Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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PERSONAL CLEANSING COMPOSITION FOR ENHANCED DELIVERY
OF A HYDROPHOBIC ACTIVE
Background of the Invention
Basic skin cleansing activities h2ve been long addressed by the
personal care industry, Removing soil from the skin is a worldwide
requirement of the consumer population that has been met by the available
skin cleansing products. The consumer population is now looking for
additional benefits beyond basic cleansing. Skin conditioning i.e.
smoothness; texture, etc., is a desired characteristic and brought about
through the presence of emollients in a basic skin cleansing composition.
Additionally, the presence of components which bring about an antibacterial
effect on the skin are now becoming ever more acceptable and desirable by
the consumer population.
In order for these effects to be perceived by the ;.onsumer or
measurable to various degrees, there must be contact of the active ingredient
which brings about the effect with the skin. Therefore, increased deposition
of an active ingredient on the skin is certainly desirable since a greater
effect
should nerrnally follow and less active ingredient may be employed, thereby
potentially reducing the cost of the formulation.
Exemplary of the prior art in the follouring citations, WO 95!02388
discloses a dispersed phase fluid conditioning composition requiring (1 ) an
alkyl sulfate ~Nith or without ethoxylation; (2; an N-acylaminoacid anionic
surfactant and salts thereof; (3) a nonvolatile insoluble fluid conditioning
agent; (4) a crystalline suspending agent for the conditioning agent; and (5)
at least about 40 rvt°/a water , the total dispersion surfactant no
more than
about 3D wt°'o of the ccmposition.
WO 95/2231 1 discloses compositions having (1 ~ a surfactant; (2) a
benefit agent which maintains softness by retarding the decrease in water
content from the skin or hair; and 131 a deposition aid being a cationic
- 1 -
_. .~v .~.~_..,_ ___.._,_ _ ..__ . . . _....,., ,. " ,.
CAy~0223~6668~ 1998-OS-O1 '~' "" ' - -~
copolymer having a charge density in the range of 0.0001 to 0.05 eq/g an
average molecular weight greater than 2 million daltons.
W~ 95/26710 discloses a cleansing bar composition, the composition
is disclosed as depositing an effiective amount of lipid on the skin, the
solid
composition comprising (1) about 5 to 40 parts of a lipid skin moisturizing
agent; (2) about 10 parts to about 50 parts of a rigid crystalline skeleton
network structure consisting essentially of certain fatty acid soaps or a
mixture of said soap and certain fatty acid; (3~ about one part to 50 parts of
a lathering synthetic surfactant; and (4) about 1 D parts to about 50 parts
water.
EP Q 306 070 discloses a bathing composition comprising a nonionic
surfactant, an oily component, and a cationic polymer. It is disclosed as
preferred that the nonionic surfactant not b~e present in the composition in
greater parts than the oily component.
A new way of increasing the deposition of hydrophobic active
ingredients from skin cleansing compositions has bean discovered. This
z0 provides both liquid and solid skin cleansing compositions with the ability
to
deliver greater quantities of active ingredients to the skin during an
ordinary
skin cleansing procedure and/or maintain them vn the skin for a longer period
of time.
ZS . ummary of the Invention
In accordance with the invention, there is a personal cleansing
composition which comprises
a. a skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant or mixture of
surfactants.
- I(a) -
AMENDED SHEET
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b. a hydrophobic active component in quantities
which brings about a perceived effect on the skin, said
effect selected from the group consisting of skin
conditioning, skin protection from irritants and
antibacterial agents,
c. a hydrocarbon containing component, and
d. a cationic polymer
the quantities of c and d selected so that the effect on the
skin by component b is enhanced over the additive effects of
c and d alone.
Still further, there is a method for using the
above identified composition for skin cleansing.
A further composition is a personal cleansing
composition which comprises
a. about 9 to about 90 wt. o of a surfactant or
mixture of surfactants,
b. about 0.01 to about 10 wt. o of a hydrophobic
active component in quantities which brings about a
perceived effect on the skin, said effect selected from the
group consisting of skin conditioning, skin protection from
irritants and antibacterial agents,
c. about 0.5 to about 5 wt. o of a hydrocarbon
containing component, and
d. about 0.01 to about 3 wt. o of a cationic
polymer.
Tn a preferred embodiment of the invention, there
is provided a solid cleansing composition, wherein the solid
cleansing composition comprises: (a) from 70 to 90 wt.
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soap; (b) from 0.01 to 5 wt. o of a silicone; (c) from 0.5
to 5 wt. o of petrolatum; and (d) from 0.02 to 0.9 wt. o of
a cationic polymer of the composition.
In a further preferred embodiment, there is
provided a solid cleansing composition which comprises
(a) from 70 to 90 wt. o soap, (b) from 0.01 to 1.5 wt. o of
triclocarban or triclosan, (c) from 0.5 to 5 wt. % of
petrolatum, and (d) from 0.01 to 3.0 wt. o of cationic
polymer, of the composition.
In another preferred embodiment, there is provided a
liquid or gel cleansing composition comprising (a) from 1 to
30 wt. o of a surfactant or a mixture of surfactants, (b) from
O.Olo to 5 wt. % of a silicone, (c) from 0.5 to 5 wt. o of a
petrolatum, and (d) from 0.02 to 0.9 wt. o of a cationic
polymer, of the composition.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The compositions of this invention bring about an
increased perceived effect on the skin from known positive
skin affecting materials. Although not to be bound by this
theory, it is believed that this perceived effect is brought
about through the increased deposition of the skin affecting
material on the skin surface, or in such juxtaposition to
the skin surface that the material has an opportunity to
provide its effect. Thus, more of the material is available
to perform its specific action. Additionally, the material
may be held on the surface of the skin or in juxtaposition
to the skin for a longer period of time, thereby providing
an effect for a greater duration of
- 2a -
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time. Both of these effects may be present or only one. It is clear
therefore, that there are at least two parameters which are involved in
the increased perceived effect of the material on the skin. The first
effect is the activity of the material, for example, the degree of skin
conditioning, the reduced irritation of the skin and the reduced quantity
of measurable bacteria present on the skin. The second effect is the
duration of such activity as measured by time. This latter effect is
particularly important for a product whose composition is designed to
be removed from the skin such as a facial and hand wash, a shower gel,
1 0 and the like.
In line with the cleansing activity of the composition, there must
be a skin cleansing effective amount of a surfactant present in the
composition. Soap, a long chain alkyl or alkenyl, branched or normal
carboxylic acid salt such as sodium, potassium, ammonium or
substituted ammonium salt, can be present in the composition.
Exemplary of long chain alkyl or alkenyl are from about 8 to about 22
carbon atoms in length, specifically about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms
in length, more specifically alkyl and most specifically normal, or
2 0 normal with little branching. Small quantities of olefinic bonds) may
be present in the predominantly alkyl sections, particularly if the
source of the "alkyl" group is obtained from a natural product such as
tallow, coconut oil and the like.
