DIGITAL PUBLISHING AND DYNAMIC INTEGRATION

PUBLICATION NUMERIQUE ET INTEGRATION DYNAMIQUE

English Abstract

An electronic library system comprising an electronic bookstore storing a
multiplicity of electronic books, and a plurality of personal electronic
libraries associated with a corresponding plurality of workstations, each
individual personal electronic library comprising a library builder operative
to download selected ones from among the multiplicity of electronic books in
the electronic bookstore into the individual personal electronic library, and
a library research engine operative to search a plurality of books in the
individual personal electronic library.

French Abstract

L'invention porte sur un système de bibliothèque électronique comprenant un magasin électronique stockant une pluralité de livres électroniques, et une pluralité de bibliothèques électroniques personnelles associées à une pluralité correspondante de stations de travail, chaque bibliothèque électronique personnelle comprenant un générateur destiné à transférer les livres sélectionnés parmi la multiplicité de livres électroniques du magasin électronique dans la bibliothèque électronique personnelle, individuelle, et un moteur de recherche de bibliothèque destiné à rechercher une pluralité de livres dans la bibliothèque électronique personnelle, individuelle.

Claims

242
CLAIMS
1. An electronic library system comprising:
an electronic bookstore storing a multiplicity
of electronic books; and
a plurality of personal electronic libraries
associated with a corresponding plurality of worksta-
tions, each individual personal electronic library com-
prising:
a library builder operative to download
selected ones from among the multiplicity of electronic
books in the electronic bookstore into the individual
personal electronic library; and
a library research engine operative to
search a plurality of books in the individual personal
electronic library.
2. A system according to claim 1 wherein the
library research engine is operative to search all books
in the individual personal electronic library in a single
search operation.
3. A system according to claim 1 wherein the
library research engine is operative to accept a user's
definition of a subset of books in the user's personal
electronic library and to search only the subset of
books.
4. An electronic information reservoir comprising:
a multiplicity of books each of which is stored
as a separate object; and
a research engine including:
a book searcher operative to search indi-
vidual ones of the multiplicity of books and to generate
a book search output; and
a booksearch merger operative to merge

243
book search outputs of a plurality of searches performed
by the book searcher on a plurality of user-selected
books from among the multiplicity of books, thereby to
generate a global search output.
5. An electronic library system comprising:
an electronic bookstore storing a multiplicity
of electronic books; and
a plurality of personal electronic libraries
associated with a corresponding plurality of worksta-
tions, each individual personal electronic library com-
prising:
a library builder operative to download
selected ones from among the multiplicity of electronic
books in the electronic bookstore into the individual
personal electronic library; and
a book updater operative to perform an
automatic background update of at least a portion of at
least one electronic book in the individual personal
electronic library which has become outdated.
6. A system according to claim 5 wherein each
electronic book is organized as a hierarchy of book
portions each comprising a meaningful portion of the
contents of an electronic book and wherein the book
updater, when updating an electronic book, is operative
to update only those portions of the electronic book
which have become outdated.
7. A system according to claim 5 and also compris-
ing a network site which posts an update of at least a
portion of at least one electronic book which has become
outdated and wherein the book updater is operative to
automatically dial said network site.
8. An electronic book storage system comprising:

244
a first plurality of electronic books of a
first content type; and
a second plurality of electronic books of a
second content type;
wherein all of the first and second pluralities
of electronic books are organized in a single hierarchi-
cal format such that a single-hierarchical level within
said single hierarchical format stores:
meaningful chunks of information of the
first content type, each chunk comprising a meaningful
portion of an individual one of said first plurality of
electronic books of a first content type; and
meaningful chunks of information of the
second content type, each chunk comprising a meaningful
portion of an individual one of said second plurality of
electronic books of a second content type.
9. A system according to claim 8 wherein the first
and pluralities of electronic books include books of any
of the following content types:
cookbooks;
road atlases;
dictionaries;
encyclopedias;
telephone books;
picture books;
novels;
catalogs;
instruction manuals;
newspapers; and
newsmagazines.
10. A multimedia book generating system comprising:
a multimedia database storing a multiplicity of
multimedia elements; and
a digital book generator operative to generate

245
a digital book including text and at least one link from
a location in the text to at least one of the multiplici-
ty of multimedia elements in the multimedia database.
11. An electronic research method comprising:
storing a multiplicity of electronic books in
an electronic bookstore; and
associating a plurality of personal electronic
libraries with a corresponding plurality of workstations,
including:
downloading selected ones from among the
multiplicity of electronic books in the electronic book-
store into the individual personal electronic library;
and
searching a plurality of books in the
individual personal electronic library.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the
searching step comprises searching all books in the
individual personal electronic library in a single search
operation.
13. A method according to claim 11 wherein the
searching step comprises accepting a user's definition of
a subset of books in the user's personal electronic
library and searching only the subset of books.
14. A method for searching through electronic
information, the method comprising:
storing a multiplicity of books each as a
separate object; and
performing an electronic researching operation
including:
searching individual ones of the multi-
plicity of books and generating a book search output; and
merging book search outputs of a plurality

246
of searches performed by the book searcher on a plurality
of user-selected books from among the multiplicity of
books, thereby to generate a global search output.
15. An electronic library updating method compris-
ing:
storing a multiplicity of electronic books in
an electronic bookstore; and
associating a plurality of personal electronic
libraries with a corresponding plurality of workstations,
including, for each individual personal electronic li-
brary:
downloading selected ones from among the
multiplicity of electronic books in the electronic book-
store into the individual personal electronic library;
and
performing an automatic background update
of at least a portion of at least one electronic book in
the individual personal electronic library which has
become outdated.
16. A method according to claim 15 wherein each
electronic book is organized as a hierarchy of book
portions each comprising a meaningful portion of the
contents of an electronic book and wherein the update
performing step, when updating an electronic book, com-
prises updating only those portions of the electronic
book which have become outdated.
17. A method according to claim 15 and also com-
prising posting, on a network site, an update of at least
a portion of at least one electronic book which has
become outdated and wherein the update performing step
comprises automatically dialing said network site.

