Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Descrij?tion
Wireless Comm~lniçations Method Utilizin~ Control Channels
Technic~l Field
The present invention relates to c~mm~lnications protocols and comm-mi~tion
5 systems, and more particularly to methods of wireless cnmm~mi~tion such as cellular
and satellite based commlln~ tiQns. The present invention also relates to
c~ tiQns a~ es desi~;n~d to 1, ~n.~l "i ~ and receive full duplex two-way
wireless radio digital data messages for data ex~h~n~;~7 continuous electronic monitorin~s~
(C_M), and Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry tracking.
1 0 Back~round Art
A variety of operation standards, methods and app~dluses have been proposed
in recent years for enabling a more efficient means of providing multiple voice and data
wireless tr~n.cmiccion services. These cellular wireless operations standards are broadly
known as Personal C~-mmllnif~tions Systems (PCS), Global System for Mobile
1 5 (GSM), and Fnh~n~ed Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR). Typically these cellular radio
cf-mmllnic~tiQns systems offer what is g~PnPr~lly called value added bearer services.
These services include two-way digital voice services, two-way paging, two-way point-
to-point short mPc~s~ging, broadcast mPss~Ps, voice mail, single number access, cell
broadcast point to omni-point services, electronic mail, and others. Other services
2 0 proposed include motor vehicle fleet m~n~gPmPnt motor vehicle anti-theft, and other
topographical coordinance systems that provide data location services. Currently these
services are offered by way of sending data packets over convc.l~ional circuit switched
voice traffic ch~nnel~. However, circuit ~7wilc~ g data packets is inefficient, unreliable,
and expensive. Other systems such as Cellular Data Packet Data (CDPD) opeMte on
2 5 existing analog and digital cellular networks. However, CDPD is ~ ellsive to apply to
a cellular network. CDPD ha~s an overly complicated protocol, and end user equipment
is expensive. Moreover, CDPD is not desi~nPd to handle short mess~ging very well, as
such systems are specifir~lly decigned for the purpose of tr~nsmitting and receiving
large data files from cf mplltPr to computer and other internet related operations.
3 0 There is a clear need for an efficient, accurate, robust and low-cost means and
method for providing two-way data packet mPc~ing for all cellular mobile radio
systems and personal comm-lni~ation systems (PCS) that exist in the world today. The
p;esent inventor's two-way data packet mec~gin~ system is clecignPd to provide a
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viable platform for impl~m~nting a wide ~ecLIu~l of value-added bearer services for
existing cellular mobile radio, personal commnnication systems (PCS), and globalsystems for mobile (GSM).
ni.e~los--re of Invention
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide the means and
methodology of using and applying ill~r~v~d data packet cc-mml-ni-~tiQns protocols
and data comml-nic~tions a~ l ..c~.s that are applicable to exi.etin ~ cellular mobile radio
networks also known as personal comml-nic~tion systems (PCS) and global system for
mobile (GSM) networks. It is another object of the present invention to provide
1 0 specialized data protocols that will operate .e~z~mle.e.~ly without having to .eigTlifiC~ntly
modify existing cellular network infrastructure. Furthermore, the present invention
~lr~m~ti~lly reduces the direct cost of impl--mt~nting a wide spectrum of value-added
bearer services that heretofore forced wireless network ope~ to spend millions of
dollars to impl~m~.nt inefficient data packet systems. The present invention provides for
1 5 a pristine and elegantly simple solution for providing value-added bearer services that
include but are not limited to synchro~ d, asynchronous, packet switched, packet~.e.eemhler/(li.ee~mhler access protocols that make possible; two-way data m~e.e~gin~,
two-way paging, motor vehicle fleet tracking, motor vehicle anti-theft, personnel
m~n~m~nt and tracking, remote sensing technology, electronic co~ nt, traffic2 0 management, global positioning system (GPS) data commnnic~tif)ns, point-of-sales,
wireless gambling, and numerous other applications. It is another object of the invention
to provide new data protocols that se~ml~s~ely fit within the highly efficient, robust and
high-speed existing access channel and control channel protocols without causingdisruption to exi.eting cellular wireless netwolk voice, and data traffic operations, and
2 5 normal control channel operation routines. Fullllellllore~ the present invention does not
.eignific~ntly impact any host cellular system capacity. In fact, the present invention does
not cause any swi~ g capacity problems. It is a stand-alone virtual data
cnmml-nit~.~tion network that does not need to utilize any part of the celluLar switch.
