Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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1
10 INK-JET PRINTABLE SUBSTRATE WITH ANTICURL LAYER
Technical Field
The present invention relates to improved substrates
containing an anticurl layer. The improved substrates,
according to the present invention, are capable of improving
print quality and contributing to the light stabilization of a
colorant on the substrate, when the colorant is exposed to
electromagnetic radiation. Further, the improved substrates of
the present invention provide superior print quality and
colorant stabilization with minimal curling. The improved
substrates enable the production of a printed substrate having
superior print quality and minimal curl compared to
conventional substrates.
Background of the Invention
A major problem with colorants is that they tend to fade
when exposed to electromagnetic radiation such as sunlight or
artificial light and the like. It is believed that most of the
fading of colorants when exposed to light is due to
photodegradation mechanisms. These degradation mechanisms
include oxidation or reduction of the colorants depending upon
the environmental conditions in which the colorant is placed.
Fading of a colorant also depends upon the substrate upon
which they reside.
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Product analysis of stable photoproducts and
intermediates has revealed several important modes of
photodecomposition. These include electron ejection from the
colorant, reaction with ground-state or excited singlet state
oxygen, cleavage of the central carbon-phenyl ring bonds to
form amino ' substituted benzophenones, such as
triphenylmethane dyes, reduction to form the colorless leuco
dyes and electron or hydrogen atom abstraction to form
radical intermediates.
Various factors such as temperature, humidity, gaseous
reactants, including 02, 03, S02, and N02, and water soluble,
nonvolatile photodegradation products have been shown to
influence fading of colorants. The factors that effect colorant
fading appear to exhibit a certain amount of interdependence.
It is due to this complex behavior that observations for the
fading of a particular colorant on a particular substrate cannot
be applied to colorants and substrates in general.
Under conditions of constant temperature it has been
observed that an increase in the relative humidity of the
atmosphere increases the fading of a colorant for a variety of
colorant-substrate systems (e.g., McLaren, K., J. Soc. Dyers
Colour, 1956, 72, 527}. For example, as the relative humidity
of the atmosphere increases, a fiber may swell because the
moisture content of the fiber increases. This aids diffusion of
gaseous reactants through the substrate structure.
The ability of a light source to cause photochemical
change in a colorant is also dependent upon the spectral
distribution of the light source, in particular the proportion of
radiation of wavelengths most effective in causing a change in
the colorant and the quantum yield of colorant degradation as a
function of wavelength. On the basis of photochemical
principles, it would be expected that light of higher energy
(short wavelengths) would be more effective at causing fading
than light of lower energy (long wavelengths). Studies have
revealed that this is not always the case. Over 100 colorants of
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different classes were studied and found that generally the
most unstable were faded more efficiently by visible light
while those of higher lightfastness were degraded mainly by
ultraviolet light (McLaren, K., J. Soc. Dyers Colour, 1956, 72,
86).
The influence of a substrate on colorant stability can be
extremely important. Colorant fading may be retarded o r
promoted by one or more chemical groups within the
substrate. Such a group can be a ground-state species or an
excited-state species. The porosity of the substrate is also an
important factor in colorant stability. A high porosity can
promote fading of a colorant by facilitating penetration of
moisture and gaseous reactants into the substrate. A substrate
may also act as a protective agent by screening the colorant
from light of wavelengths capable of causing degradation.
The purity of the substrate is also an important
consideration whenever the photochemistry of dyed technical
polymers is considered. For example, technical-grade cotton,
viscose rayon, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyisoprene
are known to contain carbonyl group impurities. These
impurities absorb light of wavelengths greater than 300 nm,
which are present in sunlight, and so, excitation of these
impurities may lead to reactive species capable of causing
colorant fading (van Beek, H.C.A., Col. Res. Appl., 1983,
8(3), 176).
Conventional print substrates result in acceptable print
quality; however, certain print defects still exist resulting in
less than desirable print quality. Printing defects, such as
"feathering" and "wicking", undesirably spread the colorant or
colorant composition beyond the desired print pattern and/or
pull the colorant or colorant composition into the print
substrate. The result is a smeared print pattern, wherein a
substantial portion of the colorant or colorant composition
migrates below and beyond the intended area of the print
substrate.
