Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SUN-SHADE ~nTITH STEPPED LAMELLAE FDR GUIDING LIGHT
RADIATION
The present invention relates to lamellae for
Iight deflection and for radiation scatters.ng com-
prising a first portion, located in the area of irra-
diation E, including a step-shaped gradation of the
lamella leaf consisting of a treadboard and a riser
wherein the inclination 8 of the treadboard forms an
incline from the area of irradiation to the interior
space, and a second portion.
From U.B. Patent Specification ~to. 2,103,788, it
has been known to shape sun shade lamellae like steps
and to arrange the lamellae horizontally. The disad-
vantage of such arrangement is that, both in summer
and in winter, direct sun radiation is completely
scattered. A further disadvantage is seen in that
the lamellae are so tightly next to each other that
transparency from within to the outside is not possi-
ble. An additional disadvantage is that only bottom
radiation can penetrate between the lamellae into the
interior space so that the interior space is not
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sufficiently illuminated.
It has furtheron been known to shape the lamel-
lae for radiation screens as steps where the indi-
vidual steps are arranged at different angles rela-
y tive to each other and the treadboard and the riser
are arranged in various lengths (German Offenlegungs-
schrift No. 27 32 592). From German Offenlegungs-
Schrift No. 42 39 003 A1, too, sun shade lamellae
have been known which are shaped as steps on the
upper side and are disposed at right angles relative
to each other. At the underside, the sun shade la-
mellae described are also shaped as steps. The indi-
vidual steps on the underside of the lamella leaf are
partly shaped concavely or convexly. The gradings on
the upper side of the sun shade lamella are shaped
level or plane. This causes reflection of the light
radiation from the upper side of a lamella onto the
underside of the upper lamella. On the underside of
the upper lamella, the light radiation is then de-
flected by a corresponding concave shape so that
controlled light deflection onto the working or
ground area is obtained. Light deflection to the
ceiling and into the depth of the room is only re- '
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strictedly possible. The double light deflection to
the upper or the underside, respectively, of the sun
z shade lamellae is considered a disadvantage since
each reflection, even on specular surfaces, leads to
an absorption at the lamellae. The absorption leads
to undesired heating up and reduction of the light
radiation. If only the underside is arched and the
upper side is plane or level, high angles of inci-
dence of the sun in summer may lead to a plurality of
reflections between the lamella leafs until the ray
is reflected into the interior space or again to the
outside. This leads to considerable warming up of
the lamellae which, particularly in summer, is expe-
rienced as inconvenient heat radiation in the interi-
or space. In case of a reflection movement between
the lamellae, one cannot guarantee that light inci-
dence is deflected to the ceiling and, in order to
illuminate the depth of the room, into the interior
depth. Glaring at the working place might even be
experienced since no exact control over the angle of
the light incidence into the interior space can be
exerted.
It is, therefore, the aim of the present inven-
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tion to provide lamellae on which, in summer, the sun
light with high angles of incidence of the sun is
completely scattered without resetting the la~aellae,
and flat sun radiation in winter and diffuse radia-
tion is partly deflected to the selling and into the
depth of the interior space while the lamellae need
not necessarily be turned to a horizontal axis.
This problem is solved by lamellae for
light deflection and scattering of radiation
IO comprising a first portion disposed in a radiation
area having a step-like gradation of lamella leaves
consisting of treadboards and risers where an
inclination p of at least a first treadboard at
least in a starting point forms an incline from the
radiation area to an interior space, and a second
portion, wherein:
(a) at least an upper side of said first
portion includes at least one treadboard with an
inclination deviating at least at a starting point
relative to at least portions of said second portion,
(b) the inclination a at least in the starting
points of said first treadboard and at least parts
of said second portion form an obtuse angle c~
relative to each other, and
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(c) daylight radiation impinging onto lamellae
is deflected by said first portion into the
radiation area and daylight impinging onto said
second portion is deflected into the interior space.
The advantage of the innovation is that, con-
trary to all prior art sun shade lamellae, they may
regain even in case of high angles of incidence in a
tlat opened position so that light penetration and
light dotiection is warranted st an optimuD in favor
of interior depth illumination even it direct suwmer
sun id scattered. i~t the sane time, transparency of
the sun shade is maintained. The disadvantage of sun
shades normally experienced in the super sun when
they are tilted to a closed position and thus become
non-tranepare»t and light iaper~aeabla, is avoided.
