Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WO 95/13788
~ 7 6 4 5 8 pCT/US94/11471
FOAMING AGENT FOR LEAVE-ON FOAMING COSMETIC COMPOSITIONS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a foaming agent comprising an amphoteric
surfactant
and an amine oxide which provides voluminous and stable foaming, and smooth
and mild touch
to leave-on foaming cosmetic compositions. In particular, the present
invention relates to hair
mousse products comprising this foaming agent.
BACKGROUND
Cosmetic compositions such as shaving creams, hair mousses, spray foams,
foaming
lotions and foaming creams are aimed to be dispensed or sprayed as foams and
applied on the
human skin or hair. These products are described in the present invention as
"leave-on foaming
cosmetic products". One common characteristic desired for these leave-on
foaming cosmetic
products is a foam having favorable characteristics to the consumer such as
voluminous and
stable foaming, with smooth and mild touch to the skin and hair.
Leave-on foaming cosmetic compositions for hair are usually referred to as
"mousses",
which term will be used in the present invention. Hair mousses were born in
Europe in the early
1980s. Hair mousses are fundamentally an aerosol foam, however, non-aerosol
foams are also
known. The general appeal of hair mousses can be largely attributed to the
ease of application
and controlled amount of product which are possible from mousse formulations.
Hair mousse
compositions are generally dispensed by a compressible dispenser or a valve
and applied to the
user's hand or a specifically designed comb and spread through the hair.
Alternatively, hair
mousse compositions can be directly applied to the hair by dispensing through
nozzles. Hair
mousses are formulated for the purpose of styling, setting, and arranging, or
for other purposes
such as shampooing, conditioning, treating, dyeing, and combinations thereof.
In recent years, some consumers have expressed a desire to have "alcohol-free"
hair
mousse products because of concerns relating to drying of the hair, or
concerns of volatile
solvents being emitted to the environment. In this context, alcohol refers to
volatile primary
alcohols having about 1 to 6 carbons, particularly ethanol. Alcohol is used in
mousses for a
number of reasons. First, the presence of volatile alcohol can aid styling by
decreasing drying
time. However, it is assumed that this drying has raised the concerns of some
consumers that
alcohol is also drying hair. Second, alcohol aids foam breakage as the mousse
is spread
WO 95/13788 217 6 4 5 g pCT/US94/11471
-2-
throughout the hair. It is known that foam breakage is a result of the ability
of alcohol to act as a
defoaming agent. Third, alcohol itself improves product preservation. Fourtn,
aiconoi ennances
the compatibility of the concentrate with the propellant, and acts as a
solubility bridge between the
resin and the water base. Fifth, alcohol is a good solvent for dissolving oil
base ingredients such
as conditioning fatty alcohols. Consequently, elimination of alcohol from the
formulation may
affect product performance. Thus, there is a desire to provide a foaming agent
which can be
used in hair mousse compositions with or without alcohol.
The species and level of preservatives are also known to affect product
performance.
Preservatives such as DMDM Hydantoin (dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin) and
Kathon CG (mixture
of methylchloro-isothiazolinone and methyl isothiazolinone) are known as
effective preservatives
at low levels, however, are not approved for use in leave-on cosmetic products
in a number of
countries. Phenoxyethanol and EDTA are widely accepted for use, however, are
not satisfactorily
effective at low levels. Parabens such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben,
butyl paraben, and
LiquaPar oil (mixture of isobutyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, and butyl
paraben) are also widely
accepted for use. However, because parabens are lipophilic, they cannot
dissolve in water, and
thus have some formulation constraints. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben are
difficult to
formulate at high levels, for they are solid at room temperature. Thus, there
is also a desire to
provide a foaming agent which can be used in hair mousse compositions in
combination with a
wide range of preservatives.
The type of propellants are also known to affect product performance. It is
known that
fluorohydrocarbons such as difluoroethane 152a (supplied by DuPont) can be
used for a wide
range of formulations. Propane and dimethyl ether can also be used for a wide
range of
formulations. However, propane is relatively combustible. Dimethyl ether when
used at nign
levels can be corrosive. LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) is a mixture of mainly
iso-butane, n-
butane, and propane, and is available in different pressure grades. LPG is a
relatively safe
propellant, however, have some formulation constraints. Thus, there is also a
desire to provide a
foaming agent which can be used in hair mousse compositions in combination
with a wide range
of propellants.
