Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
175~~
RUMEN BY-PASS COMPOSITION
FIELD OF INVENTION
5The present invention relates to a rumen by-pass composition.
Particularly, this invention relates to a composition comprising a biologically
active ingredient and a coating material. The coating material, which comprises
cream, protects the biologically active ingredient from rumen ferment~tion but
allows the release of the biologically active m~t~ri~l in post-abomasum digestive
10organs. The present invention is further directed to a method of pr~illg the
rumen by-pass composition.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
15In ~ nl~ such as cattle, sheep and goats a substantial part of
biologically active substances such as proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids and
if directly ~t1mini~tered orally, are degraded by microorg~ni~m~ in the
rumen and therefore not available for use by the 1lllll;l-~ . It has been known
for a number of years to coat feed additives for l.. i~.~.lL~, coll~ini~g
20biologically active subst~nçes, with materials which will protect the biologically
active substances from degradation by the microorg~ni~m~ in the rumen.
Many such coatings have been proposed in the prior art to protect the
biological active substances in the rumen. For example, U.K. Patent
25Application GB 2113521 proposes the use of an edible, water-insoluble fatty
acid salt to protect nutritional materials. C~n~ n Patent Application 2,120,891
is directed to the use of a protective substance selected from hardened vegetable
fats and oils, hardened animal fats and oils, fatty acid esters, and phospholipids
in combination with an enzyme capable of hydrolysing the protective substance.
30Further, C~n~ n Patent 1,214,061 describes aprotective material selected from
straight or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic mono-carboxylic acids
having 14 to 22 carbon atoms, hardened vegetable oils and hardened animal
oils, and chitosan.
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The present invention is directed to an improved rumen by-pass
composition which uses cream and cream-co~ il-g m~t~ri~li as the coating
material. It has been found, according to the present invention, that the rumen
by-pass composition has a higher by-pass value than prior art compositions, thusallowing a higher proportion of the biologically active ingredient to pass
undigested through the rumen and thus be available to the rllmin~nt
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
According to the present invention, there is provided a rumen by-pass
composition. The rumen by-pass composition of the present invention
comprises a biologically active ingredient and a coating material. The coating
m~tçri~l protects the biologically active ingredient from rumen ferment~tion, but
allows the release of the biologically active m~tçri~l in post-abomasum digestive
organs. The coating material of the present invention comprises cream or
cream-co"~ i"g substances, referred to herein as cream-based m~t~ri~l
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a rumen
by-pass composition comprising a biologically active ingredient and a cream-
based coating m~t~ri~l
In one embodiment of the present invention there is provided a rumen
by-pass composition comprising 10.0 to 12.0 parts by weight of a 35 to 40%
bull~lr~l cream and about 1,000 parts by weight of a heat-treated soybean
(flaked soybean) product.
Further, according to the present invention, there is provided a method
of pl~illg a rumen by-pass product compri~ing a biologically active
ingredient and a cream-based coating material, comprising:
spraying approximately 1,000 parts of biologically active ingredient
with a coating composition comprising 0.50 to 12.0 parts of a cream-
based material.
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In emborliment~ wherein the cream-based coating material also
compri~es a carrier fluid, the method of plep~ing a rumen by-pass product
further comprises removal of the carrier fluid once the cream in the cream-basedcoating m~tçri~l has coated the biological material.
This invention also relates to a coating composition comprising 0.50
to 2.0 parts of a cream-based m~hri~l and 40 to 50 parts of a carrier fluid
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The present invention relates to a rumen by-pass composition. The
composition compri~es a biologically active ingredient and a coating m~tçri~l
The coating material of the present invention will coat the biological material
and protect the biological material from rumen ferment~tion.
In the present invention, the biologically active ingredient may be
selected from various known nutrients, feeds and drugs. Mixtures of two or
more biologically active materials can also be used according to the present
invention. Examples of suitable biologically active m~t~ri~l~, which may be
used according to the present invention, include amino acids, amino acid
derivatives, hydroxy homologous compounds of amino acids, proteins,
carbohydrates, vitamins and substances having similar functions, and
veterinarian drugs.
According to the present invention, suitable amino acids can include
amino acids such a lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and Ll~leo~ e.
Suitable amino acid deflvalives include N-acylamino acid, calcium
salts of N-hydroxymethylmethionine and lysine hydrochloride.
