Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
~
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
°MATRIX ~AII~IING NEPHRITE JADE POWDER AS A MAIN
~~r~,n
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a matrix( ~) containing fine powder
of nephrit jade as a main component.
More specifically, the present invention relates to the matrix
containing fine powder of nephrite jade of very fine combination weave
fibrous microstructure of cryptocrystaline tremolite type. By using the
matrix, a variety of goods in the field of medical goods, utensile goods,
equipments for leisure time, vessels, interior goods, agricultural goods,
industrial goods, fishery goods, traffic goods, transportation goods,
equipments for sports, electronic instruments, precision instrument, or the
like can be prepared. The goods made of the matrix can show excellent effects
of treating pathological sympthoms(headache, numb feeling, indigestion,
insomnia, or the like), removing impurities(such as heavy metals), improving
the quality of water, promoting the growth of plants by virtue of the
inherent properties of nephrite jade.
Prior Art
As is generally known, jade is largely divided into jadeite and
nephrite jade.
1
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Jadeite belongs to pyroxene family and has monoclinic system comprising
silicic acid, aluminum oxide and soda. It is an intimate mass, and the
hardness is comparable to that of crystal. It is transparent or translucent
of black, blue green or green color. People usually says the jadeite as
"jade".
Nephrite jade is an inorganic material having monoclinic system of
inosilicates. The quality of nephrite jade is determined by the fine
structure, and the finer the fibre, the better is the quality.
According to a German literature [Heady Bursius, " Die Magie der
Edelsteine " and Mauda Palmer Die Verborgene, "KRAFF der KRISTALLE and der
EDELSTEINE"] , the two different ores, jadeite an nephrite jade both
comprises silicon and oxygen, as most of other jewels. However, jadeite is
formed of granular crystals while nephrite jade consists of lots of crystals
and aggregates of microparticles having fibrous, hair-like structure, In
particular, nephrite jade comprises three elements, Ca, Fe and Mg, which are
good for human body, while jadeite comprises sodium and aluminum components,
Thus, It has been recently reported that nephrite jade, when attached to the
body, provides a considerable effect to the treatment of hypertension,
diabetes, circulating system disorder, heart disease and kidney disorder.
A classic of traditional oriental medicine, "Treasures in oriental
2
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
medicine(~~)"describes that if jade is added to black rice liquor to
alter the liquor to water, and intake of jade powder in a size like sesame
. seed is good for the discharge of the waste material. Also it describes that
when jade powder(1 part by volume), rice(1 part by volume) and white dew(1
part by volume) are cooked to rice in a copper vessel, the jade powder
becomes water(so called jade-liquid, the "devine jade water").
"Plants of Devine AgricultureOl~ ~ ~)", "Plants of Tang Age(f~ ~
~)"and "List of Basic Plants( ~-~J~ )" describes that intake of jade powder
in a size like sesame seed enriches five viscera and six entrails and
completely discharges the waste materials. In addition, it is effective to
digestive system by remove heat from stomach, and it is good for the
treatment of bronchus asthma, body fever and heavy feeling in the chest as
well as thirst. When jade powder is taken for a long time, body becomes easy
and light, function of lung is enhanced, making voice by vocal cords becomes
easier. Also, it is good for throat, nutrition of hair, functions of five
viscera and six entrails and treatment of nervous diseases such as stress.
Besides, the components of nephrite jade reveals excellent functions to the
body w i t bout s i de a f f ec t . For examp 1 a , i nt ake o f wh i t a j
ade powder i s good
for the tension or cramps in the muscles and rubbing with nephrite jade on
the hurted skin for several days removes the scar.
3
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
However, as nephrite jade does not exists in a large amount in the
nature, the use thereof is restricted to jewel personal ornaments such as
necklace, ring , bracelet, or the like in spite of the well known excellent
medical functions. In addition, the processing of nephrite jade requires
delicate efforts of experts having much experiences, and nephrite jade is
economically disadvantageous having very high price, so that the development
as a general practical goods using nephrite jade are intensively needed.
Summary of the Invention
The present inventors have paid attention to the excellent medical
effects of nephrite jade and intensively studied for many years, and as a
result, found the fact that the product(agricultural goods, industrial goods,
fishery goods, medical goods, electronic products, precision instruments,
civil engineering and construction) made of (or comprising) nephrite jade
powder of cryptocrystalline tremolite of 6180 as an effective component by a
conventional molding process provides activities of removing heavy metals,
removing offensive odor, promoting the growth of plants, improving the
quality of water as well as enhance the physical properties of the product
itself, to complete the invention.
Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide a novel matrix
having excellent medical and physical effects due to the inherent properties
4
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
of nephrite jade(powder)when applied to utensile goods such as tableware,
products for sports or leisure time, agricultural goods such as facility
gardening, fishery goods such as fish box, traffic goods such as automobile
component, transportation goods, film for food package, medical goods such as
parts of spectacles, electronic instrument such as electric or electronic
parts.
Another object of the present invention is to maximize the utilization
of nephrite jade powder which is remainder or waste of the mining or minute
processing of nephrite jade ornaments.
The other objects or advantages or the present invention can be
clarified by the description of the specification and Examples here-in-below.
Brief description of th Drawings
Fig.l is shows crystalline structure of a matrix according to the
present invention by Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM).
Fig.2 is shows an FT-IR spectrum of nephrite jade powder used in the
present invention.
FIg.3A shows the effect of nephrite jade on drip loss(~o)when pork was
stored in a container made of a matrix containing nephrite jade according to
the present invention.
Fig.3B shows the effect of nephrite jade on meat pH when pork was
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
stored in a container made of a matrix containing nephrite jade according to
the present invention.
Fig.3c shows the effect of nephrite jade on the VBN content when pork
was stored in a container made of a matrix containing nephriet jade according
to the present invention.
Fig.3D shows the effect of nephrite jade on the TBA value when pork was
stored in a container made of a matrix containing nephrite jade according to
the present invention.