247
18. A method for storing electronic books, the
method comprising:
storing a first plurality of electronic books
of a first content type; and
storing a second plurality of electronic books
of a second content type,
wherein the stored information is organized in
a single hierarchical format such that a single hierar-
chical level within said single hierarchical format
stores meaningful chunks of information of the first
content type, each chunk comprising a meaningful portion
of an individual one of said first plurality of electron-
ic books of a first content type and meaningful chunks of
information of the second content type, each chunk com-
prising a meaningful portion of an individual one of said
second plurality of electronic books of a second content
type.
19. A method according to claim 18 wherein the
first and pluralities of electronic books include books
of any of the following content types:
cookbooks;
road atlases;
dictionaries;
encyclopedias;
telephone books;
picture books;
novels;
catalogs;
instruction manuals;
newspapers; and
newsmagazines.
20. A method for multimedia book generation, the
method comprising:

248
storing a multiplicity of multimedia items in a
multimedia database; and
generating a digital book including text and at
least one link from a location in the text to at least
one of the multiplicity of multimedia elements in the
multimedia database.

Description

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DIGITAL PUBLISHING AND DYNAMIC INTEGRATION
The present invention relates to apparatus and
methods for referencing information.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An article entitled "Westlaw White Paper Infor-
mation on Your Terms" describes considerations in provid-
ing information, such as information from the Westlaw
database, on the user's own terms. The article appeared
on Westlaw's Internet site and is marked with a copyright
date of 1997.
Microsoft markets a CD-ROM reference library
entitled "Microsoft Encarta Reference Suite 98" which
allows a user thereof to "learn proper research methods".
lstHooks Library, posted on the Internet and
bearing a 1997 copyright date, allows a user to download
virtual books directly to the user's computer. The Li-
brary has a Search by Keyword feature and a Browse by
Category feature in which all books matching the selected
category or categories are displayed.
Amazon.com! is posted on the Internet and is
self-described as a bookstore.
The disclosures of all publications mentioned
in the specification and of the publications cited there-
in are hereby incorporated by reference.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the general field
of reference software, more specifically in the field of
multimedia reference software. More particularly the
present invention relates a multimedia reference software

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product which, provides a method and system for building
and maintaining a dynamic library of books, provides a
method to incorporate more media items, and which allows
for efficient queries to be performed across any number
of books in real-time.
Multimedia reference software products are
becoming more and more numerous as home computers are
becoming a standard means by which to perform research.
It is common for multimedia reference software products
to contain a pre-defined number of books to perform
research on, and a pre-defined number of media items that
can be viewed.
One problem, which exists in such reference
products, is that the scope of information that is avail-
able to perform a query on is limited due to a finite
number of information in the product. Some products
allow for some sort of Internet connection to be avail-
able to allow for more search results, but the method for
performing these queries, including the sorting and
display of these results, is not organized or efficient.
It should therefore be apparent that a need
exists for a multimedia reference software product which
provides a method and system to dynamically add and
remove books, update these books, and add new media
items. There is also a need for this product to provide
a method and system for efficient queries to be performed
across books and displayed.
Preferably, the system of the present invention
includes the following features:
* The ability to support the researching of any
variable number of books that exists in the user's sys-
tem. These books exist in a predefined digital preferably
object oriented format as illustrated in Fig. 4. The
formatted digital books are the input data for the li-
brary research engine 150 of Fig. 1. The library research
engine 150 is typically not dependent on any particular

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book. It can service any book in the digital format.
* It is another object of the present invention
to provide a method and system by which data is presented
from a multiple number of books in real-time, and the
results merged. Data can include query results and media
items.
* It is another object of the present invention
to provide a method and system to add new books to the
end user library via the Internet or CD-ROM. These books
may include multi media items.
* It is yet another object of the present inven-
tion to provide a method and system to automatically
update books via the Internet.
There is thus provided, in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention, an elec-
tronic library system including an electronic bookstore
storing a multiplicity of electronic books, and a plu-
rality of personal electronic libraries associated with a
corresponding plurality of workstations, each individual
personal electronic library including a library builder
operative to download selected ones from among the multi-
plicity of electronic books in the electronic bookstore
into the individual personal electronic library, and a
library research engine operative to search a plurality
of books in the individual personal electronic library.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention, the library research
engine is operative to accept a user's definition of a
subset of books in the user's personal electronic library
and to search only the subset of books.
Also provided, in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, is an electronic
information reservoir including a multiplicity of books
each of which is stored as a separate object, and a
research engine including a book searcher operative to
search individual ones of the multiplicity of books and

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to generate a book search output, and a booksearch merger
operative to merge book search outputs of a plurality of
searches performed by the book searcher on a plurality of
user-selected books from among the multiplicity of books,
thereby to generate a global search output.
Also provided, in accordance with another
preferred embodiment of the present invention, is an
electronic library system including an electronic book-
store storing a multiplicity of electronic books, and a
plurality of personal electronic libraries associated
with a corresponding plurality of workstations, each
individual personal electronic library including a li-
brary builder operative to download selected ones from
among the multiplicity of electronic books in the elec-
tronic bookstore into the individual personal electronic
library, and a book updater operative to perform an
automatic background update of at least a portion of at
least one electronic book in the individual personal
electronic library which has become outdated.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention, each electronic book is
organized as a hierarchy of book portions each including
a meaningful portion of the contents of an electronic
book and wherein the book updater, when updating an
electronic book, is operative to update only those por-
tions of the electronic book which have become outdated.
Still further in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, the system also
includes a network site which posts an update of at least
a portion of at least one electronic book which has
become outdated and the book updater is operative to
automatically dial the network site.
Also provided, in accordance with another
preferred embodiment of the present invention, is an
electronic book storage system including a first plurali-
ty of electronic books of a first content type, and a