2 5 Other surfactants can be present in the composition as well.
Examples of such surfactants are the anionic, amphoteric, nonionic and
cationic surtactants. Examples of anionic zwitterionic surtactants
include but are not limited to alkyl sulfates, anionic acyl sarcosinates,
methyl acyl taurates, N-acyl glutamates, acyl isethionates, alkyl
3 0 sulfosuccinates, alkyl phosphate esters, ethoxylated alkyl phosphate
esters, trideceth sulfates, protein condensates, mixtures of
ethoxylated alkyl sulfates and the like.
Alkyl chains for these surfactants are Cg-C22, preferably C10-
~ 3 5 C i $, more preferably C12-C ~ 4.
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Anionic nonsoap surfactants can be exemplified by the alkali
metal salts of organic sulfate having in their molecular structure an
alkyl radical containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms and a
sulfonic acid or sulfuric acid ester radical (included in the term alkyl
is the alkyl portion of higher acyl radicals). Preferred are the sodium,
ammonium, potassium or triethanolamine alkyl sulfates, especially .
those obtained by sulfating the higher alcohols (C$-C ~ 8 carbon atoms),
sodium coconut oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates;
sodium or potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of the reaction
1 0 product of 1 mole of a higher fatty alcohol (e.g., tallow or coconut oil
alcohols) and 1 to 12 moles of ethylene oxide; sodium or potassium
salts of alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfate with 1 to 10 units of
ethylene oxide per molecule and in which the alkyl radicals contain
from 8 to 12 carbon atoms, sodium alkyl glyceryl ether sulfonates; the
reaction product of fatty acids having from 10 to 22 carbon atoms
esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide;
water soluble salts of condensation products of fatty acids with
sarcosine; and others known in the art.
2 0 Zwitterionic surfactants can be exemplified by those which can
be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium,
phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic radicals
can be straight chain or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic
substituents contains from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and one
2 5 contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. A general formula for these
compounds is:
(R3)x
30 I
R2-Y(+)-C H2-R4~ (-)
wherein R2 contains an alkyl, alkenyl, or hydroxy alkyl radical of from '
about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide
3 5 moieties and from 0 to I glyceryl moiety; Y is selected from the group '
consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms; R3 is an alkyl or
mono~=-~ydroxyalkyl group containing 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; X is I
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when Y is a sulfur atom and 2 when Y is a nitrogen or phosphorus atom,
R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene of from 0 to about 4 carbon atoms
and Z is a radical selected from the group consisting of carboxylate,
sulfonate, sulfate, phosphonate, and phosphate groups.
Examples include: 4-[N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-
octadecylammonio]-butane-1-carboxylate; 5-[S-3-hydroxypropyl-S-
hexadecylsulfonio] -3 hydroxypentane-1-sulfate; 3-[P,P-P-diethyl-P
3,6,9 trioxatetradecyl- phosphonio]-2-hydroxypropane-1-phosphate;
3-[N,N-dipropyi-N-3 dodecoxy-2-hydroxypropylammonio]-propane-I-
phosphonate; 3-(N,N-di- methyl-N-hexadecylammonio) propane-1-
sulfonate; 3-(N,N-dimethyl-N-hexadecylammonio)-2-hydroxypropane-
1-sulfonate; 4-(N,N-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-(2 hydroxydodecyl)
ammonio]-butane-1-carboxyiate; 3-[S-ethyl-S-(3-dodecoxy-2-
hydroxypropyl)sulfonio]-propane-1-phosphate; 3-(P,P-dimethyl-P-
dodecylphosphonio)-propane-1-phosphonate; and 5-[N,N-di(3-
hydroxypropyl)-N-hexadecylammonioJ-2-hydroxy-pentane-1-sulfate.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants which can be used in the
compositions of the present invention are those which can be broadly
described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in
which the aliphatic radical can be straight chain or branched and
wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to
about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water solubilizing
group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate.
Examples of compounds falling within this definition are sodium 3-
dodecylaminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-
alkyltaurines, such as the one prepared by reacting dodecylamine with
sodium isethionate according to the teaching of U.S. Patent
No.2,658,072, N-higher alkyl aspartic acids, such as those produced
according to the teaching of U.S. Patent No. 2,438,091, and the products
sold under the trade name 'Miranol"*and described in U.S. Patent No.
2,528,.378. Other amphoterics such as betaines are also useful in the
present composition.
*Trade-mark
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Examples of betaines useful herein include the high alkyl betaines
such as coco dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, 1 auryl dimethyl
carboxy-methyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl alpha-carboxyethyl betaine,
cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2
hydroxyethyl)carboxy methyl betaine, stearyl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)
carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl gamma-carboxypropyl betaine,
lauryl bis-(2-hydro-xypropyl) alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, etc. The
sulfobetaines may be represented by coco dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine,
stearyl dimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, amido betaines,
to amidosulfobetaines, and the like.
Many cationic surfactants are known to the art. By way of
example, the following may be mentioned:
- stearyldimenthylbenzyl ammonium chloride;
- dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride;
- nonylbenzylethyldimethyl ammonium nitrate;
- tetradecylpyridinium bromide;
- laurylpyridinium chloride;
- cetylpyridinium chloride
- laurylpyridinium chloride;
20 - laurylisoquinolium bromide;
- ditallow(Hydrogenated)dimethyl ammonium chloride;
- dilauryldimethyl ammonium chloride; and
- stearalkonium chloride.
Additional cationic surfactants are disclosed in USP 4,303,543
see column 4, lines 58 and column 5, lines 1-42.
Also see CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 4th Edition
1991, pages 509-514 for various long chain alkyl cationic surfactants .
Nonionic surfactants can be broadly defined as compounds
produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in
3o nature) with an organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic
or alkyl aromatic in nature. Examples of preferred classes of nonionic
surfactants are:
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1. The polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, e.g.,
the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl
group containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in either
a straight chain or branched chain configuration, with
ethylene oxide, the said ethylene oxide being present in
amounts equal to 10 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide per mole
of alkyl phenol. The alkyl substituent in such compounds
may be derived from polymerized propylene, diisobutylene,
octane, or nonane, for example.
2. Those derived from the condensation of ethylene oxide with
the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide
and ethylene diamine products which may be varied in
composition depending upon the balance between the
hydrophobic and hydrophilic elements which is desired. For
example, compounds containing from about 40% to about
80% polyoxyethylene by weight and having a molecular
weight of from about 5,000 to about 11,000 resulting from
the reaction of ethylene oxide groups with a hydrophobic
base constituted of the reaction product of ethylene
2o diamine and excess propylene oxide, the base having a
molecular weight of the order of 2,500 to 3,000, are
satisfactory.
