METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES

PROCEDE ET DISPOSITIF POUR PRODUIRE DES IMPULSIONS ELECTROMAGNETIQUES

English Abstract

The object of the invention is to provide a method and device for use in the
field of intense electromagnetic pulse generation, for example for
investigating or influencing materials structures as well as for use in EMC
investigations, so as to provide a novel technological alternative for
developing further areas of application. This object is achieved in that the
structure of the core member of the device essentially takes the form of 2 + n
(i.e. 5 when n = 3) electromagnetic resonant cavities fitted into one another
according to the "Russian doll" principle; and in that the resonant circuit
system is connected for circuitry and metrological purposes to the pulse
generators (33, 34, 35, 36, 37), used for generation, and to an evaluation and
control unit (38) and a vibration-measuring device (40). The invention
concerns a method and device for generating electromagnetic pulses on the
basis of electrical, magnetic and mechanical interactions between
electromagnetically and mechanically oscillatory systems and can be used in
fundamental research for materials structure, solid-state physics, material
investigations and EMC investigations.

French Abstract

L'invention vise à mettre au point un procédé et un dispositif s'utilisant dans le domaine de la production de fortes impulsions électromagnétiques, par exemple pour explorer la structure ou influer sur la structure de substances ou dans le cadre d'examens de compatibilité électromagnétique, et permettant la mise au point d'une variante technologique d'un genre nouveau pour exploiter d'autres domaines d'application. Pour ce faire, la constitution schématique structurale de la partie essentielle du dispositif se présente sous forme de 2 + n (c'est-à-dire de 5, n étant égal à 3) cavités résonnantes électromagnétiques, montées selon le principe des "poupées russes", emboîtées les unes dans les autres. Le système de cavités résonnantes est connecté à des fins de commutation et de mesure avec les générateurs d'impulsions (33, 34, 35, 36, 37) utilisés à des fins d'excitation, ainsi qu'à une unité d'évaluation et de commande (38) et à un dispositif de mesure par vibration (40). L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif s'utilisant pour produire des impulsions électromagnétiques sur la base d'interactions d'ordre électrique, magnétique et mécanique entre des systèmes vibrant électromagnétiquement et mécaniquement et peuvent s'utiliser dans la recherche fondamentale sur la structure des matériaux, la physique du solide, l'essai de matériaux, ainsi que les examens de compatibilité électromagnétique.

Claims

CLAIMS
1. Device for generating electromagnetic pulses on the basis of electric - magnetic -mechanical
interactions between electromagnetic and mechanical oscillatory
systems,
characterized by:
- an electromagnetic resonant chamber (1) that is cylindrically shaped
externally in an axial direction and hollow inside. A hollow, cylindrically-shaped
cavity is located in the chamber wall, where an excitation coil (2) is placed.
- in the inner cylindrically-shaped hollow space of the outer resonant chamber
(1), another resonant chamber (6) is located with the same principle structure (1)
containing an excitation coil (7). The chamber's external dimensions correspond
exactly to the internal cylindrically-shaped hollow space of the external resonant
chamber (1) minus the wall thickness of the dielectric material (3) between the
resonant chambers (1, 6), whereby the resonant chambers (3, 6) each contain corematerial and an excitation coil.
- additional resonant chambers (5n - 4 = 11, 16, 21 ...) structured and
interleaved in one another according to the same "Matrjoschka" reduction principle
with the excitation coils (5n - 3 = 12, 17, 22 ...) and the dielectric layers (5n - 7 = 8,
13, 18 ...) separating the resonant chambers, whereby the innermost resonant
chamber does not have any axial hollow cavity.
- two metallic plates (27, 29) that enclose the external resonant chamber in
an axial direction, separated respectively by dielectric material (26, 28).
2. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in
the core material for the resonant chambers (1, 6, 11, 16, 21 ...) that is
ferromagnetic material with magnetostrictive qualities to the greatest possible extent.
3. Device according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in
core material that is plated with sheet metal to reduce eddy currents.
4. Device according to claims 1 to 3,
characterized in
sintering or baking the base material of the core material to reduce eddy currents.
5. Device according to claims 1 to 4,
characterized in

dielectric layers (3, 8, 13, 18, ...; 26, 28) that have the greatest relative dielectric
constant e possible.
6. Device according to claims 1 to 5,
characterized in
n being primarily smaller or equal to 5.
7. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in
- connection of the excitation coils (2, 7, 12, 17, 22, ...) of the resonant
chambers (1, 6, 11, 16, 21, ...) with impulse generators (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ...).
- impulse generators (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ...) connected to a programmable
evaluation and control unit (38).
- a programmable evaluation and control unit (38) connected to a vibration
measurement device (40).
- electromagnetic pulses generated by the device that are decoupled via the
output (41) of the coupling and decoupling unit (32).
8. Device according to claim 7,
characterized in
impulse generators (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, ...) that discharge individual impulses for
generating a trigger pattern with
- adjustable impulse ranges between 20 ns and 1 s
- adjustable energy dosing in a grid of 1/100 Ws
- adjustable precise setting of the time of the application point (leading edge)in a basic of 5 ns
- optional positive or negative polarity
- the possibility of simultaneous beats with an optional positive or negative
equivalent share
9. Device according to claims 7 or 8,
characterized in
setting and selection of the impulse parameters of the impulse generators (33, 34,
35, 36, 37, ...) that are effected by the programmable evaluation and control unit
(38) by evaluating the measured electrical instantaneous values of the excitation
coils (2, 7, 12, 17, 22 ...) as well as the metal plates (27, 29) and the measured
instantaneous values of the mechanical vibrations of the resonant chamber systemusing the vibration measurement device (40).
10. Use of the device according to claim 8,

characterized in
- first recording triggering patterns or the parameters of time and energy of
the triggering impulses to achieve specific self-resonance of the system
and
- thereafter a great variety of electromagnetic pulses with in turn very different
parameters of time and energy are made available at the device output (41) usingvery different coupling options of the specific triggering pattern
11. Use according to claim 10,
characterized in
avoiding resonance excesses of individual self-excited vibrations that could result in
destruction of parts of the device, in which a self-learned algorithm is used in the
programmable evaluation and control unit (38), which reacts to such events by
predicting trends.

