Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Rigid Structural Members and Structures for Buildings and
Ret~inin~ Means for Securin Sheets Thereto
- DESCRIPTION
TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to rigid structural members and structures for buildings.
10 BACKGROUND ART
Building structures are known having rigid structural members which are spaced
apart to support enclosure sheets for the buildings. The enclosure sheets may be panels
extending between structural members, but other sheets such as transparent sheets for
greenhouses, are used. In some cases, the enclosure sheets are provided by transparent
15 flexible sheet m~t~n~l extending from structural member to structural member. Such
arrangements are shown in various patent specifications. For in~t~nce, in EP A
0106920, a building canopy system is shown comprising hollow sleeves of polyethylene
or polyester which are f~tçned by their edges to beam sections supported by upright
columns and the space within the sleeves needs to be pressuri_ed. The structural20 members are each provided with concrete foundations to support them separately in the
building structure.
A similar type of arrangement is described in US patent No. 5,210,983 which
discloses a greenhouse which has two spaced apart enclosure sheets of polyethylene foil
supported by a structure comprising uprights interconn~cted by steel wires.
A further structure for s-lp~o,lillg two spaced apart enclosure sheets is described
in US patent No. 4,665,670. The structure requires a clamp to have both enclosure
sheets clamped at the same location and because of this closeness of the sheets at the
clamping position, air preC~un7~tion is required between them to hold them apart so as
to provide the benefits of dual in~ ti-)n. Of interest also are US patents Nos.
4,926,605, 5,076,033, 5,044,131 and 5,224,306, each of which relates to a singlecovering sheet extending across rigid supports. In US patents Nos. 5,044,131 and5,076,033 the enclosure sheet m~tPri~l needs to be assembled to the structural members
simultaneously with erection of the structure itself. US patent number 4,071,990
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discloses a structural member having four sides each of which is formed with a groove
extending longit-l~in~lly of the member. Lips define a narrow opening to each of the
grooves. US patent number 3,370,389 discloses a similar structural member for wall
partitions of the kind used for partitioning offices. In both cases, an elastic bead is
S inserted into the groove to secure the panel. It is likely that the forces encountered in
building structures would dislodge the bead from the groove.
None of the above described patent specifications discloses structural members
for bnil~ling~ which satisfactorily enable a completed structure to be made cheaply,
simply and quickly and in finished form before enclosing the structure with two
10 enclosure sheets spaced apart in face-to-face relationship. In addition to this, the above
described structures tend to be overly complex - and a varied amount of parts are
required to make a building.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION:
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structuralassembly comprising a plurality of elongate rigid structural members defining at least one
open panel and at least one sheet extending across the panel, characterized in that each
member has a groove eYtl~n~ing longit~ in~lly of the member, lip means defining a
narrow opening to the groove, and a sheet holding member securing the sheet in the
20 groove, the sheet holding member comprising a base and two legs extending in laterally
spaced relationship from the base, the legs being relatively flexibly movable towards
each other or apart, the legs being insertable, in positions moved towards each other,
through the narrow opening into the sheet ret~ining groove, there being provided means
for c~n~ing deflection of the legs away from each other, within the groove, to retain the
25 legs within the groove.
According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided an elongate rigid
structural member having four sides, each of which is formed with a groove extending
longitll-lin~lly of the member, the member also having lip means defining a narrow
opening to each of the grooves, characterized in that each groove has a bottom surface
30 which is convex in a lateral cross-section of the groove.
In use of the structural members according to the invention, two of the grooves,that is two grooves formed in two opposilely facing sides, are usable as sheet retaining
grooves to hold sheet holding members for the purpose of ret~ining two enclosure sheets
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extending in face-to-face spaced relationship, one each side of the structural member.
The sheets need not terminate at the structural member, but may continue from side to
side across it and extend to other structural members in a building construction. As the
sheets are held in spaced positions on opposite sides of the structural member, they stay
5 spaced apart as they extend between structural members without the need for air
pressurization between them. In the structural member according to the invention, the
rem~ining two grooves are usable for accepting bracing or securing means extending
between rigid structural members to hold them in position in an assembled condition of
a building.
Preferably the grooves of the structural member are of similar cross sectional
shape and have subst~nti~lly equal ~imPn~ions in cross section. With this arrangement,
each of the grooves will accept suitably formed bracing or securing means and also will
accept sheet holding members for ret~ining the two enclosure sheets. In a preferred
arrangement, each of the grooves is T-shaped for receiving the shank and head of5 fel~ining bolts of the seCuring or bracing means.