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In order to improve the print quality and colorant
stability of print substrates, one or more coatings are applied
to the colorant-receiving surface of the substrate. Typically,
the coatings contain anti-wicking and anti-feathering
components, as well as, colorant stabilizers in a solvent such as
water. As the 'solvent is removed from the coating, the
substrate has a tendency to curl toward the coated surface. For
instance, a polyethylene/paper/polyethylene base substrate
coated with a coating on the colorant-receiving surface of the
substrate will have a tendency to curl toward the colorant-
receiving surface (i.e., when the colorant-receiving coating is
facing upward, the edges of the substrate have a tendency to
curl upward). Various attempts have been made in the art to
minimize the tendency of print substrates to curl. However,
these attempts have not been fully successful to date.
Therefore, there exists a need for improved substrates
which possess superior substrate stability. There is also a need
in the art for improved substrates having anticurl properties,
which are capable of providing superior print quality, with
minimal print defects, such as "feathering" and "wicking" of a
colorant composition. There is a further need in the art for
improved substrates having anticurl properties, which are
capable of minimizing print defects while providing significant
light stability from the effects of both sunlight and artificial
light for a wide variety of colorants and colorant
compositions.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention addresses the needs described
above by providing an improved substrate for colorants and
colorant compositions. The improved substrates possess an
anticurl layer, which minimizes the tendency of the substrate
to curl. The improved substrates of the present invention
enable the production of superior print quality while providing
enhanced lightfastness for colorants and colorant compositions
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against radiation including radiation in the visible wavelength
range.
The present invention also relates to improved substrates
comprising an anticurl layer on a back surface of the substrate
5 and a colorant-receiving composition of the front surface of
the substrate. The colorant-receiving composition provides
superior print quality and colorant stability to the substrate.
The present invention is also directed to improved
substrates comprising an anticurl layer on a back surface of the
substrate and a colorant or colorant composition on a face
surface of the substrate. The colorant or colorant composition
may contain one or more colorant stabilizers. Desirably, the
colorant stabilizers are represented by porphines having an
extremely short triplet state lifetime.
Unsurpassed substrate stability is achieved by combining
the anticurl layer of the present invention with a variety of
print substrates. Further, unsurpassed print quality, print
vibrance, colorant stability, and substrate stability is achieved
by combining the aforementioned improved substrates and
colorant compositions. These and other features and
advantages of the present invention will become apparent after
a review of the following detailed description of the disclosed
embodiments and the appended claims.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention is directed to improved substrates
having an anticurl layer thereon. The improved substrates
possess superior substrate stability, while enabling the
production of superior print quality and providing enhanced
lightfastness for colorants and colorant compositions against
radiation including radiation in the visible wavelength range.
The improved substrates are suitable for use with any colorant
or colorant composition, and especially colorant or colorant
compositions containing one or more light stabilizers.
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The improved substrate of the present invention
comprises a base layer coated with an anticurl layer. The
anticurl layer contains one or more polymeric binders and
optionally one or more sugars and/or starches. The base layer,
to which the anticurl layer is applied, includes, but is not
limited to, paper, ' wood, a wood product or composite, woven
fabric, nonwoven fabric, textile, plastic, glass, metal, or any
other substrate capable of maintaining the binder composition
thereon. Examples of suitable substrates are disclosed in U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 08/843,410, assigned to
Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc., the entire content of which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
The base layer may comprise one or more of the above
mentioned layers. In one embodiment of the present
invention, the base layer is a coated or uncoated fiber
containing substrate such as Photoglossy Base, Presentation
Matte Photobase, and High Quality Matte papers and
Wetstrength Media; a film such as White Opaque Films (e.g.
KIMDURAO, K-C), Clears Films (e.g. MELINEX~, ICI)
Backlit Films, and Vinyl; or a nonwoven such as TYVEK Iz .
Desirably, the base layer is a coated or uncoated paper. More
desirably, the base layer is a coated paper comprising a
cellulose sheet coated with a polymeric film, such as
polyethylene, on both sides of the paper. One particularly
suitable coated paper comprising polyethylene/paper/poly-
ethylene is available from Jen-coat Papers.
