of their
normal body temperature, the bath is advantageously at
40C.
This invention also provides an alternative
embodiment of the cleaning process described above. It
has surprisingly been found that it is possible to apply
the products constituting the washing agent separately
without this leading to a substantial reduction in
effectiveness.
Thus, the present invention provides a method for
cleaning soiled animals, said method comprising the steps
of:
a) applying a wetting agent to said animal;
b) allowing said wetting agent to act for 1 to 60
minutes;
c) applying a foaming and detergent agent to said
animal;
d) leaving said foaming and detergent agent to act
for 1 to 60 minutes;
e) optionally repeating steps a) to d);
f) rinsing and, optionally, drying said animal.
The expression, "optionally repeating steps a) to d)"
should be taken to mean that one can simply repeat steps
a) and b), or c) and d) or a), b), c) and d), or any
combination thereof; application of wetting agent as the
last step is not generally necessary.
Preferably, the wetting agent and the shampoo base,
in other words the foaming and detergent agent, are
included in compositions, for example alcohol or aqueous
compositions.
These agents or compositions, are preferably applied
by immersing the animal in the composition. It is left
to act, during steps b) and d), preferably for 5 to 20
21~36~
-
minutes. Advantageously, during steps b) and d), the
animal is subjected to mechanical action. Mechanical
action is identical to that described above. Similarly,
as stated above, this method is not limited to
hydrocarbons but applicable to any chemical contaminant.
The present invention thus provides a washing agent
and various methods for applying it.
The washing agent according to the present invention
is distinctly more effective than agents conventionally
employed, all the most so as it is non-toxic. However,
where the animal is not treated rapidly after exposure to
the black tide, the hydrocarbons have a tendency to age
on the plumage or coat, and it then becomes difficult to
eliminate them. This difficulty also arises with very
heavy, high-boiling point hydrocarbons. In this case,
pre-treatment is necessary. J. Haggin, Science &
Technology, suggests pre-treatment that takes the form of
treatment designed to soften the hydrocarbons. To
achieve this, the use of methyl oleate is proposed, by
way of a pre-treatment agent.
The present invention, according to one of its
aspects, thus discloses an effective softening and
detaching agent. Thus, the present invention also
provides a softening and detaching agent comprised, by
weight, based on the total weight of said agent:
(a) lO to 90% of a fatty acid ester;
(b) 90 to lO~ of a wetting agent.
This softening and detaching agent is also called a
pre-shampoo or pre-washing agent and these terms have the
same meaning in this specification. I
The fatty acid ester employed can be any conventional
ester known to those skilled in the art. Examples which
can be cited are: isopropyl myristate and palmitate, and
ethylhexyl cocoate. Ethylhexyl cocoate is preferred for
the purposes of this invention.
The wetting agent is any known agent as indicated
above when discussing the washing agent. In this present
invention, the preferred wetting agent is an alkaline or
2153~65
11
alkaline earth metal or ammonium dialkylsulfosuccinate
and is advantageously dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate
(DOSS), like it is in the washing agent.
Preferably, the softening and detaching agent
comprises:
(a) 30 to 70~ of a fatty acid ester;
(b) 70 to 30~ of a wetting agent.
The softening agent in fact acts as would a detaching
agent for fabric. The softening agent can be applied as
such, using conventional techniques. It can furthermore
be applied also without subsequent cleaning with a
conventional washing agent or the washing agent according
to this invention, although this manner of operating is
not preferred.
The present invention also relates to the application
of the softening agent according to this invention to the
softening and/or detaching of hydrocarbon patches or
concentrates on the plumage or coat of animals.
Thus, the present invention provides a method for
softening or detaching concentrated sludge of chemical
compounds, for example hydrocarbons, on the plumage or
coats of animals, comprising the steps of:
a) applying to said animal a softening and detaching
agent according to this invention;
b) allowing said softening and detaching agent to act
for at least 5 minutes;
c) rinsing said animal;
d) optionally, repeating steps a) and b);
e) optionally drying said animal.
In one embodiment, during step a) of the method, the
softening agent is applied to the animal by spraying.
Unlike the washing agent which is applied diluted in an
aqueous composition, the softening agent is applied in
the pure state although dissolving it in a suitable
solvent can nevertheless be envisaged. It is possible to
repeat the application of the softening agent when there
are numerous areas of high hydrocarbon concentration on
215~665
12
the animal or when the hydrocarbons are particularly
difficult to eliminate.
Preferably, in this method, the agent is allowed to
act for 5 to 30 minutes during step b). This applies
particularly to the case where pre-washing is followed
immediately by washing, using, for example, a washing
agent according to this invention.