However, the present invention can be adapted and fully integrated with all cellular base
3 0 transceiver stations (BTS), base site controllers (BSC) and mobile ~wi~ lillg center
(MSC) ~wi~hillg and pr~ces.sing sch~mes, with simple operations software patches that
allow for recognition, prccçs.eing and routing of control channel application data
(CCAD) data packets. These special software patches are modifif~tione that implement
the present invention's means and mçthodology while at the same time ma~i...;,.;..g
3 5 system efficiency and minimi7:ing any potential impact upon cellular system capacity.
The present invention adds control channel application data words by tagging onto
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cellular system access protocols contslined within multi-word data packets that ll~ls~)ult
user information within registration protocols, origin~tion protocols, eqnirm~ntregistration protocols, home location register (HLR) access protocols, visitor location
register (VLR) access protocols, and other system m~n~gement and .cign~ling protocols.
5 These protocols are tr~ncmitted from application specific t~rmin~l.c and commnni~t~r.c
to cellular system base transceiver stations (BTS), base site controllers (BSC), mobile
~.wilcl~illg centers (MSC) and subsequently relayed and routed to the public switch
telephone networks (PSTN) and public land mobile networks (PLMN). CCAD data
words are created and ~n~cmittecl by the present invention's core appli~tion specific
1 0 cnmmnnic~tc-rs and trrmin~l.c for the purpose of sending global positioning system
(GPS) correlative reference data bits, and other tt~.rmin~l or application specific device
status bits to master central monitoring stations (MCMS) that process and relay said data
words to individual application specific service bearers and service facilit~tor.c.
The present invention also provides for full integration of application specific1 5 devices that are sepal,l~ data g~ .. ;rl,~ systems such as global pn.citionin~ system
ceiv~l~" motor vehicle anti-theft devices, fleet m~n~m~nt devices, gambling
termin~l.c, personnel m~n~mP.nt devices, stationary remote sensing devices, st~tion~ry
security systems, that are physically integrated to normal but modified cellular termin~l.c
or cnmmnni~tors. The present invention's c~.. l.. ~ic~tor.c and t~rmin~l.c are specially
2 0 designed to process, and send the status bits created by these sep~l~ but physically
integrated devices within control channel and system access channel multi-word packet
protocols. The present invention offers unique interface protocols that are progr~mmed
to provide a transparent integration of device status bits within control channel and
access channel bit fields that are normally used by cellular termin~l.c for host cellular
2 5 system access, registration, origin~tion and other related control channel and access
channel processes. In fact the present invention's application specific status bit fields are
sent .cimnlt~nçously with control ~h~nnP.l and access channel inf~ rm~tion bits, and are
virtually tr~ncp~rent to the host cellular system. However these status bits can contain all
sorts of ~lditinn~l information, such as motor vehicle and personnel; position, velocity,
3 0 direction, emergency status, home arrest status bits, security system status bits,
ellvi..,~"ll~nt~l monitoring sensorstatus bits, betting information, and many otherrelated
application specific status bits.
Accordingly it is a further object of the present invention to provide the meansand method of reading and processing these special application specific data words at
3 5 the cellular system base transceiver station (BTS) base site controller (BSC~, and mobile
switching center (MSC) without further taxing host cellular air-interf~e system and
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switch resource capacity. These special application specific data words are received,
scAnne~l, recognized and recorded at the base transceiver station (BTS), base site
controller (BSC), and mobile switching center (MSC), and then routed to central
monitoring, and to facilitator and service bearer service centers for direct int~r~ction with
5 the end user via the PSTN and PLMN networks.
