Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02222209 1997-12-11
WO97/01M8 PCT~S96/1~39
~u~_-~ATE FOR INR JET PRINTING HAVIN~
A NONO~AYER INR-R~lv~ COA~IN~
Ba~.v~ of the Inventio~
The pre~ent invention relates to a coated substrate.
Ink jet printing i~ an important printing technology
capable of producing full-color, high quality images at high
~peed and low cost. For example, ink jet printing is capable
of producing a full-color hard copy of computer-generated
drawings or graphic Consequently, ink jet printing i8 a
rapidly growing technology which i6 gaining acceptance in
general use. Ink jet printing also is expanding into wide
format printing to produce large prints and banners.
Current ink jet printing technology involves forcing ink
drops through small nozzles by piezoelectric pressure or by
oscillation onto the surface of a substrate. An aqueous ink
of low viscosity consisting of direct dyes or acid dyes is
commonly used in ink jet printing. Once applied to a
substrate, the ink droplet ideally will dry in the shape of
a perfect circle, forming a single dot. The ink droplet needs
to dry quickly without migrating into the ~u~Lo~l,ding area
which would result in blurred or fuzzy printing. This
migration of an ink droplet is called "feathering" or
"bleeding". Therefore, the surface of the substrate should
be very absorbent to facilitate rapid drying of the ink.
There are a large number of references which relate to
ink jet printable substrates. The typical substrate is a
paper or other material having an ink-receptive coating. The
coating typically includes one or more pigments and a binder.
Pigments which have been used, alone or in combination,
include, by way of illustration only, silica; clay; calcium
carbonate; talc; barium ulfate; diatomaceous earth; titanium
dioxide; cation-modified non-spherical colloidal cilica, in
which the modifying agent is aluminum oxide, hydrous zirconium
o~ide, or hydrous tin oxide; calcium carbonate-compounded
silica; prismatic orthorhombic aragonite calcium carbonate;
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alumina; aluminum silicate; calcium silicate; kaolin;
magnesium silicate; magnesium oxalate; magnesium-calcium
carbonate; magnesium oxide; magnesium hydroxide; high-
~welling montmorillonite clay; amorphous silica particles
having a coating of a Group II metal; synthetic silica; and
micro-powder silica. In some instances, the pigment may have
certain defined requirements, such as particle diameter, oil
absorption, surface area, water absorption, refractive index,
and solubility in water.
Various binders have been employed to form the ink-
receptive coating. Examples of such binders include, again
by way of illustration only, a mixture of esterified starch
and a water-insoluble cationic polymer; an epoxy resin and a
thermoplastic resin; acrylic resins and other water-soluble
polymers; a mixture of an alkylquaternaryammonium (meth)acryl-
ate polymer and an alkylquaternaryammonium (meth)acrylamide
polymer; poly(vinyl alcohol); a mixture of an acrylic resin
and poly(vinyl alcohol); polyvinylpyrrolidone or vinylpyr-
rolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer or mixture thereof; an amine
salt of a carboxylated acrylic resin; oxidized or esterified
starch; derivatized cellulose; casein; gelatin; soybean
protein; styrene-maleic anhydride resin or derivative thereof;
styrene-butadiene latex; and poly(vinyl acetate).
Additional materials have been included in the ink-
receptive layer, such as a cationic polymer. Moreover, twoor more layers have been employed to form the ink-receptive
coating.
Notwithstanding the improvements which have been made in
substrates for ink jet printing, there is an opportunity for
providing a high quality printed image on a substrate that is
water resistant.
~ummary of the Invention
The present invention addresses some of the difficulties
and problems discussed above by providing an ink jet printable
coated substrate which is particularly useful with colored
CA 02222209 1997-12-11
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wat~r-ba~3ed ink je~ inks. The coated substrate of the present
inv~ntion gives sharp prints of brilliant color withou~
~eat:h~ring. In addition, the printed images will not bleed
whe~ exposed to moisture or water.
