Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WO 96100550 1 .,-l/U~,_. I I /4
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ABSORBENT ARTICLE HAVING A
BRAIDED WICKING STRUCTURE
FELD QF TE~ TION
The present invention relates to absorbent articles, especially catamenial
articles such as sanitary napkins. More particularly, this invention is directed to a
sanitary napkin having a braided wicking structure.
BACKGRQVND OF T~F INvF~TloN
A wide variety of types of structures for disposable absorbent articles used to
collect body fluids are known in the art. Commercial absorbent articles include
diapers, adult i ' products, catamenials and bandages. Disposable products
of this type comprise .,c,.,.~ for receiving, absorbing and retaining fuids.Typicaily, such articles include a iiquid permeable topsheet~ an absorbent core and a
Gquid i...~ lU~C~ e backsheet.
One of the main objectives in developing absorbent articles is to utiiize the
entire capacity of the absorbent article. In general, products of the type described
above typically distribute iiquids deposited on the topsheet in a circular pattern.
Since such structures generally have a length that exceeds their width, this results in
liquids reaching the i~ngihld;~ side edges ofthe absorbent article before the end
regions of the absorbent article are fully utiiized. When iiquids reach the !-~nginl~in~l
side edges of the~absorbent article, this increases the chance for ieakage from the
sides of the product, despite available absorbent capacity in the end regions of the
absorbent article.
In the past, a number of efforts have been made to direct the f ow of exudates
in an attempt to utiiize more of the absorbent capacity of an absorbent article. A
number of these efforts have used absorbent means or d~ ,a~ l of absorbent
means. Some of such efforts are described in U.S. Patent 4,678,453 issued July
7,1987 to Holtman and U.S. Patent 4,624,666 issued November 25, 1986 to
DeRossett, et ai. Absorbent articles which use absorbent means to direct exudate'dow, however, are typically subject to the disadvantage that the absorbent means will
tend to become saturated which interferes with its liquid directing capabilities.
.
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2 2~ 92444
The better distribution and utilization of the capacity for absorption of mensesand other bodily exudates in thin sanitary napkins having capacities great enough to
handle medium to hjgh menstrual flows is disclosed in U.S. Patents 4,950,264 and5,009,653, issued to Osbom, on August 21, 1990 and April 23, 1991, respectively.The distribution of exudates in the sanitary napkins described in these references is
achieved at least in part by using a "wipe acquisition sheet" that distributes the
exudates more evenly over an underlying absorbent core.
Still other sanitary napkins have been developed which use fibers having intra-
fiber capillary channels, particularly on their exterior surfaces for lldll~ illg liquids.
Examples of such sanitary napkins are disclosed in PCT Intemational Publication
Nos. WO 93/01779 to WO 93/01733 and WO 93/02251, all of which l ' '
are ;II~.UI~)~/ldLel;l by reference herein. Several of these I ' ' disclose sanitary
napkins that use capillary channel fibers that may be arranged in the fomm of a tufted
bundle (or "bun"). The sanitary napkins described in these ;"l~"--u.", l patent
~: ' ' work quite well. However, capillary channel fibers can be quite
expensive for use in disposable absorbent articles. Therefore, the search for
altemative sanitary napkins has continued.
Still other types of absorbent structures are known in the art. For example,
U.S. Patent 4,361,151 issued to Fitzgerald discloses a tampon fommed from braided
slivers of absorbent material. The braided structure in the Fitzgerald tampon ishydrophilic and serves as the primary absorbent component of the tampon. The
Fitzgerald patent, however, does not disclose a sanitary napkin or a structure for
improving the utiliza6On of the entire capacity of a sanitary napkin.
Thus, a need exists for a sanitary napkin having an altemative type of liquid
distribution mechanism for directing liquids to better utilize the entire capacity of the
sanitary napkin, and particularly to one that does not use an absorbent mechanism for
liquid ~ictrihlltil~n
It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide disposable
absorbent articles that have an improved mechanism for distributing the exudatesthroughout the absorbent core of the article.
It is another object of the present invention to provide absorbent articles that
WO 96/00550 PCI~/US95107774
~ ~' 3 2~92444
have a mechanism for distributing body exudates that will not become saturated and
interfere with its liquid distribution capability
It is another object of the present invention to provide absorbent articles
having the above ~,L4.d~ L;.,~ which are easily and inexpensively ulal~ .Lul~d.
These and other objects of the present invention will be more readily apparent
when considered in reference to the following description and when taken in
conjunction with the acculll~ 6 drawings.
SUMMARY OF THE iNVENTlON
The present invention provides an absorbent articie, such as a sanitary napkin
having a braided wicking structure.
The sanitary napkin has a body side~ a garment side, a ll~ngitll~;in~l centeriine.
and a transverse centeriine. The sanitary napkin comprises a liquid pervious
topsheet, a iiquid impervious backsheet joined to the topsheet, an absorbent core, and
at least one braided wicking structure positioned between the topsheet and
backsheet. The braided wicking structure is preferably s ' 'hl non-absorbent
(i.e., it does not absorb and I ~, retain liquids) and transports liquids along
its length and empties such liquids into the absorbent core.