Furthermore, the present invention provides for full duplex commnnic~tinn.c by
integrating paging receivers, cell broadcast receivers, forward control channel receivers,
digital traffic channel receivers and satellite receivers to the above mp~ntioned aprlic~qtion
specific cnmmnniç~tor. Special instruction or cnmm~n~l mP~ ~s are sent from the
1 0 Master Central Monitoring Station (MCMS) by electronic and man-machine ;..~ . ri1~e
termin~l~ via the PSTN/PLMN network to decignAt~ paging network controllers,
cellular network switching centers and satellite network controllers. Once received,
these cnmm~nd m~c.c~ges are processed and subsequently tran.cmitt~.d to one or many
application specific t~rmin~l.c or commnnicators via paging, cellular, and cell broadcast
1 5 base stations and other tr~n.~mi~.cion towers. Once the application specific cnmmnnic~tor
receives the special comm~n~i or instructional message, it is progr~mm~d to respond by
proce.~ing and recognizing the .ci~nific~nce of a particular comm~nd message andtrAn.cmit.s the response over control channels and access ch~nn~l.c in the he~ oro
mentioned manner.
2 0 Another important feature of the present invention is its ability to provide
accurate accounting, in that each CCAD data packet is considered an individual
trAn.~c.ticm, therefore the customer is charged for only the CCAD data packet sent and
processed. Cu-rrently~ if a data message only takes ten seconds to transmit, the cllstomt~r
is still charged for a full minute of air time. This practice is expensive and unfair to the
2 5 consumer.
Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the
description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be
learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be
realized and attained by means of the ~l~.m~nt.c and combin~tinn.c particularly pointed out
3 0 in the appended claims.
To achieve the fol~,~oing objects, and in accordance with the purposes of the
invention as embodied and broadly described herein, speciali~d data commllnic~tions
protocols and cnmmlmications a~l~al~uses are ~lesf~rihe~l which provide specialized
application specific data commnnic~tions for use with cellular mobile radio networks,
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personal comml-ni~tion systems (PCS) networks, global system for mobile (GSM) and
satellite system networks. The methodology ~lescribed herein is integrated and opel~les
within existing control ch~nn~ ign~ling channels, digital traffic çh~nn,~ , primary
digital access channels, secondary digital access channels, fast associated control control
5 channels (FACCH), a~lth~nti~ation ch~nnçl.c, slow associated control channels
(SACCH), and all other control channel protocols that utili~ FSK, TDMA, CDMA andother cellular network radio modulation platforms. Additional protocols and platforms
which the present invention may also be applied to are specific in official doc--m~nt.c
called Interim Standards published by the Telephone Industry Association (IIA), and
1 0 the European Tçl~.phc-nç Standard (ETS).
R.i~f Description of the Dl~wi.~
The accompanying drawings, which are incol~lul~led in and con~ti1l~t~ a part of
the specification, ill--s~t~ a p~ ,d embodiment of the invention and, tog~,lhel with a
general description given above and the detailed description of ~e ~rt;rell~d
1 5 embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Fig. 1, is a block diagram of a prGrt;ll~,d wireless commlmi~tionc method
showing the functional colllponell~. of the control channel appli~tion data
commnni~tion system, according to the invention.
Fig. 2, is a logic flow tli~m of the wireless cnmmnni~tiQn method,
2 0 according to the invention.
Fig. 3, is a control channel application data word block (1i~gr~m contained
within an autonomous regi ctr~tion data packet, according to the invention.
Fig. 4, shows a logic flow chart of the data packet procescing routine, according
to the i.~ lic,ll.
2 5 Fig. 5, is a block ~ m of four access and cûntrol ch~nn~l protocols used by
the invention, according to the invention.
Rest Mode for Carryin~ Out the Invention
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of
the invention as illllstr~t~d in the accompanying drawings. In describing the pl~r~ .~,d
3 0 embociimentc and applications of the present invention, specific terminology is
employed for the sake of clarity. However, the invention is not intended to be limited to
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the specific terminology so selected, and it is lmclerstood that each specific elPm~nt
inçlll(les all technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accnmplich a
similar purpose.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a wireless
5 cnmmllni~tion method, comprising: adding control channel application specific data
words to a wireless network by tagging said application specific data words ontocellular access protocols contained within a plurality of multi-word data packets which
transport user information within a selected protocol within said wireless network;
tr~n.cmitting said control channel application specific data words from an application
1 0 specific tPrmin~l and c~ mmnni~t~lr to a transceiver means, to a controller means, and to
~.wi~hillg means; and, relaying and routing said control channel application specific data
words to an exi.cting cnmmlmic~tion network.
