Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~ 307
IR Fl286
POURA RT T- DETFR('IT-~NT CON~NTRATE~
WT~TCH MAINTAIN OR INCREASE TN VISCOSITY AFTFT~
DTT UTION WITH WATER
BACKGROUND OFT~ INVF~TION
Field of ~he Invention
15 This inYention relates to ~queous detergent concentrates adapted to bc
diluted by ~he consumer prior fO use.
Descri~tion of Rel~t~d Art
20 There is a trend in the household products and personal care ir l ~ 5
to provide products in concentrated form which are adapted to be
di~uted with water by the consumer prior to use. This approach reduces
the bull~ of p~ in~ which needs to be disposed of by the consumer
and teduces the shipping and handling costs associated with
25 distribution of such products.
Aqueous liquid concentrates such ~s laundry, fine fabric and
dishwasher d~ ,c,.~ are normally provided with a high content of
active ingredients such that, when diluted by the consumer per
30 p~ in~ e the diluted product will contain an amount of
active ;- c.~ c normally present in a non- - ' product.
However, the provision of ~ ~ r d~d liquids gives rise to a number of
problems, including viscosity conttol and stability.
(~n- dll.;i liquids tend to e~hibit a higher viscosity due to the high
content of surfactants, builders, electrolytes and other
present in the: ~- dlC. Collcc,,lldt~,s having viscosities in e~cess of
10,000 cps (mPas~ tend to be difficult to pour from the p~
62301-1929
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
30~
container, while pourable UllCt:~lLLCltes tend to have
insufficient viscosity on the other hand when dyyluyLiately
diluted by the ~ :r -r, thereby reducinq c-- -r appeal.
Also, surfactants present at high levels in such
5 coY~Centrates tend to form closely spaced, ~ J~ d
la -Fl~r structures which tend to contact one another after
periods of storage, resulting in a flocculation rh~r
which destabilizes the suspension and leads to a marked
increase in product viscosity.
One approach to dealing with poor post-dilution viscosity
is to include in the liquid concentrate formulation one or
more organic or inorganic th i ~-kPn i nq agents such as
swelling clays, alumina, gums, polymeric materials or
15 cellulosic polymers. However, the use of such th;~k~ning
additives tends to worsen the problem of ullC~:IILL~e
pourability and imparts only a minimal viscosity increase
to the diluted u..c~nLLi~te.
- 2~ Hydrophilic polymeric materials have also been used in
liguid detergent ~_UIl- ~llLLc.tes as viscosity control agents.
For example, U.S. Patent 4,715,969 discloses that the
addition of less than about 0.5% by weight of a
polyacrylate polymer, e.g., sodium polyacrylate, having a
25 molecular weight ~rom about l, 000 to 5, 000, to aqueous
detergent compositions containing primarily anionic
surfactants will stabilize the viscosity of the composition
and prevent a major increase in viscosity after a period of
storage of the formulated composition. Also, EPO 301,883
30 fliq~loc~s similar compositions containing from about 0.1 to
20S by weight of a viscosity reducing, water soluble
polymer such as polyethylene glycol, dextran or a dextran
sul f onate .
5 While these and other approaches tend to enhance
te pourability, they do not solve the problem of
poor post-dilution viscosity.
~lB8307
. 3
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to provide a
liquid detergent concentrate which exhibits a sufficiently
low viscosity such that it is pourable as a free flowing
li~uid from its packaging container and which also exhibits
S ~ viscosity after appropriate dilution with water which is
preferably at lea6t equal to the viscosity of the original,
unailuted concentrate.
S~ARY oF T~TF IN~tENT~ON
The present invention provides pourable aqueous detergent
u u..- enLL~lte compositions comprisinq a n~ l 1 Ar dispersion
of a mixture of at least two surfactants having differing
resistance to electrolytic salting out and a dissolved
15 electrolyte salt, which co~uel.~L~lte has a viscosity of less
than about 2500 cps (mPas) and which contains the
electrolyte salt at a u u~l~.6llLL~tion such that, upon
dilution of the concentrate with a designated amount of
water, the m;c~llAr surfactant dispersion is converted at
- 2Q least partially or totally into a l~ r phase
dispersion, thereby providing a diluted uu..~ LL~te having
a viscosity in excess of 200 cps, and more preferably a
viscosity at least egual to and generally higher than the
viscosity of the undiluted concentrate.