Further advantages will become apparent from the
description based on the figures wherein
Figure 1 is a perspective section through a
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plurality of lamellae disposed one upon the other,
J
such as for instance of a sun shade;
Figure 2 is a cross section through three hori-
zontal sun shade lamellae disposed one upon the oth-
5 er;
Figure 3 is a cross section through a first
portion of a stepped sun shade lamella in horizontal
disposition;
Figure 4 is the section through a lamellae hav-
ing a glass covering;
Figure 5 is the section through an insulating
glass window for inclined roof surfaces having an
inlet made of the lamellae according to the inven-
tion:
Figure 6 is the cross section through a large
lamella;
Figure 7 is the disposition of the large lamella
in the high window area in an approximately horizon-
tal position:
Figures 8, 8.1 are further lamellae and the
mounting thereof; and
Figure 9 are magnetically controlled lamellae.
Figure 1 illustrates the cross section through a
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horizontal sun shade comprising lamellae 10 through
13 disposed at an inclination to the sun 15. The
lamellae are composed of a stepped first portion and
an area-shaped second portion. The stepped portion
is, on principle, oriented towards the outside space
and the area-shaped portion towards the interior
space. The sun shade may be mounted in the outside
space, in the interior space or in the intermediate
air space between an insulation glass window. The
term sun shade as used in the present examples also
includes all inelastic lamella systems, i.e. also
such systems which cannot be moved together and are
rotatably supported about an axis or which may be
stationarily arranged. Light radiation 4 inciding
from outside onto the stepped lamella portion is
reflected back to radiation cross section E. Light
radiation 15 inciding at a flat angle of incidence
onto the area-shaped lamella portion oriented towards
the interior space is reflected by means of beam 25.1
into the interior space. By inclination of the sec-
ond portion, the reflected light radiation is reflec-
ted into the interior space essentially at an angle T
> 0. Treadboards 16 have an angle of inclination B
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relative to horizontal H. The treadboards show an
inclination from radiation cross section E between
the starting points of two superimposed lamellae to
the interior space. The inclinations of the tread-
s board and of the second area-shaped portion 17 have
an obtuse angle ti relative to each other wherein, in
most cases, the inclination y2 of the second portion,
as in the present case, is opposed to inclination B
of the treadboard and is constant or, advantageously,
l0 increases, continuously or discontinuously, as can be
taken from the following figures.
This rule applies for alI embodiments of the
present invention. The starting point is in each
case the point which is nearest to radiation cross
I5 section E.
Tt is of advantage, if a line 7 through starting
point 8 and end point 9 of lamella I3 takes an angle
y of
Y = 0 - 30°.
20 The total lamella may be convexly curved as in the
present case. The end point 6 of the first portion 5
or the starting point of the second portion 4 is
' above a straight line 7. This point 6 may also be
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disposed on straight line 7 or below straight line 7,
which essentially leads to a concave shape of the
lamella.
On the radiation side, the surfaces of the la-
y mellae are highly reflective, i.e. white or prefera-
bly specular or for instance are provided with a dull
silver, aluminum or gold luster. The underside of
the lamellae may also be either specular or dull or
colored, e.g. white or colorfully japanned.
Figure 2 shows a cross section through three sun
shade lamellae 23, 24, 25 disposed one upon the oth-
er. The sun shade lamellae include a first portion
26, 27, 28 oriented towards the outside space 32 and
a second portion 29, 30, 31 oriented towards the
interior space 33. The first portion 26, 27, 28 is
formed of a step-shaped reflector which is composed
of a plurality of reflector portions 34, 35, 36, 37
and so on and, for instance, forms an angle of lead.
The steps of the first portion include concavely
shaped treadboards 35, 36, 45 and concavely shaped
risers~34, 37, 46, 48. The risers 34, 37, 46, 48 may
also be plane or convex.
An inciding ray 44 impinges onto riser 45 of the
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first portion 26. At treadboard 45, ray 44 is reflec-
ted onto riser 46. At the riser, ray 44 is reflect-
ed back to the outside space 32. A flat sun ray 47
impinging onto riser 48 of first portion 28 is re-
flected back by it directly into outside space 32.
Riser 34, 37, 46, 48, in particular, is arched from
the interior space so that it is not possible that
the looker on from the interior space is reflected or
is dazzled by reflection.
By the arched formation of treadboard and risers
of the first portion the sun shade lamellae according
to the teaching of the present invention, it can be
safeguarded that the complete radiation reflected
back from the lamella to the outside space in favor
of a passive cooling of the interior space is dif-
fusely scattered.
At the steps, the flat winter sun is only partly
reflected to the outside while a further part which
impinges onto the second portion 29 to 31 is deflect-
able into the space depth. A similar case is the
diffuse radiation. Diffuse radiation is deflected
into the space depth as well. It constitutes part of
the teaching of the present invention to so shape the
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second portion and bend it that radiation 65, 65.1 is
not, or just somewhat, reflected onto the underside
of the upper lamella but mainly directly onto the
ceiling of the interior space. This shaping of the
5 second portion may be made as a curve or in segments
of straight or arched portions. The distance between
the lamellae and the starting and end points of the
lamellae is determined as follows:
A shadow line 55 between starting point 51 of an
10 upper lamella 23 and the end point 52 of a lower
lamella 24 forms an
angle of a, < 30°.