Evaluatton of product performance for hair mousse compositions vary depending
on the
purpose and concept of the product. In evaluating the performance of a hair
mousse, one
generally considers properties seen in three major stages; the properties of
the foam upon
dispensing from the package, the properties of the foam upon applying to the
hair, and properties
of the end results to the hair. Properties considered upon dispensing include
volume of foam and
foam expansion speed. It is known that when foam expansion is slow or delayed,
"pooling" of the
product occurs. Properties considered upon applying to the hair include
stability and breakability
-3- 2176458
of the foam, non-soapiness, smoothness, softness, creaminess, and
stickiness. Properties considered on the end results to the hair include
style control, dry or wet feel of hair, washability, shine, moisturizing,
conditioning, anti-static, and brushing.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a
foaming agent which foams by being dispensed or sprayed, and provides
voluminous and stable foaming, smooth and mild touch, and
styling/conditioning effect to leave-on foaming cosmetic compositions.
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a hair
mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which can be
formulated in combination with a wide range of solvents, preservatives,
and propellants.
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a hair
mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which provides
quick, voluminous foam expansion and reduced pooling upon dispensing.
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a hair
mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which provides a
foam having appropriate foam breakdown under shear and is easy to
spread on hair, has a smooth, soft and creamy texture, and has a mild
touch.
It is an object of an aspect of the present invention to provide a hair
mousse composition comprising said foaming agent which provides good
style control, conditioning effect, and good feel to the hair.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a foaming agent comprising an
k
CA 02176458 1999-09-02
-3a-
amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide which foams by being dispensed or
sprayed, and provides improved foaming characteristics to leave-on foaming
cosmetic
compositions.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foaming agent is
comprised in a hair mousse composition further comprising a solvent and a
propellant. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the
foaming agent comprises amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide at a weight
ratio
of 50:50 to 20:80 and further comprises a polymer, a solvent, a preservative,
and a
propellant.
1o Another aspect of this invention is as follows:
A foaming agent for leave-on foaming cosmetic composition which foams by
being dispensed or sprayed, comprising:
( 1 ) an amphoteric surfactant selected from the group consisting of general
formula
(I):
R2
Rl[CONH(CH2)n]xN(+) CH2(R4)mZl(_) ________ (I)
R3
2o wherein RI is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydroxyalkyl radical of from
about 8
to about 22 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with up to about 10 ethylene
oxide moieties and/or 1 glyceryl moiety, R2 and R3 are individually selected
from alkyl and monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3
carbon atoms, R4 is alkylene, or hydroxyalkylene of from about 1 to about 4
carbon atoms, Z1 is a radical selected from carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate,
phosphate, or phosphonate, x is 0 or l, n is from about 1 to about 6, and m is
0
or 1;
general formula (II):
R'
RSCON(CH2)yN(+)-CH2Z2(-) ________ (II)
t
Rs ~ R6
- . CA 02176458 1999-09-02
-3b-
wherein RS is C8-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydroxyalkyl, R6 is hydrogen or
CH2C02M1, R' is CH2CH20H or CH2CH20CH2CH2COOM1, R8 is hydrogen,
CH2CH20H, or CH2CH20CH2CH2COOM1, Z2 is C02M1 or CH2C02M1, y is 2
or 3, M1 is hydrogen or a cation, such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal,
ammonium, alkanol ammonium, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, or phosphonate;
general formula (III):
R9-NH(CH2)aCOOM2 -------- (III)
wherein a is a number from 1 to 4, R9 is C8-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl,
hydroxyalkyl or alkylamidoalkyls, and M2 is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline
l0 earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium;
general formula (IV):
R9-N[(CH2)aCOOM2] 2 ________ (IV)
wherein a is a number from 1 to 4, R9 is C8-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl,
hydroxyalkyl or alkylamidoalkyls, and M2 is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline
earth metal, ammonium or alkanolammonium;
and mixtures thereof; and
(2) an amine oxide selected from the group consisting of general formula (V):
Rio
2o R" ----1V(+~---- ~(_) ________ (V)
CH3
wherein Rl° is methyl, ethyl, or hydroxyethyl, and Rl I is Cg-C22
alkyl, alkenyl,
or aryl, or CH3(CH2)pCONH(CH2)q wherein p is 8-22 and q is 1-6:
and mixtures thereof.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
All percentages and ratios are based on weight unless otherwise specified.
3o The total of components except for propellant is defined as a concentrate.