DESCi~IPTION OF TI~F D~AWiNGS
While the ;~ concludes with claims particularly pointing out and
distinctly claiming the subject matter which is regarded as forming the present
invention, it is believed that the invention will be better understood from the
following description which is taken in conjunction with the ~~ , .rhl~5 drawings
in which
Figure I is a plan view (partially cut away) of a preferred sanitary napkin
according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a cross section of the sanitary napkin shown in Figure I taken alongline 2-2.
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21 9244~
Figure 3 is a cross section taken from an angie similar to that of Figure '
showing a sanitary napkin having braided wichng structures in an alternative
Figure 4 is a perspective view of a portion of a ~u.. . ~ io..~l braided structure.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a portion of a flat braided structure.
Figure 6 is a~ cross-sectional view of a braided wicking structure having a
"Figure 8" cross-sectional Cullfl~;.lld~iUll.
DETAILED D~SCR~PTION OF TE~ INVENTION
I . General CL~ c~ ia~il,a of thP Absorbent Artirlp
A preferred ~ L ' of the disposable absorbent article of the present
invention is the sanitary napkin 20, shown in Figures I and 2. It should be
understood that the present invention is not limited to sanitary napkins having the
specrfic ~ u, ,1~,", ,.n. ,"~ shown in the drawings. The present invention is also
applicable to other feminine hygiene or catamenial pads such as pantiiiners, or other
absorbent articles such as diapers, i pads, and the iike.
The sanitary napkin 20 shown in Figures I and 2 has two surfaces, a body-
contacting surface or "body surface" 20A and a garment surface 20B. The sanitarynapkin 20 is shown in Figure I as viewed from its body surface 20A. The body
surface 20A is intended to be wom adjacent to the body of the wearer while the
garment surface 20B (shown in Fig. 2) is on the oppûsite side and is intended to be
placed adjacent to the wearer's und~,. ~ lll ....,...~ when the sanitary napkin 20 is worn.
The sanitary napkin 20 has two centerlines, a longitudinal centerline, L, and a
transverse centeriine, T. The term "I _ ' "', as used herein, refers to a line, axis
or direction in the plane of the sanitary napkin 20 that is generally aligned with (e.g.,
u~ t~,'y paraliel to) a verticai plane which bisects a standing wearer into lefland right body halves when the sanitary napkin 20 is worn. The terms "transverse"
or "laterai" as used herein, are .,I.a..t;c~ , and refer to a line, axis or direction
which lies within the plane of the sanitary napkin 20 that is generally p.,.~.~..d;~"lh.. to
W0 96/00550 r ~ / / 14
.
the longitudinal direction. 2 t 9 2 4 4 ~
Figure I also shows that the sanitary napkin 20 has a periphery 26 which is
defined by the outer edges of the sanitary napkin 20 in which the longitudinal edges
(or "side edges") are designated 22 and the end edges (or ''ends") are designated 24.
The sanitary napkin has two end regions, which are designated first end region 28
amd second end region 30. A central region 32 is disposed between the end regions
28 and 30. The end regions 28 and 30 extend outwardly from the edges of the
central region 32 about 1/8 to about 1/3 of the length of the sanitary napkin. Adetailed description of the centrai region 32 amd the two end regions 28 and 30 is
contained in U.S. Patent 4,690,680 issued to E~iggins on September 1, 1987.
The sanitary napkin 20 preferably comprises a liquid pervious topsheet 38, a
liquid impervious backsheet 40 joined to the topsheet 38, an absorbent core 42
positioned between the topsheet 38 and the backsheet 40. and one or more braidedwicking structures 44. The sanitary napkin 20 can also be provided with one or more
additional layers or ~..~ ~1...--- ..1~ These may include a wicking layer or secondary
topsheet. The wicking layer or secondary topsheet can be either an integral part of
the topsheet or a separate component positioned between the topsheet and absorbent
core. The sanitary napkin 20 may also include at least one panty fastener, such as
panty fastening adhesive strips 50 (shown in Figs. 2 and 3). An optional releasepaper 52 may cover the adhesive strips 50. The release paper 52 keeps the adhesives
50 from sticking to surfaces other than the crotch portion of the I ' L, prior
to use of the sanitary napkin 20. These individual .. "1'~ ~ of the sanitary napkin
will now be looked at in greater detail.
2. The Indivi~ Cl of the C l'r ~ '
A. The Topsheet.
The topsheet 38, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, is the component which is
intended to be oriented towards and contact the body of the wearer. and to initially
receive bodily discharges.
The topsheet 38 is liquid pervious and should be fle~cible and non-irritating tothe skin. As used herein the term "flexible" refers to materials which are compliant
and readily conform to the shape of the body or respond by easily deforming in the
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2 1 9244
presence of external forces. The topsheet 38 should e~chibit good allihelLIuu~h and
low rewet ~L.Ila~,leliall-a, perrnitting bodily discharges to rapidly penetrate the
thickness of the topsheet 38 and move into the absorbent core 42, but not flow back
through the topsheet 38 to the skin of the wearer. Preferably, the topsheet 38 is not
noisy, to provide discretion for the wearer. The topsheet 38 should be sanitary, clean
in appearance and somewhat opaque to hide bodily discharges collected in and
absorbed by the absorbent core 42.