Examples of hydroxy homologous compounds of amino acids include
compounds such as 2-hydroxy-4-methylmercaptobutyric and salts thereof.
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Proteins can be selected from any of the following examples: casein,
maize protein, grass meal, lucerne meal, field beans, pea protein, coconut meal,cottonseed, groundnut, lin~eeA, palm kernel, detoxified soybean, defatted
soybean meal, heat-processed flaked soybeans, sunflower seed, rape seed, fish
meal, meat and bone meal, whey powder, distillers by-products, barley, maize,
oats, rye, rice, gluten meal, lotus bean, cannola, feather meal, soly,hu
safflower seed, single cell protein, and yeast.
Examples of suitable carbohydrates include starch, sucrose and
glucose.
Suitable vitamins and substances having similar functions can include
vil~llill A, vitamin A acetate, vitamin A palmitate, vitamin B, thi~mine,
thi~mine hydrochloride, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, calcium
pantothen~te, choline pantothen~te, pyridoxine hydrochloride, choline chloride,
cyanocob~l~min, biotin, folic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, vitamin D2, vil~llin D3and vitamin E.
Examples of veterinarian drugs, which can be used according to the
present invention include drugs such as tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide
and polyether antibiotics, ~nth~lmintics such as Neguvon, helminth~gogues such
as pipel~ille, and hormones such as estrogen, stilbestrol, hexestrol,
lhylol)rotein~ goitrogen and growth hormone.
There is no limitation to the type of biologically substance which can
be used according to the present invention, all of such substances are well
known to persons skilled in the art.
The coating m~te~i~l according to the present invention comprises
cream. The cream can be used as found naturally occurring in raw milk, or can
be skimmed from the top of raw milk, by hand or by using any commercially
available commercial cream sep~dlol. The sel)afdl~d cream can be used
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without further proce~ing or can be diluted in a carrier liquid prior to use. The
exact amount of cream used is preferably as small as possible to achieve a high
rumen by-pass product. The amount of cream can, in most cases, be clet~rmined
empirically, and it is typically preferable to use 0.50 to 12.0 parts by weight of
the cream relative to about 1,000 parts of the biologically active ingredient.
In one example of the present invention, the coating composition
comprises from about 0.75 to about 1.25 parts by weight of cream relative to
about 1,000 parts of the biologically active ingredient.
In another example of the present invention, the coating composition
comprises from about 10 to about 11 parts by weight of crearn relative to about
1,000 parts of the biologically active ingredient.
When the term "cream" is used, it generally refers to cream which has
been ~kimmed from the top of milk which has been allowed to stand at room
temperature until cream separation is complete. The cream can then be
skimmed by hand. Cream can also be obtained from any commercial cream
separator unit. This cream contains approximately 35 to 40% bull~rill A
higher or lower bulle,rdl concentration is also useful. This cream can be used
directly to coat the biological m~t~ri~l
In one embodiment of the present invention the cream is diluted in
a carrier fluid prior to coating the biologically active ingredient. The ratio of
cream to carrier fluid is from about 0.50 to 2.0 parts cream to from about 40 to50 parts carrier fluid. The carrier fluid can be any suitable inert fluid, for
example water or dilute salt solutions. The term "cream" further comprises any
milk product co~ ining cream or bull~rdl. For example, in one embodiment
of the present invention, it is possible to use whole milk in which the cream has
not been sepaldled. The whole milk will provide approximately the same
conce"l~dlion of cream and/or bu~. ri1~, as when isolated cream is used and thendiluted in a carrier fluid. Thus when milk is used further dilution is generally
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not required. Thus, there term "cream-based material" is int~n-1ecl to encompassany coating m~t~ri~l of the present invention which is cream or contains cream.
In one example of the present invention, the coating composition
comprises about 0.75 to about 1.25 parts cream or cream-based material to from
about 40 to 50 parts carrier fluid.
In a further example of the present invention, the coating composition
comprises one part cream to 45 parts of water as a carrier fluid.