The invention also provide a method for preparing a diluted
detergent concentrate having a viscosity at least about
equal to and generally higher than the viscosity of the
lln~ uted cu..cJ-.LL~,te comprising:
a) providing a detergent ~ullC~I.LL~lte composition comprising
an aqueous mic-~llAr dispersion of a mixture of at least two
surfactants having differing resistance to electrolytic
salting out and a dissolved electrolyte salt, which
35 u..- e..LLc.te has a viscosity of less than about 2500 Cp8
(mPas), and
b) diluting the ~ul~c~--LL~te with sufficient water such that
62301-1929
~16~3~7
4
said ~ Ul~ Pl-LLaLe is at least partially converted into a
Ar phase di5persion, thereby providing a diluted
ate having a viscosity in excess of 200 cps, more
preferably a viscosity at least egual to the viscosity of
5 the undiluted ::v..cenLL~te.
RRT~ ES~RTPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a graph plotting viscosity characteristics of
10 a dispersed surfactant system in the micDllAr and 1 -llAr
phases as a function of electrolyte ~_vllu_~lLLation.
Figure 2 is a graph plotting viscosity ~nh~nf --L of a
detergent concentrate of the invention as a function of the
15 degree of dilution with water.
DETAILED ~ES~ RTPTION OF THE INVENTION
When surfactants are solubilized in electrolyte-free water,
- 20 they exhibit different phase aLLU~L~L~S in accordance with
~ulluc:llLLation and degree Or water solubility. At
cu..c~llLLc.tions of less than about 30-40 wt%, surfactants
usually form the micellar isotropic solution "L" phase.
mese micelles are aggregates of surfactant molecules, too
25 small to be visible through an optical microscope. These
mic~lle~ tend to form spherical shapes at lower
uullc~llLLc.tions and become cylindrical in shape at higher
C- llC~ Lations within this range. Mir~llAr solutions look
and behave in most cases ag true clear solutions with very
30 low viscosity, e.g., generally less than about 200 cps.
When the surfactant ~ ol~cel.LL-tion in water is increased up
to about 50 to 60 wt%, many surfactants form a wax-liXe or
gel-like "M" phase, also referred to as the liquid crystal
35 phase, in which the cylindrical a~-~Le ~ates are arranged
very close ~n~eth~r in a h~ .. .A 1 structure. At this
phase, the ~;~p-~r~Rion is; ~;le and unpourable due to the
fact that mobility of the cylindrical aggregates is limited
62301-1929
21~83~
5
only along the cylinder lengths.
At eu..cel-L-i~tions above about 60 wt% and below about 80
wt9~, surfactants form a more mobile "G" or "L alpha"
5 l~ qr phase. ri -llAr phases are anisotropic phases
composed of successive bilayers of surfactant arranged in
riqr~ and separated by a liquid medium, usually an
aqueous medium. T~r~ qr phase solutions are less viscous
than i~ phase solutions even though they contain less water.
10 This reduction in viscosity is due to the ease with which
the parallel layers can slide over each other during shear.
ri -llAr phase solutions are, however, generally more
viscous than micellar phase solutions.
15 At still higher concentrations, surfactants form a hydrated
solid. Some surfactants such as the non-ionics tend to
form a liquid phase containing dispersed water droplets of
micelle size.
20 Further ~liccllcsion of the properties of various surfactants
dispersed in water as a function of ~ùl.~ e..L.cltion is found
in U.S. Patents 3,893,955, 4,243,549 and 4,753,754.
The present invention is grounded on the discovery that
25 ~;cP~ r dispersions of certain combinations of surfactants
having differing resistance to electrolytic salting out can
be converted at relatively low surfactant concentrations
into and out of 1 l l iir phase dispersions as a function of
the ~,..ce-.L.~ltion of water soluble electrolyte added to the
30 dispersion. This rh~- is illustrated in ~igure 1
which '- L~ltes the development of a ~ -llAr, more
viscous phase within a m;cPlli~r sur~actant ~licpc~rRirn
containing a certain ~ ,I.c~ tion range of electrolyte,
and reversion to the m;cPllilr phase above and below that
35 ~ el.L-~tion range.