For non
aerosol products containing no propellant, the concentrate is equal to the
entire
composition.
-4- 2176458
FOAMING AGENT
The foaming agent of the present invention comprises an amphoteric surfactant
and an
amine oxide. When comprised in hair mousses such as hair mousses, the foaming
agent is
preferably comprised at a level of 0.1.20%, more preferably 0.1-10%, most
preferably 0.1.5°h to
the concentrate.
When comprised in hair mousses, the foaming agent of the present invention
preferably
comprises an amphoteric surfactant and an amine oxide at a ratio of 80:20 to
5:95. more
preferably 50:50 to 20:80.
Amohoteric Surfactant
Amphoteric surtactants useful in the present invention are those having the
following
general formulae (I) (II), (III) and (I~ and mixtures thereof:
R2
R1 [CONH(CH~nIxN(')- CH2(R4)mZ1 (-) -(I)
R3
wherein R1 is an alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydroxyalkyl radical of from about 8
to about 22 carbon
atoms, optionally intenvpted with up to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties
and/or 1 glyceryl moiety,
R2 and R3 are individually selected from alkyl and monohydroxyalkyl groups
containing from
about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms, R4 is alkylene, or hydroxyalkylene of from
about 1 to about 4
carbon atoms, Z1 is a radical selected from carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate,
phosphate, or
phosphonate, x is 0 or 1, n is from about 1 to about 6, and m is 0 or 1.
Preferably,. R1 is an alkyl,
alkenyl, or hydroxyalkyl radical of from 11 to 17 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are
individually
selected from alkyl groups containing of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R4 is
alkylene or
hydroxyalkytene of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms, Z1 is a radical selected from
carboxylate, sulfonate,
xis0orl,nislto3,andmis0orl.
A
W O 95.13', 88
2176458
R~
R CON(CH2)y N(+)-CH2Z2(-) -(II)
5 R8 R6
wherein RS is C8-C22 alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or hydroxyalkyl, preferably C8-C22,
R6 is hydrogen or
CH2C02M1, R~ is CH2CH20H or CH2CH20CH2CH2COOM1, R8 is hydrogen, CH2CH20H, or
CH2CH20CH2CH2COOM1, 22 is C02M1 or CH2C02M1, y is 2 or 3, preferably 2, Mt is
hydrogen or a ration, such as alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, ammonium,
alkanol ammonium,
sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
R9-NH(CHpJaCOOM2 -(III)
R9~N[(CHvaCOOM2]2 -(l
wherein a is a number from 1 to 4, R9 is C8-C~ alkyl, alkenyt, aryl,
hydroxyalkyl or
alkytamidoalkyls, and M2 is hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal,
ammonium or
alkanolammonium.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants useful for hair mousse compositions having
general
formula (I) are amide betaines, amide sulfo betaines, alkyl betaines, alkenyl
betaines, sultaines
(sulfo betaines), and imidazolinium betaines. Examples of amphoteric
surfactants particularly
useful far hair mousse compositions are high alkyl betaines, such as coco
dimethyl carboxymethyl
betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine under the trade name of TEGO BETAINE, corn
betaine, lauryl
betaine under the trade name REWOTERIC AM DML-35, lauryl amidopropyl betaine,
oleyl.
betaine, lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-
carboxyethyl betaine, cetyl
dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis~(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl
betaine, stearyl bis-(2-
hydroxypropyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl
betaine, lauryl bis-
(2-hydroxypropyl) alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
(sulfobetaine),
lauryl suttaine (lauryl sulfobetaine), and cocamidopropryl hydroxy sultaine
under the trade name
REWOTERIC AM CAS.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants useful for hair mousse compositions having
general
formula (II) are martceted under the trade name MIRANOL and are understood to
comprise a
complex mixture of species, and can exist in protonated and non-protonated
species depending
upon pH with respell to species that can have a hydrogen at R8. The
imidazolinium amphoteric
surfactant hereof can be derived via an imidazolinium intem~ediate.
Preferred amphoteric surfactants of formula (II) are monocarboxylates and
dicarboxylates. Examples of these materials include
cocoamphocarboxypropionate,
.A~
- 21 7 fi458
cocoamphocarboxypropionic acid, cocoamphc-arboxyglycinate (alternately
referred to as
cocoamphodiacetate), and cocoamphoacetate.