Fig.3E shows the effect of nephrite jade on meat colour( a E)when pork
was stored in a container made of a matrix containing nephrite jade according
to the present invention.
Fig.4A shows the effect of a matrix tile containing nephrite jade
according to the present invention, on the glucose content in a blood plasma
of experimental animals(rats) having induced diabetes.
Fig.4B shows the effect of nephrite jade on the hydroxybutylrate
content in the same blood plasma.
Fig.4C shows the effect of nephrite jade on the free fatty acid content
in the same blood plasma.
Fig.4D shows the effect of nephrite jade on the cholesterol content in
the same blood plasma.
6
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Fig.4E shows the effect of nephrite jade on the triglyceride content in
the same blood plasma.
Fig.4F shows the effect of nephrite jade on the HDL-cholesterol content
in the same blood plasma.
Fig.SA shows the effect of a matrix tile containing nehrite jade
according to the present invention on the body weight of SHR.
Fig.SB shows the effect of nephrite jade on the systolic blood pressure
of the same SHR.
Fig.SC shows the effect of nephrite jade on the hypotensive activity of
the same SHR.
Detailed Description of the Invention
According the present invention, a variety of goods are made of a
matrix( ~) containing 5-100% by weight of nephrite jade powder preferably
having particle size of 100-950 mesh, by general molding process. The
nephite jade powder of the matrix has been homogeneously dispersed in the
molded articles to exhibit the effects of nephrite jade as well as to enhance
the physical properties of the articles.
In the present invention, each article may be a variety of
non-restricted goods which requires the admixing of nephrite jade powder
therin.
7
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
In the specification, though explanation is made by referring to
plastic goods containing nephrite jade as a main current, it should be
understood that the matrix of the present invention is never restricted to
plastic materials.
According to the present invention, the thermoplastic synthetic resins
as raw material of the plastic materials described in the specification
includes polyvinyl chloride(PVC), polyvinyl acetate(PVAC), polyvinyl
alcohol(PVA, PVAL), polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl formal(PVFM), polyvinyl
polyvinylidene
butyral(PVB),polyvinylidene chloride(PVDC),
chloride-polyvinyl chloride copolymer, polyethylene(PE), polypropylene(PP),
polystyrene(PS), styrene-butadiene copolymer(SB, HIPS), polystyrene foam(EPS,
FS), acrylonitrile-styrene copolymer(AS, SAN),
acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer(ABS), ethylene-vinyl acetate
copolymer(EVA), ionomer, polycarbonate(PC), polyvinyl ether-polyvinyl methyl
ether, polyvinyl ketone, polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE),
polytrifluorochloroethylene(PCTFE), polyvinyl fluoride,
polyvinylidenefluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer,
polyamide(PA, Nylon), polyacrylamide, polyacrylonitrile(AN), polyester,
polyethylene terephthalate(PET), polybutyrene terephthalate(PBT), polyacetal,
polyoxymethylene(POM), polyethylene oxide, polyphenylene oxide(PPO),
8
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
polyacrylate(=polyacrylic ester), polymethacrylate(=polymethacrylic ester),
polyurethane(PUR.AU.EU), polyphenylene sulfide(PPS), polysulfone(PSU),
polymethacrylonitrile, or the like.
Thermosetting synthetic resins include phenol-formaldehyde(PF), urea
formaldehyde(UF), melamine-formaldehyde(MF), unsaturated polyester(UP),
polydiallyl phthalate(PDAP, DAP), aniline-formaldehyde, epoly(EP), furan,
xylene-formaldegyde, sulfonamide-formaldehyde, silicone(SI), polyurethane
foam, formaldehyde resin, ketone resin, or the like.
The synthetic resin products made of the matrix of the present
invention may be applied to a variety of personal ornaments such as
necklaces, bracelets, rings or the like, as well as utensile goods such as
tablewares.
The products made of the matrix of the present invention can be
prepared, in case of the preparation of plastics, as plastic film(industrial
use, agricultural use), plastic lump, plastic upper board, plastic bar, pipe
and profile, plastic leather, plastic conveyor belt, vinyl wall paper,
recycled plastic raw material(powder phase), other plastic primary shaped
products, and can be applied, in case of preparation of plastic foamed molded
products, for foamed polystyrene(styrofoam etc.), and industrial foamed
molded products(including soft and hard products).
9
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
For the reinforced plastic molded products, plastics including plastic
machinery parts(adding durable, special reinforcing material), and other
reinforced plastic molded products can be produced, and for industrial
plastic shaping products, plastic electric and electronic machine parts,
plastic autocar parts, plastic-made cabinet for home appliances(cabinet for
T.V., audio or sewing machine), plastic furniture and other plastic
industrial machine parts(pure plastics) can also be produced.
Also household plastic products such as plastic table and kitchen
wares(tableware, dish, cup, knife, spoon and so forth), plastic hygiene and
cosmetic articles(washbowl, bathtub, soap case, waste basket and so on),
plastic button, plastic accessories and other household plastic molded
products can be prepared, and plastic molded package vessels such as plastic
box(fish box etc.,), plastic bottle or similar vessels, and other plastic
package vessels can be produced.
Namely, molded products made of the synthetic resin matrix of the
present invention can be prepared as various products according to the
classification based on the synthetic resin raw material as follows.
PE : bottle, tube, wire coat, food package, film ad pipe
PS : doll, kitchen articles, tableware, insulating materials, material
for packing, office supplies an parts for related industries such as autocar,
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
electrics and electronics
PP : container, pipe, film, artificial leather and parts for autocar
AS : kitchen ware, telephone parts and pipe
PVC : pipe, film, bottle, doll, disk, food container and wire coat
Acryl : optical lens, autocar supplies and protecting plate for T.V.
PA : bearing, houses and film
PC : electric parts
Fluororesin : gasket and coatings for frying pan
Polyester : various springs(elastic plate), using for metal insert and
gear bearing
RF : telephone parts, electric goods, cup and car handle
OF : button, lighting apparatus, clock, container, tableware and radio
case.