Description

~ CA 022~38~9 1998-11-06
Device and procedure for generating clcct,omagnetic pulses
The invention is a device and procedure for generating electromagnetic pulses onthe basis of electric - magnetic - mechanical interactions between electromagnetic
and mechanical oscillatory systems and can be employed in basic research on the
structure of matter, solid-state physics, materials testing and electromagnetic
compatibility tests.
At the current state of technology, peak current or high-voltage discharges are used
in very different transformation and matching variants for generating strong
electromagnetic impulses (see relevant publications on electromagnetic compatibility
- or electromagnetic pulse - testing equipment).
In the field of electro-mechanical energy conversion to impulse or oscillation
generation, a number of procedures are known that work according to the basic
principles of electrodynamics or magnetic induction. In other words, they are based
on the effects of the Lorentz force as well as on a number of procedures according
to electrostatic, piezoelectric or piezomagnetic principles (see relevant publications
on ultrasonic generation).
The invention is based on the tasks of a device and a procedure that make possible
a new technological variant for developing additional fields of use in the field of
generating strong electromagnetic pulses, for example, for explaining and
influencing the structures of materials or even applications in electromagnetic
compatibility investigations.
These tasks are handled according to the invention concept, as it is defined in the
claims 1 and 10.
Additional developments of the invention principle result from the dependent claims.
In the attached drawings, Figure 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the principleconstruction of the core piece of the device: 5 (i.e., 2 + n, with n = 3) electromagnetic
solenoid systems interleaved in one another according to the "Matrjoschka" principle
(arranged concentrically in one another in an interleaved structure). Figure 2 shows
the principle switching and measurement technique connections of the magnetic
systems of Fig. 1 with the impulse generators for excitation as well as an evaluation
and control unit and a vibration measurement device.
In Fig. 1, a resonant chamber shaped cylindrically externally and hollow internally is
_ ~ . . ... . ....

' CA 022~38~9 1998-11-06
shown. In its wall, there is a hollow, cylindrically-shaped cavity for placing the
excitation coil 2. In the inner hollow space of this resonant chamber, resonant
chamber 6 is located with the same principle structure. Its external dimensions
correspond exactly to the internal cylindrically-shaped hollow space of the resonant
chamber 1 minus the wall thickness of the dielectric material 3. In its external wall,
the excitation coil 7 is arranged in a corresponding hollow space. According to the
same "Matrjoschka" reduction principle, the additional resonant chambers 11, 16
and 21 are interleaved in one anotherwith the excitation coils 12,17 and 22. Theinnermost resonant chamber 21 does not have any axial hollow cavity. The resonant
chambers 6,11,16 and 21 are separated from one another by the dielectric layers
8,13 and 18.
Ferromagnetic material with the highest degree possible of magnetostridive
qualities is used for the resonant chamber structures 1,6,11, 16 and 21. To reduce
the eddy current, this can also be plated with sheet metal or the base material can
be sintered or baked.
For the electrical connections of the excitation coils, two drill holes each are made in
an axial direction including through the above-lying resonant chambers. These are 4
and 5 for resonant chamber 1, 9 and 10 for resonant chamber 6,14 and 15 for
resonant chamber 11,19 and 20 for resonant chamber 16, and 24 and 25 for
resonant chamber 21.
The external resonant chamber 1 is enclosed in axial direction with the metallicplates 27 and 29, whereby these are separated from the core material by the
dielectric material 26 and 28. They are slit and/or drilled to enable electrical supply
lines to pass through.
The connections 30 and 31 attached to the metal plates 27 and 28 are connected to
coupling and decoupling switch 32.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic example of a switching and measurement technique
model of the device constructed in accordance with the invention.
In this model, the excitation coils of the resonant chamber systems 1, 6, 11, 16 and
21 are connected via coupling and decoupling switch 32 with impulse generators 33,
34, 35, 35 and 37, which discharge individual impulses with adjustable impulse
ranges between 200 ns and 1 s, with adjustable energy dosing in the grid of 1/100
Ws, with an adjustable precise setting of the time of the application point (leading
edge) in a grid of 5 ns, optional positive or negative polarity and the possibility of

CA 022~38~9 1998-11-06
simultaneous beats with an optional positive or negative equivalent share.
The setting and selection of these parameters are effected by programmable
evaluation and control unit 38. This unit evaluates the measured electrical
instantaneous values of the excitation coils 2, 7, 12, 17 and 22 as well as the metal
plates 27 and 29 and the measured instantaneous values of the mechanical
vibrations of the resonant chamber system using vibration measurement device 40
for influencing the preprogrammable parameters for the impulse generators 33 to
37.
The device constructed in accordance with the invention makes possible a great
variety of excitation of the electrical, magnetic and mechanically coupled oscillation
systems due to the variation options of the parameters for the impulse generators.
For example, the oscillation systems serve to provide strong electromagnetic pulses
at output 41 of coupling and decoupling switch 38 to fulfill the invention task.Additionally, other new application areas can certainly be developed.

Representative Drawing