A suitable topsheet 38 may be manufactured from a wide range of materials
such as woven and nonwoven materials; polymeric materials such as apertured
formed Ih~ o~llcalie films~ apertured plastic films~ and h~,lluru~ d ll,..,..~.pfilms; porous foams; reticulated foams; reticulated Ih ,~ p~ films; Ih. .,,,,~
scrims; or composites of any of the foregoing types of materials. Suitable woven and
nonwoven materials can be comprised of natural.fibers (e.g.~ wood or cotton fibers)~
synthetic fibers (e.g.~ polymeric fibers such as polyester, puly~l u~ ,..e~ or
pVI~ .,.h~ .., fibers) or from a c" S - ;~ "- of natural and synthetic fibers.
A preferred topsheet 38 comprises an apertured formed film. Apertured
formed films are preferred for the topsheet because they are'pervious to body
exudates~ yet non-absorbent, and if properly apertured have a reduced tendency to
allow liquids to pass back through and rewet the wearer's skin. Thus, the surface of
the formed film which is in contact with the body remains dry, thereby reducing body
soiling and creating a more Lu.. ru. LaII~, feel for the wearer.
Suitable formed films are described in U.S. Patent 3,929,135 issued to
Thompson on December 30, 19~5; U.S. Patent 4,324~246 issued to Mullane~ et al. on
April 13~ 1982; U.S. Patent 4,342~314 issued to Radel, et al. on August 3, 1982; U.S
Patent 4,463,045 issued to Ahr, et al. on July 31, 1984; U.S. Patent 4~629~643 issued
to Curro~ et al. on December 16, 1986, and U.S. 5,006,394 issued to Baird on April
9~ 1991. The preferred topsheet for the present invention is the formed film
described in one or more of the above patents and marketed on sanitary napkins by
The Procter & Gamble Company as "DRI-WEAVE".
In a preferred rl,ll.O.I;.,....l the topsheet 38 is hydrophilic so that liquids will
transfer through the topsheet 38 faster than if it was not hydrophilic. This will
diminjsh the likelihood that body exudates will flow offthe topsheet rather than being
absorbed by the absorbent core. Such topsheets (as well as fibrous topsheets) can be
WO 96/00550 PCIIUS9S107774
7 2 1 92~44
rendered hydrophilic by treating them with surfactants. Suitable methods of applying
surfactants are described in U.S. Patents 4,950.254 and 5,009,653 issued to Osborn.
B. The AbsorhPnt Core. . - -
(l) ~
The absorbent core 42 is an absorbent means which is capable of absorbing
and retaining liquids such as vaginal fiuids (e.g., menses) and other body exudates.
As shown in Figs I and 2, the absorbent core 42 has a body surface, a garment
surface, side edges, and end edges.
The absorbent core 42 may be ~ t i in a wide variety of sizes and
shapes (e.g., rectanguiar, oval, hourglass, dog bone, asymmetric, etc.) and from a
wide variety of iiquid-absorbent materials commoniy used in sanitary napkins andother absorbent articles.
Suitable materials for the absorbent core 42 include but are not limited to
f..,l .IP~ wood pulp, which is generaily referred to as airfelt; creped cellulose
wadding; tissue including tissue wraps and tissue laminates; synthetic fibers,
especially polymeric fibers, such as crimped polyester fibers; meltblown polymers
including coform; chemicaiiy stiffened, modified or cross-iiniced cellulosic fibers;
fibers have intra-fiber capiiiary channels preferably on their exterior surfaces(capillary channel fibers), peat moss; absorbent foams; absorbent sponges;
~u~ b ~odJ."I~ hydrogel-forming polymeric geliing agents; or any equivalent
materials, ' ~ ~, or mixtures of these materials.
Suitable cross-liniced ceiiulose fibers are described in greater detail in U.S.
Patent 5,217,445 issued to Young, et ai. on June 8, 1993. Suitable capiilary channel
fibers are described in U.S. Patent 5,200,248 issued to Thompson, et al. on April 6,
1993. Suitable foam materiais are described in U.S. Patent 5,147,345 issued to
Young, et al. on September 15, 1992 and in U.S. Patents 5,260,345 and 5,268,224
issued to DesMarais, et al. on November 9, 1993 and December 7, 1993,
Jf ~,L;~
Polymeric geiling agents are particularly preferred absorbent materials for use
in the absorbent core 42. Polymeric geiiing agents are those materiais which, upon
, _ _ . . ...
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8 21 92444
contact with fluids (i.e., liquids) such as water or body fluids, imbibe such fluids and
thereby form hydrogels. In this manner, fluid discharged into the absorbent core 42
can be acquired and held by the polymeric gelling agent, thereby providing the
absorbent articles described herein with enhanced absorbent capacity and/or
improved fluid retention p~.flul Suitable absorbent gelling materials are
described in U.S. Patent Re. 32,649 issued April 19, 1988 to Brandt et al. and U.S.