When the base layer is a coated paper comprising a
cellulose sheet coated with a polyethylene film on both sides of
the paper, one or more treatments may be used to improve the
wettability of the base layer with subsequently applied water-
based coatings. One such treatment is a corona discharge
treatment of the base layer. Another treatment is a gel coating
applied to one or both sides of the base layer. Particularly
suitable base layers having one or more of the above
treatments are commercially available papers from Schoeller
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Paper, designated SN1435 and SN1436. SNI435 is a 7.3 mil
paper having a satin finish and a face side gel coating. SN 1436
is a 6.2 mil paper having a high gloss finish, a face side gel
coating and a back side gel coat.
The anticurl layer may contain one or more polymeric
binders. Suitable hinder materials include, but are not limited
to, naturally-occurring polymers, synthetically-modified
naturally-occurring polymers or synthetic polymers as
exemplified in Water-Soluble Polymers, C. L. McCormick, J.
IO Bock, and D. N. Schulz, in Vol. I7, Encyclopedia of PolXmer
Science and Engineering, John Wiley and Sons, Publishers
( 1989), pgs. 730-84. Desirably, the binder composition
contains one or more of the following polymers:
polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylalcohol (PVOH),
polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate,
polyacrylamide, polymethacrylamide, polyethylene glycol,
carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose,
hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, polyacrylic
acid and polyacrylic acid salts, polymethacrylic acid and
polymethacrylic acid salts, polyvinylsulfonate and
polyvinylsulfonate salts, poly-2-acrylamido-2-
methylpropanesulfonic acid and poly-2-acrylamido-2-
methylpropanesulfonic acid salts, polyacryloxy-
trimethylammonium chloride, polymethacryloxytrimethyl-
ammonium chloride, and polydiallyldimethylammonium
chloride. In one embodiment of the present invention, the
binder composition contains hydroxypropyl cellulose,
carboxymethyl cellulose or a combination thereof.
The anticurl layer may also contain one or more sugars
and/or starches. Desirably, the one or more sugars and/or
starches comprise one or more dextrins. Suitable dextrins
include linear dextrins and cyclodextrins. Suitable linear
dextrins include, but are not limited to, linear dextrin available
from Archer Daniel Midland Corporation, Clinton, Iowa,
under the tradename CLINTON 926TM. Suitable cyclodextrins
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include, but are not limited to, a-cyclodextrin, ~3-cyclodextrin,
'y-cyclodextrin, 8-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl (3-cyclodextrin,
hydroxyethyl (3-cyclodextrin, hydroxyethyl a cyclodextrin,
carboxymethyl a cyclodextrin, carboxymethyl ~3 cyclodextrin,
carboxymethyl 'y cyclodextrin, octyl succinated a cyclodextrin,
octyl succinated ~3' cyclodextrin, octyl succinated 'y cyclodextrin
and sulfated ~3 cyclodextrin and sulfated 'y-cyclodextrin
(Cerestar USA Incorporated, Hammond, Indiana). Desirably,
the anticurl layer contains a linear dextrin, ~3-cyclodextrin ((3-
CD), hydroxypropyl (3-cyclodextrin (hp- j3-CD), or a
combination thereof.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the anticurl
layer contains from about 100 to about 10 weight percent
polymeric binder and from about 0 to about 90 weight percent
dextrin. More desirably, the binder composition contains
from about 75 to about 25 weight percent polymeric binder
and from about 25 to about 75 weight percent dextrin. Most
desirably, the binder composition contains from about 65 to
about 25 weight percent polymeric binder and from about 35
to about 75 weight percent dextrin.