3. The condensation product of aliphatic alcohols having from
8 to 18 carbon atoms, in either straight chain or branched
chain configuration with ethylene oxide, e.g., a coconut
alcohol ethylene oxide condensate having from 10 to 30-
moles of ethylene oxide per mole of coconut alcohol, the
coconut alcohol fraction having from 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
Other ethylene oxide condensation products are ethoxylated
3o fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols (e.g., Tween* 20-
polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate).
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CA 02236668 1998-08-17
4. Long chain tertiary amine oxides corresponding to the
following general formula:
R1R2R3N-~O
wherein R 1 contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxy alkyl
radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to
about 10 ethylene oxide moieties, and from 0 to 1 glyceryl
moiety, and, R2 and R3 contain from 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl,
ethyl, propyl, hydroxy ethyl, or hydroxy propyl radicals. The
1o arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a
semipolar bond. Examples of amine oxides suitable for use
in this invention include dimethyldodecylamine oxide, oleyl-
di(2-hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide,
dimethyldecylamine oxide, dimethyltetradecylamine oxide,
3,6,9 trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-
hydroxyethyl)-tetradecylamine oxide, 2-
dodecoxyethyldimethylamine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-
hydroxypropyldi(3-hydroxypropyl)amine oxide,
dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
20 5. Long chain tertiary phosphine oxides corresponding to the
following general formula:
RR' R" P+Q
wherein R contains an alkyl, alkenyl or monohydroxyalkyl
radical ranging from 8 to 20 carbon atoms in chain length,
from 0 to about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1
glyceryl moiety and R' and R" are each alkyl or
monohydroxyalkyl groups containing from 1 to 3 carbon
atoms. The arrow in the formula is a conventional
representation of a semipolar bond. Examples of suitable
3o phosphine oxides are: dodecyldimethylphosphine oxide,
tetradecylmethylethylphosphine oxide, 3,6,9-
trioxaoctadecyldimethylphosphine oxide,
cetyldimethylphosphine oxide, 3-do~iecoxy-2-
hydroxypropyldi(2-hydroxyethyl) phosphine oxide
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stearyldimethylphosphine oxide, cetylethyl propylphosphine
oxide, oleyldiethylphosphine oxide, dodecyldiethylphosphine
oxide, tetradecyldiethylphosphine oxide,
. dodecyldipropylphosphine oxide,
dodecyldi(hydroxymethyl)phosphine oxide, dodecyldi(2-
hydroxyethyl)phosphine oxide, tetradecylmethyl-2-
hydroxypropylphosphine oxide, oleyldimethylphosphine
oxide, 2-hydroxydodecyldimethylphosphine oxide.
6. Long chain dialkyl sulfoxides containing one short chain
alkyl or hydroxy alkyl radical of 1 to about 3 carbon atoms
(usually methyl) and one long hydrophobic chain which
contain alkyl, alkenyl, hydroxy alkyl, or keto alkyl radicals
containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to
1 5 about 10 ethylene oxide moieties and from 0 to 1 glyceryl
moiety. Examples include: octadecyl methyl sulfoxide, 2-
ketotridecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3,6,9-trioxaoctadecyl 2-
hydroxyethyl sulfoxide, dodecyl methyl sulfoxide, oleyl 3-
hydroxypropyl sulfoxide, tetradecyl methyl sulfoxide, 3
2 0 methoxytridecylmethyl sulfoxide, 3-hydroxytridecyl methyl
sulfoxide, 3-hydroxy-4-dodecoxybutyl methyl sulfoxide.
Any quantity of surfactant or mixture of surfactant which brings
about a skin cleansing effect can be employed in the composition of
25 this invention. Generally, at least about 1 wt.% of the composition
should be surfactant (a). Preferred minimums of at least about 3, 5, 7,
10, 20 and 30 wt.% surfactant(s) can be present in the composition.
Maximum quantities of surfactants) depends upon the physical mixture
of the composition being employed as well as the amount of
3 0 components b, c and d therein. Generally, no more than about 95-97
wt.% surfactant(s) are present, specifically no more than about 90 wt.%
surfactant(s). Maximum quantities of about 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80,
- or 85 wt.% surfactant(s) can also be readily employed.
~ 3 5 Component b is the hydrophobic material which provides the
perceived effect to the skin. As used in this specification
"hydrophobic" means a material which is more lipid soluble, that is non
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aqueous soluble, than aqueous soluble. It is preferred that the
materials have little solubilitywater and essentially nonionic in
in are
character as opposed to ionic. h materials include but
Examples of suc
are not limited to emollients,antimicrobialagents, sunscreens,
fragrances, fungal agents,and anti inflammatory
insect repellents,
anti
agents.
Illustrative examples of emollients which are included within
this invention are the long chain saturated or unsaturated fatty acids
such as lauric, oleic, myristic, palmitic, stearic, branched as well as
normal, silicones such as dimethyl silicones, methyl phenyl silicones,
methyl higher alkyl silicones with the second alkyl group up to about
25 carbon atoms propoxylated silicones, all the silicones having a
minimum viscosity of about 15,0000 centistoke, preferably about
40,000 centistoke and a maximum viscosity wherein the silicone
remains fluid and is not yet a gum, lanolins, esters such as branched
esters, for example, ethylhexyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate,
isopropylmyristate, hexadecyl isodecyl or isopropyl ester of adipic,
lactic, oleic, stearic, isostearic, myristic or linoleic acids; saturated
2 0 and unsaturated fatty alcohols such as squalene and squalane, behenyl
alcohol, hexadecanol; long chain esters such as stearylstearate,
decylpalmitate, dodecyleicosanate and the like. Silicone gums are
specifically excluded from this composition.
2 5 Examples of antibacterial agents which can be employed are the
dicarbanilides, for example, triclocarban also known as
trichlorocarbanilide CAS No. 101-20-2, triclosan, a halogenated
diphenylether having CAS No. 3380-34-5, generally available as DP-300
from Ciba-Geigy; hexachlorophene, 3, 4, 5 - tribromosalicylanilide, and
30 salts of 2-pyridinethiol-1-oxide.
Organic sunscreens which act to ameliorate the effects of
ultraviolet radiation on the skin can also be present in the composition.
Illustrative examples of such materials include but are not limited to
35 benzophenone, p-aminobenzoic acid, and octyldimethylparaamino
benzoate.
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The delivery system which brings about the enhanced deposition
of the active hydrophobic skin affecting component b of the
composition is a combination of the hydrocarbon containing component,
c, and a cationic polymer, d.
Component c can be a typical hydrocarbvnaceous material such as
a wax, petrolatum, mineral oil, beeswax, a "permethyl" made up of
longer chain branched hydrocarbons available from Permethyl
Corporation. Permethyls* are of the general formula
CH3 CH3
I
CH3 (- C - CH2-)n CH - CH3
I
CH3
1o where n can vary from about 4 to over 200. Products where
n = 4, 16, 38, 214, respectively, are marketed as Permethyi*102A,t04A,
106A and 1082A.