Patent 5,102,597 issued to Roe, et al. on April 7, 1992. A suitable laminate of
absorbent gelling materials and tissue may be purchased from Grain Processing
Corporation of Muscatine, lowa under Model Number L535.
Various examples of absorbent structures suitable for use as the absorbent core
of the present invention are described in: U.S. Patent 4,578,068 entitled "Absorbent
Laminate Structure" issued to Kramer, et al. on March 25, 1986; U.S. Patent
4,610,678 entitled "High-Density Absorbent Structures" issued to Weisman et al. on
September 9, 1986; U.S. Patent 4,640,810 entitled "System for Producing an Airlaid
Web" issued to Laursen, et al. February 3,1987; U.S. Patent 4,834,735 entitled "High
Density Absorbent Members Having Lower Density and Lower Basis Weight
Acquisition Zones", issued to Alemany et al. on May 30, 1989; U.S. Patents
4,950,264 and 5,009,653 entitled "Thin, Flexible Sanitary Napkin" issued to Osborn
on August 21, 1990 and April 23, 1991 European Patent Application No. 0 198 683,published October 22, 1986 in the name of Duenk, et al.; and in U.S. Patent
Application Serial No. 07/810,?74 and its, in part, Serial No.
07/944,764 both entitled "Absorbent Article Having Fused Layers" filed in the name
of Cree, et al. on December 17, 1991 and September 14, 1992, respectively (PCT
Patent Publication No. WO 93/11725), which have now been combined in U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 08/239,084 filed May 6, 1994.
The ~ g~llAI;lll~ and CU..~l.u.,~iu.. of the absorbent core 42 may be varied in
different ,".l.o~ For example, the absorbent core may have: varying caliperzones (e.g., the core may be profiled so as to be thicker in the center); hydrophilic
gradients; su~ u.b~ gradients, or lower density and lower average basis weight
acquisition zones;~or it may comprise one or more layers or structures. The total
absorbent capacity of the absorbent core 42 should, however, be compatible with the
design loading and the intended use of the sanitary napkin 20. Further, the size and
absorbent capacity of the absorbent core 42 may be varied to ' different
us~ such as pads, pantiliners, regular sanitary napkins, or overnight
sanitary napkins.
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(2) The Cn~cc-Linkrrl Cplluloc~ Fiber r ~nin~tr Core.
One particularly preferred absorbent core 42 is a laminate that is comprised of
a layer of ~ulu.,.absu~ polymeric material (or absorbent gelling material) and one
or more sheets or webs of cross-linked cellulosic fibers. Preferably, the absorbent
gelling material in such a laminate structure is placed between two layers of cross-
linked cellulosic fibers.
The layers of cross-linked cellulosic fibers in such an ciulb~' may
comprise a single sheet that wraps a layer of particles of absorbent gelling materjal.
The sheet may be wrapped so that it appears as having an "e" . S_ when
viewed from the end. The wrapped sheet thereby fomms an upper layer and a lower
layer. In altemative ~ l,odi..l.,ll.~, the laminate can be fommed in many other
manners, such as by providing separate webs of cross-linked cellulosic material (or
other absorbent material or materials) for the different layers of the absorbent core
laminate rather than a single sheet, or by providing the laminate with additional
layers.
C. The R~ k~h-~t
The backsheet 40 prevents the exudates absorbed and contained in the
absorbent core 42 from wetting articles which contact the sanitary napkin 20 such as
the wearer's pants, pajamas and ' ~.,..~ . The backsheet 40 is impervious to
liquids (e.g., menses and/or urine). The backsheet 40 is preferably r . ~J
from a thin plastic film, although other fiexible liquid impervious materials may also
be used.
The backsheet 40 may comprise a woven or nonwoven material, polymenc
films such as ~Le.lllUIJl4~iU films of polr~,.ty~ or pul~ ul~k,.-e, or compositematerials such as a film-coated nonwoven material. Preferably, the backsheet 40 is a
puly~,lt~ ,ni film having a thickness of firom about 0.012 mm (0.5 mil) to about0.051 mm (2.0 mils). Exemplary pul~,.l.Jk,..~, films are ulallllîdL,luled by Clopay
Corporation of Cincinnatî, Ohio, under the designation P18-0401 and by Tredegar
Film Products of Terre Haute, Indiana, under the designation XP-39385.
The backsheet 40 is preferably embossed and/or matte finished to provide a
_ . , .
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more clothlike appearance. Further, the backsheet 40 may permit vapors to escapefrom the absorbent core 42 (i.e., the backsheet 40 may be breathable) while still
preventing exudates from passing through the backsheet 40. Flushable or
biodegradable backsheets can also be used, e.g., such as with pantiliner devices of the
type described herein.
D. The Braided Wicking ~tructure.
Figs. I and 2 show that the sanitary napkin comprises at least one braided
wicking component, such as braided wicking structure (or "braided structure") 44.