In one example of the present invention 1 kg of cream, ~kimmed from
raw milk, diluted in 45 kg of water, is used to coat 1 ton of biologically active
m~t~ri~l
15In the embo-limenti of the present invention where the cream-based
coating composition comprises a cream-based material in a carrier fluid. The
amount of coating composition used to coat the biologically active ingredient
ranges from 4.05 to 5.2 parts per weight of the coating m~t~ri~l to 100 parts ofthe biologically active ingredient. Thus, the rumen by-pass composition of the
20present invention comprises 4.05 to 5.2 parts by weight of the cream-based
coating composition to lO0 parts of the biologically active ingredient. In a
further example of the present invention, the rumen by-pass composition
comprises 4.075 to 5.125 parts by weight of the cream-based coating m~teri~l
to 100 parts of the biologically active ingredient. According to this embodiment25of the present invention the carrier fluid will be driven off usually by
evaporation, and thus, the res.llting rumen by-pass composition will comprise
from about 0.50 to about 2.0 parts of the cream-based m~t~ri~l per 1,000 parts
of the biologically active ingredient.
30In a further embodiment of the present invention, it has been found
that a 35% to 40% bullel~l cream can be used directly without dilution to
provide an even coating of cream over the biologically active ingredient. When
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the biological material is a dry m~tçri~l, it was found that there was enough
fluid in the cream to provide absorbtion onto the biological material to facilitate
the coating of the biological material, without diluting the cream in a fluid
carrier.
There is no specific limitation as to the coating method and coating
may be made through any common method of coating such as fluidized bed
coating, hand coating, melt coating, agitation coating, and spray coating. In one
example of the present invention, where the cream-based coating material is
cream diluted in a carrier fluid, the biologically active ingredient is spray coated
with the cream-based coating material. Following spraying the carrier fluid
portion of the coating composition is allowed to evapoldl~ from the biologicallyactive ingredient to provide a dry product or nearly dry product.
In a further example of the present invention heat-processed flaked
soybeans are the biologically active ingredient. In this example the flakes can
be sprayed with the coating m~tçri~l while the flakes are still warm from the
cooking process. In this example it is ple~ d to use the cream directly,
without any dilution in a carrier fluid. In this example the dry flakes will
readily absorb any moisture in the cream, creating a flaked soybean product
therein the pores of the soybean flake are blocked with the cream, protecting itfrom rumen ferment~tion. In this method it was found that the cream should
be warmer than the flakes. As an example the flakes can be from about 65 to
70C and the cream can be from about 85 to about 90C.
While this invention is described in detail with particular reference to
pre~lled embodiments thereof, said embo~iment~ are offered to illustrate but
not to limit the invention.
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EXAMPLES
Example 1: Cream-Coated Flaked Soybeans, Using Cream Diluted in
a Carrier
Soybeans are cooked to a m~xi",l-", temperature of 295F for
approximately 60 seconds. The soybeans are then transferred into a steel vessel
for 30 mimltes to provide the soybeans with extra time to complete cooking in
their own heat. The soybeans are then rolled to flake. At this stage, the beans
are sprayed with the coating composition. The coating composition comprises
a ~ lwe of 45 kg of water and 1 kg of cream. The cream was obtained from
raw milk by allowing the milk to stand at room lelllpelalw~e until cream
separation was completed. The cream was then ~kimmed from the top of the
milk. The coating composition, as described above, was used for coating 1 ton
of the flaked soybeans. The flaked and coated soybeans are then allowed to
cool. In this cooling period the moisture from the coating composition
evaporates, resulting in a dry, flaked and coated product.
Example 2: Cream-Coated Flaked Soybeans, Using Undiluted Cream
Soybeans are cooked to a m~imllm temperature of 295F for
approximately 60 seconds. The soybeans are then transferred into a steel vessel
for 30 minutes to provide the soybeans with extra time to complete cooking in
their own heat. The soybeans are then rolled to flake. At this stage, the flakedbeans, which are at a tell~.dlwe from about 65 to 70C are sprayed with the
coating composition. In this example the coating composition is cream, which
has been heated to a temperature from about 85 to about 90C. The cream was
obtained from standard commercial sources and was from about 35% to about
40% butterf~t The cream, 10 to 11 kg, was used for coating 1,000 kg of the
flaked soybeans. The dried soybean flakes naturally absorbs the moisture in the
cream forming a coating of cream around the flake, protecting the flake from
rumen f~rment~tion~ once ingested by a l~ The flaked and coated
soybeans are then allowed to cool.
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The present invention has been described with regard to plefelled
embodiments. However, it will be obvious to persons skilled in the art that a
number of variations and modifications can be made without departing from the
scope of the invention as described in the following claims.