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second plurality of electronic books of a second content
type, wherein all of the first and second pluralities of
electronic books are organized in a single hierarchical
format such that a single hierarchical level within the
single hierarchical format stores meaningful chunks of
information of the first content type, each chunk includ-
ing a meaningful portion of an individual one of the
first plurality of electronic books of a first content
type, and meaningful chunks of information of the second
content type, each chunk including a meaningful portion
of an individual one of the second plurality of electron-
ic books of a second content type.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention, the first and pluralities
of electronic books include books of any of the following
content types: cookbooks, road atlases, dictionaries,
encyclopedias, telephone books, picture books, novels,
catalogs, instruction manuals, newspapers, and newsmaga-
zines.
Also provided, in accordance with another
preferred embodiment of the present invention, is a
multimedia book generating system including a multimedia
database storing a multiplicity of multimedia elements,
and a digital book generator operative to generate a
digital book including text and at least one link from a
location in the text to at least one of the multiplicity
of multimedia elements in the multimedia database.
Further provided, in accordance with still
another preferred embodiment of the present invention, is
an electronic research method including storing a multi-
plicity of electronic books in an electronic bookstore,
and associating a plurality of personal electronic li-
braries with a corresponding plurality of workstations,
including downloading selected ones from among the multi-
plicity of electronic books in the electronic bookstore
into the individual personal electronic library, and

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searching a plurality of books in the individual personal
electronic library.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention, the searching step in-
cludes searching all books in the individual personal
electronic library in a single search operation.
Still further in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, the searching step
includes accepting a user's definition of a subset of
books in the user's personal electronic library and
searching only the subset of books.
Also provided, in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, is a method for
searching through electronic information, the method
including storing a multiplicity of books each as a
separate object, and performing an electronic research-
ing operation including searching individual ones of the
multiplicity of books and generating a book search out-
put, and merging book search outputs of a plurality of
searches performed by the book searcher on a plurality of
user-selected books from among the multiplicity of books,
thereby to generate a global search output.
Further provided, in accordance with yet
another preferred embodiment of the present invention, is
an electronic library updating method including storing a
multiplicity of electronic books in an electronic book-
store, and associating a plurality of personal electronic
libraries with a corresponding plurality of workstations,
including, for each individual personal electronic li-
brary, downloading selected ones from among the multi-
plicity of electronic books in the electronic bookstore
into the individual personal electronic library, and
performing an automatic background update of at least a
portion of at least one electronic book in the individual
personal electronic library which has become outdated.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-

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ment of the present invention, each electronic book is
organized as a hierarchy of book portions each including
a meaningful portion of the contents of an electronic
book and wherein the update performing step, when updat-
ing an electronic book, includes updating only those
portions of the electronic book which have become outdat-
ed.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention, the method also includes
posting, on a network site, an update of at least a
portion of at least. one electronic book which has become
outdated and wherein the update performing step includes
automatically dialing the network site.
Also provided, in accordance with another
preferred embodiment of the present invention, is a
method for storing electronic books, the method including
storing a first plurality of electronic books of a first
content type, and storing a second plurality of elec-
tronic books of a second content type, wherein the
stored information is organized in a single hierarchical
format such that a single hierarchical level within the
single hierarchical format stores meaningful chunks of
information of the first content type, each chunk includ-
ing a meaningful portion of an individual one of the
first plurality of electronic books of a first content
type and meaningful chunks of information of the second
content type, each chunk including a meaningful portion
of an individual one of the second plurality of electron-
ic books of a second content type.
Further in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention, the first and pluralities
of electronic books include books of any of the following
content types: cookbooks, road atlases, dictionaries,
encyclopedias, telephone books, picture books, novels,
catalogs, instruction manuals, newspapers, and newsmaga-
zines.

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Also provided, in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention, is a method for
multimedia book generation, the method including storing
a multiplicity of multimedia items in a multimedia data-
base, and generating a digital book including text and at
least one link from a location in the text to at least
one of the multiplicity of multimedia elements in the
multimedia database.
Preferably, the system of the present invention
includes a Library Builder operative to add additional
content at any time without recompiling the index.
Preferably, the system provides a Book Integ-
rity feature whereby books remain modular objects even
after they are integrated into a user's library.
Preferably, the system is operative to perform
dynamic media retrieval such that linked media can sit
anywhere (including CD, hard drive and Internet) and be
displayed transparently to the end user.
The system typically provides an Auto-update
feature which updates all content modularly, typically
totally in the background.
An optional Book Preview feature allows a book
cover, specification and other contents to be viewed both
on and off line.
The system of the present invention preferably
provides a plurality of templates each of which describes
the behavior of a class of book categories. The template
properties typically include page presentation as well as
types of queries. For example, a cookbook template may
support ingredient queries and may have a page layout in
which ingredients and methods are displayed in different
fonts and styles.
The system preferably includes a template
sensor which automatically detects a template associated
with books and changes the display on the fly without
having to restart the application.