'rhe coated substrate o~ the present invention includes
su}~trate and a firqt coating. The substrate has ~ir3t and
secon~ ~urfa~ For example, ~he substrate may be a film
or ~ nonwoven we~. D~sira~ly, the substrate will be a
c~ll.ulosic nonwoven web. The fir~t coating overlays the first
o ~urface of the ~ubstr~te. ~he ~irst coating is composed of
fro~about 20 to a~out 60 p~rcent ~y weight o~ a latex binder,
~ro~ about 20 to ~bout 80 p~rcent by weight of a hydrophil-
ic ~;ilica, from about 1 to a}~out 12 percent by wQight of a
cati.onic polymer, and fro~ about 0.5 to ~bout 5 percent by
weigh~ o~ a surfactant, in which all percents by weight are
bas~d on the tot~l dry weight o~ the first coating.
The first coating will ha~e a pH of from ~bo~t 2 to about
6. In addition, the hydrophilic silica generally will have
~n av~rage particle siz~ no greater than about 20 micr~meters.
For example, the average particle size of the hydrophilic
sili.ca typically will be fro~ about 1 to about 20 micrometers.
In ad~i~ion, th~ hydrophilic silica generally will have a pore
vol~m~ greater than 0.4 cubic centimet~rs per gra~ ~cc/g).
As ~n Qxampl~, th~ pore volum~ o~ the hydrophilic silica may
bQ from about 1 to about 2 cctg.
If desired, a ---on~ coating may o~Qrlay the eecond
surface of the substrateO For example, such a coating may be
what often is referred to in the papermaking art ~ a backsiz~
coating. As anoth~r example, the second coating may be a tie
coat:, i.~., a coating designed to bind a pr~ssur~--slansitivQ
adh~;i~Q to th- sc~cond ~ur~ace of the ~ub~;trate. Alterna-
tiv~ly, the ~econd coating itself may be a pressuroe-~ensitivQ
aah~siYe. When the second coa~ing is a tie coat, a third
coat:ing consisting of a pressure-sensitive adhesive and
ov~rlaying the second coating Also may be present.
Moreover, ~ ~ourth coating may be present between the
firs~t surface of the ~ubstrate and the ~irst coat~ng. An
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example o~ such a coating i~ what is known in the papermaking
art ~s a barrier coating.
Detail d D-~r~ptio~ of tho Inv~ntio~
A~ used herein, the term ~nonwoven web" is meant to
include any nonwoven web, including t~ose prep~red by such
melt-extrusion proces~es as meltblowing, coforming, and
spunbo~ding. The term al~o includes nonwoven web~; prepared
o by air laying or wet laying relatively shor~ fibers to form
a web or sheet. Thus, the term includes nonwoven webs
prepared from a papermaking ~urnish. Such furnish ~ay include
only cellulo~e fibers, a ~ixture of cell~lose fi~er~ and
synthe~ic ~ibers, or only synthetic fibers. When the furnish
con~ains only cell~lose ~ib~rs or a mixture of cellulo
fib~r~ and ~ynth~tic fib~rs, thQ r~sulting web is referred to
her~in as a cellulosic nonwoven web." of course, the paper
also may contain additives and other ma~erials, such as
~illers, e.g., clay and ~itanium dioxide, as is wel} known in
2 0 th - papermaking art .
The term "latex binder" is used herQin to mean a
dispersion of water-insoluble polymer particle~ in wat~r. The
ter~ "polymer" is int~n~e~ ~o sncompass both homopolymers and
copol.ymers. Copolymer~ may b~ random, block, graft, or
25 alt~rnating polymcrs of two or more monomer~. Th~ polymer
typically is a film-fo~ming polymer, such as, by way o~
illu~tration only, polyacrylates, ~tyrene-~utadiene copoly-
mer~s, e~hylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, nitrile rubbers,
pol~y(vinyl chloride), poly(~inyl ~cetate), ethylene-acrylate
~O copol.ymers, and vinyl acetate-acrylate copolymers. ~atex
bind~rs are well known to those having ordinary ski}l in the
art.