The petrolatum useful in the present invention can be any grade of
white or yellow petrolatum recognized in the art as suitable for human
application. Preferred petrolatum are those with a melting point in a
range of from about 35° C to about 50° C. The petrolatum of the
composition can include hydrocarbon mixtures formulated with mineral
oil and/or in combination with paraffin waxes of various melting
'points; all in small quantities compared to the petrolatum. A
2o petrolatum without additional materials is preferred. Examples of
waxes, particularly useful in solid compositions are microcrystalline
waxes, generally those waxes which are known as paraffin wax,
beeswax, and natural waxes derived from vegetables.
Cationic polymers is that generic class of materials which
generally provide a positive skin feel to the skin during cleansing
application, rinse off, and thereafter.
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Cationic polymers includes but are not limited to the following
groups:
(I) cationic polysaccharides;
(II) cationic copolymers of saccharides and synthetic .
cationic monomers, and
(III) synthetic polymers selected from the group consisting ,
of:
(A) cationic polyalkylene imines
(B) cationic ethoxy polyalkylene imines
(C) cationic polyjN-[3-(dimethylammonio)propyl]-
N'[3-(ethyleneoxyethylene
dimethylammonio)propyl]urea dichloride]
(D) in general a polymer having a quaternary
ammonium or substituted ammonium ion.
The cationic polysaccharide class encompasses those polymers
based on 5 or 6 carbon sugars and derivatives which have been made
cationic by engrafting of cationic moieties onto the polysaccharide
backbone. They may be composed of one type of sugar or of more than
2 0 one type, i.e. copolymers of the above derivatives and cationic
materials. The monomers may be in straight chain or branched chain
geometric arrangements. Cationic polysaccharide polymers include the
following: cationic celluloses and hydroxyethylcelluloses; cationic
starches and hydroxyalkyl starches; cationic polymers based on
2 5 arabinose monomers such as those which could be derived from
arabinose vegetable gums; cationic polymers derived from xylose
polymers found in materials such as wood, straw, cottonseed hulls, and
corn cobs; cationic polymers derived from fucose polymers found as a
component of cell walls in seaweed; cationic polymers derived from
30 fructose polymers such as Inulin found in certain plants; cationic
polymers based on acid-containing sugars such as galacturonic acid and
glucuronic acid; cationic polymers based on amine sugars such as
galactosamine and glucosarnine; cationic polymers based on 5 and 6
membered ring polyalcohols; cationic polymers based on galactose
3 5 monomers which occur in plant gums and mucilages; cationic polymers
based on mannose monomers such as those found in plants, yeasts, and
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CA 02236668 1998-08-17
red algae; cationic polymers based on galactommannan copolymer
known as guar gum obtained from the endosperm of the guar bean.
Specific examples of members of the cationic polysaccharide
class include the cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose JR 400 made by Union
Carbide Corporation; the cationic starches Stalok~ 100, 200, 300, and
400 made by Staley, Inc.; the cationic galactomannans based on guar
gum of the Galactasol*800 series by Henkel, Inc. and the Jaguar*Series
by Celanese Corporation.
The cationic copolymers of saccharides and synthetic cationic
to monomers useful in the present invention encompass those containing
the following saccharides: glucose, galactose, mannose, arabinose,
xylose, fucose, fructose, glucosamine, galactosamine, glucuronic acid,
galacturonic acid, and 5 or 6 membered ring polyalcohols. Also
included are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl
derivatives of the above sugars. When saccharides are bonded to each
other in the copolymers, they may be bonded via any of several
arrangements, such as 1,4-a; 1,4-t3; 1,3-a; 1,3-f3 and 1,6 linkages. The
synthetic cationic monomers for use in these copolymers can include
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, dimethylaminoethylmethyacrylate,
2o diethyldiallylammonium chloride, N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialklyl ammonium
halides, and the like. A preferred cationic polymer is Polyquaternium* 7
prepared with dimethyldialkylammonium chloride and acrylamide
monomers.
Examples of members of the class of copolymers of saccharides
and synthetic cationic monomers include those composed of cellulose
derivatives (e.g. hydroxyethyl cellulose) and N,N-diallyl,N-N-dialkyl
ammonium chloride available from National Starch Corporation under
the trade-mark Celquat.
Further cationic synthetic polymers useful in the present
3o invention are cationic polyalkylene imines, ethoxypolyalkelene amines,
and poly{N-[3-(dimethylammonio)-propyl]-N'-[3-(ethyleneoxyethylene
dimethylammoniumo)propyl]urea dichloride] the latter of which is
available form Miranol Chemical Company, Inc. under the trademark
* -13-
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62301-2023
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Miranol A-15, CAS Reg. No. 68555-336-2. Preferred cationic polymeric
skin conditioning agents of the present invention are those cationic
polysaccharides of the cationic guar gum class with molecular weights
of 1,000 to 3,000,000. More preferred molecular weights are from
2,500 to 350,000. These polymers have a polysaccharide backbone
comprised of galactomannan units and a degree of cationic substitution
ranging from about 0.04 per anydroglucose unit to about 0.80 per
anydroglucose unit with the substituent cationic group being the adduct
of 2,3-epoxypropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride to the natural
polysaccharide backbone. Examples are JAGUAR*C-14-S, C-15 and C-
17 sold by Celanese Corporation, which trade literature reports have
1 % viscosities of from 125 cps to about 3500 ~ 500 cps.
Still further examples of cationic polymers include the
polymerized materials such as certain quaternary ammonium
salts, copolymers of various materials such as hydroxyethyl
cellulose and dialkyldimethyl ammonium chloride, acrylamide
and beta methacryloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methosulfate,
the quaternary ammonium salt of methyl and stearyl
dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl
2o sulfate, quaternary ammonium polymer formed by the reaction
of diethyl sulfate, a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethyl
aminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized guars and guar gums and
the like. Exemplary of cationic polymers which can be used to
make the complexes of this invention include, as disclosed in
the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary (Fourth
edition, 1991, pages 461-464); Polyquatemium*-1, -2, -4 (a
copolymer of hydroxyethylcellulose and diallyidimethyl
ammonium chloride), -5 (the copolymer of acrylamide and beta-
methacrylyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium methosulfate), -6 (a
3o polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride), -7 (the
polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of acrylamide and
dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride monomers, -8 (the
polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of methyl and stearyl
dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with dimethyl
sulfate), -9 (the polymeric quaternary amr~~onium salt of
polydimethylaminoethyl methacrylate quaternized with methyl
* _14.