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One objective of a preferred embodiment of the
system of the present invention is to provide for the
consumer a dynamic library of books, and a strong search
engine with the capability of searching for specific
items within any or all of the books in the library.
The present invention also provides a method
for publishers to turn their regular printed books into
electronic books, which can then be added to a digital
library.
The original digital library comprises refer-
ence type books. The present invention permits users to
view electronic, multimedia books in their own, custom-
ized, personal library. In the first version the library
is only be able to contain books that reside on the
user's local hard drive or on an original DVB disk or CD.
Future versions are to add support for books that are
located on the Internet. Users are able to search within
their library to locate the information they want.
The structure of each book is defined by each
publisher. This means that the publisher decides how to
divide up the book's contents, including the organization
of text and the addition of multimedia items.
The User system is preferably able to create
and manage a personal library and to enable a user to get
to desired information quickly.
An optional Publisher's tool (Fig. 63) provides
the ability for publishers to create electronic books and
allows publishers to add multimedia Elements to their
books.
The user's system may be delivered on a DVD
disk or CD. On this DVD disk or CD there may be provided
an added value item such as an encyclopedia and/or an
atlas or dictionary. Additional books are typically
available from the Internet, or CD-ROM's.
The DVD disk or CD contains a media database
170 that is used both by the original set of books and by

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additional books that are created using the Publisher's
tool (Fig. 63).
The present invention is based on the typical
research process. When researching a topic the user
selects a set of books to research. The user then search-
es within this set of books and notes the articles that
interest him. The user then reviews more carefully the
selected articles keeping the articles that most interest
him, and then makes his report.
The system of the present invention models the
typical research process. There are preferably three main
parts in the system of the present invention. They are
the Library, the Research Center and the Hinder. The
Library allows the user to search for desired books. The
Research Center, which is the main part of the program,
contains many ways for the user to search within his
chosen books for the information that he wants. The user
then adds any desired items to the Hinder, and then he
can go to the Hinder view and concentrate more carefully
on his chosen items.
In the Library the user has the choice of
working in a standard Windows environment, or he can
choose to work with a rich, full window, graphical inter-
face. In the Library the user can organize his library.
He is able to group books together in bookshelves as
desired. An important part of the functionality of this
library is that the user is able to choose his own set of
books in the library that he wants to work at any time.
This set of books selected in the library forms the basis
for his research in the Research Center.
In the Research Center the user searches the
books in his library to locate those articles and media
items that interest him. The Research Center has two main
components, a Hrowser List and a Display Area.
The Browser List is used to browse the book
titles and select individual articles or media for dis-

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play. The user is also be able to find any information
that he wants in searching by keyword, full text, topic
or media. After activating a query only those articles or
media that result are displayed. Selecting an article or
media in the Browser List causes it to be displayed in
the Display Area. As the user finds items that he would
like to save for further viewing, he is able to press the
Add to Hinder button, which adds the item to a list to
be opened up in the eindez.
The Binder contains those books, chapters,
articles or multimedia items that the user chooses to Add
to Hinder. The user is easily able to switch between the
Binder and the other modes in the Research Center, allow-
ing the quick addition of new items to a binder.
The system of the present invention supports a
variety of templates. The templates allow customization
of the system's engine for different types of books. The
templates can specify, among other things, the layout of
the articles, the look of the Display Area, the topics
for the book and query options. Templates are discussed
in more detail hereinbelow.
FORMAT FOR DIGITAL BOOKS
Optionally, the structure of each book is
completely definable by the publisher using the publish-
er's tool of Fig. 63. This means that publishers can
divide a book into sections, chapters, subchapters and so
on if so desired. Alternatively a book can be one flat
list of articles. Optionally, the publisher also decides
which if any multimedia items are to be added to his
book, and to where they are placed in the book. The
publisher preferably is able to choose a format that
represents the information in the most meaningful way.
The Book Divisions: A general structure exists
for the divisions of a book that the publisher can choose

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to use. The book is at the top level (the root of the
tree). All publishers have this "book" level, but what is
below this level is what the publisher defines. The terms
for these different divisions are Media Groups 204, Media
Elements 202, Media Back Matter 203 and Associated Media
205.
Media Data Objects 202, 203 and 204 are used to
give the Book its hierarchical structure. They can be
sections, parts, chapters or sub-chapters in a book,
depending on what is relevant for each book. The Media
Data objects may have displayable data attached to them,
such as text and/or other types of media, which can be
viewed in the Display Area (in the main Media Window). Or
a media data object may just be a section to divide the
book up with no displayable data attached to it, such as
a chapter title that has nothing to display in the Dis-
play Area.
Multimedia data may be embedded in Media Data
Objects 202, 203 and 204 of type text. The embedded media
items are usually also Associated Media Items 205 in
their own right. The publisher may have embedded media
that is also an Associated Media Item 205 for something
like a formula.
Associated Media Items 205 are the multimedia
or text elements in the book that come to elaborate on
the Media Data Object 202, 203 or 204. Every Associated
Media Item 205 is directly connected to its parent Media
Data Object, and can be displayed either by choosing it
in the Browser List or by choosing it from the toolbar in
its parent Media Element window.
Associated Media Items 205 typically have
displayable data attached to it (such as text, pictures,
videos, sounds, animations etc.).
An example of an associated media item is
picture of a flag of Canada, which has as its parent
media element an article about Canada.

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Media Objects: Collectively, Media Containers
201, Media Elements 202, Media Groups 204, Media Hack
Matter 203 and Associated Media Items 205 are known as
Media Objects. Fig. 5 illustrates other types of media
objects, comprising data presented and processed by the
system.
The system of the present invention may be
multilingual. Multilingual versions may have a single
language user interface, defined at startup but are able
to display books in multiple languages simultaneously. In
order to easily flow into a multilingual version the
design and programming are based on the UNICODE character
set to support multilingual operation.
The system of the present invention preferably
allows a set of users to communicate while collaborating
on a research project.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will be understood and
appreciated from the following detailed description,
taken in conjunction with the drawings in which:
Fig. 1 is a simplified functional block diagram
of a digital book processing system constructed and
operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the functional layers of
the library research engine of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a functional block diagram of the
data layer of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a representa-
tion of a book as a hierarchy of digital media objects;
Fig. 5A is a diagram of a representation of a
user's briefcase as a hierarchy of digital data objects;
Fig. 5B is a diagram of a representation of a
user's bookcase as a hierarchy of digital data objects;

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Fig. 5C is a diagram of a representation of the
query hierarchical ID table of Fig. 6 as a hierarchy of
digital data objects;
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating dataflow
between tables stored in the system of Fig. 1,
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating dataflow
between the data layer of Fig. 2, and the GUI/navigator
interface of Fig. 2, via the navigator layer of Fig. 2;
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating navigators and
containers interacting in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a merging
process performed by the navigator level of Fig. 2, in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention;
Figs. 10 - 60 are screen displays generated by
a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figs. 61 - 62, taken together, form a simpli-
fied flowchart illustration of an example of a work-
session using the system of the present invention;
Fig. 63 is a flowchart illustration of a pre-
ferred method of operation for a publisher's tool con-
structed and operative in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 64 is a screen display of the main con-
tents of the book entitled "Treating Asthma, Allergies,
and Food Sensitivities" by Alan Pressman and Herbert D.
Goodman, Philip Lief Group, Berkeley, 1997, to which
tables in the specification pertain;
Fig. 65 is a simplified block diagram illustra-
tion of the book creation tool of Fig. 1; and
Fig. 66 is a simplified flowchart illustration
of a preferred method of operation for the book compiler
of Fig. 65.