There is also provided a wireless two-way data packet mPss~gin~ method,
cnmrri.cin~: adding control channel application data words to an existing wireless
1 5 cnmmllni~tion system by tagging said control ~hsmnPl application data words onto
access protocols cont~inP-I within a plurality of multi-word data packet~s which tldl~7~CI1 l
user information within a selected protocol within said wireless commllnin~tionc system;
tr~n.cmitting said control channel application data words from an application specific
tPrmin~l and commnni~tor to a transceiver means, to a controller means, and to a2 0 mobile switching means; and, relaying and routing said control channel application data
words to an existing ccmmnnic:~tion network.
The present invention also provides a wireless comm-lni~ti( n.c method,
cnmpri.cing: tr~ncmhting application specific status data bits .cimn~ .o~cly with control
channel and access channel data bits within a wireless cnmmnnic~tion.c system; and,
2 5 comkining additional data bits to said status data bits for col,veyillg application specific
data.
Referring to Fig. l, the method and a~&la~us of the present invention are
shown comprising a Control Channel Application Data (CCAD) co...lnll.-;ç~tinn system
including a commnni~tions tP.rmin~l lO0, a plurality of base ~ scei~,ei sites (BTS)
3 0 lOl, and base site controllers (BSC) 224. Also illnstr~tPd are a mobile switching center
(MSC) 104, an application specific data word packet processor l 15, which is preferably
located at each base transceiver site (BTS) lOl and each mobile switching center (MSC)
l 16, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) l lO, Tl carrier lO5, a l~n~llinP
telephone l 13, and a master central monitoring station (MCMS) 106. Regional
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procçs~ing center, facilitator bearer service providers (FAC) 120, and global positioning
Navstar satellites (GPS) 112 and Imnarsat P s~t~llitçs 114 are also shown. Cell
broadcast t~n~",illr:,~226, speciali~d control and access channel receivers 227, paging
network controllers (PNCC) 221, and satellite system network controllers 109 are5 operably linked to the system.
Preferably each base transceiver site (BTS) 101 and base site controller (BSC)
224 are identical to one another, or represent base transce*er sites (BTS) 101 that
operate as an integral part of any cellular mobile radio network, regardless of what
standard it is configured to be comr~tihle with, be it AMPS cellular, TACS cellular,
1 0 ETACS cellular, NMT cellular, TDMA cellular, CDMA cellular, and/or a global system
for mobile (GSM) cellular network system. The present invention Op~,~aleS in e~ssenti~lly
the same methodology regardless of what protocol and modulation format the control
channels, access ch~nn~lc and overhead cign~ling channels are c-)nfi~lred for, be it
digital or analog. Furthermore, the base transceiver sites (BTS), base site controller
1 5 (BSC), mobile switching centers (MSC), the PSTN and Tl/El spans are, preferably,
part of an existing cellular communic~tion system which operates over a ~lecign~t~d
cellular commnni~tionC band.
