Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
OILESS ROTARY SCROLL AIR COMPRESSOR TIPSEAL ASSEMBLY
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED AI?PLICATIONS
The present application is directed to similar subject
matter as is disclosed in the following U.S Patent
Applications:
"Oiless Rotary Scroll Air Compressor Crankshaft Assembly",
U.S. Patent Application Serial No. , filed on
by Michael V. Kazakis and Charlie E. Jones;
"Oiless Rotary Scroll Air Compressor Antirotation
Assembly", U.S. Patent Application Serial. No. , filed
on by Michael V. Kazakis and Charlie E. Jones;
"Oiless Rotary Scroll Air Compressor Antirotation
Lubrication Mechanism", U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
filed on by Michael V. Kazakis and
Charlie E. Jone s
"Oiless Rotary Scroll Air Compressor Axial Loading Support
for Orbiting Member", U.S. Patent Application Serial No.
filed on by Michael V. Kazakis and
Charlie E. Jones; and
"Oiless Rotary Scroll Air Compressor Air Inlet Valve",
U.S. Patent Application Serial No. , filed on
by Michael V. Kazakis and Charlie E. Jones.
The subject matter disclosed in each of the above
cross-referenced copending U.S. patent applications is hereby
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
expressly incorporated by reference with the same effect as if
fully set forth herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates, in general, to scroll
compressors which are used to compress a fluid, for example, a
gas such as a refrigerant for cooling purposes or ambient air
in order to furnish a compressed air supply.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a
tipseal assembly for use in such a rotary scroll compressor.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
So-called ~~scroll" compressors have achieved wider
application recently, particularly in the fields of
refrigeration and air conditioning, due to a number of
advantages which they possess over reciprocating type
compressors. Among these advantages are: low operating sound
levels; reduction in "wear parts" such as compression valves,
pistons, piston rings and cylinders (resulting in reduced
maintenance); increased efficiency as versus reciprocating
compressor designs; and cooler operating temperatures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART
While the number of wear parts in a scroll compressor may
be reduced in comparison to a reciprocating type compressor,
there are still a number surfaces which move relative to one
2
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
another and lubrication between these surfaces cannot be
ignored. One design for a refrigerant scroll compressor
utilizes an oil sump located in the lowermost portion of the
compressor housing and an oil pump which draws oil from the
sump upward to lubricate the moving parts of the compressor.
The oil used as a lubricant in such a design is relatively free
to mix with the air which is being compressed. Lubricating oil
which becomes suspended in the refrigerant is, for the most
part, separated therefrom by changing the direction of flow of
the refrigerant and by impinging the refrigerant on surfaces
located within the compressor. After it is separated, the oil
is then drained back to the oil sump.
However, due to the gas having been relatively free to mix
with the oil lubricant, the compressed gas exiting the scroll
compressor may still have a relatively high degree of oil
content. Such oil content may carry over to the compressed gas
supply system and have deleterious effects such as reduced life
of air driven mechanisms (e. g., air driven tools, brakes, etc.)
which utilize the compressed gas supply as a power source.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
One object of the present invention is the provision of a
rotary scroll compressor which is "oilers" in the sense that
the lubricant used to lubricate the various moving parts of the
compressor is not intermingled with the gas being compressed.
3
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
Thus, there is no contamination to the compressed gas due to
the lubricant, and additional special provisions or designs
need not be utilized for separating the lubricant from the
compressed gas prior to using the compressed gas.
Another object of the present invention is the provision
of a novel and inventive tipseal assembly for a rotary scroll
compressor which forms a substantially airtight seal between at
least one, preferably both, of the spiral flanges therein and
the base member of the opposing scroll element.
A further object of the present invention is the provision
of such a tipseal assembly for a rotary scroll compressor which
is inexpensive to manufacture and reliable in operation.