MF : bathtub, button, safety hat and tableware
Unsaturated Polyester : airplane parts, fuel tank, pipe, car body,
helmet and fishing rod.
EP : autocar parts, electric parts and medical supplies
PDAP : electric parts, terminal board and micro-switch board
PUR : wire coat and rubber
SI : tape, releasing agent and defoaming agent
11
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Furan : laminated plate and material for electric insulation
Xylene : laminated plate molded goods
Aniline : goods for electric insulation and laminated plate.
In addition, ABS, a high-quality resin which is positioned between
common resin and engineering plastic, can produce exterior finishing material
for electric and electronic goods, and autocar parts as well as telephone,
radio, toys, dolls and
In agricultural field, protection for chicken stall against chilling,
relieving agent for grain against vermin damage, vinyl house and pot for tree
planting.
In fishery field, container, artificial seaweeds and fishing
implements(rope, fishing net, floating element),
In food field, vessel and package for food,
In medical filed, blood vessel, the gullet, the urethra, the ureter and
articulation used in inside of the body, and teeth, eyes, nose, ear and skin
used in outside of the body, as well as syringe and diaper,
In pharmaceutical field, granules with coating and tablets,
In acoustic field, suoundproofing agent and anti-vibration agent,
In optical filed, spectacle lens, contact lens, safety glasses, sun
glasses and parts therof,
12
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
In textile field, nonwoven, carpet and rain coat
In paper filed, PE processed paper and plastic foam paper(ps paper)
in office supplies field, equipment such as de ~- and chair, writing
materials such as ball pen,
in household goods field, tablewares such as kitchen board, dish
washing stand and dish, table supplies and goods for baby such as doll, toy
and milk bottle, as well as basket, vegetable box and bathroom goods,
in machine field, axial arm " brake shoe, or the like
in flight field, wings(main, rear, assist), fuselage, window, bulletin
board and safety glass,
in shipping field, ship, porthole frame, porthole and door for cabin,
in autocar and vehicle field, safety glass, bumper, adiabatic material
for car baby and foamed cushion for sheet,
in communication field, telephone, switchboard and terminal box for
telephone
in electronic field, organic semiconductor,
in electric field, electric fan, washing machine, television, radio,
refrigerator and hairdressing tools,
in building field, interior- and exterior-finishing materials such as
ceiling material, wall material, floor material, tile and board for verandah,
13
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
in engineering works filed, admixture(for example, cement),
water-protecting plate and tree-planing in desert,
in information and printing field, synthetic resin type, synthetic
resin reprint, synthetic resin electric mold and magnetic tape,
in space development field, storage tank for liquid hydrogen and liquid
oxygen, and
in packing container field, plastic container and alternate plastic
film.
The molding process for synthetic resin matrix according to the present
invention is a well-known method and follows the methods described in the
Table 1 below.
Table 1
Injection molding (thermoplastic
resin)
Press molding(thermosetting resin)
Transfer molding(thermosetting resin)
Raw materials Extrusion molding(Thermoplastic
for resin)
the synthetic Blow molding (thermoplastic resin)
resin
Vaccum molding(thermoplastic resin)
Compression molding(thermoplastic
resin)
Deposite molding(thermoplastic resin)
The particle size of the nephrite jade powder used in the preparation
of the matrix according to the present invention may be selected as
considering the shape and use of the molded article. Generally, nephrite jade
14
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
powder having the particle size of 100-950 mesh is preferably used. If the
shape of the molded article is complicated, or increased ductility is
required, for example, in case that the article has a small thickness, more
fine particles(about 250-950 mesh) are preferable used, while 100-500 mesh
powder may be added in order to prepare a general molded article. If the
particle size is higher than the range, it is disadvantageous because the
surface roughness of the article becomes larger, while the particle size is
lower than the range, difficulties occurs in the pulverization.
The amount of nephrite jade added to the raw materials(resin)of the
articles is desirably 5-30%. If the amount is less than 5°k, the effect
of
nephrite jade can not be expected. The larger the amount, the better effect
of nephrite jade occurs. However if the amount is beyond the range, the cost
of the product is increase owing to the high price of nephrite jade.
The nephrite jade powder used in the present invention may be
originated from the remaining stone of nephrite jade after making the
products of personal ornaments, vessels or sculpture, on order to lower the
production cost to enhance the economics. By using the matrix, a variety of
goods for practical use which have the inherent properties of nephrite jade
may be obtained with far lower cost than that of the products made of
nephrite jade itself. Besides, the products made of the matrix of the present
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
invention have enhanced mechanical or thermal properties(such as heat
resistance, tensile strength, compression strength, etc) as compared to those
not containing nephrite jade.
The nehrite jade powder used in the present invention is
crytocrystalline tremolite of 6180 , having a composition shown in the
following Table 2.
Table 2 : Results of Semi-quantitative Analysis of the Nephrite Jade
Powder used in the present Invention(%)
Silicon 34 Tin 0.024
Magnesium 10 Berylium 0.00072
Calcium 4.9 Silver 0.0013
Iron 0.23 Titanium 0.0038
Aluminum 0.16 Nickel 0.0028
Copper 0.17 Chromium 0.0030
Cobalt 0.046 Other element0
Manganese 0.14
Description of the Preferred Embodiment
The preparation of matrix products which contain nephrite jade powder
according to the present invention, and effects demonstrated in the procuts
are described in more detail with reference to the following Examples.
Example 1
Nephrite jade powder(10 arts by weight) pulverized to 150 mesh of '
particle size mass admixed with 90 parts by weight of polyethylene, a kind of
16
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
thermoplastic resin, The admixture was injected into an injection mold
through the hopper, and heated to 100-130 C to press into the mold with
increasing ductility.