Specific commercial products providing the imidaZOlinium derivative component
of the
present compositions include those-sold under the trade names MIRANOL C2M
CONC. N.P.,
MIRANOL C2M CONC. O.P., MIRANOL C2M SF, MIRANOL CM SPECIAL (Miranol, Inc.);
ALKATERIC 2CIP (Alkaril Chemicals); cocoamphocarboxy propionate under the
trade name
NIKKOL AM-101, AMPHOTERGE W-2 (Lonza. Inc.); MONATERIC CDX-38, MONATERIC CSH-
32 (Mona Industries); REWOTERIC AM-2C (Rewo Chemical Group); and SCHEROTERIC
MS-2
(Scher Chemicals).
Examples of amphoteric surfactants useful for hair mousse compositions having
general
formulae (III) and (IV) include n-alkylaminopropionates and n-
alkyliminodipropionates. Such
materials are sold under the trade name DERIPHAT by Henkel and MIRATAINE by
Miranol, Inc.
Specific examples inGude N-lauryl-beta-amino propionic acid or salts thereof,
and N-lauryl-beta-
imino-dipropionic acid or salts thereof.
Amine Oxide
Amine oxides useful in the present invention are those having the following
general
formula M, tertiary phosphine oxides, dialkyl sulfoxides, and mixtures
thereof:
R10
l
R11 N(+~(-) -M
CHg
wherein R10 is methyl, ethyl, or hydroxyethyl, and R11 is C8-C~ alkyl,
alkenyl, or aryl, or
CH3(CH~pCONH(CHvq wherein p is 8~22 and q is 1~6. Preferably, R10 is methyl,
R11 is Clp.
1 g alkyl, alkenyl, p is 11-17, and q is 1-3.
Examples of amine oxides particularly useful for hair mousse compositions are
lauramine
oxide under the trade name AMMONYX LO, and stearamidopropylamine oxide under
the trade
name VAROX 1770.
A~
WO 95/13788 -- ' 2 l 7 b 4 5 g PCT/US94/11471
_7_
SOLVENT
Solvents used in the present invention are selected depending on variables
such as the
remainder components, viscosity, and desired foaming characteristic of the
composition.
When comprised in hair mousses, the solvent is preferably comprised at a level
of 60-
99%, more preferably 80-99%, most preferably 85-98% of the concentrate.
Non-limiting examples of solvents useful in the present invention are: water,
lower
alcohols having 1 to 6 carbons such as ethanol and isopropanol, and polyhydric
alcohols such as
propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, and propane diol, and mixtures
thereof.
PROPELLANT
Propellants when used in the present invention are selected depending on
variables such
as the remainder components, the package, and how the product is designed to
be used (standing
or invert).
When comprised in hair mousses, the propellant is preferably comprised at a
level of 0-
60%, more preferably 0-30% of the entire composition. When no propellant is
used, the hair
. mousse composition is usually provided in a package equipped with an air or
gas mixing device.
Non-limiting examples of propellants useful in the present invention are:
fluorohydrocarbons such as difluoroethane 152a (supplied by DuPont), dimethyl
ether, and
hydrocarbons such as propane, iso-butane, n-butane, and mixtures of
hydrocarbons such as LPG
(liquefied petroleum gas).
OPTIONAL COMPONENTS
Optional components can be included in the leave-on foaming cosmetic
compositions of
the present invention, depending on the needs of the product. Non-limiting
examples of such
optional components include additional surfactants, ultraviolet and infrared
screening and
absorbing agents, hair conditioning agents, skin conditioning agents, perfume,
color, pH adjusters,
polymers, dyes, vitamins, proteins, plant extracts, and nutrients.
Hair mousse compositions can comprise a polymer and a preservative, and can
further
comprise other optional components.
Polymer
Hair mousse compositions may further comprise a polymer. Such polymer comprise
cationic, nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric polymers. Polymer is typically
included at a level of 0-
15%, preferably 0-10% of the concentrate.
Polymers suitable for use herein include any polymer soluble or colloidally
dispersible in
the aqueous phase (if water is the only solvent in the aqueous phase, the
polymer should be
soluble or dispersible in water; if an optional cosolvent such as ethanol is
present the polymer
should be soluble or dispersible in the combined solvent system).
Solubility/dispersibility is
WO 95/13788
21 l b 4 ~ 8 pCT~S94111471
_g_
determined at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure (25°C at
1At). Polymers for use in
the compositions of the present invention include cationic, anionic, nonionic,
and amphoteric
resins.