In addition to the objects and advantages of the present
invention described above, various other objects and advantages
of the invention will become more readily apparent to those
persons skilled in the relevant art from the following more
detailed description of the invention, particularly when such
description is taken in conjunction with the attached drawing
Figures and with the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one aspect, the invention generally features a tipseal
assembly for a scroll compressor, the scroll compressor
including a housing, a stationary scroll element mounted within
the housing substantially stationary with respect to the
4
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
housing, the stationary scroll element ;-ncluding a stationary
spiral flange, an orbiting scroll element disposed within the
housing, the orbiting scroll element _including an orbiting
spiral flange, each of the stationary and orbiting scroll
elements having a central axis, the stationary and orbiting
spiral flanges being intermeshed and nested with one another to
define a spiraling compression pocket therebetween, an orbital
drive mechanism for driving the central axis of the orbiting
scroll element in an orbit about the central axis of the
stationary scroll element while maintaining the orbiting scroll
element substantially non-rotational with respect to the
stationary scroll element, the tipseal assembly including an
inwardly extending groove formed in an end surface of at least
one of the stationary and orbiting spiral flanges, a
compressible element disposed substantially within and along at
least a portion of a length of the inwardly extending groove
formed in the end surface of the at least one of the stationary
and orbiting spiral flanges and a tipseal element overlaying
the compressible element and disposed at least partially within
the inwardly extending groove formed in the end surface of the
at least one of the stationary and orbiting spiral flanges.
In another aspect, the invention generally features an
improvement in a rotary scroll compressor of the type
described, the improvement including a t:ipseal assembly which
5
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
includes an inwardly extending groove formed in an end surface
of one of the spiral flanges, a compressible element disposed
within the inwardly extending groove and a tipseal element
overlaying the compressible element and being disposed at least
partially within the groove.
In yet another aspect, the invention generally features a
scroll compressor having a tipseal assembly and including a
housing, a stationary scroll element mounted within the housing
substantially stationary with respect to the housing, the
stationary scroll element including a stationary spiral flange,
an orbiting scroll element disposed within the housing, the
orbiting scroll element including an orbiting spiral flange,
each of the stationary and orbiting scroll elements having a
central axis, the stationary and orbiting spiral flanges being
intermeshed and nested with one another to define a spiraling
compression pocket therebetween, an orbital drive mechanism for
driving the central axis of the orbiting scroll element in an
orbit about the central axis of the stationary scroll element
while maintaining the orbiting scroll element substantially
non-rotational with respect to the stationary scroll element
and a tipseal assembly for forming a substantially airtight
seal, the tipseal assembly including an inwardly extending
groove formed in an end surface of at least one of the
stationary and orbiting spiral flanges, a compressible element
6
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
disposed substantially within and along at least a portion of a
length of the inwardly extending groove formed in the end
surface of the at least one of the stationary and orbiting
spiral flanges and a tipseal element overlaying the
compressible element and disposed at least partially within the
inwardly extending groove.
The present invention will now be described by way of a
particularly preferred embodiment, reference being made to the
various Figures of the accompanying drawings, wherein:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is perspective view of an oiless rotary scroll
compressor, constructed according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exploded isometric view of the inventive
oiless rotary scroll compressor.
Fig. 3 is a cross sectional elevational view of the
inventive oiless rotary scroll compressor.
Fig. 4 is another cross sectional elevational view of the
inventive oiless rotary scroll compressor, taken along a
section rotated approximately 90° from the section of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a cross sectional plan view of the inventive
oiless rotary scroll compressor.
Fig. 6 is an exploded isometric view of a crankshaft used
in the inventive oiless rotary scroll compressor.
7
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
Fig. 7 is a cross sectional elevational view of the
crankshaft of Fig 6.
Fig. 8 is an exploded isometric view of an anti-rotation
bearing employed in the inventive oiless rotary scroll
compressor.
Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view of the anti-rotation
bearing of Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 is a cross sectional elevational view of an
angular contact bearing assembly which is preferably utilized
in the anti-rotation bearing of Figs. 8 and 9.
Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view through an orbiting
spiral flange and a stationary spiral flange of the inventive
oiless rotary scroll compressor, showing a novel tipseal
assembly for providing a substantially airtight seal
therebetween.
Fig. 12 is an isometric view of a tipseal element utilized
in the tipseal assembly of Fig. 11.
Fig. 13 is an enlarged view of a portion of the
elevational cross section of Fig. 4, most particularly showing
an air inlet valve assembly used to provide ambient air to be
compressed to the inventive oiless rotary scroll compressor;
Fig. 14 is a cross sectional elevational view of an
alternative embodiment of the air inlet valve assembly.