The molded articles of various type(a variety of vessels such as
tablewares, personal ornaments such as necklaces, bracelets or rings, and
other ornaments) were obtained after cooling the mold.
Example 2
Nephrite jade powder(10 parts by weight)pulverized to 150 mesh of
particle size was admixed with 90 parts by weight of polyethylene. The
admixture was injected into an injection mold, and heated to 35-45 C to press
into the mold with increasing ductility by using a ram.
The molded articles of various type(tablewares, teacups, ornaments,
necklaces, bracelets, rings or earrings) were obtained.
Example 3
Nephrite jade powder(10 parts by weight) pulverized to 300 mesh of
particle size was admixed with 90 parts by weight of polyethylene, The
admixture was injected into an injection mold, and heated to 35 to 35C to
press into the mold with increasing ductility by using a ram,
The molded articles of various type such as tablewares, teacups,
ornaments, necklaces, bracelets, rings or earrings were obtained.
17
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
The matrix products prepared as described above have high heat
resistance and impact resistance. Besides, if they are used as tablewares
the freshness of food can be maintained for a longer time by virtue of far
infrared ray generated from nephrite jade. In addition, in case of keeping
the ornaments of the present invention on human body, certain therapeutic
effects appear in the body.
Example 4
Nephrite jade powder(10-15 parts by weight) pulverized to 100-200 mesh
of particle size was admixed with a clay as a raw material of pottery. The
admixture was added to water and agitated. Molded articles of various type as
a jar, an iron pot, a sauce pan, bowls were obtained. The molded articles
was entered into a oven of 1200-1400 C and calcined.
This article was coated by a painting which was admixed with the
nephrite jade powder having a particle size of 300 mesh by ratio 10 parts by
weight The coated article was calcined at over than 1300 C and produced the
article.
Example 5
Nephrite jade powder(10-15 parts by weight) pulverized to 200-300 mesh
of particle size was admixed with a clay as a raw material of pottery. The
admixture was added to water and agitated. Molded articles of various type
18
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
such as table wares, teacups, ornaments, necklaces, bracelets or earrings
were obtained. The molded articles was entered into a oven of 1200-1400 C and
calcined.
This article coated by a painting which was admixed with the nephrite
jade powder having a particle size of 300 mesh by ratio 5-10 parts by weight.
The coated article was calcined at 1300 C and produced the article.
Example 6
Nephrite jade powder pulverized to 150 mesh particle size was admixed
with a melting glasses (90 parts by weight) in the process of Batch Mixing.
The above admixture which tapered in one side and the other side was drawn it
from melting pot with a blow pipe composed of gathering head gaping like a
corn and injected into Paste mold, and cooled to press to plunger.
The molded articles of various type (tablewares, tumbler, a dishes)were
obtained.
Example 7
Nephrite jade powder pulverized to 150 mesh particle size was admixed
with a melting glasses (90 parts by weight) in the process of Batch Mixing.
The above admixture was injected into twelve(12) mold of outer of rotational
table of Lynch press machine, and molded and cooled.
The molded articles of various type (a jug, a leg-tumbler)were
19
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
obtained.
Example 8
Nephrite jade powder pulverized to 150 mesh particle size was admixed
with a melting glasses (90 parts by weight) in the process of Batch Mixing.
The above admixture was injected into a gob feed stationary machine, and
molded a bottle in the parison mold. The molded article was drawn it from a
finishing mold, and cooled in the dead plate.
If they are used as tablewares, the freshness of food can be maintained
for a longer time by virtue of far infrared ray generated from nephrite jade,
In addition, in case of keeping the ornaments of the present invention o
human body, certain therapeutic effects appear in the body (see Experimental
Examples below)
Experiment Example 1
This is to examine whether lead, heavy metals or other toxic materials
exist in the nephrite powder used in the preparation of matrix of the present
invention.
Table 3 (Test for Lead content)
Samples Nephrite jade powder
Experimental Method Atomic Absorption Analysis
Results Not detected
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Table 4 (Test for heavy metal)
Samples Nephrite jade powder
Experimental Method USP 23
Results Not detected
Table 5 (Test for Dissociation of inorganic materials)
Samples Nephrite jade powder
The sample(about 100g)was extracted
Experimental Method with 1 ~ of water in an autoclave,
and the extract was analysed.
Results Listed below
Table 6
21
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Analysed MaterialResults(ppm)Detection limit(ppm)
As ND 0.05
Ba ND 0.20
Cd 0.006 0.005
C1 ND 1
Cr ND 0.01
Cu ND 0.05
Fe ND 0.10
Pb ND 0.05
Mn ND 0.02
Hg ND 0.0005
NOs ND 0 .1
Se ND 0.05
Ag ND 0.01
SOa 1.85 1
Zn ND 0.0~
ND=Not detected, or the concentration lower than the detection limit
As shown in the above experimental results, the nephrite jade powder
used in the preparation of the matrix of the present invention does not
contain any material having toxicity to human body, such as lead, heavy
metals or other materials. Thus, the articles prepared in the present
invention are proved to be safe if they are used as tablewares.
Experimental Example 2
The test cup(prepared according to Example 2) and control cup(made of
polyethylene) were filled with homogenized Grade A milk, and allowed to stand
22
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
for 48 hours at ambient temperature. Then, the milk was subjected to
analysis. The results are shown in Table 7 below.
Tests Control cup Test cup
Coliform Bacteia Absent/ml Absent/ml
Lactobacillus 4500 cfu/ml 3700 cfu/ml
Yeast & Mold Count310 cfu/ml 280 cfu/ml
Standard Plate Over 33x10b Over 3x10b cfu/ml
Count cfu/ml
Results : The number of microorganisms which are harmful to human body
was reduced.