Trade-mark
62301-2023
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bromide), -10 (a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of
hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a trimethyl ammonium
substituted epoxide), -11 (a quaternary ammonium polymer
formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of
vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate), -12 (a
polymeric quaternary ammonium salt prepared by the reaction of
ethyl methacrylate/abietyl methacrylate/diethylaminoethyl
methacrylate copolymer with dimethyl sulfate), -13 (a
polymeric quaternary ammonium salt prepared by the reaction of
ethyl methacrylate/oleyl methacrylate/diethylaminoethyl
methacrylate copolymer with dimethyl sulfate), -14, -15 (the
copolymer of acrylamide and betamethacrylyloxyethyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride), -16 (a polymeric quaternary ammonium
salt formed from methylvinylimidazolium chloride and
vinylpyrrolidone), -17, -18, -19 (polymeric quaternary
ammonium salt prepared by the reaction of polyvinyl alcohol
with 2,3-epoxy-propylamine), -20 (the polymeric quaternary
ammonium salt prepared by the reaction of polyvinyl octadecyl
ether with 2,3-epoxypropylamine), -22, -24 a polymeric
2 0 quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted
with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide), -27 (the
block copolymer formed by the reaction of Polyquaternium-2
(q.v.) with Polyquaternium-17 (q.v.)), -28, -29 (is Chitosan (q.v.)
that has been reacted with propylene oxide and quaternized with
2 5 epichlorohydrin), and -30.
The preferred surfactant is an anionic surfactant such as soap,
alklyisethionate such as sodium cocoylisethionate, a sulfonate, a
sulfate (optionally ethoxylated) and the like.
The anionic surfactant can be present in the composition in
various preferred quantities beyond those general quantities previously
~ discussed for all surfactants of from about 1 to about 96 wt.%,
specifically about 5 to about 85 wt.%. With respect to liquid,
3 5 preferably aqueous, compositions, the anionic surfactant is from about
2 to about 20 wt.% of the composition, specifically about 5 to about 15
wt.%. For a solid composition, the anionic surfactant can be from about
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to about 90 wt.%, preferably from about 10 to about 50 wt.% for a
"syndet" bar, about 55 to about 80 wt.% for a "combat", and about 70 to
about 90 wt.%, more preferably about 75 to about 85 wt.% in a solid
composition wherein there is only one anionic surfactant therein, such
5 as soap.
The quantity of component b, the hydrophobic agent, varies
considerably depending upon the function it carries out in the
composition. Quantities of from about 0.01 to about 10 wt.% of the
composition can be employed as long as there is a perceived skin
affect. Generally, the lesser ranges are directed to materials which
are effective in very low quantities such as the antibacterial agents.
For example, both triclosan and trichlorocarbanilide are effective at
quantities of from about 0.01 to about 1.5 wt. % of a composition,
preferably a solid composition. Preferred quantities of these materials
are from about 0.05 to about 1.4 wt.%, more preferably from about 0.1
to about 1.0 wt.%. At the higher end of the wt.% range are generally
grouped materials which are used in quantities of about 1.0 to about 10
wt.% such as free fatty acid and esters, particularly in a solid
2 0 composition. Preferred ranges are from about 2 to about 8 wt.%.
Hydrophobic agents useful in the broad range are materials such as
silicones, preferably dimethylsiloxane with a minimum viscosity of
about 15,000, preferably about 40,000 centistokes. The silicones are
preferably employed in solid compositions and not only can bring about
2 5 a better "skin feel" but also bring about a measurable, real protection
of the skin through the conservation of water in the skin. Quantities of
silicones are from about 0.5 to about 10 wt.% of the composition,
preferably about 0.75 to about 4 wt.% and more preferably about 1.0 to
about 3.0 wt.% of the composition.
Component c of the composition is the hydrocarbon containing
material which together with component d, the cationic polymer, brings
about an increased perceived effect of the component b material on the '
skin. It is believed that the increased perceived effectiveness is due to
3 5 the increased deposition component c onto the skin. Various '
components can be used as component c in this invention. For example,
such materials include petrolatums, microcrystalline waxes, paraffin
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waxes, permethyls as previously described. Microcrystalline waxes are
well known materials well described in numerous references.
Petrolatums are preferred in the compositions of this invention,
, particularly solid compositions. These are mixtures of hydrocarbons
with various softening points or ranges. The quantity of component c
_ can vary from about 0.1 to about 10 wt.% of the composition. Generally,
from about 0.25 to about 4 wt.% is preferred.
Component d is the cationic polymer. Most preferred cationic
polymer families are the non cellulosic, non sugar containing cationic
polymers, for example, those designated as Polyquat 6 and Polyquat 7
in the CTFA International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, 4th edition
1991, respectively polymeric dimethyl diallylammonium chloride and
the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of acrylamide and dimethyl
diallyl ammonium chloride. The quantity of the cationic polymer is an
effective amount together with the component c material to bring
about an improved perceived skin effect. In general, quantities of from
about 0.01 to about 3.0 wt.% of the composition is cationic polymer,
preferably from about 0.02 to about 0.9 wt.% and most preferably from
2 0 about 0.05 to about 0.75 wt.%. In general, it is preferred that the
quantities of components c and d together bring about a greater
perceived effect than that effect achieved with component c alone and
component d alone.
2 5 The physical nature of the composition is not critical and can be a
solid, liquid or gel. If a solid, it is preferred that the component b is a
silicone. The amount of moisture in the solid can be about 6 to about
22 wt.%. The compositions are in general made by standard skin
cleansing composition techniques. However, in order to maximize the
3 0 benefit received from the inventive composition, it is preferred to mix
component b, c and d together initially before having any of these
components in contact with any other materials present in the
composition, particularly component a. °1t is most preferred to mix
components b and c and then add the component d to the mixture of b
3 5 and c. As a further illustration, when making a solid composition such
as a bar, it is preferred to add the b, c and d premanufactured mixture
to one or more of the other materials of the composition in an
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amalgamator, particularly when component b is a silicone or an
antibacterial agent. With respect to temperature at the time of
addition, it is preferred to add at the amalgamation step at about 20-
30°C, essentially room temperature, but can be done at a higher
temperature such as about 80-85° C in a crutcher, particularly when a
silicone is employed as component c.
Below is a standard method of preparation for the invention when
a solid composition is desired.
Solid Composition
Wt.°°
Soap Chips 94.82%
(85/15, tallow/coco soap 10% moisture)
0.7%
1 5 Petrolatum 1.4%
Polyquat 7 (8% active) 1.4%
Citric Acid (50% soln.) 0.15%
Ti 02 0.5%
Preservatives and fragrance 1.03%
TCC is dispersed in petrolatum and Polyquat 7 is then added. This
mixture is added to the soap chips in an amalgamator at 25-28°C,
followed by titanium dioxide, preservatives and fragrance. The soap
chips are milled three times, plodded and pressed into soap bars.
Below is a standard method of preparation when a liquid
composition is desired.