The MCMS 106 and FAC 120 which are CCAD system in.~ tions preferably
cnmpricç one or more colllpu~r t~rmin~l~ for processing data word p~c~t~, sçntling
2 0 comm~n-i instructions to the end user, and m~ g records. The MCMS and FAC
also contain standard telephone lines, GPS topography software and readout displays,
multiplexing switches, PSTN lines, Tl/El lines, and other standard central monitorin~
and service center eqnirm~nt well known in the art. As will be expl~inP.d in more detail
below, the BTS, BSC, MCMS and FAC process all receive CCAD data word packets
2 5 amd send all c~-mm~n~l and instruction data words by unique software programs
cont:~in~d within the processors and termin~lc located at these CCAD system
in~t~ tion~
In Fig. 2 a block ~ ~m of a CCAD mullet-word packet 103 is shown and how
it is preferably sent and processed at the BTS and MSC. This CCAD packet 103 is
3 0 configured for the FSK analog modulated reverse control channel (RECC) that is
typically utilized in such cellular radio system access protocols. For example, this
CCAD data packet utili~s a 48-bit word called the H word 140, that contains 36
inf~ rm~tinn bits and 12 parity bits and is specifically design~d to contain and carry
application specific data bits such as GPS correlation location position bits and other
3 5 status bit information. The RECC protocol allows for up to eight words to be sent in
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one RECC multi-word data packet. This same RECC data packet is an s~ Q~ OUS
registration packet with a total of five attached H words. Most applications will typically
require no more than two H words to be tr~ncmitt~d along with the other three
autonomous registration inforrnation words, however, certain CCAD applications will
require only one H word to be used, and others will require up to five H words. Some
digital access and control protocols allow for an Imlimit~d number of application specific
data packets to be attached to registration packets, f)ri in~tion packets, and other
~ignzlling packets. In still other cellular radio digital systems, application data packets
can be sent indepen~l~nt of all other access protocol routines, as long as a de~ n~tPd
1 0 cellular control channel and access channel operations standard are modified to allow for
sep~d~ and independent application specific data word packets to be tr~ncmitt.-d,
rece*ed, recogni~d and processed by the host cellular network. However, for purpose
of describing the means and methodology of the present invention, the FSK RECC 48-
bit multi-word packet will be the focus of this disclosure, for all control channel and
1 5 access channel protocols operate similarly, regardless of the mod~ ti~n scheme; be it
digital or analog, data throughput rate, or desi~n~t~l operating frequency.
Referring to Fig. 3, a block di~m of an FSK RECC 48-bit aul~"ulllous
registration data packet with one H word attached is shown, and depicts the three words
of this basic autonomous registration packet, and illllctr~t~s the cignific~n~e of each
2 0 information bit.
Seen also in Fig. 1, the CCA'D comm--ni~tiQn~ termin~l 100 is preferably
configured to operate within the parameters of AMPS, NAMPS, DAMPS, TACS and
ETACS cellular standards. The CCAD comm~mications ~rmin~l 100 transmits a CCAD
data packet 103 that is configured as an ~lltonomous registration data packet. The CCAD
2 5 packet is received by the BTS 101, via an individual sector ~ntenn~ 122, which is
directly attached to a control channel sector receiver 227, that converts air illtl ~- raçe
protocol to RS232 ~lectric~l protocol. The BSC 224 contains a special processor 115
that scans all control channel or access channel data packets and detects all CCAD data
packets. The present invention provides for a separate sector receiver 227 that is
3 0 ~tt~f~h~d in tandem along with a standard control channel BTS receiver. Furthermore,
this stand-alone receiver 227 is directly attached to a sepal~le and distinct CCAD data
packet processor 11~ that operates completely independent from the BSC processor224. In this way the present invention can operate and act independently from normal
control çh~nn~l data proc~cing routines. However, the present invention can operate
3 5 se~ml~s~ly without the need to add separate BTS and BSC hal.lw&.e and software.
Standard BSC software can be modified to recogni~ and process CCAD data packets
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_9 _
by simply utili7ing a software patch to existing BSC processor software to detect and
route CCAD data packets to the MSC 104 via T1/DSO pathways 105, that are provided
by the PSTN 110. This enables the host cellular network to utilize the present
invention's means and methodology without having to add one bit of BSC and BTS
5 hardware. Fu~ lllore, MSC 104 switch software can be pro~mmPd to receive and
recognize CCAD data packets and autom~ti~ y route said packets to the MCMS 106 via
Tl/DSO routinely used by the PSTN 110. In fact, the entire CCAD application specific
data m.o~ging system can be implPmentPd and integrated with any cellular I~Lwulh and
its operations standard with software patch modifications to any and all BTS, BSC and
1 0 MSCs without any need of adding separate hardware. However, certain cellularn~,lwolh operators may choose to implement CCAD technology without the nPces~ity of
modifying BSC, BTS and MSC operations software, yet still wanting the benefits of the
technology. Therefore the present invention provides a CCAD network overlay system,
that in fact creates a sepal~-le and distinct CCAD virtual network which operates in
1 5 tandem but ~ ly to the host cellular network. Fc~Pnti~lly the present invention's
s~,.~ ha d~alG and software virtual network approach operates exactly the same way
as a CCAD BSC, BTS and MSC software-only modification solution, the only
dirr~ e.lce to the software-only solution is the addition and inte~tion of radio lccei~ "
separ~te time division (TDM) mllltiplPxers, data processors and routers in conjunction
2 0 with BTS, BSC and MSC hardware and software.