The invention also includes the structural assembly for a building having two wall
structures and two roof structures. Each structure comprises two main elongate side
structural members of the construction defined above, these main members being located
at sides of the structure and held spaced apart by secondary elongate rigid structural
20 members extending between and secured to the main structural members. In each of the
structures of the assembly, two of the grooves of each main member face from twooppositely facing sides of the structure to provide sheet ret~ining grooves as defined
above for rcl~ining two flexible enclosure sheets extending in face-to-face relationship
across the two ~posile sides of the structure. The structures of the assembly are hinged
25 together in series with the two wall structures at ends of the series and separated by the
two roof stNctures and the stNctures are relatively movable about hinge positions
between an erected state of the assembly and a collapsed planar state.
Such structural assemblies according to the invention may be pre-built and
shipped to a building site for building construction. For storage and shipping purposes
30 clearly a structural assembly would be preferred in the collapsed state so as to occupy
a minimum amount of space. In the collapsed state the structures in the assembly may
be in a single plane or may be folded about a hinge at a medial position so that the two
roof stNctures con~ollt and are ~dj~cent to each other and the two wall stNctures are
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similarly relatively positioned. A building may thus be constructed from such structural
assemblies thereby simplifying the constructional operation and reducing the time spent
in the construction.
In a structural assembly according to the invention, with the rigid structural
5 members having four sides and formed with grooves on each of its sides, it is possible
and preferable to have each of the main and secondary structural members with the same
cross sectional size and shape so that a single design of structural member may be used
throughout the construction of the structural assembly and possibly therefore throughout
the whole of the building construction which is to follow. It thus minimi~es the basic
10 design of the parts of the structural assembly and of the building itself.
In the use of the structural member or structural assembly according to the
invention it is advantageous to employ sheet holding members for location within the
grooves in which each sheet holding member has a base and two legs extending in
laterally spaced relationship to the base. These legs are relatively flexibly movable
15 towards each other or apart with one of the legs having a locking free end portion which
is flexible upon its associated leg, and in a normal unstressed position, is inclined in a
direction generally towards the other leg. Upon the legs being inserted into a groove for
holding an enclosure sheet in position, the locking free end portion engages a surface of
the groove to cause the deflection of the locking free end portion from its normal
20 position and to apply pressure to the other leg so as to hold the legs apart thereby
locking the legs in position within the groove.
Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will
become more al)p~t;i-t from the following det~iled description, taken in conjunction with
the acco---panying drawings, of pl~r~ed embodiments of the invention, which are
25 described by way of example only.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 is an isometric diagr~mm~tic representation of a structural assembly for
a building of a first embodiment in the form of a greenhouse formed from rigid
30 structural members;
Figure 2 is an isometric view, to a much larger scale, showing a structural feature
of the greenhouse;
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Figure 3 is a diagMmmatic plan view of a structural assembly for the greenhouse,of the first embodiment, the assembly shown in one collapsed condition;
Figure 4 is a side view in the direction of arrow IV in Figure 3 of the collapsed
assembly;
Figure S is a view similar to Figure 4 showing the assembly in a different stateof collapse;
Figure 6A, to a larger scale, is a detailed side view of an eave part of the
structural assembly in erected condition;
Figure 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI of the structure in
10 Figure 6A;
Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6A of a ridge part of the assembly in erected
condition;
Figure 8 is a cross sectional view, to a very large scale, through a main structural
member and showing part of a bracing means and sheet holding members;
Figure 8A is a scrap view col-iparable to Figure 8 of a modification to part of the
structure of the first embodiment;
Figure 9 is a view of one end of the greenhouse;
Figure 10 is a cross sectional view illustrating the assembly of the end of the
greenhouse to erected sub-assemblies which form the side walls and the roof;
Figure 11 is a cross sectional view through a sheet holding member in normal
unstressed condition;
Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11 and showing the sheet holding member
in stressed locking condition such as when inserted within a groove;
Figure 13 is a side elevational view of an anchoring link for use in anchoring the
25 greenhouse to the ground;
Figure 14 is view similar to Figure 1 of a second embodiment;
Figure 15 is a cross sectional view through two main structural members showing
the members assembled together in the second embodiment;
Figure 16 is a side elevational view of the structure of the second embodiment;
Figure 17 is a cross sectional view of a holding member for holding two main
structural members together in the structure of the second embodiment;
Figure 18 is a side elevational view of a building structure according to a third
embodiment;
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Figure 19 is a diagrammatic plan view, in exploded condition, of structural
assemblies to make the structure of the third embo~imPnlt,
Figure 20 is a partial sectional view, similar to Figure 15, of a fourth
embodiment;
S Figure 21 is a partial sectional view similar to Figure 15, of a modification of the
fourth embodiment;
Figure 22 is a view similar to Figure 8 of a flfth embodiment, and
Figure 23 shows a modification.