8
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
Fig 15 is an exploded isometric view of the alternative
air inlet assembly of Fig. 14.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Prior to proceeding to a much more detailed description
of the present invention, it should be noted that identical
components which have identical functions have been identified
with identical reference numerals throughout the several views
illustrated in the drawing Figures for the sake of clarity and
understanding of the invention.
Referring initially to Figs. 1 and '~, a scroll compressor
constructed according to the present invention and generally
designated by reference numeral 10 generally includes a bearing
cap 12, a crankshaft 14 positioned within the bearing cap 12
and a stationary scroll 16. The stationary scroll 16 is bolted
to the bearing cap 12 through a circular arrangement of
bolts 18 with associated washers, lockwashers, etc. The
stationary scroll 16 itself is provided with a series of
radially extending fins 20 to improve the dissipation of heat
therefrom. In the presently preferred embodiment, the radially
extending fins 20 are preferably provided in the form of a
separate bolt-on heat sink. The radially extending fins 20
could, however, be furnished integral with the stationary
scroll 16. A hood 22 substantially covers the fins 20 and is
provided with a forced air intake 24 through which ambient air
9
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
is preferably forced toward the stationary scroll 16 and
fins 20 to aid in heat dissipation. This forced air escapes
through a central aperture 26 and through openings 28 and 30
provided about the periphery of the hood 22. The central
aperture 26 also provides clearance for a compressed air
discharge port 32 located in the center of the stationary
scroll 16, while the peripheral opening 30 additionally
provides clearance for an air inlet valve assembly 34 disposed
on a peripheral portion of the stationary scroll 16.
The crankshaft 14 is rotationally driven within the
bearing cap 12 by a rotational power source of choice. For
example, when the scroll compressor 10 is to be employed to
supply compressed air for a pneumatic braking system of a
diesel or electric rail transportation vehicle (e. g., a train
or light rail vehicle), the crankshaft 14 will typically be
rotationally driven by an electric motor. The crankshaft 19 in
turn drives an orbiting scroll element 3Fi in an orbital motion
within the bearing cap 12. The orbiting scroll element 36
meshes with a stationary scroll element 37 (shown in Figs. 3
and 4) which is preferably formed integrally with the
stationary scroll 16 and is described more fully below. The
mechanism by which the orbiting scroll e7_ement 36 is driven in
such orbital fashion is more clearly shown in
Figs. 3, 6 and 7, to which we now turn.
10
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
The crankshaft 14 includes an elongated shaft portion 38
having a central axis of rotation 40 about which the
crankshaft 14 is rotationally driven by the power source of
choice. An orbiting cylindrical bearing 42 is affixed to a
first distal end of the crankshaft 14 adjacent the orbiting
scroll element 36. Preferably, this first distal end of the
crankshaft adjacent the orbiting scroll element 36 is provided
with a recessed cup portion 44 formed integrally thereon, and
the orbiting cylindrical bearing 42 is disposed within the
recessed cup portion 44. The orbiting scroll element 36 also
has a central axis 46 and is provided caith a hub portion 48
which projects along this central axis 46 into the orbiting
cylindrical bearing 42 to thereby rotationally engage the
orbiting cylindrical bearing 42. The orbiting cylindrical
bearing 42 is positioned such that it is radially offset from
the central axis of rotation of the crankshaft by a distance r,
with the result that the orbiting cylindrical bearing 42, the
hub portion 48 and the orbiting scroll element 36 itself are
all driven by the crankshaft 14 in an orbital motion having a
radius of orbit equal to r about the central axis 40 of the
crankshaft 14.
In order to provide lubrication access to the orbiting
cylindrical bearing 42, the crankshaft 14 is provided with a
lubricating channel 50 which extends from its second and
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
opposite distal end to a point adjacent the orbiting
cylindrical bearing 92. Preferably, as shown, the lubricating
channel 50 extends along the central axis 40 of the crankshaft
member 14 to the recessed cup portion 44. Provision of the
lubricating channel 50 allows the orbiting cylindrical
bearing 42 to be lubricated from a readily accessible single
vantage point, namely, the second distal end of the
crankshaft 14, during maintenance.
The lubricating channel 50 also serves another function
during assembly of the scroll compressor 10. More
particularly, during assembly, the hub portion 48 of the of the
orbiting scroll element 36 enters the orbiting bearing 42.