Referring to Fig. 2, the CCAD data packet 103 is tr~ncmitt~d from the CCAD
c--mmllni~tions tPrmin~l 100, sector antenna 122 receives the data packet. A special
CCAD sector receiver 227 receives the CCAD data packet 103, along with all othercontrol channel and access channel data. The sector receiver converts the air intPrf~e
2 5 modulated protocol that contains the CCAD data packet 103 to RS 232 data protocol and
routes the data packet to the CCAD BSC mllltiplPxer 117, the multiplexer receives the
data packet and routes the packet to the CCAD main BSC processor 115. The processor
scans and detects only CCAD control charmel and access channel data and ignores all
other non CCAD data packets. Preferably, the processor passively scans and detects
3 0 CCAD data packets without causing disruption to any and all other control channel and
access channel operations. Additionally, the cellular network that is configured with
CCAD hardware and software ignores the H word and only recognizes the first three
words of this ?~utonomous registration packet. The H word is only relevant if the BSC,
BTS and MSC software is modified and configured to recognize the H word or any
3 5 other CCAD application specific data word. Otherwise the CCAD hal.lw~c; andsoftware virtual system operates totally separate to the host cellular network. Once the
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CCAD data packet is sc~nnt~d and detected, it is then routed to the D4 channel bank 121
and a ~leci n~ted D4 channel bank card 118. The D4 channel bank card converts
processor RS232 protocol into Tl/DSO protocol 105 and routes the CCAD data packet
via the PSTN 110 to the MSC 104, whereby the CCAD MSC processor receives the
data packet, processes, converts, and routes it to the MCMS 106 via the PSTN 110 for
proce~s~lng-
As further shown in Fig. 2, the multiplexer 117 can handle up to three sep~lc
sector receivers. For e~mrl~7 depicted here are three CCAD c~-mmnni~*ons tf-rmin~l~
100 that transmit three separate CCAD data packets, the multiplexer lcccives each one,
1 0 at slightly dirÇ~'clll time increments. Depending upon which of the three packets arrives
at the mllltirl~xer first, from the three sectors ~nt~nn~c and ;eceivers, the packet is then
sent to the processor 115 on a first come first serve basis. The mllltipl~xer issynclllolli~d to the cellular control channel access channel syncllloni;~lion clock to
m~int~in timing accuracy and ul~iÇul-llity. Sector ~nt~nn~c (a) 122, (b) 123, and (c) 124,
1 5 can fully load the sector receivers (a) 227, (b) 228 and (c) 229, with data packets and
the CCAD mnltirl~x~or will process all incoming data packets at full network traffic load
without loss of system efficiency or cause for overall system breakdown.
In Fig. 3, a block di~gr~m is shown that depicts the CCAD multi-word data
packet in the FSK RECC protocol. The A-word 125 contains 36 information bit~s,
2 0 however for CCAD data packet purposes the only bit fields PC1 Lillell~ are the mobile
identifi~tion number (M~) 128, the number of additional words coming (NAWC)
field 129, and the station class mark (SCM) 130 bit fields. The MIN number is the ten-
digit dircctory number ~cign~d to all mobile tPrrnin~lc. All mobile t~rmin~ including
CCAD cnmmnni~tionc t~rmin~lc are ~ccign~d an MIN number. The MIN number
2 5 uniquely i~lentifies the CCAD cnmmnni-~tions t~rmin:ll as bçlonging to a paying cellular
system user that is assigned to a specific cellular carrier which o~l~s in a ciesi n~ted
geographic area. The primary MrN number is made up of seven digits, as depicted in
the A word 125. CCAD commnnic~tions t~rmin~lc also have normal cellular tf rmin~l
voice capabilities like all other cellular commnnicators, and the MIN number provides
3 0 full duplex to the PSTN network and the assigned cellular terrninal. The B-word 126,
contains the three-digit area code 133 of the full MIN number. Additional information
contained in the B-word is the order qu~lifier code 134 and the order code 135. These
two code fields instruct the BSC to ~lrOllll various task~s. This particular order code
iOl lOlî tells the BSC that this data packet is an autonomous registration, therefore no
3 5 voice or traffic channel is requested. Since the RECC FSK protocol allows up to eight
words in one data packet, therefore utilizing five words for an autonomous registration
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dlata packet is completely acceptable. The A-word 124 contains an NAWC 129 field, in
fact all RECC FSK words contain an NAWC field. This field instructs the BSC to
expect a deci~n~tçd number of words to be counted and received in this particular data
packet. The A-word 125 NAWC field 129 tells the BSC to expect four additional words
to follow the first word received. In fact each word in~liç~t~e in its own NAWC field to
expect so many additional words to follow. In this way adding two or more H-words to
an ~ntonomous registration data packet works, thus transforming it into an applir~tion
specific data packet. This methodology is entirely acceptable to the protocol standards,
while at the same time ut li7ing this control channel and access channel data packet in an