10 MODE(S) FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION:
In a first embodiment shown by Figure 1, a greenhouse 10 has sides and a roof
formed partly by two structural assemblies 12. These assemblies 12 are spaced apart by
a central section 14 of the greenhouse structure and each of the assemblies 12 lies
adjacent to a front or rear end of the greenhouse, such as front end 16 (rear end not
15 shown).
As shown by Figure 3, each of the assemblies 12 is constructed from two
rectangular wall structures 20 which lie in series with two rectangular roof structures 22,
the roof structures 22 lying between the two wall structures 20. Each of the structures
20 and 22 is constructed with two main elongate rigid side structural members 24 located
20 at the sides of the assembly 12. The two main structural members 24 are held in spaced
positions by two secondary elongate rigid members 26 extending between the ends of the
structural members 24. Each of the main and secondary structural members 24 and 26
is of rectangular cross section so as to have four sides. Structural members 24 and 26
are ~ler~,ably formed by extrusion from aluminum or any other suitable m~tçri~l, such
25 as rigid plastics. Structural members 24, 26 are of the same cross sectional size and
shape.
As shown in Figure 2 each of the structural members 24 and 26 is formed with
four grooves, one in each of the four sides. Two of these grooves 27 in each of the
members are formed in a pair of opposite sides and are provided for holding sheet
30 holding members (to be described) for holding to the structure, inner and outer spaced
apart enclosure sheets of plastic m~t~ l for completing the greenhouse. The other two
slots 28 of each of the members 24 and 26 are provided for connecting bracing orsecuring means for the purpose of securing the structural members together. As shown
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by Figure 2, each of the structural members 24 is connected to an end of its associated
secondary structural member 26 by securing means comprising an L-shaped bracket 30
the legs of which are secured to members 24 and 26 by screw-threaded means extending
into the slots 28 which face inwardly of the assembly.
As shown, each of the grooves 27 and 28 is of the same shape and size in cross
section and is of T-shape. Each groove has a narrow opening 32 which is formed by
two lips 34 of the member 24 or 26, the narrow opening 32 forming the leg of a T-
shape, the base of the T-shape being provided by a base portion 36 of the groove. Thus
each groove 27 or 28 iS shaped to accommodate the head of a bolt 37 of the screwthreaded means for the brackets 30, and as shown in Figure 2, nuts 38 are received by
the bolts. The head of each bolt 37 iS of such a size that it may slide along a groove 27
or 28, but is not allowed to rotate. As shown by Figure 2, the brackets 30 are formed
with pressed-out central regions 40 at the free ends of their legs and these pressed out
regions 40 lie within the narrow opening 32 of the grooves for correct location purposes.
As shown in larger detail in Figures 6 and 7, the structures 20 and 22 are hinged
together in series by hinges 42 which extend from side to side of the assembly 12 and
are held in position to adjacent secondary members 26 of adjacent structures 20 and 22
by nut and bolt assemblies 48 with the bolt heads received within appr~liate grooves
27 of the member 26. Structural assembly 12 may therefore be collapsed into a flat
planar condition as shown in Figures 3 and 4 in which all of the structures 20 and 22 lie
in a single plane, or it may be cnll~rsed into a semi-folded condition as shown in Figure
5 in which the roof structures 22 and the wall structures 20 face each other. The
collapsed condition is useful for minimi7ing the space requirements for storage and also
for shipping purposes to a building site for a greenhouse.
To construct the greenhouse using the two structural assemblies 12, each of the
assemblies is moved from its collapsed to an erected condition in which the two wall
structures 20 extend in an incline~ fashion as shown in Figure 1 with the roof structures
~ 22 sp~nning between them. Each structure is then held in its correct erected position by
the use of bracing means shown in Figures 6A, 6B and 7. As shown by Figure 6A, each
30 of the wall structures 20 will be held in its correct angular position to its ~dj~cçnt roof
structure 22, at an eave of the structure, by a bracing means comprising a rigid brace
member 46 which is of U-shape in section. The brace member 46 is secured by its ends
to one side of each of the ~dj~cçnt main stmctural members 24 of the ~dj~eent structures
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by further nut and bolt assemblies 48 with the heads of the bolts received within the
a~ op~iate grooves 28 of the structural members. To provide continuity along each
brace member 46 between the grooves 27 which face inwards of associated assemblies
12 (for a reason shortly to be described), a bridging structural member 45 is employed.