During this step, the lubricating channel 50 serves as a vent,
allowing any air that would be otherwise trapped to be vented.
The crankshaft 14 is additionally preferably furnished
with a counterweight portion 52 that extends radially from the
shaft portion 38 in a direction opposite to the radial offset r
of the orbiting cylindrical bearing 42 from the central axis 40
of the crankshaft 14. The crankshaft. 14 is rotationally
mounted within the bearing cap 12 through the provision of a
main crankshaft bearing 54 and a rear crankshaft bearing 56.
The main crankshaft bearing 54 rotationally engages the shaft
portion 38 at a point that is between the first distal end near
the orbiting cylindrical bearing 92 and the second distal end
12
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
of the crankshaft 19, while the rear crankshaft bearing 56
rotationally engages the shaft portion 38 at a point that is
between the main crankshaft bearing 54 and the second distal
end of the crankshaft 14. Both of the main and rear crankshaft
bearings 54 and 56 may be, for example, of a caged roller
bearing design or a caged ball bearing design. The orbiting
cylindrical bearing 42 may be only of a caged roller bearing
design.
The main crankshaft bearing 54 is preferably positioned
within the bearing cap 12 by a main bearing sleeve 58 having a
radially inwardly extending lip 60. A z-ear bearing sleeve 62
similarly serves to position the rear crankshaft bearing 56
within the bearing cap 12. As seen most clearly in Figs. 6
and 7, a crankshaft locknut member 6:3 urges a crankshaft
lockwasher member 64 into contact with a rear surface of the
crankshaft rear bearing 56. The rear bearing sleeve 62 is
provided with an inwardly extending ledge 65. A snap ring 67
(shown most clearly in Figs. 9 and 7) snaps into an groove
encircling the exterior face of the rear crankshaft bearing 56.
The snap ring 67 limits axial movement of the crankshaft 19 in
an upward direction (as seen in Fig. 4), thereby locking the
crankshaft axially within the bearing cap 12.
As shown in Figs. 3 and 7, the recessed cup portion 44 is
provided with an annular ledge 66 spaced away from the bottom
13
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
of the recessed cup portion 99. The orbiting cylindrical
bearing 42 rests on this annular ledge 66 to thus create a
lubrication reservoir 68 beneath the orbiting cylindrical
bearing 42, the lubrication reservoir 68 being connected to the
lubrication channel 50. An orbiting seal 93 overlays the
orbiting cylindrical bearing 42 within the recessed cup
portion 44.
The orbiting scroll element 36 includes an orbiting base
member 70 and an orbiting spiral flange 72 projecting outward
therefrom. In order to provide the stationary scroll
element 37 referred to above, the stationary scroll 16 is in
turn provided with a preferably integrally formed stationary
spiral flange 79 which projects outward from the stationary
scroll 16 and has a common central axis 40 with the
crankshaft 14. As seen most clearly in Figs. 3 and 5, the
stationary and orbiting spiral flanges 74 and 72, respectively,
are intermeshed and nested with one another. For those not
familiar with the manner in which compression is achieved in a
scroll-type compressor, the compression mechanics may be
difficult to visualize. However, for those of ordinary skill
in the scroll-type compressor arts, the compression mechanics
are well understood. In brief, the stationary scroll
flange 74, being affixed to or an integrally formed portion of
the stationary scroll 16, is maintained stationary. The
14
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
orbiting scroll flange 72 executes an orbit of radius r with
respect to the stationary scroll flange 74 and, during such
orbiting motion, is maintained substantially non-rotational
with respect to the stationary scroll flange 74. In other
words, one may picture the stationary scroll flange 74 as
having a stationary central axis z(stationary) 40, as well as
remaining orthogonal coordinates x(stationary) and
y(stationary) lying within the plane of the stationary spiral
flange 74. One may also picture the orbiting spiral flange 72
as having an orbiting central axis z(orbiting) 46, as well as
remaining orthogonal coordinates x(orbiting) and y(orbiting)
lying within the plane of the orbiting spiral flange 72. In
such case the orbiting motion which causes compression can be
best described as an orbiting of the z(orbiting) central
axis 46 about the z(stationary) central axis 90, while the
remaining x and y axes of the stationary and orbiting spiral
flanges remain in a parallel relationship to one another. In
other words, the orbiting motion is accomplished with
substantially no relative rotational motion occurring between
the orbiting spiral flange 72 and the stationary spiral
flange 74.