As used herein, the tenm "cationic polymer" is meant to
include any water-soluble polymer cont~i~i ng cationic
~unctional groups. For exa~ple, the catio~ic polymer may be
an amide-epichlorohydrin polymer, a polyacrylamide wi~h
cationic functional group~, polyethyleneimin~, polydiallyl-
CA 02222209 1997-12-11
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~ ~~S ~UN ~q
aminc" a quaternary polycationic synthetic organic polymer,
or the like.
The ~erm "hydrophilic silica" is used herein to ~ean any
amorphous ~ygrosoopic silica having a hydrophilic surface
The hydrophilic surface may be the natural hydrophilic ~urfac~
ch~ra~teristic of silica. For example, ~he silica may be a
fumed silica ~-a precipitated silica. The s-lica surface may
be modified, i~ desired, provided the modifying agent is
hydrophilic. As another example, the silica may be a
natu.rally occurring silic~, such as a diatomaceous earth. An
example of a diatomaceous earth silica is CeliteX 321
(Man.vill~ Pr~ducts Corporation, Denver, Colorado). In
general, the average particle size of the silica will be no
greatQr than abo~t 20 micrometers. As practical matter, the
~verage particle size of the silica typically will be in a
range of from a~out 1 to about 20 micrometers. For example,
the av-rage particle size may be from about 2 to a~out 13
microm-ters. As another example, the- average particle size
may ~ from about 3 to a~out 9 ~icrometers.
A6 used herein, the term "s~rfactant" has its usual
m~rli~g, In gsneral, the surfactant may be a nonionic or a
ca~ionic surfac~ant. Desirably, the surfactant will be a
nonionic surfactant, such as an ~lkylaryl polyether. For
exaD~ple, the surfactant may be a polyethoxylzlted alkylph~nol.
~Q coated substratQ of the present invQntion include~
a 3u~s~rate and fir~t coating. The substrate ha~ first ~nd
~ ~on~ surfaces. For example, the substrate may be a film
or a nonwovQn web. D~3sir~bly, the substrate will be a
c~llulo~ic nonwovoen web. For ex~mple, thQ ~ubstr~te may b~
:3Q a polymer-reinforced paper, ~ome~imes referred to as a latex
~,.ated paper. As anoth~r examE:~le, th~ s~bstrate may bQ
a bond p~per, i.-., a pap~r compo~ed of wood pulp fibers and
cot1on fibers. The basis weight of the ~Ubs~ratQ typically
will v~ry from about 40 to about 300 grams per sguare meter
(g~m~. For exa~ple, the ba~is w~ight of the substratQ m~y
be ~rom about 50 to about 250 g~m. As a further example, th~
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basis weight of the substrate may be from about 50 to about
200 gsm.
The first coating overlays the ~irst sur~ace of the
~ub~;trat~. As stated earlier, ~he f~rst coating is composed
of ~ latex binder, a hydropbilic silica, a cationic polymer,
and a ~urfacta~t.
In g~n~r~I, the amount of latex binder may be from about
20 tc a~out 60 percent by weight. For example, the amount
of lat~x binder may b~ from about 25 to about 40 percent by
weic3ht. As another example, t~e amount of l~tex binder may
be ~rom about 25 to about 35 percent by weight. As already
noted, t~e latex binder may be, by way of lll~stration only,
a pol.yacrylate, styr~ne-butadiene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl
ace1:atc copolymer, nitrilQ rubber, poly(vinyl chloride),
S poly~vinyl acetat~), ethylene-acrylate copolymer, or vinyl
acQ~a.te-acrylate copolym~r. ~thylene-vinyl ac-tate copolymers
have been ~ound to be particularly useful as binder~.
The amount of hydrop~ilic silica pre~ent in th~ first
coating typically will be from about 20 to about 80~ pQrcen~
~0 by weight. By way o~ example, the amount o~ hydrophilic
sil~ca may be ~rom about 30 to about 70 percent by weight.
A~ anothQr example, th~ amount o~ hydrophilic silica may ~e
fro:~ about 50 to about 70 percent by weight.