1 O entirely new and innovative way.
As further shown in Fig. 3, the C-word is utilized principally as the electronicserial number (ESN) 136 word. Each CCAD commllnication.e termin~l has its own
electronic serial number. This number contains information that iden*fi~s the
m ~n, . r~-~wcl of the termin~l, and other pe~ cn~ information. The cellular provider uses
1 5 the ESN to also identify the user, for allth~ntir~*on and account verifir~tion
The present invention utilizes the ESN 136, SCM 137 and the MIN 128 as
in~iir~t~rs for the arol~."~ ioned sc~nning, recognition and iden*fir~*on process that
takes place at the BTS, BSC and MSC. These deeign~tPd bit fields are also utilized to
m~int~in an accurate tr~nc~rtion count when each CCAD data packet passes through the
2 O BTS, BSC, MSC, and MCMS. The facilitator and end user is charged for each CCAD
data packet sent from the CCAD c-)mmllnications t~rmin~l and no more. H[l] word
131, and H[2] word 132 are shown here to illustrate how each data field is utilized. For
e~mple in H[l] digl and dig2 fields 138 are used to identify each application to the
MCMS. Digl in~ t~e a 0 and dig2 in-lir~t~s a 2, that tells the MCMS that this
2 5 particular CCAD commnnir~*ons termin~l is ~eeign~l for ~leet tracking and is equipped
with a GPS receiver. Dig 3, dig4, and dig 5, 139 indir~t~e a 180-degree longitllde
location. Dig 6, dig7 and dig 8, 140 indicate more detailed longihl-l~ degree inform~*on
359.
The H[2] word 132 preferably also contains GPS information and other related
3 0 status information. For example, digl, dig2, dig3, and dig4, 141 indicate 36.30 degrees
l~titu<le DigS and dig 6, 142 in~1ic~te a 1 and 2, the MCMS recognizes from these
numbers that the motor vehicle this CCAD c-~mmnnic~*ons t~;min~l is installed in, is
traveling northwest, since the 1 intliç~t~e north and the 2 in~ tçs west. Dig7 and dig 8,
143 in~lic~t~ other status bits. These two fields can be used to signify a motor vehicle
3 5 anti-theft alarm status, or emissions status. The present invention's GPS fields can also
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- 12 -
be used to indiç~t~ any GPS application specific apparatus status for personnel
m~n~ment when a person is on foot, or traveling in a motor vehicle. This same
approach can be used for home arrest crimin~l tracking, employee tracking, m~
patient tracking, police officer tracking, child protection and other such applications.