During such described motion, a compression pocket will be
formed during each revolution of the orbiting spiral flange 72.
The compression pocket so formed will spiral toward the central
15
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
area of the intermeshed stationary and orbiting spiral
flanges 74 and 72, respectively, advancing and undergoing a
compression step during each orbit. The number of revolutions
required for a compression pocket so formed to reach a
compressed air output 76 (which is located generally in the
vicinity of the stationary central axis 90) depends on how many
revolutions each of the stationary and orbiting spiral
flanges 74 and 72, respectively, are provided with. In the
present embodiment, each of the stationary and orbiting spiral
flanges 74 and 72, respectively, is provided with somewhat over
three revolutions. Preferably, each of the stationary and
orbiting spiral flanges 74 and 72, respectively, extends over
an arc of about 1350°, i.e., about 33~ evolutions.
Referring now primarily to Fig. 5, the orbiting spiral
flange 72 has a radially outward terminus portion 78. As the
radially outward terminus 78 portion of the orbiting spiral
flange 72 separates from the corresponding portion of the
stationary spiral flange 74 during each non-rotational orbit, a
progressively wider gap is formed into which low pressure air
is introduced from a generally peripherally located suction
region 80. As the orbiting spiral flange non-rotationally
orbits further, this gap is eventually closed by the contact of
the terminus portion 78 with the corresponding portion of the
stationary spiral flange 74. The described action forms a
16
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
compression pocket which spirals inward toward the centrally
located compressed air output 76 during successive orbits of
the orbiting spiral flange 72. Two successive compression
pockets are generally designated as 82 and 84 in Fig. 5, with
the more radially inward compression pocket 84 being more
highly compressed than the more radially outward compression
pocket 82.
In order to prevent any relative rotational movement
between the stationary and orbiting spiral flanges 74 and 72
while simultaneously permitting the orbiting of the scroll
element 72 through the orbit of radius r under the influence of
the orbital drive mechanism described above, the scroll
compressor 10 is additionally provided with an anti-rotation
device 90 most clearly seen in Figs. 3, 8 and 9, to which we
now turn.
The bearing cap 12 is provided with a bearing face
portion 86 (seen in Figs. 2,3,4 and 9) which is formed as an
semi-annular ledge projecting radially inward from the interior
surface of the bearing cap 12. The bear__ng face portion 86 is
provided with a cutout 88 (seen in Fig. 2) in order to provide
clearance for the counterweight portion 52 of the crankshaft 14
during assembly/disassembly. Three anti-rotation assembly
assemblies 90 are arranged equidistant from and preferably
equally angularly spaced around the common central axis 40 of
17
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
the stationary scroll element 37 and the crankshaft 19. Thus,
the three anti-rotation assembly assemblies 90 are preferably
spaced at angular intervals of 120°. In the presently
preferred embodiment, each of the anti-rotation assembly
assemblies 90 is radially spaced outward from the common
central axis 40 of the crankshaft 14 and the stationary scroll
element 37 at a distance R which is preferably substantially
equal to about 5 inches.
Each anti-rotation assembly 90 includes a first rotational
bearing 92 which is mounted fixedly and stationary with respect
to the stationary scroll element 37, preferably in a the
bearing face portion 86 (as shown in figs. 3 and 9) and a
second rotational bearing 94 which is mounted fixedly on the
orbiting scroll element 36. Preferably, each first rotational
bearing 92 is disposed in a first cavity 96 provided in the
bearing face portion 86, while each second rotational
bearing 94 resides in a corresponding second cavity 98 provided
in the orbiting scroll element 36. Each anti-rotation
assembly 90 further includes an offset crank member 100 having
a first shaft portion 102 which engages the first rotational
bearing 92 and a second conically tapered shaft portion 109
which engages a similarly conically tapered cavity 110 provided
in a bushing member 106 which rotationally engages the second
rotational bearing 94. The first and second shaft portions 102
18
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
and 104, respectively, are aligned substantially in parallel to
one another and are separated by a radially offset distance r
which is substantially equal to the radial offset r between the
central axis 46 of the orbiting scroll element 36 and the
common central axis 90 of the stationary scroll element 36 and
the crankshaft 14, the distance r also being the radius of
orbit of the orbiting scroll element 36.