5 The membe~ 45 has the same cross-sectional shape as the structural members 24 being
formed with grooves 27 and 28 (Figure 6B). The member 45 has tapered ends so that
it abuts against the inwardly facing surface of its associated structural members 24 while
lying parallel to the associated brace member 46 (Figure 6A) to which it is secured by
a nut and bolt assembly 48 (Figure 6B). Brace members 47 also of U-shape in section,
10 but perhaps of different ~limen.~ions from the brace members 46, are used to secure
together, in their correct angular positions, in a ridge of the structure, the two roof
structures 22, as shown by Figure 7, also by nut and bolt assemblies 48 received within
the app opliate grooves 28 of the two structures. A bridging structural member 49
(similar in use to the member 45 in Figures 6A, 6B) and of the same cross-sectional
15 shape as the structural members 24 provides continuity between the inwardly facing
grooves 27 in the ridge region while being secured to each brace member 47 by nut and
bolt assemblies 48. A section through a brace member 47 and its structural member 49
is similar to the view of Figure 6B.
The two structural assemblies 12 are then ioined together in their spaced positions
20 in the greenhouse structure by secondary structural members 50 sp~nning between the
assemblies 12 across central section 14 (see Figure 1). The members 50 are of the same
cross sectional shape and size as the members 24 and 26. The members 50 are secured
to the main structural members (in a manner not shown) by the use of other brackets 30
secured to the grooves 28 of the main structural members on the opposite sides of the
25 members from those used for securing to the secondary members 24. The side walls and
roof of the greenhouse structure are then in condition completely assembled rigidly in
place plep~ t~ly to laying two enclosure sheets, one on the inside and one on the
outside of the structure, to provide a double glazing effect. The structure is built in such
a way that a single outside enclosure sheet 52 and a single inside enclosure sheet 54 may
30 be used to cover the whole of the structure with the sheets in spaced positions (e.g. see
Figures 8 an 10). ~ltern~ively, two or more sheets may be used on each side with the
sheets being overlapped at holding positions i.e. within the grooves 27 of the main and
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secondary members. A plurality of sheet holding members are provided for holding each
of the sheets in position.
Each sheet holding member 56 (Figure 11) is formed from a suitable resiliently
flexible extruded plastic material and comprises a flat planar base 58 from one side of
5 which extend two legs 60 and 62. In the normal unstressed condition the legs 60 and
62 diverge slightly from the base. The leg 62 is provided with a locking free end
portion 64 which is flexibly held to its leg 62 by a narrow neck 66 with the locking end
free portion being substantially rigid.
To assemble each of the sheets 52 and 54 into position, each sheet is rolled out10 across the completed wall and roof structure of the greenhouse and the sheet holding
members 56 are progles~ ely inserted into the grooves 27 of the members 24 and 26 to
press the sheet into the grooves to retain the sheet in its desired location. Pressing each
sheet into its grooves 27 tends to tighten the sheet between the grooves so as to hold the
sheets apart in the span between the grooves. Each member 56 is constructed with a
lS longitudinal recess 70 at the base of each leg 60 and 62. To insert each of the members
56, the legs 60 and 62 are caused to move towards each other as they are inserted
through the narrow openings 32 to the grooves 27 by engagement of inclined outersurfaces 72 of the legs with the edges of the lips 34 of the structural members. As the
legs pass into the grooves 27, the free end portion 64 of the member 56 engages the flat
20 base surface of the groove and, as insertion continues, the portion 64 is forced to pivot
about the neck 66 so as to engage the opposite leg 60 thereby forcing this leg away from
the leg 62. The unde~ r~ce 74 of each of the free end portions 64 is convex so as to
enable the portion 64 to slide upon the base surface of the groove as it is being pivoted.
In the finished assembly position, as shown by Figure 8, in each of the members 56 the
25 free end portion 64 has been forced upwardly to force and hold apart the two legs 60 and
62 and in this position the lips 34 are received within the recesses 70. The free end
portion 64 acting against the base of the groove causes the legs to be gripped between
the lips 34 and the groove base and the col-es~ol-ding one of the sheets 52 and 54
trapped by the legs 60 and 62 within the groove. Members 56 are thus positively held
30 in their inserted positions to retain the enclosure sheets 52 and 54 securely in position.
The planar base 58 of each member 56 is not instrumental in holding the sheet
52 or 54 in position, but merely covers the opening 32 of its groove 27 for aesthetic
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reasons. It could be omitted, as exemplified by Figure 8A in which member 56a has
laterally extending planar base 58 omitted.