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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Fig. 1 is a simplified functional block diagram
of a digital book processing system constructed and
operative in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention. The top-level functional block
diagram of Fig. 1 includes the following elements:
The system receives, from an external electron-
ic medium, book data 180 which may include multimedia
data and which may be provided in any suitable format
such as HTML format. A book creation tool 120 then trans-
forms the book data into a uniform hierarchical format
described in detail below. The output of the book crea-
tion tool 120 typically comprises uniformly hierarchical-
ly formatted book data 100, as described in detail below
with reference to Figs. 65 - 66.
The digital book 100 may be delivered to users
by any suitable means such as by posting on a network web
server such as an Internet site 130. Alternatively, the
uniformly hierarchically formatted books may be physical-
ly delivered to users, e.g. by conventional retail sale
in digital form, such as DVD form and/or in the form of a
CD-ROM 50 as shown.
An end-user system 135 typically includes a
library database 160 and a book accessor and manipulator
150, also termed herein "the library research engine".
According to one embodiment of the present invention,
books are downloaded from the Internet 130 to the library
database 160 in the user system 135. Alternatively,
however, the user system 135 may remotely access the
books via the Internet in which case the library database
160 may reside on an Internet server or may even be
omitted.
Optionally, a universal media database 170 is
provided which stores a multiplicity of multimedia ele-
ments 110 such as photographs, videos, sounds and anima-

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tions. These multimedia elements are linked to a plurali-
ty of books by the book creation tool 120. The universal
media database may reside either locally or remotely, on
an Internet server, or portions of the database may
reside locally and other portions or the database in its
entirety may reside on the Internet server. Additionally
or alternatively, each book may be linked to its own
individual media database (not shown). A particular
advantage of provision of a universal media database is
reduction of costs for preparing digital books since
preparation of the multimedia components of a book is
frequently a very costly component of the preparation
process as a whole. Another advantage is that multimedia
elements which are frequently used by a reservoir of
books may be stored centrally to enable reuse in conjunc-
tion with more than one book, or in conjunction with more
than one location in the same book, thereby reducing the
total size of the reservoir.
The media database 170 stores a media database
table 460 (Fig. 6) and also knowledge of how to access
and use the data in table 460.
The media database 170 is created by a media
database creation tool 190 which inputs multimedia ele-
ments 110 from external sources, using conventional
methods. Alternatively, a commercially available media
database may be employed which may be created using any
off-the-shelf database package such as Oracle (marketed
by Corporate HQ 500 Oracle Parkway Redwood Shores CA
94065) or Jasmin (marketed by Computer Associates Inter-
national Inc., One Computer Associates Plaza, Islandia
NY). If this is the case, the media is typically convert-
ed into, and stored in, a format which the library
research engine 150 can understand.
A preferred embodiment of the media database
170 is now described:
Preferably, each individual digital book does

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not contain any media in its own right. Instead each book
retrieves its media from a centralized place on the DVD
disk or CD. This 'database' contains a very wide variety
of media that may be used by many different digital
books. Each digital book accesses media via a Unique ID
that recognizes the media sitting on the DVD.
The following processes typically take place:
a. Books 100 are prepared in the
digital format through a Book Creation tool 120 by
taking HTML pages 180 and integrating search data and
multimedia into the book.
b. Media 110 are compressed, organized
and packaged into a Media Database 170 using a Media
Database Creation Tool 190.
c. The digital book is supplied via the
Internet 130 or CD-ROM 140 to end-users.
d. The library research engine 150 has
the ability to download books from the Internet. Th
engine 150 accesses, from a DVD/CD-ROM and/or the user
hard disk, a set of books to form a personal library
160.
e. Multimedia associated with books
reside on the user's DVD or CD-ROM in a Media Database
170. If not there then the engine 150 goes to a prede-
fined site on the Internet 130 to find multimedia.
A preferred embodiment of Media Database 170
(Figs. 1 and 3) is now described. The Media Database
resides on the main DVD disk or CD along with the digital
book Viewer, and contains thousands of various multimedia
elements that can be displayed using the digital book
viewer. The multimedia items are of a rich variety and
high quality. The type of multimedia elements which are
included here include animations, flags, maps, media
albums/slide shows, music, photos, speeches and videos.
When the publisher creates a book he is able to attach
any item from the media database to any item in the book.