Liquid Composition
3 0 Part 1
SLES-2 (25.6%) 9.0%
Preservative 0.1%
Sodium Cumen~ Sulfonate (43%) 7.0% '
3 5 Part 2
Anti dandruff agent 0.5%
Cocoamidopropyl Betaine (30%) 9.0%
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Polyquat 6 (40%) 1.0%
Polyquat 7 (8%) 1.0%
Part 3
Isosteareth-2 0.8%
C-20-40 alcohol 4.0%
Distearyldimethyl Ammonium 0.5%
Chloride
Perm ethyl-106A 2.0%
1 0 DP-300 1.0%
Part 4
Sodium Phosphate Dibasic 0.2%
Dimethicone 60,000 cSt 4.0%
1 5 P rese rvative 1.0%
Frag rance 0.5%
W ate r Q.S.
All the ingredients in part 1 are mixed at 20°C-25°C. The
mixture is then heated to 85°-90°C and the components in part 2
are
added stepwise to part 1 while maintaining the temperature. The
ingredients of part 3 are mixed separately and the mixture is heated to
90°-92°C until the solution turns clear/hazy. This mixture is
then
added to a combination of part 1 and 2. This is followed by the addition
of sodium phosphate dibasic and dimethicone at 75°C and preservative
and fragrance at 35°C to part 1, 2 and 3.
3 0 Below are examples of the invention. Comparison examples of the
invention and control experiments are also included. These examples
are intended to illustrate the scope of the invention and are not
intended to unduly limit the scope of the invention.
3 5 In the examples below, the following abbreviations are used:
TCC - Triclocarban, CAS No. 101-20-2,
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-N'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea
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DP300 - Triclosan, CAS No. 3380-34-5,
5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol
Permethyl 104a - the polyisobutene of the prior formula in the ,
specification wherein n is 16.
Polyquat 6 - a polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.
Present in compositions as a 40 wt.% active in water.
Polyquat 7 - a copolymer of acrylamide and dimethyl
diallylammonium chloride monomers. Present in compositions as an 8
wt.% active in water.
Petrolatum snow white, CAS Number 8009-03-8.
Soap - the sodium salt of fatty acids derived from tallow and/or
vegetable oil in certain weight percents.
Silicone - a dimethylpolysiloxane having a viscosity of abut
2 0 60,000 centistokes.
Following is the methodology employed in the test systems) used
in the Examples below:
2 5 Deposition on Pig Skin
Materials and Methods
skin Sample:
30 Full-thickness skin from 3-6 month old male Yucatan swine was
obtained. The animals were raised under controlled environmental
conditions and fed a special diet to maintain a relatively constant
stratum corneum lipid composition. The skin was carefully removed '
from the euthanized animal by a veterinarian and immediately frozen in
3 5 liquid nitrogen.
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The frozen skin was allowed to thaw to room temperature prior
to careful removal of the subcutaneous fat using a sharp scalpel. The
tissue was rinsed with "millipore" water, water of ultra purity, and cut
into squares of approximately 1.5 sq. in. The skin then wrapped in
plastic wrap and frozen until required.
Preparation of Soap Samples:
A soap chip was pre-milled through a laboratory scale 3-roll mill.
The additives were added to the soap chip and mixed well. The soap
chip was then milled three times through a 3-roll mill to ensure a
uniform product. Soap solutions (5%) were prepared using the milled
soap chip and water having 100 ppm of hardness [Ca,Mg~.
Sample Stake:
A specially designed metallic sample stage as substantially
shown and described in Hilliard (Clairol) U.S. Patent No. 4,836,014 was
used for treatment of the skin samples. The sample stage allows
2 0 simultaneous treatment of twelve samples with a uniform area of skin
exposed to treatment (about 5.72 cm2). The bottom plate consists of
twelve wells with twelve corresponding wells on the top plate. The
sample stage is held together via wing-nut screws.
Experimental Procedure:
The skins were removed from the freezer and allowed to defrost
at room temperature for approximately 0.5 hour. Once defrosted, the
skins were rinsed with several milliliters of ultrapure water. The
3 0 skins were then mounted on the sample stage with the stratum corneum
facing up and clamped tightly into place.
The following procedure was employed for deposition of silicone,
TCC and DP-300:
Two milliliters of the 5% (by weight) soap solutions were
pipetted onto each skin specimen. The entire sample stage was covered
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with aluminum foil to prevent evaporation during treatment. The
sample stage was placed in a temperature-controlled shaker (Lab-Line
Instruments) equilibrated at the desired temperature (50° C for 93
wt.% soap, 7 wt.% free fatty acid, 60 wt. % of the soap derived from
tallow and 40 wt.% of the soap derived from coconut oil abbreviated as
60/40/7 and 60° C for 85/15 soap bases wherein 85 wt.% is derived
from tallow and 15 wt.% is derived from coconut oil with no additional
free fatty acid). The speed of rotation was set to 50 rpm and the
specimens were treated for 1 hour. Following treatment, the soap
solutions were pipetted off the skin specimens and each specimen was
then rinsed three times with 1.5 ml aliquots of ultrapure water.
Silicone deposition on the skin specimens was determined by the
following procedure: 1.5 ml aliquots of kerosene were added to each
specimen and were subsequently treated for 5 minutes in the
temperature-controlled shaker equilibrated at 25° C and set to a shaker
speed of 75 rpm for five minutes. Following treatment, the solutions
were pipetted off each specimen and into vials. These silicone
extractions were repeated two additional times and extraction
2 0 solutions combined for a given specimen. Silicone concentrations were
determined by ICP (inductively Coupled Argon Plasma) analysis.
The procedure for extracting TCC and DP-300 from the skin
specimens was the same as that for silicone with the following
2 5 modifications: 1 hexane: 1 chloroform: 2 isopropanol (by volume) was
used in place of kerosene to extract the antibacterial actives from the
specimens. Treatment times were decreased from 5 minutes to 3
minutes to minimize evaporation of the solvent system. A total of 4
extractions instead of 3 for the silicone were performed for each
3 0 specimen. TCC and DP-300 concentrations of the extracts were
determined by UV absorption spectroscopy using e265 nm - 0.14289
ppm-1 cm-1 for TCC and E:280 nm= 0.01553 ppm-1 cm-1 for DP-300.
Additionally, studies were performed to assure that silicone, TCC
35 and DP-300 could be recovered from the skin specimens at
concentrations comparable to those deposited. The procedure for these
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recovery studies was as follows: 0.5 ml of 0.25% soap solutions were
pipetted onto each specimen. The specimens were not covered with
aluminum foil during the 1 hour treatment period. Extraction of the
silicone, TCC or DP-300 was performed as described above immediately
following treatment, without rinsing the specimens with water.