In addition to the polymeric binder and the cyclodextrin,
the anticurl layer of the present invention may also contain
additional components. Examples of such additional
components include, but are not limited to, charge carriers;
stabilizers against thermal oxidation; viscoelastic properties
modifiers; cross-linking agents; plasticizers; charge control
additives such as a quaternary ammonium salt; flow control
additives such as hydrophobic silica, zinc stearate, calcium
stearate, lithium stearate, polyvinylstearate, and polyethylene
powders; fillers such as calcium carbonate, clay and talc;
surfactants; detackifiers; chelating agents; and TINUVIN~
compounds; among other additives used by those having
ordinary skill in the art. Charge carriers are well known to
those having ordinary skill in the art and typically are
polymer-coated metal particles. Desirable surfactants include,
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but are not limited to, C 12 to C 1 g surfactants such as cetyl
trimethyl ammonium chloride and carboxymethylamylose, and
other surfactants such as Triton X-100 and SURFYNOL~ 420.
TINUVIN~ compounds are a class of compounds produced by
Ciba-Geigy Corporation, which includes benzophenones,
benzotriazoles and hindered amines. Desirable TINUVIN~
compounds include, but are not limited to, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-
sec-butyl-5'-tert-butylphenyl)-benzo-triazole, poly-(N-13-
hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl
succinate and 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditertbutylphenyl)-5-
chloro-benzotriazole. The identities and amounts of such
additional components in the colored composition are well
known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Typically, one or
more of the above additives are present in the anticurl layer in
an amount of from about 1 to 14 weight percent based on the
total weight of the anticurl layer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the anticurl
layer contains filler material in the form of particles. The
incorporation of selected particulate material in the anticurl
layer results in a rougher outer coating surface, which
improves processibility (i.e., printer rolls grab the substrate
more readily), and prevents "set-off" (i.e., prevents extensive
contact between the anticurl layer and an adjacent sheet or
substrate). Particles having a particle size than less or equal to
the anticurl layer have been found to provide desirable print
quality. Any particle may be used in the anticurl layer
provided that the particle does not negatively affect the anti-
curling properties of the improved substrate. Suitable
particles include, but are not limited to, starch particles,
polyamide particles, polyethylene particles and aluminum
trihydrate particles. Desirably, the particles comprise
polyamide particles having a particle size of about 12 to about
50 microns.
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The anticurl layer is coated onto the base layer by any
conventional coating method including, but not limited to, rod
coating, dip coating, spray coating, gravure coating, knife
coating, slot coating, nip coating and roller coating.
5 Desirably, the anticurl layer is applied to the base layer by a
process wherein the anticurl layer is transferred from a bath
onto a roller which extends into the bath, and onto at least one
surface of the base layer. The coated base layer then passes
under or over a rod, which meters excess coating from the
10 base layer. Once coated, the base layer is dried in a
conventional oven or by any other means.
The amount of anticurl layer coated onto a surface of
the base layer may vary depending upon the type of base layer
used and the application of the final product. For example, a
base layer in the form of an uncoated paper may require more
anticurl layer coating than a base layer in the form of a coated
paper or film due to the increased porosity of the base layer.
Desirably, the anticurl layer is applied to a base layer to
produce a coating weight of from about 3.0 to about b0.0 g/m2
of base layer surface area. More desirably, the coating weight
is from about 9.0 to about 23.0 g/m2 of base layer surface
area. More desirably, the coating weight is from about 15.0 to
about 20.0 g/m2 of base layer surface area.
The present invention is also directed to an improved
substrate having an anticurl layer thereon and a colorant
receiving layer on an opposite side of the base layer.
Desirably, the improved substrate of the present invention
comprises a colorant-receiving layer as described in U.S.
patent application no. 09/058,385, filed on April 9, 1998 and
assigned to Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc., the entire
content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In one
embodiment of the present invention, the improved substrate
comprises a base layer, an anticurl layer on a back surface of
the base layer, and a colorant-receiving layer comprising
hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,
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hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and Triton X-100 on a front
surface of the base substrate.
The amount of the colorant-receiving layer applied to a
surface of the base layer may vary as with the anticurl layer.