The present inventors have discovered that a particularly
effective method for providing the engagement between the
second shaft portion 104 of the offset crank member 100 and the
second rotational bearing 94 is through the provision of the
bushing member 106 which is itself non-rotationally engaged
with the second shaft portion 104 but is rotationally engaged
with the second rotational bearing 99. To this end, the second
shaft portion 104 is provided with a conically tapered
portion 108 which non-rotationally connects via a friction push
fit with the similarly tapered cavity 110 provided in the
bushing member 106. The non-tapered exterior periphery of the
bushing 106 then rotationally mates with the second rotational
bearing 94.
19
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
During operation of the scroll compressor 10, the pressure
that is built up (e.g., in the spiraling compression pockets 82
and 84) exerts an axial force, that is a force acting parallel
to the central axes 40 and 46 which tends to separate the
stationary and orbiting spiral elements 37 and 36,
respectively, from one another. From the viewpoint of merely
providing for a rotational motion between the first shaft
portion 102 and the first rotational bearing 92 and also
between the bushing member 106 and the second rotational
bearing 94, it is sufficient to furnish the first and second
rotational bearings 92 and 94, respectively, in the form of
conventional ball bearing assemblies o~ conventional roller
bearing assemblies. Back pressure could then, for example, be
utilized to balance or compensate for the above-noted axial
forces which tend to separate the stationary and orbiting
spiral elements 37 and 36, respectively. However, the present
inventors have discovered that by utilizing a particular type
of bearing for the first and second rotational bearings 92
and 94, respectively, the above-noted separating axial forces
may be neutralized directly, thus eliminating the requirement
of utilizing back pressure. In this regard, the rotational
bearing components 92 and 94, respectively, are each preferably
furnished in the form of angular contact bearing
assemblies 112, an example of which is shown most particularly
20
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
in Fig. 10. Fig. 10 shows the second rotational bearing 94
being provided as an angular contact bearing
assembly 112 and the positioning of t:he second rotational
bearing 94 relative to the central axis 40 and 96 during one
extreme of the rotational orbit. It will be understood that
the first rotational bearing 92 may be likewise provided in the
form of a similar angular contact bearing assembly 112.
Preferably, both of the first and second rotational bearing
components 92 and 94, respectively, are provided in the form of
an angular contact bearing assembly 112 As seen in Fig. 10, the
angular contact bearing assemblies 112 which are preferably
employed for the first and second rotational bearing
components 92 and 94, respectively, include at least one
bearing surface 114 and/or 116 which projects a non-zero
component parallel to the direction of t:he central axis 40 of
the stationary scroll element 37 and parallel to the direction
of the central axis 46 of the orbiting scroll element 36, both
central axes 40 and 46 being parallel to one another. Due to
the fact that the bearing surfaces 114 and/or 116 have a non-
zero component projecting in a direction parallel to the
central axes 90 and 46, the angular contact bearing
assemblies 112 are able to resist the above-noted axial forces
generated during compression which tend to exert a separating
force between the stationary and orbiting scroll elements 37
21
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
and 36, respectively. Preferably, the angular contact bearing
assemblies 112 employed are angular contact ball bearing
assemblies and are of a single row configuration. Such angular
contact ball bearing assemblies are available commercially and
are well known to those of ordinary skill in the mechanical
arts. Such angular contact ball bearing assemblies typically
include two such bearing surfaces 114 and 116 which are angled
so as to resist angular forces (i.e., having non-zero
components in two orthogonal directions) applied thereto.
While it is possible to provide the rotational bearing
components 92 and 94 in the form of sealed pre-lubricated
bearing assemblies, in its presently preferred embodiment, the
scroll compressor 10 includes a lubrication apparatus 118 for
allowing the rotational bearing components 92 and 94 to be
periodically lubricated. Provision of the lubrication
apparatus 118 allows for a longer life of the first and second
rotational bearing components 92 and 94, respectively.