Experimental Example 3
The interior finishing board for a refrigerator prepared from Example 1
was installed in a freezing room and a refrigerating room of a refrigerator,
and power consumption of the refrigerator was measured. The result showed
about 4.5~ of power-saving effect as can be seen from Table 8 below:
Table 8
23
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Temperature 30 1
of
laboratory(
C
)
Exp. Temperature 3 0.5
of
refrigerating
room(
C)
Condition
Temperature -18 0.5
of
freezing
room(
C)
Experimental
results
Reques t ed without the with the
va 1 ue board board of
of the presentthe present
invention invention
Monthly 76.86KWH/Month73.41KWH/Month
220V 58KWH/Month
Test Power 132.56 126.6%
item
consumpt
ion/ freezing 153 .~ 152.81 ~
room
usable
internalrefrigerating365 ~ 365.22 $
room
volumeTotal 518 ~ 518.03 ~
(+0.0%)
Experimental standard : Notice No.95-370 of the Industrial Advancement
Administration
Experiment Example 4
The experiment was performed to investigate the effect of
containers(bowls) made of the matrix containing nephrite jade according to
the present invention(example 1-3) on the freshness of pork when pork had
been stored in the bowl. The experiment was performed by Korea Food Research
Institute. Details are described below:
Pork was stored either in a jade-containing synthetic resin bowl or in
a plain bowl(control) for 0,4,7,14 or 21 days at 0 C or 4 C. One hundred
grams(100g) of pork cut from the ham part was kept in each container, while
the drip loss, meat colour, pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN : protein
denaturation) and lipid oxidation(TBA) were measured. The results are shown
24
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
in Table 9 bellow:
T.,1. 1 .. D
Temperature( 0 4
C
)
Container Control Jade Control Nephrite
jade
Color(~E) 53.70 4.34
pH 5 . 83 0
. 04
DayO ~BN 3 . 50 0
. 43
TBA 0 . 036
0 . 013
Co 1 o 55 . 80 49 . 30 54 . 90 56 . 50
r ( ~ 0 . O 1 0 .11 0 . 08 0 . 07
E )
pH 5.46 0.04 5.42 0.00 5.59 0.01 5.69 0.01
Day4 VBN 5.56 0.20 4.29 0.20 5.65 0.39 5.42 1.41
TBA 0.153 0.00 0.104 0.00320.122 0.0060.099 0.0025
Drip loss(~)0.14 0.57 0.54 0.01
Co 1 or 55 . 50 52 . 60 52 . 80 52 . 90
( ~ E 0 . 47 0 . 75 0 . 06 0 . 05
)
pH 5.770.03 5.840.01 5.560.01 5.650.01
Day7 VBN 2 . 36 0 2 . 32 0 3 . 48 0 2 . 59 0
. 00 . 00 . 45 . 22
TBA 0 . 234 0 . 203 0 . 239 0 . 203
0 . 013 0 . 006 0 . 006 0 . 019
Drip loss 1.02 0.17 1.90 0.43
()
Color(~E) 51.700.10 53.800.13 62.800.00 56.700.04
pH 5.500.01 5.670.03 6.710.00 5.910.02
Dayl4VBN 3.000.39 3.980.18 6.170.87 3.850.53
TBA 0 .162 0 0 .176 0 2 . 406 0 . 811
. 013 . 019 0 .191 0 . 089
Drip loss(~)0.92 0.27 2.70 0.19
Co 1 or 52 . 40 59 . 20 58 . 20 66 . 30
( ~ E 0 . 06 0 .13 0 .13 0 . 33
)
pH 6.410.01 6.070.00 7.240.00 6.690.01
Day21VBN 5 . 32 0 7 . 35 0 30 . 67 15 . 08
. 36 . 42 3 . 31 0 . 98
TBA 10 . 220 6 . 852 10 .15 0 2 . 298
0 . 230 0 . 274 .198 0 .102
Drip loss 1.11 0.35 0.85 0.25
()
VBN : mg%
TBA : mg Mal/kg of meat
Fig. 3A shows the effect of the jade container of drip loss(°k)
when
pork was stored at 0 C or 4 C for 21 days.
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Fig. 3B shows the effect of the jade container on meat pH when pork was
stored at 0 C or 4 C for 21 days.
Fig. 3C shows the effect of the jade container on VBN content when pork
was stored at 0 C or 4 C for 21 days.
Fig. 3D shows the effect of the jade container on TBA value when pork
was stored at 0 C or 4 C for 21 days.
Fig. 3E shows the effect of the jade container on meat colour when pork
was stored at 0 C or 4 C for 21 days.
As can be seen from the results, drip loss was much less in pork stored
in the jade bowl and tended to be considerably reduced as time passed by,
regardless of the storage temperature. As an important indicator of
postmortem change of muscles, pH normally reduces immediately after slaughter
and then remains as high as 6.5-6.8. In the present experiment, the type of
the container did not seem to affect pH change(though pH at 4 C was higher
than that at 0 C)and the VBN value(which indicates the degree of protein
denaturation) of pork directly. However, the TBA value (which indicates the
degree of lipid oxidation) was kept lower in pork stored in the jade bowl
regardless of the storage temperature. Meat colour was measured by a colour
different meter due to absorption and reflection of meat colour pigment. The
26
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
aE value was lower in the control(plain bowl group) than in the jade bowl
group at 0 C and no consistent tendency was observed in pork stored at 4 C
though the ~E value at 0 C was lower than that at 4 C.
This might have resulted from higher metmyoglobin formation due to more
dehydration caused by the high temperature.
From the experiment, if containers made of jade or packing
materials(such as polyvinyl film) coated with jade powder are used in storing
food, sanitary and quality might be maintained in the distribution of
corruptible food, thereby lengthening the shelf life and enhancing the
safety.
Experimental Example 5
The experiment is to examine the effects of a jade mug prepared from
Examples 1-3 of the present invention, which might change the taste
attributes of a beverage (commercial instant coffee) when the beverage is
served in a jade container. The experiment was performed by Department of
Food & Nutrition of Chung-Ang University and Korea Food Research Institute.
The details are described below:
1~ Object of the experiment
To examine the change in a jade mug or a plain mug(control).