A shadow line 56 between starting point 51 of an
upper lamella 53 of the first portion 27 of the lower
lamella forms an
angle of a, > 30° < 60°.
These data refer to the normal position and may
change if the lamellae are rotated about an horizon-
tal axis.
The first portion 26, 27, 28 and the second
portion 29, 30, 31 have a width of B1 and B2, respec-
tively. The following proportions are valid:
B=B,,+BZ= 1.
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The portions are to the total width as
B1/B = 0.5 ~ 0.1 and B2/B = 0.5 ~ 0.1
When designing the second portion it is essen-
tial that the reflection paths be so controlled by
the tangent inclination of the curve points that the
sun is not reflected onto the underside of the upper
lamella. This process will be explained based on
lamella 24 and 25: A shadow line 65 falling into the
starting point 66 of second portion 31 of lamella 25
should reflect below end point 52 of upper lamella 24
into interior space 33. The construction of the
tangent inclination in point 66 is performed in a
manner known in the art by determining angle bisector
67 between inciding ray 65 and reflected ray 65.1.
Similarly, the exact trace of the curve of the total
second portion 29, 30,31 of lamella may be projected.
The trace of the curve may of course be selected
flatter by no means however steeper, as has been
explained in connection with ray path 49, 49.1, un-
less one allows reflection on the lower side of the
upper lamella.
Figure 3 serves for the exact definition of the
shaping of the first graded portion. The maximum
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angle of incidence at fagade a~x is determined. This ,
is the highest angle of incidence in dependence on
the degree of latitude and on the cardinal point of
the facade. A ray 117 inciding at an angle anax into
starting point 118 of treadboard 104 is reflected
onto riser 103. As the outermost meeting point, the
starting point 112 on riser 103 is determined so that
it is avoided that a direct sun ray which might lead
to overheating can penetrate into the interior space.
From point 112, the ray is reflected back through
radiation cross section E into the outside space.
The angle bisector between inciding ray 117 and re-
flecting ray 117.1 is constructed in point 118 and
the tangent inclination t,,,,$ is found perpendicular to
angle bisector 118.1. Tangent t,,18 may be steeper, at
a steeper angle B, to horizontal H, should not, how-
ever, be inclined more flatly. Diffuse zenith radia-
tion 119, 119.1 at an angle of incidence > a~Y is
intentionally guided into the interior space.
The construction of the riser is performed ac-
cording to the same method: Ray 116 in point 112 is
so guided by the inclination of tangent t112 that it
is reflected back from riser 104 in point 113 into
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radiation cross section E. At a south facade in
Frankfurt, anax amounts to about 68 ° . Radiation 119
at an angle > a~x is partly deflected into the inte-
rior space and leads to an increased illumination
with diffuse sky radiation from the zenith. It is
obvious that a type designed for a south fagade can
also be employed on the east or west facade.
Following various ray paths 120, 121, it can be
observed that each treadboard and riser can be made
1o differently depending on its location relative to the
starting point of the upper lamella. ~ Treadboards
104, 106, 108 become longer with increasing distance
from the radiation cross section, risers 103, 105,
107 become shorter with increasing distance from the
radiation cross section.
This regularity refers to the relative sizes
between an optically connected treadboard and a ris-
er. Assuming the relative sizes of the first tread-
board and riser in the radiation cross section equal
to 1, the ratio of treadboard to riser of at least
the last step is > 1.
Figure 4 shows lamella 69 of the invention in
' combination with an outer cover 70 consisting for
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instance of glass or plexi glass or of a foil. Such
a lamella is advantageously employed in the outside
space in front of the fagade. Connection between
lamella 69 and outer pane 70 is brought about for
instance by means of a water-vapor diffusion-tight
glue 81 as known from insulation glass production.
Starting points 75 to 79 of the treadboards and end-
points 80 of the second portion are on a straight
line. Treadboards 71 to 74 in their starting point
75 to 79 form an angle B relative to horizontal H
which decreases with increasing distance from radia-
tion cross section E. The tangents of the starting
point of the treadboards and risers for an acute
angle B.
Figure 5 illustrates an insulation glazing in-
cluding an outer pane 80 and an inner pane 81. With-
in air space 82 of the insulation glazing, lamellae
83, 84 are installed which correspond to the form of
the invention. Such insulation glazing is in-
stalled into a roof glazing having an inclination.