Similar to the anticurl layer, a base layer in the form of an
uncoated paper may require more colorant-receiving layer
coating than a base layer in the form of a coated paper or film
due to the increased porosity of the base layer. Desirably, the
colorant-receiving layer is applied to a base layer to produce a
coating weight of from about 3.0 to about 60.0 g/m2 of base
layer surface area. More desirably, the coating weight is from
about 9.0 to about 23.0 g/m2 of base layer surface area. More
desirably, the coating weight is from about 15.0 to about 20.0
g/m2 of base layer surface area. Desirably, the amount of
colorant-receiving layer coating applied to the base layer is
equal to the amount of anticurl layer coating applied to the
base layer.
When the improved substrate of the present invention
comprises an anticurl layer and a colorant-receiving layer as
described above, the improved substrate may be formed by
any of the conventional coating methods described above. The
anticurl layer may be applied to the base layer first, dried, and
followed by the colorant-receiving layer, which is
subsequently dried. Alternatively, the colorant-receiving layer
may be applied to the base layer first, dried, and followed by
the anticurl layer, which is subsequently dried. Desirably, the
anticurl layer and colorant-receiving layer are applied to the
base layer and dried simultaneously. Care should be taken to
avoid contamination of one coating composition with the other
coating composition. A particularly suitable method for
forming the improved substrate of the present invention
comprises a process wherein an anticurl layer is applied to a
back surface of the base layer; a colorant-receiving layer is
applied to an opposite surface of the base layer; the base layer
is passed between upper and lower Meyer rods, which meter
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excess coating from both sides of the base layer; and the base
layer is dried in a conventional oven.
The improved substrates of the present invention may be
used as a print substrate for any colorant or colorant
composition. Desirably, the colorant or colorant composition
for use with the improved substrates of the present invention
comprises a colorant or colorant composition having improved
light stability, wherein a colorant stabilizer is associated with
the colorant. Such colorant and colorant compositions are
disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 0$/843,410,
assigned to Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc., the entire
content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. More
desirably, the colorant or colorant composition contains one or
more colorant stabilizers represented by porphines having an
extremely short triplet state lifetime. (See e.g., Kubat, et al.,
Photophysical properties of metal complexes of meso-tetrakis
(4-sulphonatophenyl) porphyrin, J. Photochem. and Photbio.
A: Chemistry 96 ( 1996), pgs 93-97 which is incorporated
herein by reference). Particularly suitable porphines include,
but are not limited to, porphines having the following
structure:
wherein R is any proton-donating moiety and M is cobalt,
copper or iron. Desirably, R is S03H,
S03H ~ ~ COOH ~ N-CH3
COOH, or R 1 COOH wherein R 1 is an alkyl group of from 1 to
6 carbons, or the corresponding salt thereof.
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Desirably, the colorant stabilizer is represented by the
porphines Cu-meso-tetra-(4-sulfanatophenyl)-porphine
(designated CuTPPS4) and Cu-meso-tetra-(N-methyl-4
pyridyl)-porphine (designated CuTMPS4), having the
following structure:
H03; 03H
H03S SO~H
or
:H~
'H
wherein the copper ion can also be substituted with a cobalt or
iron ion. It is also understood that in the case of CuTPPS4,
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CoTPPS4 or FeTPPS4, the sulfuric acid moieties may be
substituted with salts when in solution, such as sodium salts.
The colorant solution may be stabilized with about 0.1 % to
10% wt/wt porphine, more preferably about 0.3 % to 1 %
wt/wt porphine, and more preferably about 0.5% wt/wt
porphine. '
Although not wanting to be limited by the following, it
is theorized that the improved substrates of the present
invention along with the above stabilizing compounds act by
quenching the excited state of a dye molecule by efficiently
returning it to a ground state. This reduces the likelihood of
an oxidative or other chemical reaction occurring which would
render the dye chromophore colorless. The improved
substrates of the present invention in combination with the
above stabilizing compounds, provide stability to any dye o r
colorant. A non-limiting list of suitable dyes and colorants are
disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 08/843,410,
assigned to Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc., the entire
content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
In addition to the colorant and colorant stabilizer, the
colorant compositions applied to the improved substrates of the
present invention may also contain additional components,
depending upon the application for which it is intended.