Non-limiting examples of cationic polymers useful in the present invention
include
quatemized cellulose ethers such as Polyquaternium 10 (hydroxyethylcellulose
hydroxypropyl
trimethylammonium chloride ether) under the trade name Ucare Polymer LR and
Polyquatemium
4 (hydroxyethylcellulose dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride copolymer) under
the trade name
Celquat, quatemized vinyl pyrrolidone/alkylaminoacrylate or methacrylate
copolymers such as
Polyquatemium 11 (polyvinylpyrrolidone N,N'-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylic acid
copolymer
diethyl sulfate salt) under the trade name Gafquat, methylvinylimidazolium
vinylpyrrolidone
quaternary ammonium copolymers commercially available under the trade name
Luviquat,
vinylmethyl ether ethyl maleate copolymer (PVM/MA copolymer), PVP/VA copolymer
under the
trade name Luviskol, polyvinyl alcohol, copolymers of polyvinylalcohol and
crotonic acid,
copolymers of polyvinylalcohol and malefic anhydride, hydroxypropyl cellulose,
hydroxypropyl
guar gum, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone ethylmethacrylate
methacrylic acid
terpolymer, octylacrylamide acrylate butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymers,
N-methacryloyl
ethyl-N,N'-dimethyl ammonium gamma-N-methyl carboxy betaine butyl methacrylate
copolymer
under the trade name Yukaformer AM-75, and mixtures thereof.
Other examples of cationic polymers are cationic guar gums, for example,
hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium guar gum, quatemized cellulose ethers such as
copolymers of
hydroxyethylcellulose with diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride or with trimethyl
ammonium
substituted epoxides, homopolymers of lower alkylamino alkyl acrylate or
methacrylate monomers
(e.g. dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate) and copolymers thereof with compatible
monomers such
as N-vinylpyrrolidone or with methacrylate derivatives such as methyl, ethyl,
abietyl and oleyl
methacrylates and mixtures thereof and/or with alkyl acrylates such as methyl
and butyl acrylates
and mixtures thereof, copolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride and
acrylamide,
homopolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, vinylimidazolium/vinyl
pyrrolidone
copolymers, and mixtures thereof.
Polycat(onic hair conditioning polymers can be derived from polymerizable
cationic
starting monomers, or from polymerizable nonionic monomers which are modified
subsequent to
polymerization to be of cationic character.
Examples of the cationic monomers include:
(i) monomers derived from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, which is referred
to hereinafter
collectively as (meth)acrylic acid, and a quatemized epihalohydrin product of
a trialkyl
amine having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl group such as
2176458
WO 95/13788 v PCT/US94/11471
_g_
(methy)acryloxypropyltrimethylammonium choride and
(meth)acryloxypropyltriethylammonium bromide;
(ii) amine derivatives of (meth)acrylic acid or amine derivatives of
(meth)acrylamide derived
from (meth)acrylic acid or (meth)acrylamide and a dialkylalkanolamine have C1-
C4 alkyl
groups such as dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl
(meth)acrylate,
dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, or dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide;
and
(iii) derivatives of the products of the group (ii) above by (1)
neutralization with an inorganic or
organic acid, such as hydrochloric acid, or lactic acid, (2) modification with
a halogenated
alkyl, such as methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, methyl bromide, or ethyl
iodide, (3)
modification with a halogenated fatty acid ester such as ethyl
monochloroacetate, or
methyl monochloropropionate, and (4) modification with a dialkyl sulfate such
as dimethyl
sulfate, or diethyl sulfate.
Furthermore, the cationic unsaturated monomers include amine derivatives of
allyl
compounds such as diallyldimethylammonium chloride and the like as well as
vinylimidazolium
quaternary ammonium monomers.
These cationic unsaturated monomers can be polymerized in cationic form, or as
an
alternative they can be polymerized in the form of their precursors, which are
then modified to be
cationic, for example, by a quatemizing agent (eg. ethyl monochloroacetate,
dimethyl sulfate,
etc.)