Thus, conce..L,~.ted micellar phase detergents containing up
to about 60 wt% of surfactants and containing a water
62301-1929
8~
soluble electrolyte at a ~ ul.-, l,L-c-tion in excess of the
~ UIlC~ Lc~tion which promotes conversion of the micelle
phase to the 7 i - l l A r phase can be diluted with water to
the point where the electrolyte iu.~cel~LLlltion falls within
5 the l i - l l Ar phase-promoting concentratiOn ranqe for the
particular system. Dilution levels of the u ullc~llLL~Le may
generally range from about 0 . 5 to abcut 5 volumes of water
per volume of uul~c~lL-~ste. Conversion of the micelle
dispersion into a li llAr dispersion produces an increase
10 in viscosity of the detergent composition which at least
equals, and normally will exceed, the viscosity of the
undLluted, micellar phase concentrate. In effect, li llAr
phase development which normally occur5 at surfactant
uullu~llL~tions of about 60 to 80 wt% is created in the
15 m;c~llAr phase, where the surfactant ~ull~-:llLLc~tion is
considerably lower, by careful control of the cull i~llLL~,tion
of electrolyte present in the dispersion. Thus, viscosity
a~nhAr L is achieved without the presence of 1~hirl~an;nq
adjuvants in the cù~ce~LL~,te formulation.
me combination of surfactants which may be used in the
present invention may be selected from anionic, non-ionic,
cationic and amphoteric species, including mixtures
containing different species or mixtures of different
25 surfactants within the same species.
Suitable anionic surfactants include the water-soluble
alkali metal salts having alkyl radicals con~A;n;n7 from
about 8 to about 22 carbon atomq, the term alkyl being used
30 to include the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals.
EYamples of suitable synthetic anionic detergent _ '~
are sodium and potassium alkyl sulphates, ~re~ lly those
obtained by sulphating higher (Ca-C18) i~lcnholq pLuduced,
~or example, from tallow or coconut oil; sodium and
35 potassium alkyl (C9-C20~ benzene sulfonates, particularly
sodium linear secnn~l~ry alkyl (C10-C15) benzene sulfonates;
sodium alkyl glycerol ether sulfates, ~qren;Ally those
ethers of the higher A 1 cnhnlq derived from tallow or
21~830~
coconut oil and synthetic alcohols derived from petroleum;
sodium coconut oil fatty monoglyceride sulfates and
sulfonates; sodium and potassium salts of sulfuric acid
esters of higher (C8-C18) fatty alcohol-alkylene oxide,
5 particularly ethylene oxide reaction products; the reaction
prudu~;L~i of fatty acids such as coconut fatty acids
esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium
hydroxide: sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid amides
of methyl taurine; alkane oslll fonates such as those
10 derived from reacting alpha-olefins (Cl-Cz0) with sodium
bisulfite and those derived from reacting paraffins with
SO2 and C12 and then hydrolyzing with a base to produce a
random sulfonate: and olefin sulfonates which term is used
to describe the material made by reacting olefins,
15 particularly C10-C20 alpha-olefins, with SO~ and then
neutralizing and hydrolyzing the reaction product. me
preferred anionic surfactants are (C10-C18) alkyl
polyethoxy ~l-ll Eo) sulfates and mixtures thereof having
differing water solubilities.
Suitable nonionic surfactants include, in particular, the
reaction products of ~ '- having a hydrophobic group
and a reactive hydrogen a~-om, for example aliphatic
Alcnhnlc, acids, amides and alkyl phenols with alkylene
25 oxides, ~spe~ iAlly ethylene oxide, either alone or with
propylene oxide. Specific nonionic surfactant ~ '-
are alkyl (C6-C18) primary or secon~l~ry linear or branched
alcohols cnn~ n~o~ with ethylene oxide, and products made
by ~ tion of ethylene oxide with the reaction
30 l~rud~ L; of propylene oxide and ethylono~ m;n~. Other so-
called n~n;~n;~ surfactant ~ '- include long chain
tertiary amine oxides, long-chain tertiary rhnsrhin~
oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides, fatty (C~-Cl8) esters of
glycerol, sorbitan and the like, alkyl polyglycosides,
35 ethoxylated glycerol esters, ethyoxylated sorbitans and
ethoxylated phosphate esters.
me preferred non-ionic surfactant ~_ __ - are those of
~68~
8
the ethoxylated and mixed ethyoxylated-propyloXylated ~C6-
C1~) fatty alcohol type, containing 2-ll EO groups.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the
5 compositions of the present invention are betaines and
those which can be broadly described as derivatives of
aliphatic secQr~ ry and tertiary amines in which the
aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and
wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from
10 about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an
anionic water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Examples of ~
falling within this def inition are sodium 3-
dodecyl ~tm; nnpropionate~ sodium 3-dodecyl~mi nnpropane
15 sulfonate, N-alkyltaurines, such as prepared by reacting
dodecylamine with sodium isothionate, N-higher alkyl
aspartic acids and the products sold under the trade name
"!~iranol " .