2) Test method: Paired Preference Test
27
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
- to test preference of one sample over the other sample
- test attributes: test, aroma, aftertaste, colour
3J Sensory panels
- 20-25 senior students majored in food & nutrition at Chung-Ang
University in Korea(who are experienced with the panel test and have
knowledge on the test method)
4) Test period
- March to June, 1996
- Once a week
- Totally 10 times were performed
5) Test container and type of beverage
- A jade mug and a plain mug : both having same appearance
- Beverage : instant coffee (Taster's choice)
6) Sample preparation
- 1 tea spoon of coffee was mixed to 1/2 cup of 100 C water.
7~ Statistics : T-test (p ~ 0.05)
Results
1. Taste : coffee contained in the jade mug imparted a much less bitter
taste (p~0.5).
2. Colour & Aftertaste : The jade mug tended to give a better colour
28
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
and aftertaste, but statistically non-significant.
3. Aroma : The plain mug have a better coffee aroma than the jade mug,
but statistically non-significant.
*_ Table 10 below sho~rs the effect of the jade mug on the sensory
attributes of coffee.
Table 10
16
12.6
12 11.7 107106 11.8
.7 9.6 .6
8 Jade
~Cont ro
4
0
29
Taste Aroma Aftertaste Color
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Conclusion
The jade mug see to make the taste of coffee mild (which is proved to
be statistically significant). Aftertaste and colour of the coffee contained
in the jade mug was similar to or better than that contained in a plain mug
(not statistically significant). Aroma of coffee contained in a plain mug
was better than that in jade mug (not statistically significant).
Experimental Example 6
The experiment is to investigate the effect of jade-containing
synthetic-resin tiles and supernatant jade water after precipitation of jade
powder on the reproduction and growth in rats when jade tiles were placed on
the cage and jade water was fed instead of tap water. It was performed by
Korea Food Research Institute. The details are described below.
Thirty male and female Sprague Dawley rats (9 weeks old)were assigned
to each treatment. Rats of group A were housed in the cages placed with jade
tile and provided with tap water. Rats of group B were fed with supernatant
jade water after precitation of jade powder(2 mg/ml tap water), but no jade
t i le was placed on the cage. The rats of group C formed a control group(no
jade tiles and no jade water). Rats were mated for nine days and then male
rats separated and sacrificed for sperm concentration and motility tests. The
results are shown in Table 11 below:
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Table 11 : Effects of Jade Products on the Reproduction and
Growth of Rats .
Group A B
Parturition 9 9 8
(No. of
rats)
Litter size 96 (57/3 94(57/37) 102 (54/48)
( ~ / )
Litter size
(head/ ~ 11.81.9 10.91.4 12.82.1
rat)
Body weight
at 4.73 1.10 5.79 0.95 5.35 0.35
birth (q)
Mortality (No. 4 4 3
of
head)
Days from mating23.8 + 1.4 25.1 1.7 25.5 3.7(n=8)
(n=10) (n=9) I
to parturition
Body weight
at 43.45 8.04 42.73 8.76 42.07 10.71
weanin4 (4)
Body weight
at 2~-0 10.9 274.4 8.6 288.4 26.7 i
slau4hter (4)
Testis weight 3.90 0.21 3.57 0.30 3.99 ~ 0.15
(g)
Sperm
concentration 6.32 2 :A 4.80 1.3 4.60 1.9
( t Oe/ml)
Sperm motility 91.0 4.2 92.0 2.7 88.0 7.6
(%)
From the findings, jade tile(group A) and jade water (group B)
treatments had shown better parturition records. Parturition rates of groups
A and B (90°6, respectively) mere higher than those of group C (80~).
The
number of male puppies were higher in group A and B(3 puppies more.
31
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
respectively), although rats of group C gave birth to several (6-8) more
puppies. Also the length of time from mating to parturition was shorter in
group A rats than the other two groups of rats.
Besides these findings, sperm concentration and motility in both rats
of group A and B were superior to C. However, the effects for both jade tile
and jade water treatments at the same time were not investigated in this
study.
In conclusion, the results suggest that jade tile and jade water seem
to affect the reproduction and growth of rats: either jade tile or jade water
treatment groups had shown better indices of reproduction and growth. It
would be very valuable to investigate these effects further for future
application, These findings may be applied as basic data to the improvement
of reproductive efficiency and to strengthen the sperm concentration and
motility rate.
Experimental Example 7
The experiment is to investigate the relieving effect of various jade
products on the symptoms of diabetes mellitus when various jade products were
applied to streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats. It was performed by
Korea Food Research Institute. The details are described below. (See Fig s
4A,4B,4C,4D 4E and 4F)
32
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
To thirty-two(32) Sprague Dawley rats weighing 252-292g were given
streptozotocin [35-40mg(per kg of body weight) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate
buffer of pH4.0] peritoneally to induce diabetes. Seven days after
administration of streptozotocin, rats showing blood glucose levels higher
than 25 mg/d~ were selected based on uropaper (Eieken Chemical Co., Ltd,
Japan). Four experimental groups of 5 rats each were employed for 50 days of
experimental period. Group A rats were injected with l.Om~ of distilled jade
water peritoneally (pH 6.4) each day. Rats of group B were housed in cages
placed with jade tiles on the bottom throughout the experiment. Rats of group
C were fed with supernatant jade water after precipitation out of jade powder
as everyday drinking water. Group D rats as a control did not have any
treatment. Diets fed were commercial rat chow, ad the rats were cared for
according to the general practices. Rats were sacrificed on day 50 and blood
was collected from the abdominal aorta. Plasma were prepared from
centrifuging blood containing heparin at 5,000 rpm for 15 min, after standing
the blood at room temperature for 30 min, Organs(liver, kidney) taken out
were weighed and recorded. Measurements tested in blood plasma were
HBA(plasma a -hydroxybutyrate), FFA(free fatty acids), cholesterol,
HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride, The content of HBA is qualitatively
analyzed by measuring the increase of Absorbance(OD) of NADH, which is
33
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
produced by oxidation by ,B -hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, at 340nm. Lipids
in blood were measured by using a clinical kit(Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd.,
Japan).