Figure 6 shows a large lamella which may for
instance be installed between the lower window area
and the high window area of an interior space. Es-
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sential for the construction is point 90 which corre-
.
sponds to lintel edge 91 in Figure 7. The construc-
' tion of the lamella is performed in a manner known in
the art with relative to such lintel edge 91. Ac-
5 cording to the explanation made in Figure 2, lintel
edge 91 corresponds to the starting point of an upper
lamella. The particular advantage of the large la-
mella is shown in Figure 7: The lamella may also
serve for guiding the light of an indirect light
10 source 92. The light source is arranged as an oblong
lamp or as a spot light in the area of the window
sill and radiates the light onto the underside of the
lamella. on the underside, the light is deflected to
the desk according to DIN. The particular feature of
15 the lamella of Figures 6 and 7 is the horizontal
expansion. Thus the lamella construction of the
invention permits the provision of lamellae having
horizontal alignment and lamellae having an inclina-
tion towards the ground level which, nevertheless,
show the desired radiation behavior in favor of a
passive cooling effect in summer and a reduction of
glare into the outside space. The advantage of this
construction is seen inter alia in that the lamella,
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when in an opened position, offers a very good trans- ,
parency and a very high diffuse light entrance into
the interior space. The example shows that the
lamella may also take an inclination of < 0 with an
inclination towards the interior space.
The lamella may be composed of a plurality of
individual reflectors wherein for instance each
treadboard and each riser forms one reflector strip
all of which are composed to form a step-shaped
structure. The second portion, too, may be composed
of a plurality of arched lamellae disposed one next
to the other.
Figure 8 shows two lamellae 206, 207. The first
portion 208, 209 includes steps which, starting from
the radiation cross section, increase in size. The
advantage of this design is that the lamella is very
narrow. Transparency D between the lamellae is a
multiple of the height h of the lamellae.
Lamellae 206, 207 include a particularity: They
include grooves 210, 211 into which a reinforcement,
such as for instance sheet steel, may be inserted.
The lamella may also be designed as a hollow profile
in order to receive the reinforcement. At the same
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time, the grooves serve, in Figure 8.1, for receiving
supporting bolts 214, 215 which are inserted into the
' grooves and which extend above the lamella and are
kept in detent. Such detent is shown in Figure 8.1.
The detent comprises a metal sheet disposed at the
front sides and including the recesses 212, 213. In
the recesses, supporting bolts 214, 215 can be seen
extending at the front sides from the grooves. By
the bolts, the profile is mounted in a fixed posi-
tion.
Figure 9 shows the same lamellae as in Figure 8
except that the lamellae are rotatably supported
about a horizontal axis. They are depicted in base
position A and in tilted position B. By tilting the
lamellae to position B, the system closes against the
flat sun 216. Tilting of the sun shade lamellae is
performed either in a commercial way or by a magnetic
pulse. This will be explained based on the upper
lamella 217: Into grooves 210, 211 from Figure 8,
bolts are inserted which have a bent arm 218. The
tip of the arm touches magnet 219, 220. Depending on
the current pulse, the arm is drawn to either alter-
nating magnet 219 or 220 so that the lamella tilts
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into the desired position A or B. One could also
think of a third tilted position which may be obtain-
ed in a comparable way by means of a swivel arm pro-
vided on the opposed front sides of the lamellae.
Possible is also a base position A to which the
system will tilt independently based on an imbalance
in the superposition and also a position B, and per-
Naps even C, to which the system is turned by a mag-
netic pulse.
A further embodiment of the present invention
not illustrated though very advantageous is consti-
tuted by the penetration of spaced horizontal lamel-
lae through orthogonally arranged further lamellae so
that a raster-shaped area structure is obtained. The
orthogonally penetrating lamellae may either be
smooth or convexly shaped on the surface thereof or
may also be shaped as steps. It is of particular
advantage to provide such reflecting raster elements
in the air intermediate space of insulation glazing
on the roof or fagade area.
The lamellae are made of steel, aluminum or a
plastic material. Preferred production procedures
include roll shaping from a steel or aluminum sheet,
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the aluminum pressing procedure, the drawing and/or
rolling procedure or the plastic extrusion procedure.
Lamellae produced by the roll shaping method prefera-
bly show on the upper side thereof the same contour
as on the underside thereof. Lamellae broducec7 by
the press or extrusion method or by the drawing and
rolling process may show on the underside thereof a
contour which is completely different from that on
the upper side. It is for instance possible to pro-
1o vide channels or grooves on the underside. The un-
derside of the first portion may be smooth so that
the stepped structure is not visible. The underside
may have a course of the curve of its own developed
by different optical laws such as for instance for
the reflection of artificial light from the interior
space or for the reflection of artificial light
flooded onto the fagade back to the outside space.