20 Examples of betaines useful herein include the high alkyl
betaines such as coco dimethyl caL~u~y yl betaine,
lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alpha . aLl,u,.ye~hyl betaine, oetyl dimethyl caLl,u~y ~llyl
betaine, lauryl bis(2 hy~llv~y~:Lllyl) c2rboxy methyl betaine,
25 stearyl bis-(2-11y~Lu~.y~Lu~yl) caL,.U.cy L~.yl betaine, oleyl
dimethyl gamma-caLLv,~y~Lu~yl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-
ilydLu~y~Luyyl) alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, etc. The sulfo-
he~ i n~ may be represented by coco dimethyl sulfopropyl
betaine, steary-l dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl bis-
30 (2 ~-y-lLu~y~Lhyl) sulfopropyl betaine, amino betaine
Ami~os~l fnhet:~in~s, and the like.
Other suitable betaines include l-(lauryl, dimethyl; ;n)
acetate-l-(myristyl dimethylammonio) propane-3-sulfonate,
35 l-(myristyl dimethylamino)-2-hyd~u,~y~Lu~ane-3-sulfonate,
coco~m; cloethyl he~ i ne and roco~m; ~lopropylbetaine .
Cationic surfactants which maybe used include mono CZs-C24
21~8~0~
alkyl or alkenyl onium salts, ecr~riAl ly mono-or
polyammonium salts, imidazolinium salts, pyridinium salts
or mixtures thereof. FcreriAl ly preferred cationics
include the following:
stearyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride;
dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride; nonylbenzylethyl~ yl
ammonium Nitrate, tetradecylpyridinium bromide;
laurylpyridinium chloride; cetylpyridinium chloride;
10 laurylisoauinolium bromide; ditallow (hydrogenated) dimethyl
ammonium chloride; dilauryldimethyl ammonium chloride; and
stearalkonium chloride.
A more detailed illustration of the various surfactants and
15 classes of surfactants mentioned may be found in the text
Sllrface Active Aaents, Vol. II, by schwartz, Perry and
Berch (Interscience Publishers, 1958), in a series of
annual publications entitled McCutcheon's Deteraents and
F~lllcifier5 issued in 1969, or in Tenside-Tas~henhuch~ H.
- 20 Stache, 2nd Ed. Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich and Vienna,
1981 .
In order to achieve the objectives of this invention, the
surfactant or at least one of a combination of two or more
25 surfactants used must possess a hiqh resistance to salting
out in the presence of an electrolyte such as potassium
citrate or sodium chloride. By "high salting out
resistance" is meant that a 10% by weight aaueous solution
of a particular surfactant should remain as a clear
30 isotropic, stable solution where the aaueous solution
contains about 4% by weight of dissolved citrate
electrolyte .
Conversely, a surfactant of low electrolyte resistance iEi
35 one where a 10% by weight aqueous solution would form a
cloudy, turbid or two phase solution in the presence of 4%
by weight or less of potassium citrate.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, _
2~8~7
Thus, high salting out resistant surfactants which can be
used alone or as a mixture in the composition of this
invention include Cl2 - C1~ fatty alcohol ether sulfates
(AEOS) with 2 or 3 moles of ethylene oxide, preferably 2
5 moles of ethylene oxide and mixtures thereof. Some other
high salting out resistant surfactantS, e.g. betaines and
AEOS surfactants having 4 or greater EO groups cannot be
used as the sole surfactant because they do not provide the
desired viscosity boost at relatively low electrolytic
l0 levels.
Low salting out resistant surfactants which cannot be used
as the sole surfactant include linear alkyl benzene
sulfonates (LAS) or the alkyl sulfates, since these tend to
15 salt out in the presence of only 1% by weight electrolyte
Other surfactants which can not be used alone include AEOS
surfactants having a high EO content, e.g. 4 moles or
greater and betaines, because, although they have a high
resistance to electrolytic salting out, they do not exhibit
- 2~0 a substantial viscosity boost when diluted with water.