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The publisher can choose to include as many multimedia
items as he would like to his book.
Preferably, Media Elements 202 and Associated
Media Items 205 that are of multimedia nature are not
actual media but point to the media which may be in the
overall media database on the DVD or CD or may be in a
media database that is particular to the book. Several
Media Elements 202 and/or Associated Media Items 205 may
point to the same picture, video, etc. The idea here is
to save disk space and downloading time from the Inter-
net, since the user already has all of the multimedia
located on his local system.
Videos are stored in separate files with the
suffix altered. Optionally, the system allows publishers
to append media to the overall media database for use in
several of their books or by other publishers.
A preferred embodiment of the user's system 135
of Fig. 1 is now described.
The system of the present invention supports a
dynamic library. This means that the user chooses which
books he wants to have in his library. Books may be added
or removed from this library, and a user can organize his
library using shelves. A user could have individual
shelves for each member of his family, or a separate
shelf set aside exclusively for cookbooks.
As mentioned above, there are both a standard
display of the library and a graphical display. When
something is altered in one of the views it is automati-
cally adjusted in the other view.
At any time the user has a set of active books,
called the "Research Desk", which are the books that
appear in the Research Center to work with. This means
that the user can choose to work with all of the books in
his library at a given time, or he can choose to work
only with a certain shelf of books or a combination of
books from different shelves. All of the books chosen,

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whether they are from a set shelf, or made up of a custom
set of books, appear in the "Research Desk" list. These
books appear in the Browser List in the Research Center.
When the user closes the digital book Viewer,
there is a user option allowing him to save the books
that he has chosen to be in the Research Desk so that
they reappear the next time he opens up the system.
When the user first installs the system of the
present invention, all of the books in his library
appear on the "Shelve Book" list. The user then has two
options. The first option is to have the librarian shelve
a new book, which places it on a pre-defined shelf. The
second option is for the user to choose a shelf to place
the book on.
The functions of the library regarding books
160 preferably include:
Adding (Purchasing) Hooks: The user has the
ability to add books from the following sources: Inter-
net, and/or CD-ROM/DVD. All books that are added are
loaded onto the user's local hard disk. Alternatively,
books may be physically located at a remote site. Books
can be added in the standard library dialog box by click-
ing on the "Add Hook" button. A dialog box appears
asking the user whether he wants to add a book from a
CD/DVD or from the Internet. In following the directions
the book can be added. Books can also be added from the
File menu on the top of the program.
Deleting Books: The user is able to remove
books from the library that are no longer being used.
Deleting a book deletes all the associated data from the
hard disk. If the user has loaded the book from a CD-ROM
he may re-add the book at a later time. If the user has
downloaded the book from the Internet then the book would
have to be re-downloaded if the user wants to get back
the book.
Books can be removed in the standard library

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dialog box by clicking on the "Delete Book" button. A
dialog box appears asking the user which book he would
like to delete from his library.
There is a strong warning for the user before
he permanently deletes the book, reminding the user that
once the book is deleted from his library he cannot get
it back (unless the user has a CD of the book that he can
reload if needed). Books can also be deleted from the
File menu on the top of the program.
Shelving Books: When the user adds a new book
to the library that book is preferably placed on a shelf.
If there are new books that need to be shelved, the
"Shelve Hooks" button is available. In addition to new
books, any other unshelved books appear in this list.
These are books that were once shelved but the user at
one point removed them from all of the shelves. There is
a way to identify which of these books are new (for now
this may be having the word New in brackets next to the
name of the book. If there are no new books or other
unshelved books to be shelved then the "Shelve Books"
button is disabled.
When the user has new books to be shelved he
has the choice to have the librarian put the book on a
pre-defined shelf (preferably defined by the Publisher's
Tool of Fig. 63) or he can choose a shelf to place the
book on. If the librarian shelves the book and the de-
fault shelf for that book does not exist yet in the
library, then that shelf is automatically created and the
new book is placed on it. If the user wants to shelve the
book himself then he can either place the book on a pre-
existing shelf in the library, or he can create a new
shelf to put the book on.
Here in the standard dialog box the user can
choose a book from the list on the left and either:
1. Click on the "Librarian Shelve Book"
2. Choose a shelf from the existing list of

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shelves and click on the "Shelve" button
3. Click on the "New Shelf" button and create a
new shelf, and then choose that shelf in the Shelf list
and click on the "Shelve" button. The New Shelf button
brings up the Shelf Properties dialog box allowing the
user to name the new shelf and write any desired informa-
tion about that shelf.
Copying and Moving Books Within the Library:
Unlike in a real library, in the digital library of the
present invention, the user can copy a book from one
shelf to another shelf, or from a shelf to the Research
Desk.
Copying to the Research Desk
Copying to another Shelf: In the standard
library dialog box the user can choose to view the books
that he would like to copy either by "Shelves" or by
"Hooks". Viewing by "Shelves" allows the user to see
which shelf or shelves a book resides on. It also allows
the user to copy a whole shelf of books over the Research
Desk or to another shelf at one time. Within a shelf the
books are listed in alphabetical order. Viewing by
"Hooks" allows the user to see a straight alphabetical
list of all of the books in his library. This can be
helpful if the user wants to copy a book but does not
know which shelf it resides on. There could be books in
this list that are in the library but have not been
placed on a shelf yet. Any books that have not been
placed on a shelf are listed in the "Shelve Books" list.
To put a book on a different shelf the user can
choose a book (or multiple books or a shelf) and press on
the "Copy" button or on the "Move" button to the other
shelf.
To place a book on the Research Desk the user
can choose a book (or multiple books or a shelf) and
press on the "Copy" button. If the Research Desk tab is
selected then the move button is disabled, since a book

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cannot be moved from a shelf to the research desk, it can
only be copied to there.
Sorting/Searching for Books: When choosing
which books the user would like to work with (place on
his Research Desk), the user is able to perform a search
on the books in his library to find the books that meet
certain criteria. Then he could choose which of these
books he wants to work with.
When purchasing new books the user is optional-
ly able to search for any compatible books which meet
certain criteria before purchasing the books to add to
his personal library.
Leasing Books: Optionally, the user is able to
temporarily add new books to the library by leasing them.
This is done through the Internet.
There is preferably a visual indication when a
lease is close to expiration, allowing the user to decide
whether to renew it or not. This feature is particularly
suitable for embodiments in which the books do not reside
locally on the user's disk but can physically remain on
the Internet.
Remote Access of Books: This feature permits
users to add books to the library that do not reside on
the local machine, such as a book on the Internet or on
an external drive. In this case the book would never be
downloaded to the user's hard drive, but the user would
be able to view the book in the system's Viewer.
Such a feature is especially useful when sup-
porting Network Computers, since the local machine does
not contain a hard disk.
Updating Books/Articles in the Library: The
user is able to update the information in his library as
new updates become available.
When an update is available there is a visual
indication, so the user knows it is available. There may
be an option for updates to occur automatically, without