As may be seen from Figures 6 and 7, the ends of the structures 20 and 22
diverge from the position of the hinge in the assembled condition. To prevent the outer
5 enclosure sheet 52 from being cut at the "eave" and ridge corners at the ends of the main
structural members in these widening gaps positions, convex-shaped members in the
form of elongate plastic foam members 76 are disposed within each of the gaps with
their outer convex surfaces projecting outwardly from the gaps. Thus, when the sheet
52 is in position it extends around the convex surface of each of the members 76 and is
10 held away from the corners of the main structural members which could cause damage
to the sheet. Also, the locations of the bracing members 46 and 47, bridging structural
members 45 and 49 and the hinges do not present any obstacle to the location to the
inner enclosure sheet 54 around the greenhouse structure. For instance as shown by
Figures 6A, 6B and 7, the inner enclosure sheet 54 extends towards each of the hinges
15 42 but upon re~hing a bridging structural member 45 or 49, the sheet extends along the
inwardly facing surface of the bracing member 45 and 49 from one structure 20 or 22
to another and is held in position within the inwardly facing groove 27 of the member
45 or 49 by a sheet holding member 56 (Figure 6B). As a result, the inner enclosure
sheet 54 does not approach any hinge position but spans across the hinge position
20 between the structural members as dictated by the positions of the bracing members 46.
Each of the front and rear ends of the greenhouse may then be constructed. The
front end 16 only is shown in Figures 1 and 9 with the understanding that the rear end
is b~ic.~lly similarly constructed to the front end. The front end 16 of the greenhouse
is constructed of vertical rigid structural members 82 of re~quired lengths, a main rigid
25 horizontal ground structural member 84 and inclined structural members 86 which
correspond in angle to the angles of the wall and roof structures 20 and 22 of the
assemblies 12. The structural members of the front end 16 are of the same cross
sectional shape and size as the members 24 and 26 described above. The structural
members of the end 9 are held together, as shown partly diagrammatically in Figure 9
30 by securing means comprising brackets, similar to the brackets 30 shown in Figure 2,
and screw-threading means for reception in the a~pl~pli~te T-grooves of the structural
members. Some of the brackets for holding the members 82, 84, 86 together are right-
angled brackets 30 but the angle of other brackets 87 is obtuse and may be as required
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11
for securing the members 86 to each other and to the vertical members 82. For
convenience, and to avoid the need for obtuse angle brackets 87, hinges may be used
instead. A door (not shown) to be fitted into an opening 88 positioned centrally in the
front end 9 is also constructed of structural members of the same shape and dimensions
5 as members 24 and 26. Upon completion of each end of the greenhouse structure, end
enclosure sheets 90 and 92 (Figure 10) on the inside and outside are located and are held
in position by holding members 56 received in al)y~opliate grooves 27 in the manner
described above for the walls and roof structure.
Upon completion of the front end 16, it is attached to the applop-iate end of the
10 side and roof structure as shown by Figure 10. In its correct location the end 16 is
abutted against main members 24 of the wall and roof s~ructures 20, 22 with the sheet
holding ~l~elllbel~ 56 on the inside of the end 16 sandwiched against the main members
22 for sealing purposes and L-shaped brackets 94 are secured between the end grooves
28 of the main structural members 22 and 86.
Opening vents may be provided (not shown) as desired in either an end of the
greenhouse structure or in a wall or roof structure 20 or 22. In any case where a vent
is provided, the structural members of the greenhouse structure around the vent opening
are provided with grooves similar to grooves 27 to secure the enclosure sheets 52 and
54 in position around openings in the sheets to receive the opening vents. The structures
20 of the vents are formed by frames of similar section to the structural members 24 to
permit inner and outer closure sheets to be secured thereto in a manner similar to the
securing of the enclosure sheets 52 and 54 to the greenhouse structure.
As may be seen from the first embodiment thclefore, rigid elongate structural
members of the described shape having a groove in each of its four sides may be used
25 extensively through the structure of the greenhouse thereby minimi7ing the variety of
parts which are nPcec~A.y for the structure. In addition to this, the shape of the rigid
structural member enables complete structural units to be assembled before enclosure
sheets are placed into position and also allows for the use of two spaced-apart enclosure
sheets to be located upon, and one on each side of, the already assembled structure. The
30 greenhouse is itself easy to assemble, particularly when pre-built structural assemblies
12 have been pre~,~cd, and these assemblies are advantageous both for storage and
transport purposes and are easily erected into their final use positions with suitable
securing bracket means. Also, in a case where the grooves are all the same size and
, . .
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12
shape this enables the sheet holding members and screw-threaded securing means to be
located as required in any of the grooves for assembly purposes dependent upon the type
of structure which is required.