The sanitary napkin 20 preferably comprises three separate braided structures 44A~ B
and C that are positioned between the absorbent core 42 and the backsheet 40. The
braided structures shown in Figures I and 2 have a tubular cross-section and arestacked in a pyramid-like a~ L. The braided structures 44 are preferably
centered along the longitudinal centerline of the sanitary napkin.
The term "braided structure", as used herein, refers to structures made by
hlL~I L~ _ several strands of material 54. Preferably, the braided structures used in
the present invention comprise three or more strands, and typically about five or six
strands of material. The braiding can be used to form a tape, cord, string, or twine-
like structure. In the present invention, the strands of material 54 that are braided to
forrn the braided wicking structures preferably comprise a sliver or tow comprised of
many individual 'dbers 56. The sGvers or tows are each twisted to form the strands
54 that will be ;.._ul~ulat~ll into the braided structure 44. The slivers or tows can be
comprired of any suitable number of fibers and may be of any suitable size. In
preferred ~nb ' ~ , the individual fibers preferably have a denier per fiber of
between about I and about 3, and the slivers or tows comprise several hundred
individual fibers 56 (for example, around 400 fibers) and have a total denier ofbetween about 100 to about 2,500.
The strands of material 54 forming the braided structure (and, thus the overall
braided structure 44) can be either hJLu~h.)bic, or hydrophilic. Hydlupllul);c
materials are suitable for use in the braided wicking structure 44 since liquids are
transported through the spaces between the strands 54. Alternatively, some of the
strands 54 can be hJdIU~JIIUI);C and some of the strands can be hydrophilic (in which
case the braided structure 44 would be partially hydlulJllob;~, and partially
hydrophilic). The strands 54 comprising the braided structure 44 can all be made of a
wo 96100550 ~ 1 14
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single material. or they can comprise different materials,
The fibers 56 comprising the strands 54 are preferably non-porous and
hydrophobic so that liquids will not be absorbed into the interiors of the fibers. The
surfaces of the fibers 56 may either be hydlu~l.ub;~. or hydrophilic. Preferably~
however, in order for the fibers in the strands 54 that make up the braided structures
to more easily move sufficient quantities of liquids, the surfaces of the fibers are
hydrophilic. The surfaces of the fibers 56 forming the strands 54 of the braidedstructure are preferably either naturally hydrophilic or treated (such as by a
surfactant) to render the same hydrophilic. In addition, the braided structures 44 can
comprise fibers 56 having capillary channels which are wetted by the liquids, such as
blood and urine, that are required to be transported. The fibers 56 comprising the
strands may be smooth or they may be textured (that is, they may have fibrils
projecting from their surfaces). The fibers 56vcan be made of materials such as
polyethylene, PUIYPIU~JY~ polyester, cotton rayon, ORLON, or any other suitable
natural or synthetic materials. In preferred ~ ~ ' ', the strands 54 comprise
pùl~ u~ h,.~c fibers.
The fibers 56 and the strands 54 comprising the braided structure 44 are both
preferably arranged in a continuous mode between the ends of the braided structure
44. The fibers and strands of the braided structure 44 should be aligned close enough
together to form wicking channels. The strands 54 for ning the braided structure 44
can have any suitable cross-sectional shape. Suitable cross-sectional shapes include,
but are not limited to circular, oval, square, rdat, triangular, irregular, etc. The
strands 54 comprising the braided structure can all have the same cross-sectional
shape, or they can~have different cross-sectional shapes.
The braided structure 44 has a length and a width. The length of the braided
structure 44 can vary according to the product needs and design. The length of the
braided structure 44 preferably ranges from between about I inch (about 2.5 cm) to
the length of the sanitary napkin (or other absorbent article). The radius of the
braided structure 44 is the dimension, R, from the central axis, ~_ of the braided
~ structure to the side wall of the braided structure (that is, 1/2 the actual width, W, of
the braided structure). The radius, 1~ of the braided structure 44 typically ranges
from about 0.05 inch (about 0.13 cm) to about 1 inch (about 2.5 cm), and preferably
ranges from about 0.1 inch (about 0.3 cm) to about 0.5 inch (about 1.3 cm). The
actual width, W, thus, preferably ranges from about 1/4 inch to I inch (about 0.6 cm
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12 21 92444
to about 2.5 cm). If there is more than one braided structure, the individual braided
structures may be of the same size, or different sizes.
The braided wicking component 44 can be fommed of a single braided
structure or multiple braided structures (e.g., multiple paraliel braided structures such
as those shown in Figures 1-3). The braided structures used in the present invention
can have many possible overall ~,ulu'ly,ulaGo.ls. These include, but are not limited to
UUII~ lL;Unal braided structures (such as those shown in Figure 4); braided structures
having an overall generaily circular cross-sectional UUIII-I UldGUII, a flattened circular
or elliptical cross-section; flat braided structures (shown in Figure 5); braided
structures having a cross-section in the shape of a "Figure 8" (shown in Figure 6);
braided or other types of structures inside of braided structures; and tubular braided
structures that have a hole down the center (Figures 1-3). Flat braided structures
include those that are initially fommed as flat structures and those that are cut and
opened into flat structures.