Procedure for Deposition of TCC or DP-300
onto Wool Substrates
1 0 Soap solutions (5-5.9%) were prepared on low heat so as to avoid
TCC decomposition. Generally, soap solution temperatures of 50° C and
heating times greater than 30 minutes were not exceeded. Wool
swatches (48cm2) were immersed in soap solutions. Solutions were
placed in an oven, equilibrated to 40-45°C, for 2 hours or
alternatively
temperatures of 20-25°C for 15 minutes. Following treatment, liquid
was decanted from solution jar and swatches were rinsed with a 100
ml aliquot of ultrapure water. Two additional rinses were performed
with a 5 minute stirring. Tweezers were used to remove swatches
from jar and left to dry overnight.
TCC or DP-300 was extracted from the dried swatches by adding
50g of 2 isopropanol: 1 hexane: 1 chloroform (by volume) to each
swatch and stirring for 15 minutes. Swatches were removed and
concentrations of TCC or DP-300 were determined using UV absorption
2 5 spectroscopy as described previously.
Product Corx~positions for Examples 1, 4, and 5
In redient ,_.. Weight
Soap Chip (85/15 Tallow/Coco)
10% moisture 96.5
TCC 0.7
Delivery System 2.8
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Soap Chiu Compositions for Example 6
Soap Chips - 1
Ingredient Wt,~~o
Soap (60/40, tallow/Coco) g3
Free Fatty Acids 7
Water
100
Soap Chilos - 2
Ingredient Wt,'~o
Soap (85/15, tallow/coco) g0
H20
100
2 0 EXAMPLE 1
Deposition of TCC onto a wool swatch after a
two hour contact time (40-45° C) with
5.9 wt.% product solution
Delivery Syrstem mg TCC / sq. cm.
Wool Swatch
Polyquat 6 (2.8 wt.%) 1 . 7 7
Polyquat 7 (2.8 wt.%) 5.7
3 0 Permethyl No. 104A (2.8 wt.%) 6 . 4
Permethyl No. 104A (1.4 wt.%)/Polyquat 6 (1.4 wt.%) 4.7
Permethyl No. 104A (1.4 wt.%)/Polyquat 7 (1.4 wt.%) 9.1
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EXAMPLE 2
Deposition of DP-300 onto a wool swatch at
20-25°C after a fifteen minute contact time
from a mixture of 5 wt% soap solution,
0.7 wt.% DP-300 and 2.8 wt.% delivery system
Deliveryr Syrstem mg DP-300 Deposited/ sq. cm.
wool Swatch
Permethyl No. 104A (2.8 wt.%) 89.87
(Polyisobutene)
Polyquat 6 (2.8 wt.%) 4 4
Polyquat 7 (2.8 wt.%) 251
Permethyl No. 104A (1.4 wt.%)/Polyquat 6 557
2 0 (1.4 wt.%)
EXAMPLE 3
Deposition of TCC onto a wool swatch at 20-25°C
after a fifteen minute contact time from a mixture of
5 wt% soap solution, 0.7 wt.% TCC and 2.8 wt.% delivery system
mg TCC / sq. cm.
Delivery System Wool Swatch
Permethyl No. 104A (2.8 wt.%) 116
- '3 5 POlyquat 6 (2.8 Wt.%) 1 1 1
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Permethyl No. 104A (1.4 wt.%) and
Polyquat 6 (1.4 wt.%) 416
EXAMPLE 4
TCC Deposition Results
Pig Skin Studies
Deposition of TCC (60°C) from
5.0 wt.% Product Solution
Deposition of TCC
Deliveryr System J,mg TCC /cm2 pi,g skin)
1 5 Petrolatum (2.8 wt.%) 12.7 ~ 2.3
POlyqaut 7 (2.8 Wt.%) 29.2 t 3.1
Petrolatum (1.4 Wt.%)/POlyquat 7 (1.4 Wt.%) 40.0 t 2.6
EXAMPLE 5
2 0 TCC Deposition Results
Wool Binding Method
Deposition of TCC (45°C) from
~ 5 5.0 wt.% Product Solution
Deposition of TCC
gel iveJy System (mg TCC /cm2 w o o l
3 0 swatch
Permethyl No. 104A (2.8 wt.%) 1.7 ~ 0.2
Polyquat 6 (2.8 wt.%) 1.8 f 0.4
3 5 Polyquat 7 (2.8 wt.%) 4.2 ~ 1.3
Permethyi No. 104A (1.4 wt.%)/ 4.6 ~ 1.2
Polyquat 6 (1.4 wt.%)
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Permethyl No. 104A (1.4 wt.%)/ 9.1 t 0.5
Polyquat 7 (1.4 wt.%)
Petrolatum (1.4 wt.%)/ 13.1 ~ 3.9
Polyquat 7 (1.4 wt.%)
- Example s
Silicone Deposition
Results on Pig Skin
Sample #Samples ug dimethicone ug dimethicone
per skin sample er 1 cm2 of skin
Soap Chips 1 (95 wt.%)
lus 5 wt.% dimethicone3 17.1 +/-2.1a 3.0
Soap Chips 1 (92 wt.%)
plus
5 wt.% dimethicone
plus
1.5 wt.% Polyquat 7
and
1.5 wt.% Permethyl 3 52.0 +/-18.3b 9.1
104A
a~~ indicate a significant difference
Sample #Samples ug dimethicone ug dimethicone
per skin sample er 1 cm2 of skin
Soap Chips 2 (95 wt.%)
plus
5 wt.% dimethicone 4 35.4 +/-15.1a 6.2
Soap Chips 2 (92 wt.%)
plus
5 wt.% dimethicone plus
1.5 wt.% Polyquat 7
and
1.5 wt.% Permethyl 104A4 94.0 +/-29.4b 16.4
Soap Chips 2 (93 wt.%)
plus
2.5 wt.% dimethicone
plus 1.5 wt.% Polyquat
7 and
1.5 wt. % Permethyl 4 43.8 +/-11.9a 7.7
104A
Q~~ indicate a signiticant difference
Sample #Samples ug dimethicone ug dimethicone
per skin sample er 1 cm2 of skin
Soap Chips 2 (94.5
wt.%)
.. plus 2.5 wt.% dimethicone
plus 1.5 wt.% Polyquat
7 and
1.5 wt.% Permethyl 3 62.5 +/-12.4a 10.9
104A
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Soap Chips 2 (93 wt.%)
plus
2.5 wt.% dimethicone
plus 3.0 wt.% Polyquat
7 and
1.5 wt.% Permethyl 104A3 109.5 +/-16.5b 19.2
~~~ indicate a significant difference
Dimethicone is dimethylsiloxane of viscosity 60,000 centistokes.
Further testing is conducted with a composition comprising
soap consisting of 85 wt.% derived from a tallow base carboxylic
acid and 15 wt.% from a coconut oil based carboxylic acid and
wt.% water with a limited amount of preservatives,
1 0 fragrances and the like also present.