Examples of such additional components include, but are not
limited to, one or more molecular includants; charge carriers;
stabilizers against thermal oxidation; viscoelastic properties
modifiers; cross-linking agents; plasticizers; charge control
additives such as a quaternary ammonium salt; flow control
additives such as hydrophobic silica, zinc stearate, calcium
stearate, lithium stearate, polyvinylstearate, and polyethylene
powders; fillers such as calcium carbonate, clay and talc;
surfactants; buffer/pH adjusters; chelating agents; wetting
agents; corrosion inhibitors; biocides; and TINUVIN~
compounds; among other additives used by those having
ordinary skill in the art. Charge carriers are well known to
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those having ordinary skill in the art and typically are
polymer-coated metal particles. Desirable surfactants include,
but are not limited to, C 12 to C 1 g surfactants such as cetyl
trimethyl ammonium chloride, carboxymethylamylose, and
5 acetylene glycols such as SURFYNOL~ 104E. Desirable
buffer/pH adjusters include, but are not limited to, borax,
hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. Desirable chelating
agents include, but are not limited to, EDTA and EDTA
complexes or salts. Desirable wetting agents include, but are
10 not limited to, ethylene glycol and glycerine. Desirable
corrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, a
benzotriazole sold under the tradename COBRATEC't 99.
Desirable biocides include, but are not limited to, 2,6-
dimethyl-m-dioxan-4-of acetate sold under the tradename GIV-
15 GARD DXN~. TINUVIN~ compounds are a class of
compounds produced by Ciba-Geigy Corporation, which
includes benzophenones, benzotriazoles and hindered amines.
Desirable TINUVIN~ compounds include, but are not limited
to, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-sec-butyl-5'-tent-butylphenyl)-benzo-
triazole, poly-(N-13-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-
hydroxy-piperidyl succinate and 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-ditet-t
butylphenyl}-5-chloro-benzotriazole. The identities and
amounts of such additional components in the colored
composition are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
The improved substrates of the present invention may
also be suitable for use with colored compositions within a
carrier. For many applications, the carrier will be a polymer,
typically a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer, with the
latter being the more common. Examples of suitable
thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers are disclosed in U.S.
Patent Application Serial No. 08/843,4 i 0, assigned to
Kimberly Clark Worldwide, Inc., the entire content of which
is hereby incorporated by reference.
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The present invention is further illustrated by the
following examples, which are not to be construed in any way
as imposing limitations upon the scope thereof. On the
contrary, it is to be clearly understood that resort may be had
to various other embodiments, modifications, and equivalents
thereof which, after reading the description herein, may
suggest themselves to those skilled in the art without departing
from the spirit of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
An anticurl coating composition was formulated by
adding the following components to 1470 parts of deionized
water: 25 parts of hydroxypropyl cellulose (Hercules
Chemicals), 75 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose (Hercules
Chemicals), 42 parts of linear dextrin CLINTON 926TM
(ADM, Clinton, Iowa), and 2 parts Triton X-100 (Rohm and
Haas). The composition was agitated and heated, as necessary,
to obtain a clear solution. The solution was allowed to cool to
room temperature before being applied to a substrate.
EXAMPLE 2
The anticurl coating composition of Example 1 was
applied onto 7 mil Jen-coat ink-jet photoglossy base sheets
using a rod coating method and oven dried. The Meyer rods
used were chosen so as to obtain a relatively fixed dry coat
weight of about 15 g/m2.
EXAMPLE 3
The anticurl coating composition of Example 1 was
applied onto a 6.2 mil Schoeller paper having a high gloss
finish, a face side gel coating and a back side gel coat
(Schoeller Paper, designation SN 1436). A rod coating method
was used so as to obtain a relatively fixed dry coat weight of
about 15 g/m2.
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EXAMPLE 4
The anticurl coating composition of Example 1 was
applied onto a back surface of Schoeller SN1436 paper and a
colorant-receiving composition was coated onto an opposite
surface of the paper. A rod coating method was used so as to
obtain a relatively fixed dry coat weight of about 15 g/m2 on
both surfaces. The coated paper was subsequently dried in a
conventional oven.
Having thus described the invention, numerous changes
and modifications thereof will be readily apparent to those
having ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the
spirit or scope of the invention.