The braided structure 44 is preferably kept in close contact with the
component of the sanitary napkin that deposits liquids on the braided structure. In
addition, at least the ends of the braided structure are preferably kept in close contact
with the absorbent core 42, in order to efficiently transfer liquids to the absorbent
core 42. This can be achieved by a number of suitable ' These include,
but are not limited to maintaining the braided structure 44 in contact with the
adjacent c r ', such as the absorbent core as by tensional forces, or by
bonding it to these other l - r ' of the sanitary napkin by adhesives, and the
Gke. A detaiied description of suitable adhesives for this purpose and adhesive
application ..., ~..,.l;....~ are found in the patent I ' ' i~l~,ul~/ulaLed by
reference herein.
The braided wicking structure 44 preferably functions as follows when it is
positioned undemeath the absorbent core. Liquid exudates will typically be
deposited in a central region of the absorbent core 42. Some of the Gquids deposited
on the absorbent core 42 will be absorbed by the core. Other liquids will pass
through the absorbent core 42 where they will contact the braided wicking structure
44. These liquids will be transported by the braided wicking structure 44 to portions
of the absorbent core which have additional capacity. Cores typically exhibit high
suctional forces which tend to draw away liquids from ~he braided structure 44 for
ultimate storage and this results in the Gquids distributed by the braided structure 44
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~ 13 21 92444
being surrendered to the absorbent core. The absorbent core 42, thus, serves as a
reservoir for liquids which are transferred from the braided structure 44. This at least
partially "renews" the braided structure 44 for the next infusion of liquids.
There are several advantages of using a braided wicking strucLure. The
braided structure 44 provides an acquisition/distribution structure with a more well-
defined wicking channels in comparison to batts of fibers and nonwoven webs
currently used for wicking liquids. The braided structure has well-defined capillaries
between its strands. The braided structure also provides an overall structure that has
a more well-defined shape (that is, sides and ends with more well-defined wicking
~,Lal duL~ L;.,~ in that liquids primarily wick toward the ends of the structure) so that
it can be used to more accurately direct liquid exudates to any desired part of the
sanitary napkin.
The braided structure is adv~l..t,.~,~,uus in that it can transport liquids on the
surface of the strands, or it can transport liquids between strands. The ability of the
braided structure to transport liquids between strands allows the braided structure to
function similarly to capillary channel fibers with regard to the liquid wickingproperties of the braided structure. That is, the wicking properLies are dependent on
the relatively fixed spacing between the strands, rather than on some spacing that
could be subject to change under pressure, such as the capillary spaces between the
fibers in a nonwoven fabric or batt of fibers. This allows for easy and fast acquisition
of liquids, and for the Ll~.,!.ulLdLiu.l of liquids under pressure, such as the pressures
associated with the weight of the wearer's body and other forces exerted on the
Sanitary napkin during wear. Thus, while wicking structures in the forrn of webs or
batts of fibers are able to transport volume of liquids in the range of 0.01 to 0.045
cclsecond when they are not subjected to pressure, their wicking ability decreases
"~, when placed under such pressures. The braided wicking structure used
in the present invention, on the other hand, can still transport such quantities of
liquids (e.g., 0.033 ~;.d...a/se.,u..d) when under pressures as great as I psi (such as
those applied by an adult's body).
~ The braided structure provides still other advantages for Lldl~ ulLi--~ Iiquids.
The braided structure can transport liquids between like materials, or it can transport
Iiquids from one type of material to another. In addition, it is believed that the
braided structures described herein are capable of Ll~ auvli ,, liquids having a range
of viscosities. These braided structures are particularly suitable for Lld..,~JulLil.g
wosG/oosso E~l/l s ,l14
.
~i 21 92~4
liquids of low to medium viscosities (such as liquids having viscosities ranging from
that of menstrual fluid to urine). It is also believed that braided structures will easily
dewater into higher suction (higher capillary force) materials~ and will continue ro
drain themselves of liquids until almost ail of the liquids have been moved through
the spaces between the strands.
A further advantage of the present invention is that the braided structures are
generally relatively soft and flexible. In addition, the fibers fommed into the braided
structures, and the braided structures fommed thereby, are relatively easy to make and
aiso to handle and process (that is~ to u~ luLI~,Lu-c into absorbent articles).
Many altemative ~ ,l,o.~ to the sanitary napkin shown in Figures I and
2 are possible. The braided structure 44, as shown in Fig. 1, can be oriented in the
Inngitll.1in~1 direction and centered relative to the transverse centerline. T, of the
sanitary napicin. In aitemative, I - '' , however. the braided structure 44 can
be offset from the transverse centerline (that is, positioned forward or rearward of
the transverse centerline). If the braided structure 44 is offset from the transverse
centerline, it is preferably positioned so that it at least partiaily iies in the centrai
region 32 of the sanitary napicin 20. In still other ~i L '' , the braided structure
44 can be oriented in any other direction needed to move iiquids within the sanitary
napicin.