Non-limiting examples of nonionic monomers are acrylic or methacrylic acid
esters of C1-
C24 alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-
methyl-1-propanol,
1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 1-methyl-1-butanol, 3-
methyl-1-butanol,
1-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 3-methyl-1-pentanol, t-butanol,
cyclohexanol, 2-ethyl-
1-butanol, 3-heptanol, benzyl alcohol, 2-octanol, 6-methyl-1-heptanol, 2-ethyl-
1-hexanol, 3,5-
dimethyl-1-hexanol, 3,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexanol, 1-decanol, 1-dodecanol, 1-
hexadecanol, 1-
octadecanol, and the like, the alcohols having from about 1-24 carbon atoms;
styrene;
chlorostyrene; vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate; vinyl chloride; vinylidene
chloride; acrylonitrile;
alpha-methylstyrene; t-butylstyrene; butadiene; cyclohexadiene; ethylene;
propylene; vinyl
toluene; alkoxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, such as methoxy ethyl (meth)acrylate and
butoxyethyl
(meth)acrylate; and mixtures thereof. Other nonionic monomers include acrylate
and
methacrylate derivatives such as allyl acrylate and methacrylate, cyclohexyl
acrylate and
methacrylate, oleyl acrylate and methacrylate, benzyl acrylate and
methacrylate,
tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate and methacrylate, ethylene glycol di-acrylate and -
methacrylate, 1,3-
butyleneglycol d-acrylate and -methacrylate, diacetonacrylamide, isobomyl
(meth)acrylate, and
the like.
WO 95/13788
PCT/US94/11471
-10-
Non-limiting examples of polar nonionic monomers include acrylamide, N,N-
dimethylacrylamide, methacrylamide, N-t-butyl acrylamide, methacrylonitrile,
acrylamide, acrylate
alcohols (eg.C2-Cg acrylate alcohols such as hydroxyethyl acrylate,
hydroxyproxyl acrylate),
hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, vinyl pyrrolidone,
vinyl ethers, such as
methyl vinyl ether, acyl lactones and vinyl pyridine, allyl alcohols, vinyl
alcohols and vinyl
caprolactam.
Non-limiting examples of polycationic polymers include cationic
polysaccharides,
homopolymers of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, copolymers of
dimethyldiallyl ammonium
chloride and acrylamide, cationic amino-functional homopolymers and copolymers
derived from
acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid, especially from alkylaminoalkyl acrylate
and methacrylate
monomers such as dimethylaminoethyl acrylate and methacrylate, polyalkylene
imines and
ethoxy polyalkylene imines, vinylimidazolium/vinylpyrrolidone quaternary
ammonium copolymers,
and mixtures thereof.
Preservative
Hair mousse compositions can further comprise a preservative. Such
preservative is
preferably included at a level of 0-5°~, more preferably 0-3% of the
concentrate.
Non-limiting examples of preservatives useful in the present invention are
DMDM
Hydantoin (dimethylol dimethyl hydantoin) Kathon CG, (mixture of methylchloro-
isothiazolinone
and methyl isothiazolinone), imidazolidinyl urea, phenoxyethanol, EDTA and its
salts, benzyl
alcohol, and parabens such as methyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben,
and LiquaPar oil
(mixture of isobutyl paraben, isopropyl paraben, and butyl paraben).
Other Optional Components
Hair mousse compositions can further comprise additional surfactants. Such
additional
surfactants comprise nonionic, cationic, anionic, and other amphoteric
surfactants which do not
affect the foaming agent of the present invention. Non-limiting examples of
such additional
surfactants include sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate, sodium cocoyl
isethionate (sodium
cocoyl ethyl ester sulfonate), isosteareth 10, and Geropon TC-42 (Na-N-Cocoyl
N-Methyl Taurate)
lauric acid dimethanolamide. Additional surfactant is typically included at a
level of less than
50%, preferably less than 33% of the foaming agent.
Hair mousse compositions may further comprise a variety of optional
components. Such
optional components include; thickeners and viscosity modifiers such as
diethanolamides of long
chain fatty acids, sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate, hair conditioning
agents such as cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and panthenol, ultraviolet absorbing
agents such as octyl
salicylate, pH adjusting agents such as citric acid, succinic acid, sodium
hydroxide and
WO 95/13788
2 i 7 6 4 5 8 pCT~S94/11471
_11_
triethanolamine, coloring agents, hair oxidizing agents such as hydrogen
peroxide, perborate salts
and persulfate salts, hair reducing agents such as thioglycolates, pertumes,
perfume solubilizing
agents such as polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters, sequestering agents,
polymer plasticizing
agents such as glycerin and propylene glycol, and volatile and non-volatile
silicone fluids. Such
optional ingredients are typically included at a level of 0.01-20%, preferably
from 0.1-10% of the
concentrate.