Th~ hydrophilic silica generally will have an average
particle size no gr~at~r than about 20 micrometer~ an~ a pore
~olum~ greater than 0.4 cc/g. As an ex~mple, the averagQ
particlo ~ize may be from about l to about 20 micrometers.
As another example, the ~verage particle size may be from
about: 2 to about 13 micro~eters. As an additional example,
the av-rage particle ~iz~ of the hydrophilic silica may be
from a~bout 3 to 2~bout 9 ~icrometer6. Also by way o~ exampla,
the porQ voluun~ may bs from about 1.2 to ahout 1.9 cc~g. As
a fuI~th~r cxa~npla, t~he pore volu~m~ may bo from about 1.2 to
abou~ 1.7 cc/g.
Th~ first co~ting also will contain ~rom about 1 so about
12 p~rcen~ by weight of a cationic polylmer. ~or example, the
aunount of cationic poly1ner may be from about 2 ~o about 8
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percent by weight. As another example, the am_unt of cationic
polymer may ~e from about 3 to about 6 p~rcent by weight.
Cati.onic amine-epichl~rohydrin copolymers and quaternary
poly~cationic polymers have been found to ~e especially useful.
5 The latter type of polymers appear to give slightly better
water resistance than the ~ormer,
Final~y,~he f~r~t co~ting will contain ~rom about 0.5
to about 5 percent by weight of a surfactant. For example,
the amount of surfactan~ may be ~rom about 1 to about 4
lo p~rcent ~y weight. A~ ancther example, the amount o~
~urfactant may be fro~ about 1 to about 3 percent by weight.
DesirAbly, the sur~actant will b~ a nonionic sur~ac~ant. For
example, the nonionic sur~actant may ~e a polyethoxylated
alk~lphenol.
Tho thickness of t~ ~irst coating typically will be in
a r~nge of ~rom abo~t 10 to about 50 micrometers. ~or
example, the thicknes~ o~ th~ first coating may be from abou~
15 to about 45 micromete~. As another ~xample, the thi~kr~~
of th~ first coating may be ~rom ~bout 20 to about 40 micro-
meters. However, thinner or thicker fir t coatings may be
employed, if desired.
ThQ ~irst coating generally is formed on the first
sur~ace of the su~stra~e by ~eans which are well known to
those having ordi,lary skill in thc art. By way of illustra-
tion only, the coating ~y be for~ed by doctor blade; air
- kni~e; Meyer rod; roll, reverse roll, and gravur~ coat~rs;
bru~h applicator; or spraying. The first coating typically
will be ~ormed from a di~peraion. The dispersion genQrally
will hav~ a ~isco8ity of fro~ about 0.005 to about 1 Pa s (5
to 1~000 centipoi~) as mea~ured with a Brookfield ~iscometQr,
Modcl ~VT, using a ~o. 2 spindle at 30 rpm (Brook~ield
Engin~ering ~aboratories, Inc., Stoughton, ~assachusetts).
For exa~ple, the dispQrsion may h~ve a viscosity of from abou~
0.01 to about 0.5 Pa s t10 to 500 centipoise). ~s a ~urther
3S ~xam~plo, the dispersion may have a viscosity of from about
0.03 ~o about 0.25 Pa 6 ( 30 to 250 c~ntipo~se).
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ïn some embo~ n~s, a :~econd coating may be present;
such coating will ove~lay the second surface of the substrate.
The second coating may be, by way of illustration, ~ backsize
coating. Such a coating generally consists essentially o~ a
binder and clay. For example, the binder may be a polyacryl-
atQ, ~uch as Rhoplex HA-16 (RohIn and Haas company, Philadel-
phia, Penn~y ~ania). ~s another example, the clay may b~
Ultrawhite 90 ~Englehard, Charlotte, North Carolina). A
typic~l formula~ion would include the two materials in amo~nt~
lo ~ 579~7 parts by weight and z28.6 parts ~y weight, re-
3pectively. Water and/or a ~hic~ening agQnt will b~ added as
necessary to giv- a f inal dispersion viscosity in ~he range
of 0.100-0.140 Pa s (lOO 140 centipoise) at ambient tempera-
tur~.