In the first embodiment as shown, the structural members have been extruded as
5 hollow sections thereby minimi7ing their weight and this produces a central longitudinal
cavity 100 (see Figure 2) which is extremely useful for anchoring the structure to the
ground. For instance as shown by Figure 13, an anchor structure 102 may be used
which has a flat ground plate 104 held by filled s~n~b~s in position upon the ground.
The plate 104 ~up~ull~ a rigid peg 106 which is incline~ at the re~uired angle to be a
10 sliding fit within an a~-upliate cavity 100 of a main structural member 24 of a wall
structure 20 of the structural assembly 12. The structural members 24 of the wall
structures 20 are each provided with two holes (not shown) passing from side-to-side for
alignment with lateral holes 107 in an ~soci~ted peg 106 to enable securing bolts to pass
therethrough to secure the greenhouse structure to the ground. As an ~ltern~tive to bolts,
15 holding pins are forced through the aligned holes.
In alternative arrangements of bracket structures, pegs 106 are ~tt~che~ to other
base design~ for securing to wooden platforms or even to a tubular structure (e.g.
inclined tubes 108 in Figure 9) for accommodating spikes which are driven into the
ground for holding purposes.
Structural members according to the invention and having a groove on each of
its four sides may be used to construct a building of any desired size and shape to have
two spaced enclosure sheets to provide a double glazing effect. This is shown by the
following embo~ le.~l~ for greenhouse structures and which may also use front and rear
end structures of the same design as in the first embodiment.
In a second embodiment as shown in Figures 14 to 17, two complete structural
assemblies 110 (Figure 14 and 16), of width greater than the assemblies 12 in the first
embodiment, are secured together to form wall and roof structures for a greenhouse 111
which is longer than in the first embodiment. Each assembly 110 comprises main
structural mPmhers 24 at the sides of the assembly and interme~ t~ structural members
24a parallel to and eq~ st~nt between the members 24 (see Figure 16 for greater
detail). Secondary elongate rigid members 26a extend between main structural members
24 with the members 24a abutted against the members 26a. The rigid members 26a are
hinged together in each assembly 110 in a similar manner to that in each assembly 12
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13
of the first embodiment. This is useful, for storage, transport and erection purposes a
cu~ed for the assemblies 12 in the first embodiment. Main structural members 24
of assemblies 110 abut and are secured together by a structural holding member 112 such
as is shown in Figures 15 and 17. This structural holding member 112 is basically of
5 the same structure as the sheet holding member 56 described in the above embodiment
except that it has two pairs of legs 60 and 62 extending one pair from each side of the
base 58. In this case, as may be seen, the legs 60 and 62 at each side of the base are
inserted within the a~plupliate grooves 28 and are held apart by the locking free end
portion 64 in that groove to retain the holding member in position and therefore hold the
10 main structural members assembled together.
Figure 15 also shows parts of two bracing members 46 held in position by a nut
and bolt assembly 48 and the location of the sheet ret;1inil-g members 56 for holding the
inner and outer enclosure sheets 52 and 54 as they extend across the completed structure.
The sheet holding members 56 may also be used for additional purposes (not
15 shown) such as for s.l~o-Ling screws inserted through the bases 58 of the holding
members for the purpose of holding brackets, light fixtures, baskets, or other items
without actually punct-lring the enclosure sheet which the holding member retains in
place.
In the second embodiment, two roof vents are shown (Figure 14) of different size.
20 Each vent is provided by an opening window 120 having a frame member 122 hinged
to a respective rigid member 26a of the greenhouse and three other frame members 124
to provide a rectangular shape to the window. Each window opening is partly de~med
by structural members 24 and 24a and a short structural member 126 extending between
members 24 and 24a. The structural members 126 and the frame members 122 and 12425 are of the same cross-sectional shape as the members 24 and 24a. Hence grooves in the
structural members 126 cradle the enclosure sheets of the greenhouse to be secured in
position around the window openings. Also, grooves in the frame members 122 and 124
permit inner and outer closure sheets to be secured thereto in a similar manner.In a third emb~impnt~ a building structure 128 is larger than that of the second30 embodiment. The wall and roof of the building structure 128 are constructed from two
col,lplete structural assemblies 110 (Figures 18 and 19) as in the second embodiment,
and a structural assembly 130 located between and connecting together the assemblies
110. Figure 19 shows the assemblies 110 and 130 in planar collapsed condition. As
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14
indicated in the second embodiment, the rigid members 26a of the assemblies 110 are
hinged together to enable the assemblies to be formed into the erected condition. This
is in a manner similar to that described in the first embodiment, using bridging members
45 and 49 and brace members 46 and 47 (bridging and brace members not shown in the
S third embodiment). The assembly 130 is then located between the assemblies 110 while
it is being erected and is secured to each assembly 110. As shown by Figure 19, the
assembly 130 comprises wall and roof structures 132 and 134 each of which is provided
by two structural members 26a spaced apart laterally by a structural member 24a to form
an 'I' shape in plan view. The structural members 26a are hinged together between
10 ~cent wall and roof structure so that the assembly 130 may also be supplied to site in
planar collapsed condition as shown by Figure 19. While the assembly 130 is being
erected it is secured to the assemblies 110 by securing the structural members 26a to the
structural members 24 at ends of the assemblies 110 which are adjacent to the assembly
130. This securement is provided by L-shape brackets 30 as described above with
reference to the first embodiment and Figure 2. Figures 18 and 19 also show the use
of two vents provided by opening window 120 as described in the second embodiment.