The test compositions are prepared by adding a superfatting
agent such as citric acid or phosphoric acid, a hydrophobic
agent, such as dimethicone, a hydrocarbonaceous material such as
petrolatum, and a cationic polymer such as Polyquat 6, to the
desired wt.% levels based upon the final bar weight. When
utilizing dimethicone (dimethylpolysiloxane) at a viscosity of
60,000 centistokes, petrolatum, citric acid or phosphoric acid
and Polyquat 6, the preferred quantities of each are respectively
1 wt.%, 3.5 wt.%, 1 wt.% generated superfat and 0.6 wt.%
Polyquat 6 (40% active).
Bars are prepared with the final preferred composition
together with a series of fragrances. Control bars are prepared
with the same series of fragrances but without the dimethicone,
petrolatum and Polyquat package but with or without 1 wt.%
generated superfat. Upon in vivo testing, the bars of the
invention surprisingly show increased intensity of the fragrance
upon aging in comparison to the control. Additionally, enhanced
3 0 character and bloom is present for the bar of the invention in
comparison to the control bar. By character is generally meant
w
less odor from animal based soaps thereby providing less
distortion of the fragrance and maintenance of the consistency of
the fragrance aroma. Enhanced bloom indicates that both the "top
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notes" and the "bottom notes" of the fragrances are continually
sensed.
Further testing of the sensory package alone (dimethicone,
petrolatum and Polyquat 6) both in vitro and in vivo, as well as
bars containing the package as opposed to a control bar without
the package and without 1 % superfat, establishes advantages.
For example, a neat mixture of dimethicone (60,000 centistokes),
petrolatum and Polyquat 6 in weight ratio, respectively, of
1:2:0.6 inhibits climatic induced dryness as well as inhibits the
loss of Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) in in vitro testing.
The procedure which one follows for measuring climatic
induced dryness is the following:
Untreated pig skins are used as controls. Pig skins are kept
at 10°C/17% relative humidity for one hour. Baseline
conductance measurements are taken by SKICON meter. Neat
actives are applied (2mg/sq. cm) of pig skin at room temperature.
2 0 The samples are equilibrated for one hour at room temperature.
After 24 hours at 10°C/17%, conductance values are measured by
a SKICON conductance meter.
Substantial increases in conductance are observed
indicating that climatic induced dryness is substantially
inhibited.
The procedure which one follows for the measurement of
the inhibition of NMF (amino acids, urea, sodium pyrrolidone
3 0 carboxylic acid, inorganic ions) extraction is the following:
The neat active mixture is applied to pig skin at 2 mg/sq.
cm. After one hour skins are treated with 2m1 of 1 % 85/15 soap
solution at 45°C, with shaking for 15 minutes. Nontreated pig
3 5 skin (no neat mixture) is treated with soap in the same manner.
The soap solutions are removed and analyzed for amino acids and
urea by a fluorescent assay similar to that described in M. Kawai
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and G. Imokawa, J. Soc. Cosmetic Chem., 35, 147-156 (1984).
The assay shows the treated pig skin has far less loss of NMF
than the pig skin which did not have the package of dimethicone,
petrolatum and Polyquat. ,
A further in vitro test using the bar of the invention to .
show the deposition of hydrophobic material through the
inhibition of dye uptake in comparison to the control bar is
demonstrated by the following test procedure:
Pig skins are washed four times with invention bar
(30 second rub, 30 second lather, 15 second rinse). A 1 cm
diameter filter paper disc is placed in a 1 % solution of D&C Red
#28 dye. The disc is immediately applied to the pig skin and
1 5 rinsed for 15 seconds. The remaining dye on skin is removed with
kimwipe. The color of skin is recorded with a Minolta
Chromameter. The steps are repeated on fresh pig skin using the
control bar. The dye uptake on the skin treated with the bar of
the invention is far less than the control bar treated skin.
The effect of the bar of the invention (1 % superfat, 1
dimethicone 60,000 centistokes, 3.5% petrolatum, 0.6%
Polyquat 6) on barrier integrity of the skin is measured by the
following procedure:
Pig skin is treated with 5% product aqueous solutions. The
skin is exposed for 24 hour to the solutions. Following this
exposure, the skin is exposed to tritiated water and skin
penetration by the tritiated water is measured. The barrier
integrity is assessed in terms of the permeability coefficient
(Kp) of H20. The procedure is repeated using 5% control solutions
on fresh pig skin. The results show that the bar of the invention
mitigates induced barrier damage in comparison to the control
bar.
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The effect of the bar of the invention, previously identified,
is assessed for its effect on soap penetration of the skin using
the following procedure:
5% soap invention bar solutions are spiked with 14C-Lauric
Acid and tritiated water. The penetration of the pig skin is
followed by tracking the lauric acid (laurate) and water. Punch
biopsies of the pig skin are analyzed to determine soap retained
in the skin. The experiment is repeated with fresh pig skin and
control bar solution. The results show that the invention bar
significantly inhibits the penetration of lauric acid through the
skin, provides less retention of the lauric acid while providing no
significant difference in retention of water in the skin, all in
comparison to the control. Additionally, as measured by the Kp of
1 5 water, less skin damage is induced.
In vivo tests are also employed to measure the effect of the
neat package on various skin factors. For example, conductance
measured by SKICON is used to measure the degree of skin
~ 0 hydration. A water desorption test is used to measure the water
holding capacity of skin. Fluorescence is used to measure the
extraction of NMF from skin. Water repellency of the skin is also
measured. Finally, dye uptake is also measured. In each of these
test systems, the neat package of dimethicone petrolatum and
25 Polyquat 6 (1:3.5:0.6) shows a positive effect for the skin, for
example, hydration, attracting and holding water, locking
moisture into the skin and providing a protective shield for the
skin.
30 In vivo tests employing the bar with the active package are
also tested versus the control bar in the dye uptake test. There is
clearly less dye uptake when skin is washed with the bar of the
~ invention as opposed to the control bar.
3 5 Additionally, in vivo tests are run on the invention bar
compared to the control bar as to the characteristic of mildness.
There is significantly less irritation after repeated use of the
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CA 02236668 1998-OS-O1
WO 97/16168 PCT/US96/17506
invention bar as measured by erythema as visually assessed by a
clinician and, as assessed by redness instrumentally at the
termination of the test. Barrier damage as measured by
transepidermal water loss at the termination of the test is
reduced. Still further, panelists significantly prefer the
invention bar over the control bar on the basis of mildness. .
In summary, the invention solid composition utilizing a
hydrophobic component (dimethicone), a hydrocarbonaceous
1 0 component (petrolatum) and a cationic polymer (Polyquat 6) is
clearly superior as a protective skin shield, less irritating, and
induces less damage wherein the surfactant is soap (about 70 to
about 90 wt.%) than a soap bar without these agents. The
invention bar had 1 wt.% superfatting agent therein. The control
1 5 bar did not.
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