Aloo by way of illus~ration, the second coating may b~
a ti~ coat, i.e., ~ coating designQd to bind a pressure
s~nsitive adhe~ive to the ~econd sur~acQ o~ thQ substr~te.
A ~pical tie co~t consists of a pol~acrylate binder, clay,
and sili~a. Alternatively, the ~econd coating itseIf may be
a pr~ssure-sensitiv~ adhesive. Por example, a pres~ure-
sensi.tive adhesive coating may consist of a styrene-butadiene
eopo~ Ler, a poly~vinyl acetate), or a natural rubber. A
pr~ ure--sensiti~re ~dhesiYQ coating tyl?ically will be pre~ent
at a basis wQight of from about lO to about 40 gsm~ When the
~cond coating is a tie coat, a third coating consisting of
pressure-s~nsitive adh~s;ive and o~rerlaying the 5~?~0
coati.ng also may be present.
In a~dition to or in place of the s~cond coa~ing, a
fourth coating may be present. The fourth coating usually
30 will be located between the s~bstrate and t~Q ~ir~t coating.
Th~ fourth coating typically will be formed fro~ a dispersion
con~isting o~, by way ôf exampl- only, 208 parts by weight of
Hyc~r~ 26084 (B. F. Goodrich ~mpany, Cleveland, Ohio), a
polyacrylate dispersion having a solids content of 50 pQrcent
by w~ight (104 parts dry weight), 580 parts by weight of a
clay aisper~ion having ~ solids content of 69 parc~nt ~y
weight ~400 parts dry w~ight), and 1~0 parts by weigh~ of
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water. Additiona~ water and/or a thickening agent may be
adde~ as necessary to give a final dispersion viscosity in the
range of 0.100-0.140 Pa s (100-140 centipoise~ at ambient
t~ ,e ature.
The pre~ent inven~ion is further described by the
examples which follow. Such examples, however, are not to ~e
con~trued as~limiting in an~ way either the spirit or the
scop~ o~ the present in~ention.
In the examplee, all ink jet printing Qvaluations were
lo donle using a Desk Jet 550 C color ink jet printer, Model
C212~.A, fro~ ~ewlett Packard Company, cama~, Wa~hington. Two
dif~erent test patterns were used to e~aluate print sharpness,
rat~ of ink drying, brillianc~ of color, and water resistance
o~ th~2 print:ed image. The firf;t test pattern consi~ted o~
bl~c~ font~ and a large $olid-printed "C" (4.6 cm by 4.8 cm).
The patt~rn wa~ used to evaluat~ print coverage and ~vGn~
of ink ~pplication. The large printed area also allowed
~ry:ing time comparisons. Th~ second test pattern involved a
four-color graphic print with large areas of red, greèn, blue,
and y~llow. Thi~ test pattern was used to evaluate the water
r-~:i$tance of the color print~.
Print quality testing consi~ted of tlt~ree parts. First,
ink ~bsorption wa~ e~timated by printing characters in colored
ink over on~ another. The printed area was r~bbed wit~ a
~5 fin~er and the degree o~ ink smearing wa~ judgQd visually.
The rate at which th~ printed sheet dried also was observed
and recorded. Second, dot sharpnQ~s wa~ determined by
obser~in~ in~ dot~ und~r a light microscope and okserving
smudging of the ~dge of the dot. Third, f~athoring was
de~rmin~d by obser~ing dirfusion of the inX into thQ
sub~trats away from the dot by means of an 8-power magnifica-
~io~l loo~.
Coating adhesion wa~ e~timated by applyinq a strip of
clear adhesivn tape to the coated unprint~d ~ur~ace and
applying fingertip pressur~ ~o th~ entire surface o~ the tap~.
The tap~ then was rapidly re~oved with a jerking motion. The
amount of coating adhering to t~e tape sur~ace was ~o~p~red
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CA 02222209 1997-12-11
~/20~a7 08:5~ ~770 5878880 ROSWELL rFGAL ~ b l 1
to other coatod paper~. ~ower amounts of coating adhering to
the tape were indicative of stronger adhesion o~ the coating
to 1;he ~ub~t~a~e surface.