Utilizing sealed pre-lubricated bearings could necessitate a
costly disassembly procedure for replacement of the bearings
near the end of their rated life. The provision of the
lubrication apparatus 118 is made possible by a further unique
construction of the anti-rotation assembly assemblies 90,
wherein each of the first rotational bearing components 92 is
fixedly mounted within the bearing cap 12 and wherein a
22
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
lubrication channel portion is provided which interconnects the
respective first and second rotational bearing components 92
and 94, respectively. Referring most particularly to Fig. 3, a
lubrication port 120 is disposed on the exterior surface of the
bearing cap 12 adjacent each of the anti-rotation assembly
assemblies 90. A lubrication channel 122 extends from each of
the lubrication ports 120 to at least a point adjacent the
first rotational bearing 92 of the associated anti-rotation
assembly 90. As is shown most particularly in Fig. 9, a
channel portion 129 passing through the offset crank member 100
extends the lubrication channel 122 so that it ultimately
extends to another point adjacent the second rotational
bearing 94. A lubricating agent (e. g., grease) introduced into
the lubrication channel 122 through the lubrication port 120
lubricates the first rotational bearing 92 via the first
cavity 96 provided in the bearing face portion 86 in which the
first rotational bearing 92 is mounted. Additionally, the
lubricating agent is conducted through the channel portion 124
in the offset crank member 100 to the second cavity second
cavity 98 provided in the orbiting scroll element 36, thereby
lubricating the second rotational bearing 94.
As noted above, the orbiting spiral flange 72 and the
stationary spiral flange 74 are nested and intermeshed with one
another to form the spiraling compression pockets illustrated
23
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
by the compression pockets 82 and 84 shown in Fig. 5. In order
to provide a substantially airtight seal for these spiraling
compression pockets (e. g., 82 and 84) the present scroll
compressor 10 employs a unique '~tipseal" assembly 126,
generally illustrated in Fig. 3 and most particularly shown in
Figs. 11 and 12, to which we now turn.
The orbiting spiral flange 72 projecting outward from the
orbiting base member 70 of the orbiting scroll element 36
terminates in an end surface 128 which is positioned
immediately adjacent to and opposes the stationary scroll 16.
Similarly, the stationary spiral flange 74 projecting outward
from the stationary scroll 16 terminates in an end surface 130
which is positioned immediately adjacent to and opposes the
orbiting base member 70. Each of the encl surfaces 128 and 130
are provided with an inwardly extending groove 132 and 139,
respectively. Preferably, each of the grooves 132 and 134
preferably extends substantially over the entire extent of the
associated end surface 128 and 130, respectively. A
compressible element 136 is disposed within the groove 132, and
another compressible element 138 is similarly disposed within
groove 134. A first tipseal element 190 overlays compressible
element 136, while a second tipseal element 142 overlays
compressible element 138.
24
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
The depths of the grooves 132 and 139, the heights of the
compressible elements 136 and 138 and the heights of the
tipseal elements 140 and 142 are all selectively chosen such
that, with these components are in their assembled
configuration and with the compressible elements 136 and 138 in
a substantially uncompressed state, each respective tipseal
element 140 and 142 extends beyond the respective end
surface 128 and 130 by a measurement ranging between
about 0.018 inch and 0.022 inch. Stated another way, the
combined height of the compressible element 136 and the tipseal
element 140 exceeds the depth of the groove 132 by about 0.018
inch to about 0.022 inch when the compressible element 136 is
in a substantially compressed state. Similarly, the combined
height of the compressible element 138 and the tipseal
element 142 exceeds the depth of the groove 134 by about 0.018
inch to about 0.022 inch when the compressible element 138 is
in a substantially compressed state.
When the scroll compressor is in its assembled state (for
example, as shown in Fig. 3), the compressible elements 136
and 138 will become somewhat compressed such that they exert
biasing forces on the respective tipseal. elements 140 and 142
urging them into contact with the respective opposing surfaces
of stationary scroll 16 and orbiting base member 70 to thereby
form substantially airtight seals for the spiraling compression
25
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
pockets (e.g., 82 and 84) formed between the nested and
intermeshed stationary scroll element 37 and orbiting scroll
element 36.