The braided structure 44 can. as shown in Figs. I and 2, be positioned
between the absorbent core 42 and the bacicsheet 40. In other altemative
cllllJodu~ L~, the braided structure can be positioned between the topsheet 38 and
the absorbent core 42, within the absorbent core, or partiaily within a component
such as the core and partiaily outside of such a component. The braided structure is
preferably positioned on top of the absorbent core when the absorbent core
comprises a laminate. This is because laminate structures are often less pervious to
iiquids in the Z-direction (i.e., through their thicicness) than non-laminate structures,
so uniess the braided structure is on top of the core. Iiquids will have difficulty
reaching the braided wicking structure making it difficult for the braided structure to
carry out its wicking function. When the braided structure 44 is positioned on top of
the absorbent core the braided structure 44 can be positioned in close contact with
the wearer's body. Even more advalllu.~ ly, the braided structure 44 can be of
such a size and shape that it (along with any overlying . , ) can fit at least
partially within the space between the wearer's labia. This will ailow it to more
WO 96/00550 P~ I 1 14
~ 15 ~ ~ 92444
readily intercept exudates that leave the wearer's body.
In other alternative ~ull~udilll~,~lL~, the braided structure 44 can also serve as a
topsheet, or as a portion of the topsheet, In stili other alternative Pmho~1imPnt~, the
braided structure 44 can be used to store bodily exudates (in addition to~ or instead
of the separate absorbent core). The braided structures described herein are believed
to be useful in serving liquid storage functions since they may be capable of storing
up to about ten times their weight of bodily liquids, or more, as they move liquids
toward the desired storage place. Thus, while the fibers 56 of the braided structure
44 are typically avllabsulb~ (that is, they do not absorb liquids into their interiors),
and although the braided structure typically transfers liquids into higher suction
~,U-III. ', if the braided structure 44 is placed into an absorbent article in which no
such higher suction ~1 ", p ,~ are present, the braided structure 44 will store the
body liquids. In yet other ~ hv~ . the braided structure 44 can serve the
functions of more than one other component of the sanitary napkin.
E. Assemblv ûf the ComD~npnt~ of the Sanitary l'~pkin ~n~l Use of
the Sanitary Napkin.
The UUIII,U~ ' of the sanitary napkin such as the topsheet, the backsheet, the
braided structure, the absorbent core, and any other ~''"'1'~~ may be assembled
in a variety of well known 5~, (includmg "sandwich" 5~,
"tube" cu. fi~;u~!L;o..s, and cul~ aLiu,.,, having side 'daps).
The uu~ of the sanitary napkin are preferably assembled in a
"sandwich" ,.v~ ;" with the topsheet, backsheet, and absorbent core each
comprising a layer, with the absorbent core positioned between the topsheet and
backsheet and the braided structure in contact with the absorbent core. The topsheet
and backsheet are preferably sized so that their peripheries extend beyond the
periphery of the absorbent core, and are sealed together by a perimeter seai 90.
The c. .",p. ,a. 1~ of the sanitary napkin 20 may be held together in any suitable
manner. The ..,. ~p.,- ~ of the sanitary napkin 20 can be secured together by
adhesives, stitching, heat and/or pressure bonds, dynamic mechanical bonds,
ultrasonic bonds, ;..,.,.ulln~g or ~ .gl ~1 of the fibers or other structural
elements comprising the ~,UIIl~vll~,.lL~ of the sanitary napkin, such as by meltblowing
the fibers comprising one component onto another component, or by any other
Wo s6/oosso ~ 5 ~ / /4
.
16 21 ~2~4
means icnown in the art. Suitable means for attaching the ~ of the sanitary
napicin are described in the patent applications and uul~ Liulls i~ ol~Juldled by
reference herein.
The sanitary napicin 2û of the present invention is used by removing any releaseliner 52 and thereafter placing the sanitary napkin 20 in a panty so that the adhesive
(or other fastener) 50 contacts the panty and maintains the sanitary napicin in position
within the panty during use.
F. Optional Featurçs ~ntl Aiterr ~ e Types of AbsorhPnf Articles
While preferred sanitary napkin ~ ,o~ of the present invention have
been described, numerous other sanitary napicins are disclosed in the literature.
These could also be provided with the braided wicicing structure of the present
invention. Several such sanitary napicins are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4.321.924,
"Bordered Disposable Absorbent Article" issued to Ahr on March 30, 1982; U.S.
Patent 4.425.130, "Compound Sanitary Napkin" issued to DesMarais on January 10.
1084; the dru~ ;o,._d U.S. Patent 4.950.264 issued to Osbom on August 21.
1990. U.S. Patent 5,007.906 entitled "Decoupled Sanitary Napicin" issued to
Osbom. et al. on April 16. 1991. the dl'Ul~....~..lfiU..~ U.s. Patent 5.009.653 issued to
Osbom on April 23, 1991; U.S. Patent 5.308.346 entitled "Elasticized Sanitary
Napicin" issued to SneUer. et al. on May 3. 1994; and. U.S. Patent 5.324.278 entitled,
"Sanitary Napicin Having Cnmrnnpnt~ Capable of Separation in Use" issued to
Visscher. et al. on June 28. 1994.