Finally, water resistance was estimated by two met~ods.
First, a drop o~ tap water was applied to the printed area and
~llowed to remain on the printed area for 3 to 5 second~. The
drop then was~ lotted and wiped away using KleQnex~ tissue.
The degree of smearing on the printed sheet was observed, as
wQl]. ~ the amount of color tran~ferred to the tissue. Each
color was t~ed separ~tely and evalu~ted. Second, the
printed sheet was held under running tap water. ~he printed
sheet was then blotted dry as described above and observed for
color bleeding into adjacent areaS as well as color transfer
to the tissue.
E~ampl~ 1
A polypropylene synthetic printihg paper, Ri~dura~ FPG-
110 Synthetic Printing Paper from ~;m~erly-Clark Corporation,
Roswell, Georgia, was used a~ the substra~e. On- side of the
synth~tic pap~r was co~t~d with a composition consisting o~
62 percent by weight (lOo pa~ts by weight) o~ a silica having
an ~v~rage particle siZQ of 7.5 micrometers and a pore vol~me
o~ 1.2 cclg (Syloid 74X3SOO, W. R. Grace Company, ~altimore,
2S ~aryl~nd), 31 percent by w~ight (50 parts by w~ight~ latex
binder. ~Airflex~ 140, a vinyl acetatn-ethylenc copoly~er
available ~rom Air Products, AllQntown, Pennsylvania), 3
pQrcent by weight ~4.5 p~r~s by weight) of a nonionic
surf~ctant (Triton~ X-405, a polyethoxyl~-d octylphenol
avail~bloe fro~ Union Carbide Corporation, n~n~l~ry, Connec-
tic~t), and 4 p-rCent by weigh~ (4 parts by weight) of a
cationic polymer, an ~mide-epichlorohydrin copolymer (Reten
204LS supplied by ~ercul~s Inc., Wilmington, Delaware). The
resulting compo~ition had a ~olid~ conten~ Of 28 percen~ by
weight. The ~o po~ition w~s applied at a ~asis weig~t of 17
grams per square meter ~gsm) using a Meyer Rod and, upon
dryiny, formQd ~he fir~t coating.
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The coated substrate was evaluated for print quality,
coating adhesion and water resistance as described earlier.
The printed sheet had good ink a~sorption and dried rapidly.
Dot sharpness was good and no feathering was obserYed. The
she~t also had good coating adhesion. In the water resistance
test~, the printed sheet had only slight ~mearing and slight
color transfe~-
~x~pl~ 2
~ he procedure of ~xample 1 was repeated, except that thecationic polymer was a ~uaternary polycation synthetic organic
pol~er, Calgon 261 LV (Calgon corporation, Pittsburgh,
Pennsyl~ania). Print testing and adhesion results werQ th~L
sam~ a~3 ~eported in Example 1, except that, in the water
re~ist2nc~ tests, no ~earing or color transfer w~re observed.
E~a~pl~ 3 -
The procedure o~ Examplc~ 1 was repea~ed, except that thQ
subs;trate was an untreated cellulosQ web ~30--lb. bond pap~r
~ro~ Noeenah Paper, a division of Kimberly-Clark Corporation,
r~Ah, Wisconsin). Print ~oe~ting, first coating adhQsion,
and wat¢r resistanc~ werQ the same as in Example 1.
Z5
EYnmple ~
Th~ proc-dur~ o~ Example 1 was repeated, excep~ that thn
sub~trate w~s a lat~x-saturated cellulose web. Th~ wQb was
forme~ rrom a blend of 89 percent by wQight northern so~twood
pulp and 11 percent by weight o~ cedar pulp and had a basis
w~isht o~ 54 gsm. The web was ~aturat~d with 18 parts of an
acrylic latex per 100 parts o~ pulp on a dry w~ight basis.
Print tcsting, adhesion, and water resistanc~ wQrQ th~ samQ
3~ as in Exampl~ 1.