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the user having to choose them each time they are avail-
able.
Book Properties: Optionally, the user is able
to view certain properties of a book such as: the book
cover, a short description of the book, the publisher,
the date of publication, copyright information.
The user is optionally able to back up a book
to a zip drive.
A preferred embodiment of the bookcase 602 of
Fig. 3 is now described. When the user first adds a book
to his library he has the choice of either having the
librarian place the book on a shelf or he can place the
book on a shelf that he chooses. If the user has the
librarian place the book on a shelf then that book gets
placed on a pre-defined shelf, which was preferably
defined in the Publisher's Tool (Fig. 63). If the user
would like to choose a shelf for the book then he can
either place it on an existing shelf or create a new
shelf to put it on.
Preferred functions of a shelf are listed
below. Most of the functions of a shelf are performed in
the "Book Shelves" tab.
In the Shelf tab the user can choose to view
any of the previously created shelves from the drop down
list box of shelves. When the user chooses a shelf then
all of the books that reside on that shelf appear in the
list box below.
New Shelf: A new shelf can be added to the
bookcase by clicking on the "New Shelf" button. For
example if the user is working on a term paper then he
could create a new bookshelf called "Stephen's Term
Paper", and copy into that bookcase only those books that
he needs for his term paper.
When the user creates a new bookshelf a small
dialog box appears allowing him to name the bookshelf,
and type in a description of that bookshelf if desired.

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The user can go back to this box at any time and alter
the information in it by choosing the bookshelf and
clicking on the "Shelf Properties" button.
When the user adds books to a new shelf they
are actually books that are copied from another shelf.
Books therefore can appear on more than one shelf at a
time.
Delete Shelf: The user can delete a shelf by
clicking on the "Delete Shelf" button and choosing a
shelf to delete. If the user chooses to delete a shelf,
and there is a book or books on that shelf which do not
reside on any other shelf, then those books would appear
on the "Shelve Books" list, and that button is available.
Remove a Book From a Shelf: The user can select
a book or a number of books in the currently displayed
shelf and remove them from that shelf using the "Remove
Book" button.
The term "Research Desk" refers to the collec-
tion of all active books and is represented in the screen
display of Fig. 41. The "Research Desk" list contains all
of the active books that appear in the Hrowser List of
the Research Center. The books in this List can be all of
the books in one shelf, or a combination of books from
different shelves.
Add Book(s): The user can add a single book to
the "Research Desk" list, or he can choose a whole book-
case and add all of its books to this list. In the
standard library dialog box the user can choose a book
from the shelves/books list on the left and click on the
"Copy" button to add it to the "Research Desk" list.
Remove Book(s): The user can remove a single
book from the "Research Desk" list, or he can remove all
of the books from this list at one time. In the standard
library he can click on one or more books and click the
"Remove Book" button below.
Save As Shelf: The user is able to save all of

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the books in his current "Research Desk" list as a new
shelf. In the standard library he can click on the "Save
As Shelf" button to create a new bookshelf. He then gets
the Shelf Properties dialog box displayed above allowing
him to name the shelf and add a description to it.
Reference is now made to Fig. 2 which is a
diagram of the functional layers of the library research
engine 150 of Fig. 1.
The library research engine 150 is the socket
that displays the books that exist in the user's system.
It is divided into five layers. Within each of these
layers exist sets of objects that interact with each
other.
These layers preferably comprise the following:
Database Wrapper 210: The Database wrapper is
a very thin layer that hides the actual database imple-
mentation from the rest of the program. Using this data
structure makes it possible to change the data storage
methodology to other technologies in the future. It is
also possible to have different books use different
database technologies.
Database layer 211: The database layer 211,
also termed herein "the data layer", is the layer that
manages all the raw elements of any digital book in the
system. Its aim is to supply requested data to higher
layers. This requested data can be, but is not limited
to, any of the following: media from the media database
170, HTML text 180 (Fig. 1), digital books from the
library 160; search results. The data layer accesses its
lowest level data via the database wrapper class 210.
Navigator 212: The aim of the navigator 212 is
to manage lists of data objects (Figs. 4 and 5) that it
receives from Data Layer 211, and to permit the
GUI/navigator interface layer 213 to access this data as
required via simple list type calls such as GetNextObject
and GetPreviousObject.

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The navigator 212 mainly deals with lists of
information. These lists can potentially be very large
(e. g.. The results of a query.) It is the navigators'
212 task to make sure that the data is accessed and
supplied efficiently to the end user, as described in
detail below. Decisions pertaining to caching of results,
and 'when to access' the data are preferably made by the
navigator 212.
The navigator 212 also merges data from
different books in the user's library. For example, a
search may be performed on each of 3 different books,
yielding three separate alphabetical lists. These lists
are typically merged to obtain a query result including a
single alphabetical list.
GUI/navigator interface 213: The aim of the
GUI/navigator interface 213 is to supply a set of ob-
jects for a User interface 214. The aim is to package
the contents of layers 210, 211 and 212 into a set of
API's such that any User Interface 214 can ask for
information and present the information to the end user.
The GUI/navigator interface 213 works together with
navigators 212. As described in detail below, Navigator
212 supplies lists of a very basic type of class called
a Data Object (Figs. 4 and 5). There are many different
types of data objects (HTML data objects, video data
objects, etc.) each of which may be viewed differently by
the system. Each type of data object may have different
properties that the GUI/navigator interface 213 recog-
nizes for handing over to the GUI.
Preferred data object types are described
herein with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 and may include
any element of data used by GUI/navigator interface 213
such as an article, a complete book, a bookshelf, or a
multimedia item. Data objects are typically created in
the Data layer 211 responsive to a request, from GUI 214,
for a data objector a set of data objects such as a