Table 12 : Effects of Jade Products on the Body and Organ IPeight
Changes in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
Body weight Organ weight
(g) (g/t00g
body wt.)
Group
Beginning Ending Liver Kidney
A 270.4 11.3 271.749.4 4.31 0.33 1.020.12
B 284.86.1 279.620.4 4.300.64 1.01 0.18
C 280.4 13.2 315.741.1 3.960.75 0.870.14
D 252.24.2 194.826.3 4.370.19 0.780.04
Table 13 Effect of Jade Products on the Changes of Biochemical
Indices in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
GIUCOSe HBAx FFA TC' TG HDL
Group(m~100m1)(umol/ml) (pe4/ml) (mq/t00m1)(mq/t00m1)(mc~/t00m1)
A 639.2 0.782 507.6 166.2 410.7 32.35
99.Oa 0.481 226.6x 69.4 50. 5.94
x t
B 495.1 0.527 349.5 161.3 122.5 29.49
228. 0.296x 79.2x 45.3 43.5 1.71
t ~
C 354. t 0.425 287.3 145.4 87.9 30.55
154.2' 0.172x 7 t 29.1 29.2 8.28
.7
D 196.8 0.276 291.0 158.2 86.8 31.37
16.3 0.036 t 31.2' 12.2 3.4 3.84
P < 0.05
a,8 -hydroxybutyrate (ketone form)
bFree fatty acid
'Total-cholesterol
dTriglyceride(neutral lipid)
eHigh-density low-protein cholesterol
34
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
In terms of body weight, group C rats fed with jade water had shown
higher body weight than other groups, of which the body weight was reduced
(B,D) or maintained (A)at the end of the experiment, Kidney weights are
generally increased in DM patients, and this tendency also was observed in
this experiment. Kidney weight of group C was the lowest among the treatments
besides control. Liver weight was also increased owing to the induction of
diabetes, but liver weight was the lowest in rats fed with jade water.
Concentrations of blood glucose, ketone body and FFA were higher in the order
of groups A, B, C and D. Blood plasma cholesterol and triglyceride
concentration had followed the same tendency (A7 B~ CJ D) to the above
parameters mentioned. From the results, rats fed with fade water(group
C)showed comparatively lower values of all the parameters measured rather
than the other two experimental groups, and blood cholesterol and FFA
concentrations were lower in rats of group C than the control without any
jade treatment.
TC(blood cholesterol) and TG(neutral lipid)concentration was in the
order of A~ B~ C~ D. The result of glycemic index by blood sugar reaction
after meals changes dependent upon the researchers. However, in the
experiment, though commercial blended feed(TMR)was fed without considering
glycemic index of cereals, C group fed with jade water showed an effect for
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
alleviating hyperlipidemia, one of the diabetic symptoms. There occurred no
difference of HDL-cholesterol concentration between the test groups.
The administration of jade water to Streptozotocin-induced diabetic
rats showed effects of preventing the reduction of body weight, preventing
enlargement of kidney or liver as well as alleviating hyperlipidemia, one of
the diabetic symptoms.
Exnerioental Example 8
In order to examine the effect of jade-containing personal
ornaments(rings and bracelets) prepared in Examples 1-3 on blood pressure of
the human body, the experiment was performed by Korea l~iedicine Hospital
attached to Daejeon University. The details are shown in Table 14 to 16
below:
Table 14
(Object: 45 year old man) Period of Wearing: 7 days
Before wearingAfter wearing
heart rate HF~(Sa02) 81 BPM 76 BPM
blood pressure NIBP SYS 127 mmHg 128 mmHg
MEAN (107) mmHg (104) mmHg
DIAS 80 mmHg 76 mmHg
oxygen concentration (Sa02)91 % 93 ,o
pulse 81 BPM 76 BPM
36
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Table 15
(Object: 55 year old man)
Before wearing After wearing
heart rate HR(SaOz) 83 BPM 85 BPM
blood pressure _ NIBP 181 mmHg 173 mmHg
SYS
MEAN (142) mmHg (127) mmHg
DIAS 111 mmHg 110 mmHg
oxygen concentration (Sa02)95 % 95
pulse 83 BPM 85 BPM
Table 16
(Object 64 year old man)
Before wearing After
wearing
heart rate HR(SaOz) 68 BPM 68 BPM
blood pressure NIBP SYS 185 mmHg 176 mmHg
MEAN (117) mmHg (125) mmHg
DIAS (104) mmHg 105 mmHg
oxygen concentration (SaOz)74 % 96
pulse 68 BPM 68 BPM
E$yerinental Example 9
This experiment was performed by Chinese Medicine Hospital in Beijing.
The details are shown in the report of the Hospital as follows;
1. Sex and age
male : 35 people
female : 65 people
37
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
<_ 35 years : 13 people
36-50 years : 36 people
>- 66 years : 16 people
2. Progress of disease
<- 1 year : 25 cases
1-3 years : 28 cases
3-5 years : 38 cases
>_ 5 years : 9 cases
3. Type of disease
1) hypertension : 18 cases
2) irregular heart rate : 17 cases
3) complication of menopausal disorder and
nervous breakdown : 33 cases
4) disease of cervical vertebra : 12 cases
5) coronary arteriosclerosis : 5 cases
6) other diseases : 15 cases
Total : 100 cases
4. Observation of main syndrome
insomnia, ringing in the ears, dizziness, headache,
oppressed symptom, uneasy symptom, arthralgia, hypertension
Method of Observation
38
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
(1) Selection of case of disease and standard for diagnosis
Hypochondria, dizziness, palpitation, uneasiness, headache, disease
symptomized by thirst and rheumatism(in terms of western medical science,
hypertension, irregular heart rate, nervous breakdown, joint pain, diabetes
and complication of menopausal disorder)
(2) Method of observation
a) The selection of case of disease was randomly performed. Total
100 cases corresponding to the standard for diagnosis were selected and
treated as objects of observation.
b) process of treatment : observati.on was performed during two unit
treatment periods(one month as a unit treatment period).