5 The applications of such method are truly numerous and varied.
In Fig. 4, a logic flow diagram of the CCAD data packet is shown being
processed at the BTS, BSC, MSC and MCMS. The CCAD c~ mmnni~tions termin~l
100 transmits a CCAD data packet 103. INPUT 144 represents the BTS and BSC, oncereceived the CCAD data packet and all other data packets are mllltiplt~Y~d 145, sc~nn~d
1 0 and either rejected at No 147 and data tossed via Exit 148, or i~ntifi.od by electronically
det~cting the unique CCAD ESN, SCM and in some inct~n~es a special CCAD MIN
contained within the data packet, and accepted as Yes 149. The processor preferably
then creates a statistic 150, counts the transaction 151, records the tr~nc~cti~ n 152,
appends the sts3tisti~l record to the processed CCAD data packet 153, collvel~ the
1 5 CCAD data packet to Tl/DSO 154, and sends processed CCAD data packet to the
MCMS 106 via the PSTN exit 155. Once the CCAD data packet 103 is ~r~phi~lly
expressed in directed arrows from the termin~l 100 to the input 114, the packet is also
expressed as a block description CCAD P 103. The CCAD packet 103 arrives at the
MCMS, the data packet with appended statistics are e~min~d, recorded, processed and
2 0 various status ~el~, ...;..sltions are made. If the CCAD data packet contains GPS and
other pertinent infc-rm~tiQn that cignifi~s to the MCMS, a particular need to (a) update a
CCAD user's location, (b) send an alpha nnmP.rir mt ss~gt- to cause the user to perform
some manual function, and/or (c) send data command mçss~gP,c that cause the CCADcommnnic~tions termin~l to ~utQm~ti~lly respond to the comm~n~l by ~ c~.;ll;..g new
2 5 CCAD data packets in the aforementioned manner, then the MCMS sends a comm~n~l
and instruction message. The CCAD user can be instructed to hold his cnmmnni~tionc
tPrmin~l in such a way as to allow the GPS ~ntenn~ to have a clear line of sight to the
GPS Navstar s~t~llit~s orbiting the Earth. The GPS ~ntçnn~ is located in the flipout
portion of the termin:~l that typically acts as a microphone co~ , and allows the user
3 0 to simply hold the t~rmin~l until it receives GPS location correlations, and tells the user
by audio tonal beeping that a new position has been achieved.
As further shown in Fig. 4, the CCAD communications t~rmin~l can receive
comm~nflc, alpha numeric instructions, and other alpha numeric messages from various
commnniç~tions mecli~lmc The CCAD commnni~zltions termin~l can be equipped with a
3 5 paging receiver, a satellite receiver, a cell broadcast receiver, or the tPrmin~l can receive
the aforementioned messaging from the host cellular system's forward control channels,
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paging channels, overhead ch~nn~lc, and digital traffic and control ch~nn~lc. The
MCMS 106 can send instructions and comm~n~l mecc~g~s from a paging llG~WOll' 156,
or chosen satellite network such as Lmnarsat P 157, or by GSM cell broadcast point to
omni-point system 108.
Referring to Fig. 5, the present invention can utilize any control channel, access
channel and cign~ling channel protocol. For example, a CCAD data packet can be
tagged onto or integrated with an RECC FSK autonomous registration packet 107 with
a cont~in~d H word 140, an IS-54/IS-136 DAMPS TDMA access channel and control
channel data packet, with the application data H word contained in the FACCH field 160
1 0 and the user data field. Acl~ition~lly, the CCAD data packet H word can be cont~in~d
with an IS-95 narrowband spread spectrum control channel and access channel datafield 159. The H word can be made up of a 172-bit CDMA field 161, a l~-bit TDMA
user data field 164, and the FACCH field 160, contained within the same data frame.
The H word can also be made up of 184 FACCH GSM m~cc~ge bits 163 cont~inPd
1 5 within a standard GSM access channel and control channel TDMA word block 165. All
of these protocols utilize training sequence bits, tail ;elease bits, and are quite similar to
one another. The only marked dirrG~ ~es between each protocol ilhlstr~t.od here are the
modulation, data burst sch~m~s, data rates and syncl,, u~ ation routines that are used.
The method of the present invention and the means disclosed herein for the CCAD data
2 0 packet for each protocol is eccenti~lly the same. The methodology and means for
sc~nning, recognition, and procecsing CCAD data packets at the BTS, BSC, MSC andMCMS is ecsenti~lly the same for each protocol and operations standard listed here,
regardless of the modulation scheme, data rate, and overall operations standard.Whether a soflw~G-only solution, or a hardware and software solution, the present
2 5 invention's means and methodology can be applied to any and all cellular system control
channel, access channel and short m~cc~ging formats.
Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the
art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details,
,sc~ ive devices, and illllstr~tive examples shown and ~lçsçribed Accordingly,
3 0 de~ GS may be made from such details without departing from the spirit or scope of
the general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