In a more preferred ~ L of the invention, the
surfactants comprise a mixture of two or more surfactants,
at least one of which has a high salting out resistance and
25 at least one other of which has a low salting out
resistance. Such a combination provides the desired
balance of electrolytic stability afforded by the
electrolyte-resistant surfactant combined with a higher
boost in viscosity provided by the non-electrolyte
30 resistant surfactant when the surfactant phase is converted
from the micpllAr phase to the li 11i~r phase upon dilution
with water.
Specific combinations of surfactants which may be used
35 include AEOS (2EO) or AEOS (3EO) mixed with AEOS > (4EO);
AEOS (2EO) blended with AEOS (3EO) (4:1 to 1:4 blend
ratios); a mixture of a betaine, e.g.
cocni~mi-~n~ropylbetaine, with linear alkyl benzene sulfonate
2~68307
. --
11
(3 : 1 to 1: 1 blend ratios?; a blend of C8 to C13 alkyl
sulfates or sulfonates with AEOS (2 or 3EO) at 2:1 to 1:2
blend ratios; a ternary blend of C8 to C18 alkyl sulfate or
sulfonate with a Cl3 - C15 fatty ethoxy alcohol (6-10 EO~
5 and AEOS (2-3EO), blended at about equal parts of each
surfactant; a ternary blend of a betaine, e.q.
ro~ oAmi~-proplybetaine, with a C~3 - C,5 fatty ethoxy
alcohol (6-lOEO) and AEOS (2-3EO) and like co~binations.
10 When combined, such surfactants exhibit the desired balance
of properties and stability required for the present
invention. Accordingly, some trial and error may be
required to determine the oetimum surfactant combination.
Surfactants may be combined in the relative weight ratios
15 of about 4 :1 to 1: 4 respectively.
A particularly preferred surfactant combination comprises
a mixture of an anionic alkyl polyethoxy sulfate (AEOS)
wherein the alkyl group contains from about 10 to 18 carbon
- 20 atoms and the polyethyoxy is of 2 to 7 ethylene oxide
groups, more preferably 2 or 3 ethylene oxide groups and a
non-ionic ethoxylated fatty alcohol wherein the fatty
alcohol contains from about 6 to 18 carbon atoms and
containing 2-11 ethylene oxide groups, used in the relative
25 proportion of 3 :1 to 1: 3 .
The surfactant combination may be present in the
Le at a level of from about 10 to 60% by weight,
more preferably from about 10 to 35~ by weight.
Electrolytes which may be used in the present invention
include one of a mixture of water soluble organic and
inorganic salts. Suitable inorganics include alkali or
i~lkAl in~ earth metal chlorides, sulfates, phosphates,
35 acetates and nitrates such as sodium, magnesium, lithium or
calcium chloride, potassium bromide, calcium sulfate and
the like. Organic salts include the citrates, formates and
salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid. A preferred
2~8307
electrolyte is sodium or potassium citrate since it also
contributes as a builder in detergent compositions in the
amount used.
5 $he amount of electrolyte present in any given concentrate
is detprm; nPd by first evaluating the ~u..~ie-.L~ ation in a
diluted product containing a given combination of
surfactants where conversion from the micellar into the
li -11Ar phase is achieved, and than multiplying that level
10 of u~.~el~LLGtion by the dilution factor as hereinafter
described. Generally spPilk;n~, the concentrate will
normally contain electrolyte at a level in the range of
from about 1 to about 309~ by weight.
~5 The detergent composition of the invention may be used in
numerous applications such as heavy duty laundry
detergents, dish detergents, household cleaners, sh 9,
body douche and body lotions. Accordingly they may contain
the usual quantities of one or more adjuvants such as
- 20 rhosrhl~rous and non-phosphorous containing builders,
fluorescent brighteners, dyes, peL r, - -, viscosity
regulators, shampoo adjuvants, enzymes, bleaches,
batericidies, fungicides, anti-foam agents, preservatives,
stabilizers and skin conditioners. The adjuvants should
25 not, however, be of a type which will promote instability
of the product on standing.
For the ~u~os~s of this invention, all references to
viscosity are viscosity measured at a product temperature
30 of 2SC using a Brookfield RV$-DVll vi~ :~ ~ at 10 rpm,
with a #l spindle from 0 to 1000 mPas (cps) and a #2
spindle from 1000 to 4000 mPas (cps).
$he following eYampleS are illustrative of the invention.