5. Items of observation
(1) Clinical observation : Main clinical symptoms before and after
wearing the ornaments were observed.(insomnia, ringing in the ears,
dizziness, headache, oppressed symptom, uneasy symptom, arthralgia, change of
tongue, change of pulse, change of blood pressure)
(2) Items of test : Number of leukocytes, haemoglobins,
thrombocytes, erythrocytes, urine sugar, blood sugar, cholesterol, high
density lipoprotein, X-ray and electrocardiogram were tested before and after
wearing the jade products.
6. Criteria of remedial value
According to "How to determine remedial value of Chinese medical
39
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
treatment" published by Ministry of Sanitation, Pharmaceutical Department in
1988, the remedial values are evaluated as follows:
prominent and continuos treating effect : 4 scores(++++)
continuous and substantial effect : 3 scores(+++)
occasional or irregular effect : 2 scores(++)
rare effect : 1 scour(+)
no effect : 0 scour(-)
7. Decision of remedial value
depending on the integrated value of total scores
(1) Symptoms disappear after treatment : complete remedy
(2) Decrease of the integrated value more than 2/3 : prominent effect
(3) Decrease of the integrated value by 2/3-1/3 : positive effect
(4) Decrease of the integrated value less than 1/3 : no effect
1. Remedial value of main symptoms
Table 16 : comparison of change of symptom
Complete Prominent Positive Total
Symptom No effect
remedy() effect effect() efficiency()
(%)
Insomnia 31.30 17.20 32.80 3.10 96.90
Ringing in 60.90 2.20 28.30 8.70 91.30
the ear
Dizziness 46.00 20.60 20.60 12.70 87.30
Headache 51.40 8.10 24.3 16.20 83.80
Oppressed 36.20 6.40 44.70 12.80 87.20
symptom
Uneasy Symptom50.00 35.7 7.10 7.1U 92.90
Arthralgia 20 35.00 40 40 60.00
Hypertension0 50.00 22.22 22.22 77.80
As can be shown in Table 16, the remedial effect on insomnia was very
- CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
prominent. Total efficiency on insomnia was 96.9%; that on ringing in the ear
was 91.3; on uneasy symptom, 92.9%; on dizziness, 87.30; on oppressed
symptom, 87.2%; on headache, 83.80% and prominent effect also revealed on
arthralgia and hypertension.
2. Comparison of remedical value for each disease
Table 17: Comparison of remedial value for each disease
Complete ProminentPositive Total
Symptom No effect
remedy() effect() effect(~) efficiency(~o)
Hypertension 0 27.8 50.0 22.2 77.8
Coronary 0 20.0 60.0 22.0 80.0
arteriosclerosis
Irregular heart17,6 23.5 35.3 23.5 76.5
rate
Nervous berakdown12.1 33.3 39.4 15.2 84.8
Disease of 16.7 50.5 16.7 16.70 83.3
cervical vertebra
Others 26.7 6.7 26.7 40.0 60.0
Total 13 28 37 22 78
* note : ~ means the percentage of patients of the Hospital
As can be seen from Table 17, total efficiency of wearing nephrite jade
products for nervous breakdowm including the complication of menopausal
disorder was 84.8%; that for hypertension, 77.8% that for irregular heart
rage, 76.5%; and prominent effects of other diseases (diabetes, gastritis,
arthralgia) were also revealed.
3. Comparison of change of integrated value
41
' CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
Table 18: Comparison of change of integrated value
Total value Mean value per one person
Before treatment2075 2075
After treatment870 870
Difference 1205 1205
58.07 58.07
Table 19 : Comparison of total clinical remedial value
CompleteProminentPositive No Total
Remedicaleffect effect effect efficiency
Cases 13 28 37 22 78
13~ 28~ 37~ 22~ 78~
As can be seen from table 19, 13~ of the patients showed complete
remedy, 28~ of the patients showed prominent effect, and 37~ showed positive
effect (total efficiency : 76~).
5. During the period of clinical observation, 100 cases did not show
any adverse reaction, particularly on heart or liver.
As described in above Experimental examples, the nehrite jade powder
used in the matrix according to the present invention showed the following
effects:
1) In the test for freshness of pork, drip loss was much less in
pork stored in a jade bowl and tended to be considerably reduced as time
passed, regardless of the storage temperature. VBN(protein denaturation) and
42
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
TBA value(which indicates the degree of lipid oxidation) was kept lower, too,
in pork stored in a jade bowl;
2) In the sensory test concerning test, the jade mug seems to
make the taste of coffee mild(which is proved to be statistically
significant, p <0.5);
3) In the experiment to investigate the effect: of jade products
on the reproduction of rats(SD rate), the jade treated rats showed superior
ability of parturition, reduced time from mating to parturition and superior
sperm concentration and motility to the control group.
4) In the experiment to investigate the relieving effect of jade
on the symptoms of diabetes mellitus when various jade products were applied
to streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus rats, rats fed by jade water
showed lower lipid concentration in blood, so that jade products may be used
to alleviate hyperlipidemia, one of the diabetic symptoms.
5) In the study to investigate the effects of nephrite jade on
lowering blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) when jade
beddings were used, significant hypotensive effect has been shown as compared
to the control group. It was confirmed that systolic blood pressure has been
reduced by about 16 mmHg.
Also as shown in experimental example 3 to 8, use of the nephrite jade
43
CA 02258312 1999-O1-22
powder as the interior finishing board for a refrigerator showed an excellent
power-saving effect. Especially, the molded articles showed excellent effects
in treating pathological symptoms.
44