In a mo-lific~tion to the third embodiment, the roof and wall structures of
structural assembly 130 are not pl~~cs~."hled together, but are supplied separately and
are ~tt~cl~ed individually to the two assemblies 110.
As may be seen from the above embodiments, building structures may be made
of different sizes while employing a minimllm number of different sizes of structural
members which are all of the same cross-sectional shape and have grooves extending
along each side. The three embodiments described show three greenhouse structures of
difrereilt lengths which use the same design of front and rear ends. As discussed, a
25 double glazing effect is easily provided and opening windows to provide vents also are
provided with a double glazing effect.
Structures according to the invention may be used for purposes other than for
greenhouses, such as for sheds, living accommodations or even for tents, possibly for
use in cool clim~t~s. In such situations, the enclosure sheet material may be opaque and
30 stronger than the enclosure sheet material for greenhouse use. In addition, thermal
in.s~ l~tinn may be installed between the face-to-face spaced apart enclosure sheets.
With the above considerations in mind, reference is made to a fourth embodiment
in Figure 20 in which a greenhouse structure 128 is built of the same structural
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assemblies as in the second embodiment. Accordingly, where two structural assemblies
meet, main structural members 24 abut each other and are secured together by a
structural holding member 112. The fourth embodiment differs from the second
embodiment in that the sheet holding members 56 are replaced by holding members 135
S which are both sheet and panel holding members. Each panel holding member 135 has
two legs 60 and 62 and a locking portion 64 of the same construction and operation as
in the members 56. However, the legs 60 and 62 extend from a long neck 132 whichprojects from the respective structural member 24 to terminate in a flat planar base 134
extending from each side of the long neck 132 to form a T-shape with the neck. The
10 base 134 is spaced a specific distance from the respective member 24 so as to hold,
between the base 134 and the structural member 24, respective edges of rigid or
sen-irigid panels 136 and 138 which are thus assembled to the structure 128 between
adjacent holding members 135.
Hence, the outer and inner enclosure sheets 52 and 54 are held in position over
15 the greenhouse structure 128 by being pressed into the grooves 27 by insertion of the
sheet holding members 135 into the grooves in the manner described above. In normal
use as a greenhouse, the sheets 52 and 54 are exposed as described in the preceding
embodime.nts and the long necks 132 of the holding members 130 extend outwards from
the structural members 124 with the bases 134 spaced from the structural members.
20 However, should it be required to cover the whole of the structure with either the panels
136 or panels 138 or combinations of these panels, then holding members 135 are
removed progressively across the structure to enable the panels 136 or 138 to be located
in position overlying either or both of the enclosure sheets 52 and 54, the holding
members 135 then being progressively replaced. It should be noted that only sufficient
25 of the holding members 135 are removed at any particular time to allow for addition of
specific panels 136 or 138 at that particular time. Hence, the sheets 52 and 54 are
retained upon the greenhouse structure during this procedure. Circumstances which
may call for the addition of panels 136 or 138 include providing protection of the
enclosure sheets 52 and 54 from severe weather conditions, such as ice formation or hail,
30 or for the purpose of providing thermal insulation to the inside of the greenhouse upon
an undesirable drop, or increase, in ambient te~ ture. The panels could then be
reflective.
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16
It should be borne in mind that each of the panels 136 and 138 is of a size
sufficient only to extend across between successive holding members 135 as it isenvisaged that the panels are totally planar and each may only extend across planar
areas.
S The structure of each of the panels 136 and 138is dependent upon its intended
use. For instance, each panel 136is a solid non-perforate and non-cellular panel formed
of any suitable material for outside usage, e.g. plastic materials, which include acrylic
and polycarbonate m~teri~lc and fiberglass reinforced m~t~ri~lc, polyvinylchloride, and
wood which may be structured into plywood panels and suitably treated, especially for
10 outdoor usage.