~ ~T
CA 02222209 l997-l2-ll
W O 97/01448 PCT~US96/1093g
Ex~ple 5
one hundred parts by weight (64 percent by weight) of a
calcium-modified silica pigment with an average particle size
of 7.5 micrometers and a pore volume of 1.2 cc/g (SMR 3-729,
W. R. Grace Company, Baltimore, Maryland), 50 parts by weight
(32 percent by weight) of a cationic latex binder, a clay-
reactive acrylic dispersion (Rhoplex P554, Rohm & Haas
Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), 4.5 parts by weight (3
percent by weight) of Triton~ 405 surfactant, and l part of
a modified cellulose viscosity modifier (Methocel 15A, Dow
Chemical, Midland, Michigan) were blended together to give a
coating composition containing 23 percent by weight solids.
Kimdura~ FPG-llO was coated with the composition and
tested as described in Example 1. The coated substrate showed
very poor ink absorption and poor dot sharpness. Feathering
was moderate. Coating adhesion was good, but water resistance
was poor with moderate smearing and excessive color transfer
to the tissue.
Example 6
The procedure of Example 5 was repeated, except that half
(50 parts by weight) of the silica was replaced with the
silica employed in Example 1. The resulting composition
contained 33 percent by weight solids. The coated substrate
had poor print quality and no water resistance.
~xample 7
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the
binder employed was Airflex~ 125, an anionic vinyl acetate-
ethylene copolymer (Air Products). The coated substrate had
good print quality, but the water resistance testing showed
slight smearing and slight color transfer.
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Ex~pl~ 8
Th~ procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the
amoumt of cationic poly~er was reduced to 5 parts by weight
(3 perc~nt by weight). The coated substrate had good print
quali.ty and coating adhesion, but the water r~sistance testing
~howed ~l~gh ~m~aring and slight color transfer
~ ~pl~ 9
The proce~ure o~ Example 1 wa~ repeated, ~xc~pt that the
amount of cationic polymer wa~ reduced to 3 pa~ts by weight
(2 ]?ercent by weight). The coated ~ubstrate had good print
quality and coating adhesion, but the water resistance testing
~howed moderate cmearing and excessive co~or trans~er.
EY~pl~ 10
Th~ proc~dure of Example 1 was rQp~ated, exc~pt that th~
bind~r employed was a nonionic acrylic latex ~nder (Rhoplex~
B-15P, Rohm ~ Haa~ ~_ ,?~y~. The composition coagulated and
cou:Ld not ~e u~ed to coat th~ su~strate.
~LmplQ 11
2S
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the
sur~actant was repl~ced with Triton~ X-100, a polyethoxylated
octylphonol (union Carbid~ Corporation). The resulting
compo~i~ion was too viscou~ ~or coating the substrate with a
Mey~r rod.
BY~mpl- 12
The procedure of Exampl~ 1 was repeated, except that thQ
suriEactant was replaccd wi~h Triton~ CF-lo~ a nonionic
alkylaryl polyether (Union Car~ide Corporation). Th~
13 -
~E~DED 9HE~T
CA 02222209 1997-12-11
W O 97101448 ~ PCT~US96/10939
resulting composition was too viscous for coating the
substrate with a Meyer rod.
- Bxample 13
The procedure of Example 11 was repeated, except that the
amount of Triton~ CF-10 surfactant was reduced to 3 parts by
weight (2 percent by weight). The coated substrate had good
print quality and good coating adhesion. Water resistance
testing showed no smearing and only very slight color
transfer.
Ex~mple 14
The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, except that the
amount of surfactant was reduced to 3 parts by weight (2
percent by weight). The coated substrate had good print
quality and good coating adhesion. Water resistance testing
showed no smearing and no color transfer.
While the specification has been described in detail with
respect to specific embodiments thereof, it will be appreci-
ated that those skilled in the art, upon attaining an
understanding of the foregoing, may readily conceive of
alterations to, variations of, and equivalents to these
embs~i -nts. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention
should be assessed as that of the appended claims and any
equivalents thereto.
- 14 -