In an alternative embodiment, step b) requires from l
to 5 hours. This applies when the washing phase does not
immediately follow the pre-washing operation, or where
the animal is covered with chemical compounds that are
particularly difficult to remove. Thus, after the
creatures have been caught, they can be kept in a waiting
area prior to being cleaned. The flexibility of use of
the pre-washing agent according to this invention can
thus be seen.
It is possible to dry the animal if subsequent
cleaning is not envisaged. Where the animal is to be
cleaned, it is not necessary to dry it.
The application of the softening or pre-washing agent
is not limited to hydrocarbons or fats, but applies to
any chemical compound for which a softening and detaching
action is useful. The operating conditions are then
adapted to the chemical compound to be eliminated.
The present invention also provides a method
comprising a preliminary pre-washing step and a second
washing step. Thus, in the present invention, a method
for cleaning soiled animals is provided comprising the
steps of:
a) applying to said animal a softening and detaching
agent according to the invention;
b) allowing said softening and detaching agent to act
for at least 5 minutes;
c) applying to said animal a washing agent according
to this invention;
d) allowing said washing agent to act for l to 60
minutes;
e) optionally repeating steps a) to d);
21~366~
_ 13
f) rinsing and, optionally, drying said animal.
The expression "optionally repeating steps a) to d)"
should be taken to mean that it is in fact possible to
repeat steps a) and b) only, or c) and d) only, or a),
b), c) and d), or any combination thereof.
The manner in which this method is applied can be
readily determined from the manners of operation employed
in the methods described above. This is a routine matter
for those skilled in the art.
Although the applicant does not in any way wish to
apply limitations, the present method is particularly
preferably applied to hydrocarbons.
The invention also relates to the use of a washing
agent according to this invention for cleaning soiled
animals, preferably birds that have been soiled by
hydrocarbons.
The invention also concerns the use of a softening
and detaching agent according to the invention for
detaching concentrated chemical compound sludge on
animals, particularly hydrocarbon sludge on birds.
This invention also makes it possible to save species
such as: the seal, sea-calf, penguin, albatross, seagull,
gull, gannet, guillemot, petrel, puffin, duck, diving
duck or pochard, garrot or goldeneye, long-tailed duck
and others.
The following examples are provided simply by way of
illustration of the present invention and should in no
manner be considered as limiting the scope thereof. In
these examples, the international CTFA nomenclature is
30 employed.
EXAMPLE 1 - Preparation of washing agent.
The washing agent prepared had the following
composition, for lO0 parts by weight:
35 Sham~oo base
. anionic surfactant
. ammonium lauryl sulfate (70~) .............. 2.5
. magnesium lauryl ether sulfate (70~). l.5
Zt53~65
14
. disodium ricinoleamido MEA sulfo-
succinate (40~) ............................. 0. 5
amphoteric surfactant
. cocoamidopropylhydroxy sultaine (50%) ....... 0.75
. disodium cocoamphodiacetate (50~) ........... 1.0
Wetting agent
. dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate (70~) .......... 25
Conditioner
. cyclic silicone and dimethyl gum ............ 0. 5
. hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltri-
monium chloride ............................. 0.2
Solvent
. ethanol (95~) ............................... 7
Others
. Na4 EDTA .................................... 0.05
. citric acid.... .......................... 0. 05
. Steareth 100 ................................ 0.25
. PEG 200 tallow glycerides ................... 0. 25
. perfuming agent.............................. 1. 5
. imidazolidinyl urea ......................... 0.1
. Kathon CG ................................... 0.06
Water........................................... qsp 100 g
The procedure was as follows. The shampoo base,
citric acid (pH regulator) and the water were introduced
into a recipient and were heated to 75C and left to cool
after homogenization. The Steareth 100 (thickener) was
melted in a first melting pot at around 70C and the
cyclic silicone and dimethyl gum (conditioner) were
added. The PEG 200 tallow glycerides (thickener) and the
perfuming agent were mixed at around 50C in a second
melting pot after which the hydroxypropyl guar
hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride (conditioner) was added.
After homogenization, the content of the second melting
pot was introduced into the first. Following this, the
content of the first melting pot was added to the
recipient at around 50-55C. The dioctylsodium
sulfosuccinate and the ethanol were mixed and the
resulting mixture was added to the recipient, at around
21~36~
~_ 15
30C. Finally, the imidazolidinylurea and the Kathon CG
(both preservatives) were added.