WO 95/13788 . ~ ~ l 6 4 5 8 PCT/US94/11471
_12_
EXAMPLES
The following examples illustrate the compositions of the present invention,
but are not
intended to be limiting thereof. All percentages and ratios are based on
weight unless otherwise
specified.
TABLE 1
COMPONENT AMOUNT
(%)
EXAMPLE
NO.
1 2 3 4
Concentrate 94.0 90.0 75.0 95.0
Propellant L.P.G. 6.0 10.0 25.0 5.0
Total of Composition 100 100 100 100
COMPONENTS IN CONCENTRATE
Cocamidopropyl Betaine'' 0.10 0.10
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine'~ 0.05 0.30
Lauryl Betaine'~ 0.05
Cocoamphocarboxypropionate' 0.20
Lauramine Oxide'S 0.20 0.40 0.10 0.20
Cocamidopropylamine Oxide's 0.30
Sodium lauroyl methylaminopropionate 0.10
8
Isosteareth 10'' 0.05
Lauramide DEA'" 0.15
Polyquatemium 4 2.50 3.00 1.00
Polyquatemium 7 0.50
Polyquatemium 11 1.00 1.00 2.00
Ethyl ether of PVM/MA copolymer 6.00
Ethanol 15.00
Methyl Paraben 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.20
Propyl Paraben 0.15 0.10
Phenoxyethanol 0.25 0.30 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.10 0.10 0.10
Dimethicone Copolyol 0.20
Perfume 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05
Propylene Glycol 0.10 0.10 0.50
DI Water q.s. q.s. q.s. q.s.
Total of Concentrate 100 100 100 100
WO 95/13788
217 6 4 5 8 PCT/US94/11471
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TABLE 2
COMPONENT AMOUNT(%)
EXAMPLE
NO.
5 6 7
Concentrate 93.0 93.0 72.5
Propellant L.P.G. 7.0 7.0 27.5
Total of Composition 100 100 100
COMPONENTSIN CONCENTRATE
Cocamidopropyl Betaine'' 0.30
Lauryl Betaine'~ 0.10
Cocoamphocarboxypropionate'4 0.10
Lauramine Oxide'S 0.20
Cocamidopropylamine Oxide's 0.20 0.30 0.40
Sodium Cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate'~0.15
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate'~ 0.05 0.05
Isosteareth 10''~ 0.10
Lauramide DEA'" 0.05
Polyquatemium 7 2.00
Polyquatemium 10 0.50 1.00
Polyquatemium 11 2.25
PVP/VA Copolymer 1.00 1.00
Ethyl ether of PVM/MA copolymer 0.75 2.00
Ethanol 5.00 3.00
Methyl Paraben 0.20 0.20 0.15
Propyl Paraben 0.10 0.10
Phenoxyethanol 0.50 0.50 0.25
Disodium EDTA 0.10 0.10 0.10
Dimethicone Copolyol 1.00
Perfume 0.07 0.075 0.05
Propylene Glycol 0.50 1.75
DI Water q.s. q.s. q.s.
Total of Concentrate 100 100 100
~1764~8
WO 95/13788 PCT/US94/11471
-14-
'1 Active of TEGO BETAINE S (30% solution).
'2 Active of REWOTERIC AM CAS (50% solution).
'3 Active of REWOTERIC AM DML-35 (35% solution).
'4 Active of NIKKOL AM-101 (40% solution).
'S Active of AMMONYX LO (30% solution).
'6 Active of VAROX 1770 (35% solution).
'7 Active of MIRANOL CS CONC. (45% solution).
'8 Active of ALANON ALE (30% solution).
*9 Active of DIAPON CI-R (90% solution).
'10 Active of AROSURF 66 E10 (100% solution).
'11 Active of STANDAMID LDS-RV (30% solution).
The components shown in Tables 1 and 2 can be prepared by any conventional
method well
known in the art. A suitable method is as follows:
Propyleneglycol, dimethicone copolyol, preservatives, polymers, and foaming
agent are added
into distilled water under agitation at room temperature until homogenized.
The obtained mixture
is heated up to 70-75°C. Other optional components are added to the
heated mixture, and
agitated until homogenized. The obtained mixture is allowed to cool to 30-
40°C, and perfume
and and other heat sensitive components such as sodium cocyl isethionate are
added. The
obtained concentrate is packed into cans with propellant.