On the other hand, each panel 138iS composed as a structural panel having ribs
defining internal passageways or chambers 140 which are suitable for insulation
purposes.
As alternatives for in~ tion purposes, rigid panels (not shown) may be formed
15 with internal closed cells and have a skin on each side of each panel devoid of cells.
Each of these latter panels may be formed in known manner for cellular structures by
~mitting an expansible gas into molten plastic in an extruder, the gas e~p~n-ling upon
the release of extrusion pressure, after extrusion, to form the closed cell structure.
In a modification (not shown) of the fourth embo~1iment7 the structure is formed,
20 not as a greenhouse, but as a shed or some form of living accommodation (perhaps
e"~l)ol~y). In this case the enclosure sheets 52 and 54 are omitted and panels 136 or
138 or similar panels suitable for the actual requirements are installed initially directly
onto the structure by the holding members 135 which in this case are just panel holding
members. In this case, with panels on both the inside and outside of the structure and
25 spaced apart by the structural members 24 and 26, thermal insulation of any suitable
type (e.g. closed cellular form or fibreglass) may be located between the spaced panels.
In a further mo-lifiç~tion of the fourth embodiment (Pigure 21), certain of the
holding members 135 are replaced by holding members 142 having a stepped base, one
side 144 of which is located in a position relative to the legs 60 and 62 similar to the
30 base 58 of the holding members 56 and the other side 146 is located in a position relative
to legs 60 and 62 similar to the base 134 of members 135. In this case, inner and outer
enclosure sheets 52, 54 may be incorporated to te ~"inate at the holding members 142
and held within the associated grooves 27 while being engaged by the one side 144 of
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17
the base of a holding member 142. A panel 136 or 13~ (136 being shown) extends from
beneath the other side 146 of the base of holding member 142 to be held in place as
described in the fourth embodiment.
In a fifth embodiment, as shown in Figure 22, structural members 24' and 26'
5 have T-shaped grooves 150 of different shape from the grooves 27 and 28 of the other
embodiments. In this modification, a bottom surface 152 of each groove is convex in
lateral cross-section. For use with these grooves 150, sheet holding members 154 are
used. These members 154 differ from the holding members 56 in that each member 154
has two splayed apart legs 156, but no locking free end portion (i.e. similar to portion
10 64) is included. In this modific~tion, the legs 156 are shaped such that upon being
inserted in a groove 150, they engage the convex surface 152 of the groove and are
forced further apart by the groove surface as insertion continues. The ends of the legs
then are held extended towards or into the corners of the groove to resist removal of
each holding member 154.
In modifications (such as shown in Figure 23) of the embodiments, structural
assemblies 12, 110 and 130 are replaced by other hinged structural assemblies. In
certain of these modifications, b~ ings are larger than the greenhouses of the
embodiments and require structural assemblies with more than four structures (such as
structures 20 and 22) in series connected by hinges. For instance, as illustrated in
20 Figure 21, it is possible to provide a structural assembly having two wall structures at
ends of a structural series in which three, four or more roof structures are disposed
between the wall structures. In erected condition of such a structural assembly according
to a modification, the angles of the planes of the structures 20 and 22 change from
structure to structure in the series.
In further modific~tions (such as shown in Figure 23) structural assemblies
comprise a series of elongate rigid side structural members 24, three per side being
shown, which are hinged together in a structural assembly to be disposed in a collapsed
or erected condition. Structural assemblies of these particular modifications may be
stored or transported to a building site in the collapsed condition, thus occupying
30 minimum space. The structural assemblies formed solely of hinged-together structural
members 24 are easily, conveniently and quickly erected into position and the structural
members 26 are then located between them and secured in position to form a building
structure. In addition, the number of members 24 which are disposed in series is
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18
dependent upon the size of building for which a completed structural assembly isrequired.
It should be noted that, in any of the above embodiments or modifications
thereof, because of the structural design, it is possible to remove either one or both ends
S of the structure for any required purpose. For instance, in the greenhouse structures,
removal of one and perhaps both ends will allow for young plants to become acclim~ticed
to ambient le~ elalure conditions before removing the plants from within the greenhouse
for outside planting p.ll~oses. Alternatively, when structures other than greenhouses are
built, removal of an end of each structure may be required for loading in and stacking
10 of certain articles (particularly large articles too big for the doorway). The end may then
be replaced if desired.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
It should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to greenhouses
15 but embraces structures for a variety of purposes, such as te~-")ol~y shelters for people,
for boats, boat dock covers, and so on.
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