In addition,~the sanitary napicin having the braided wicicing structure of the
present invention may be made in accordance with the disclosures of the foUowingpending U.S. Patent Appiications which were fiied on July 23. i992 (wherein the
braided wicicing structure could be substituted for. or used in addition to the capillary
channel fiber structures): U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 07/915,202, entitled
"Curved, Shaped Absorbent Article" filed in the narne of Theresa L. Johnson, et al.
(PCT Publication No. WO 93/01781); U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
07/915.285, entitled "Absorbent Article Having Resilient Center" filed in the name of
Thomas W. Osbom, et al. (PCT Publication No. WO 93/01782); U.S. Patent
Application Serial No. 07/915.201. entitled "Absorbent Article Fastener Pattem"
fiied in the name of Robb E. Olsen, et al. (PCT Publication No. WO 93/01783); and,
U.S. Patent Application Seriai No. 07/915,134, entitled "Method of Maicing Curved,
WO 96/00550 PCI-IUS95/07774
~ 17 ;~1 924~4
Shaped Absorbent Article" filed in the name of Letha M. Hines. et al. (PCT
Publication No. WO 93/01784),
The sanitary napkin 20 may also be provided with a pair of flaps, each of which
extends laterally outward along a side edge of the main body portion of the sanitary
napkin. A number of sanitary napkins having flaps suitable or adaptable for use with
the sanitary napkin 20 of the present invention are known. Such flaps are disclosed
in U.S. Patent 4,285,343 entitled "Sanitary Napkin", issued to McNair on August 25,
1981; U.S. Patent 4,589,876 entitled "Sanitary Napkin", issued to Van Tilburg onMay 20, 1986; and, U.S. Patent 4,687,478, entitled "Shaped Sanitary Napkin With
Flaps", issued to Van Tilburg on August 18, 1987. Some particularly preferred types
of flaps are described in U.S. Patent 5,281,209 entitled "Absorbent Article Having
Tucked Flaps" issued to Osbom, et al. on January 25, 1994. and in allowed U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 08/073,256 entitled "Absorbent Article Having Flaps
and Zones of Differential F ' ' y" filed in the name of Lavash, et al. on June 4,
1993 (PCT Publication WO 93/06805, published April 15, 1993).
The sanitary napkin described herein can also be comprised one or more
extensible l,O~ In one preferred ~,..lbu " t~ most or all of the ~,U~
are extensible to provide a degree of cA~ellailJ;l;Ly (on the order of 15%-40%) to the
entire sanitary napkin. This cALul~ib ';.y may provide better in-use fit and comfort.
Suitable extensible absorbent articles are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial
No. 07/915,133, entitled "Stretchable Absorbent Articles" filed in the name of
Osbom, et al. on July 23, 1992 (PCT Publication No WO 93/01785 published
February 4,1993).
The terms "panty liner" or "pantiliner" refer to absorbent articles that are less
bulky than sanitary napkins which are generally wom by women between their
menstrual periods. Suitable absorbent anicles in the fomm of pantiliners which could
be provided with a braided wicking structure are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,738,676
entitled "Pantiliner" issued to Osbom on April 19, 1988.
The temm "i article" refers to pads, ~ ..,.IL~ (pads held in
place by a suspension system of same type, such as a belt, or the like), inserts for
absorbent articles, capacity boosters for absorbent articles, briefs, bed pads, and the
like, regardless of whether they are wom by adults or other incontinent persons.
. .
WO 96/00sso ~ 14
18 21 92444
Suitable; ~- ,..:;....,. ~ articles that can be provided with the braided wicking structure
distribution described herein are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,253~461 issued to
Striclcland, et al. onMarch 3, 1981; U.S. Patents 4,597,760 and 4,597,761 issued to
Buell; U.S. Patent 4,909,802 issued to Ahr, et al.; U.S. Patent 4,964,860 issued to
Gipson, et al. on October 23, 1990; U.S. Patent 5,300,054 issued to Feist, et al.; and,
U. S. Patent 5,304~ I 61 issued to Noel, et al.
The temm "diaper" refers to absorbent articles wom by infants and incontinent
persons that are fastened about the waist of the wearer. Suitable diapers that can be
provided with the braided wicking structure of the present invention are disclosed in
U.S. Patent 3,860,003 issued to Buell on January 14, 1975, and U.S. Patent
5,151,092 issued to Buell, et al. on September 29, 1992.
The disclosures of all patents, patent ,.1,~ (and any patents which issue
thereon, as well as any vùll~ r ' ~ published foreign patent ~ ;u )~ and
~" ~ mentioned throughout this patent application are hereby hl~,ullJuldLt i by
reference herein. It is expressly not admitted, however, that any of the documents
Llvu~,uldL~d by reference herein teach or disclose the present invention. It is also
expressly not admitted that any of the ~UIIIIII.~.~ ' "y available materials or products
described herein teach or disclose the present invention.
While particular, ' ' of the present invention have been illustrated
and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other
changes and ."~ can be made without departing from the spirit and scope
of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such
changes and, ' ' that are within the scope of this invention.