EXAMPLE 2 - Preparation of the softening and detaching
agent
. ethylhexyl cocoate...... .................. 50
. dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate (70~) .... 50
The softening and detaching agent was obtained by
simply mixing the constituents.
EXAMPLE 3 - Toxicity of washing agent
Acute toxicity (single-dose administration) tests
were carried out on rats by oral route. The ingested
product was pure.
Eye tolerance tests were carried out using the
primary eye irritation method in the rabbit and using the
EYTEX method (in vitro test).
The results were as follows:
. acute toxicity .... ....................5 ml/kg is a non-lethal and
non-toxic dose;
the lethal dose is not
defined but is distinctly
higher than 5 ml/kg
. eye tolerance:
. primary irritation
in the rabbit ... ....product very slightly irritating
. Eytex .......... ....slightly irritating
EXAMPLE 4 - Toxicity of softening and detaching agent
The same tests were carried out as above. The
results were as follows:
. acute toxicity . 2 ml/kg is a non-lethal and
non-toxic dose;
5 mg/kg is a dose producing
20~ mortality rate and
digestive problems
the lethal dose is over 5 ml/kg
. eye tolerance:
. primary irritation
in the rabbit... product very slightly irritating
. Eytex .......... slightly irritating
215366~
16
EXAMPLE 5 Effectiveness of washing and pre-washing agents
The tests were carried out with feathers in order to
test the various products in a process for cleaning
birds.
Duck feathers were used. In order to come close to
real conditions, a packet of 5 feathers was employed.
Furthermore, the crude oil was allowed to dry for 11
days. Mechanical agitation (Heydolph agitator) was
employed.
The test procedure was as follows. After weighing
the feathers they were immerse in crude consisting of BAL
150 Arabian Light, for several seconds. They were then
allowed to drain and weighed again. The oil was allowed
to dry for 10 days. The feathers, which were fixed to
the agitator, were agitated for a period of time
expressed in minutes in the aqueous composition
containing a cleaning product, at a concentration C
expressed in weight ~, at a temperature T expressed in
C. A similar procedure was employed for rinsing with
pure water.
The residual amount of crude was estimated using
chloroform extraction of the BAL 150 and colorimetric
hydrocarbon assay (~ = 580 nm).
The operating conditions were as follows, for a
packet of 5 feathers on which the crude had dried for 10
days:
. duration of washing .............. 10 min
. washing temperature . ............ 40C
. duration of rinsing .............. 10 min
. rinsing temperature .............. 20C
. speed of agitation ............... 50 rpm
Various compositions were tested. The DOSS is
available in an ethyl alcohol composition at a
concentration of 70~; it was diluted to provide an
aqueous composition with 1~ active compound. The foaming
and detergent agent, in other words the shampoo,
corresponded to the composition given in example 1, in
21536g5
_ 17
which the DOSS was absent. The products were employed at
a l~ active compound concentration.
Influence of wettinq aqent on effectiveness of cleaninq
Products HYdrocarbon elimination
DOSS ............................... ... 39.3
DOSS for pre-washing + shampoo ... 61.5
DOSS + shampoo.... ................ 72.5
Shampoo ............................... 26. 4
It can be seen that two formulations give good
results. The first involves applying the wetting agent
followed by the shampoo; the second consists in mixing
the wetting agent and the shampoo, in other words the
washing agent according to this invention. The solvent
is provided by the DOSS in solution in alcohol.
Manner of usinq softeninq and detachinq agent
In order to soften the hydrocarbons which had been
allowed to dry for an excessive period on the bird
feathers, the pre-washing agent according to the present
invention, which should facilitate washing of the bird
with shampoo, was tested.
The use of the pre-washing agent or pre-shampoo made
it possible to eliminate 68~ of crude that had dried on a
packet of feathers. The results are given in the table
below. The softening agent was applied by spraying and
allowed to act for l0 min. The washing conditions were
the same as those given above for the test of the
influence of the wetting agent on effectiveness of
shampooing.
Products hydrocarbon elimination
softening and detaching agent........... 50.0
Shampoo/DOSS ........................... 59.5
softening agent for pre-wash +
shampoo/DOSS ......................... 67.8
softening agent + shampoo/DOSS
mixed ................................. 34.0
It will be noted that the mixture of all the
components is inactive. It will also be seen that the
softening agent alone already has a high degree of
2153~
18
effectiveness, and that the action of the softening agent
prior to washing increases the effectiveness of the
washing agent.
Tests carried out in situ on living birds showed that
the use of the products according to this invention makes
it possible to obtain birds that were almost dry after
washing.