F le 1
A stock fine fabric detergent formulation was prepared by
21~83û7
13
mixing the following ingredients (as 100% active
ingredients by weight) and in the following proportions in
a high shear mixer:
5 D~ ni7ed water 89.43%
NI--7EO* 3 . 70
AEOS--3EO** 3 . 80
Coco amino betaine 1. 50
Foam control - myristic acid 0.10
Foam control - lauric acid 0. 70
Fraqrance o . 35
Protein cosmetic 0 . 01
Opacifier 0.38
Preservative o. 03
Dye 0. 0001
*NI-7EO is C13 - C1s fatty alcohol with 7EO.
**AEOS-3EO i5 Clz - Cl~ fatty alcohol ether sulfate with
3EO .
20 The resulting product was a clear micellar dispersion
having a viscosity of about 12 cps (12 mPas). Ph was
adjusted to about 7 . 4 to 7 . 6 by addition of potassium
hydroxide (50% j . The product had a total active
ingredient content of about 10. 5%, of which about 9% is
2 5 surf actant content .
EX312~le 2
A series of ten additional solutions (A-J) having the
30 composition of Example 1 were prepared except that a
combination of citric acid and potassium hydroxide (50%) at
about a 1. 0 to 0 . 9 weight ratio was added at appropriate
weight levels to form solutions containing about 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10% by weight, respectively, of
35 potassium citrate electrolyte. Ph of each was adjusted to
7 . 4 - 7 . 6 as above . Viscosity mea~uL- Ls were as
follows:
` 14
EXAMP~E ~TFCT~OLyTE CONf'rNTRATION (WT~6) VISCoSITy (CPS)
o 12
2A 1 20
2B 2 75
2C 3 390
2D 4 910
2E 5 1020
2F 6 625
2G 7 290
2~I 8 175
2I 9 120
2J 10 100
15 Microscopic examination of the samples showed the
development of a lamellar phase at electrolyte
col.~en~Lc.tions in the range of from about 3-7~6 by weight,
wi~ peak lam~llar phase development at about 4-596 by
weight electrolyte concentration. Above and below these
- 20 electrolyte concentrations, the solutions were essentially
clear, isotropic, micPllAr solutions. These data are
plotted in Figure 1.
These data suggest that concentrated versions of the
25 formulations described above may be prepared by simply
increasing the concentration of the active ingredients,
including electrolyte, up to but below the point where
stable, pourable mir-llAr phase dispersions having a
viscosity of 200 cps or lesg can no longer be formed. Upon
30 dilution of these micPl 1 Ar ...,l~. ,..LLates with an appropriate
amount of water to the point where the electrolyte
CUI~ LGtion best promotes viscosity ~nhAnl l, in this
case about 4 to 5% by weight conc~ -LGtion, a diluted
product having a viscosity at least equal to or higher than
35 the original viscosity of the ~ LGte will be obtained.
This is illustrated by the following Example.
.
21~83~
~Yi~mnle 3
A concentrate having approximately double the concentration
of active ingredients of Example 2E, which contained about
5 5% by weight electrolyte, was prepared as described above.
The ~ U.~cel~L,-te had the following composition:
Doinni70-1 water 67.9%
NI-7Eo 7 . 4 0
AEûS-3EO 9
Coco amino betaine 3 .
Foam control - myristic acid 0.10
Foam control - lauric acid 1. 50
Citric acid (anhy) 5-
XOH (50%) 4.40
Fragrance O . 70
Protein cosmetic 0. 01
ûpaci f ier O . 7 5
Preservative O . 07
- 20 Dye 0. 0002
The pH of the concentrate was adjusted to 7.4 to 7.6 using
50% KoH as above. The concentrate had a viscoisity of lOO-
150 cps and formed a clear, isotropic micellar dispersion.
25 Total active ingredients were about 31.2% by weight, of
which about 19 . 4% by weight is surfactant and about 9% by
weight is potassium citrate electrolyte.
Portions of the ~_o~ L~lte were then diluted with varying
30 amounts o~ tap water ais illustrated in Figure 2. The
uu"ce"LLate developed a marked increase in viscosity with
increasing dilution up to a maximum value in the ~ r
phase and then began to drop again with the reformation of
a micolli~r solution. The twice diluted product (one volume
35 water per volume of ~ u..cel.LLate) exhibited a viscosity in
the range of 600-800 cps.
~ ~8307
16
Accordingly, pourable deterqent ~ ul-ce--LLa-es having a
viscosity of 200 Cp5 and less are readily converted, by
simple mixing, into water diluted ~;u..~ -LLa~es having a
viscosity in excess of 400 cps which have rnnci~orable
appeal to the ~ r,