The present inventors have achieved good performance by
providing the compressible elements 136 and 138 in the form of
an elongated O-ring made of an elastomeric material, most
preferably a silicone rubber material, and even more preferably
a high temperature resistant O-ring material. Similarly, good
performance has been achieved by furnishing the tipseal
elements 140 and 192 in the form of a nc>n-metallic substance,
preferably a PTFE based product, and most preferably a
fluorosint material.
The air inlet valve assembly 34 discussed briefly above in
connection with Figs. 1 and 2 is more particularly illustrated
in Figs. 9 and 13-15, to which we now turn.
The air inlet valve assembly 34 is provided in order to
conduct ambient air to the suction region 80 (shown in Figs. 5
and 13) which is located generally peripherally around the
orbiting and stationary spiral flanges 72 and 74, respectively,
and to also prevent any backward rotation of the orbiting
scroll element 36 upon shut down of the power source which
drives the crankshaft 14. To this end, an air inlet channel 144
connects the ambient environment located outside of the bearing
cap 12 to the suction region 80 located within the bearing
26
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
cap 12. As shown in Fig. 4, the a,~r inlet channel 144
preferably passes through the stationary scroll 16. In the
configuration of Fig. 4, a portion of the air inlet channel 194
is formed by a air inlet port 146 formed in the stationary
scroll 16. The air inlet valve assembly 34 includes a valve
piston 148 which is positioned within the air inlet
channel 144. The valve piston 148 is moveable between a first
position (shown in Figs. 4, 13 and 14) wherein the valve
piston 148 substantially blocks any flow through the air inlet
channel 144 and a second position wherein the valve piston 148
substantially unblocks flow through the air inlet channel 194.
The valve piston 148 is biased toward the first blocking
position by a biasing member 150. More particularly, the air
inlet valve assembly 39 further includes a valve seat 152 which
is mounted stationary with respect to the stationary scroll 16,
and the biasing member 150 urges the valve piston 148 into
contact with the valve seat 152 thereby preventing flow past
the valve piston 148 and substantially b:Locking the air intake
channel 194. The valve seat 152 is disposed on the opposite
side of the valve piston 148 from the suction region 80, and
therefore, the force exerted by the biasing member 150 is in a
direction substantially away from the suction region 80.
In the embodiment shown in Figs. 2, 4 and 13, a valve
housing 159 is provided which connects to the stationary
27
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
scroll 16 via bolts 156. The valve piston 148 is disposed
within a valve cavity 158 that is formed within the valve
housing 154, and the valve seat 152 is provided as a surface
formed within the valve cavity 158 enclosed by the valve
housing 159. A valve stem 160 is connected to and extends from
the valve housing 154 in the direction of the suction
region 80. The valve piston 148 surrounds the valve stem 160
and is able to reciprocate in a sliding fashion thereon. A
first stop surface 162 is formed on the valve
piston 148. A second stop surface 169 is formed on the valve
stem 160 and is disposed between the first stop surface 162
formed on the valve piston 148 and the suction region 80. The
biasing member 150 is preferably provided in the form of a coil
spring 166 which encircles the valve stem 160 between the first
stop surface 162 and the second stop surface 169. The valve
piston 148 is able to slide along the valve stem 160 in the
direction of the suction region 80 to admit ambient air to be
compressed against the biasing force exerted by the coil
spring 166. Movement of the valve piston 148 in the direction
of the suction region 80 is limited by contact of the first
stop surface 162 provided on the valve piston 198 with the
second stop surface 164 formed on the valve stem 160.
In the embodiment of the air inlet valve assembly 34 shown
in Figs. 2, 4 and 13, it is possible that vibration
28
CA 02325752 2000-11-10
characteristics could be introduced by the presence of the
biasing element 150 (e. g., the coil spring 166). In such
cases, the present inventors have discovered that the biasing
element 150 (e. g., coil spring 166) and its associated
supporting structures may be eliminated from the design without
introducing any serious compromise in function.
Figs. 14 and 15 illustrate an alternative embodiment of
the air inlet valve assembly 34 which functions in
substantially the same manner as described above but which is
provided with a somewhat differently configured air intake
valve body 168 having an air intake conduit 170 extending
therefrom.
While the present invention has been described by way of a
detailed description of a particularly preferred embodiment or
embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in
the art that various substitutions of equivalents may be
affected without departing from the spirit or scope of the
invention as set forth in the appended claims.
29