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query. The data layer 211 receives the request, prepares
a data object or list of data objects accordingly, and
supplies this through an object termed herein Data Sup-
plier 704 (Figs. 7 and 9).
The Navigator 212 manages the resulting lists,
including, for example, merging of several lists pertain-
ing respectively to several books associated with a
single query. The Navigator 212 sometimes requests more
Data Objects from-the data suppliers 704 when required.
The Navigator feeds information to the GUI/Navigator
Interface 213 responsive to GetNext and GetPrevious
requests, i.e. GUI/Navigator Interface 213 can get data
objects by requesting them from navigator 212.
Graphical User Interface 214: The GUI is shown
in Figs. 10 - 60.
The research center, as shown e.g. in Fig. 20,
preferably includes the following components:
a. Browser list -- list of information items
currently available to user as shown on left half of
screen in Fig. 20,
b. Display area -- displays an information item
accessed by the user by selection from the browser list
or by hyperlinking or by manipulating the article naviga-
tion bar in top right hand side of Fig. 20
c. Status and system navigation bars -- as shown
on bottom and left, respectively, of screen display of
Fig. 20, the status and navigation bars allow user to
view and change his or her status within his or her
library and to move easily to different locations in the
system.
The User interface layer 214 is the presenta-
tion layer of the system. It presents information from
the interface 213 as well as accepts User request from
the user to get or alter data from the GUI/Navigator
interface 213.
Reference is now made to Fig. 3 which is a

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simplified functional block diagram of the Data Layer 211
of Fig. 2. The system of the present invention includes
one or more digital books 100. The list of books is
stored in the Library 160. Books can be added from a
Internet Bookstore 175 or CDs. Updates can also be
received from an Internet Bookstore 175. The user is
able to organize his books in a Bookcase 602. Each book
supports a set of queries 604 as defined by the tem-
plate 608 and a hierarchical view of articles 606. The
user may bookmark particular articles and place them in a
binder in his Briefcase 603. Articles 606 may also be
linked to media from the Media Database 170. Each book
has a set of attributes 612, including attributes data
and procedures for manipulating this data. The attributes
data are typically stored in Attributes table 427 of Fig.
6.
Bookcase 602 typically stores a bookcase table
473 (Fig. 6) and also knowledge of how to access and use
the data in table 473.
A "binder" is a collection of articles which
the user has chosen to group together.
The user's "briefcase" is the collection of all
the binders that the user has defined. A briefcase 603
typically stores a briefcase table 449 (Fig. 6) and also
knowledge of how to access and use the data in table 449.
The library 160 is used to keep information in
the system of the present invention about all the books
that a user owns. The database tables 401, 423, 427, 430,
440, 485 and 490 (Fig. 6) for each of the books may
reside on the user hard disk or CD-ROM/DVD. The library
160 then points to the location of each book.
The Library 160 is the gateway to the Data
layer 211. It is the first object created and the last to
be deleted. When the Library is created it creates ob-
jects for the Bookcase 602, Briefcase 603 and each of
the books 100 in the system. The Library 160 maintains

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a complete list of books 100 in the Library Table 493.
Adding and deleting books is done by updating the Library
Table 493.
The Library Table 493 is also used to main-
tain an active set of books. The active set is the set
currently being queried. All other books are stagnant.
The library is the gateway for accessing files
and getting information from specific books. All requests
for data are channeled through the Library to the appro-
priate book.
A preferred embodiment of Bookcase 602 is now
described.
The user can organize the books in her library
into bookshelves which need not be mutually exclusive as
to the books placed on them. For example, there may be a
shelf for encyclopedias, a shelf for old books and a
shelf for Judaica and an old edition of the Judaica
encyclopedia may be positioned on all of these shelves.
The Bookcase manages the set of bookshelves. Each Book-
shelf comprises one or more books. A book may appear on
multiple bookshelves and may be freely moved between
bookshelves. A Bookshelf has a name, an optional user
defined description, a list of books that are on that
bookshelf.
There is one special purpose bookshelf that
cannot be deleted. It is the librarian bookshelf. The
librarian is used to hold new books that have never been
assigned to a bookshelf. Every book typically appears on
at least one bookshelf. If the user deletes a book from
all the bookshelves then it appears on the librarian
shelf.
The Briefcase 603 stores a series of binders.
Binders allow the user to organize articles into projects
or topics of interest. Each binder can have articles,
media or Internet sites inside.
The Media Database 170 is the central storage

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site for media shared across books. This enables multiple
books to share one physical piece of media and saves on
disk space. The Media Database 170, or parts of it, may
reside on the CD/DVD, Hard Disk or Internet. Media is
first looked for on the hard disk, then on the CD/DVD and
finally on the Internet.
This allows overloading of media. If it is
desired to update a particular piece of media on the
CD/DVD then a record can be added to the media database
table 460 of Fig. 6 on the hard disk with the ID for the
media and the updated media. Then the program finds the
updated media first.
The media database 170 stores a media database
table 460 (Fig. 6) and also knowledge of how to access
and use the data in table 460. Bookcase 602 typically
stores a bookcase table 473 (Fig. 6) and also knowledge
of how to access and use the data in table 473. A brief-
case 603 typically stores a briefcase table 449 (Fig. 6)
and also knowledge of how to access and use the data in
table 449.
Templates 608 are preferably provided which
define certain characteristics that are common to a set
of books. Common characteristics include the media for-
mats and how to display them, the defined query types and
the global set of valid values for searches on a prede-
fined set of items such as media types or subjects.
A "template" is defined for each type of book
accommodated by the system. For example, the system may
have a separate template for each of the following:
cookbooks, children's picture books, atlases, reference
books, novels, catalogs, art books. The template for an
individual book type defines the types of query that can
be performed for a book of that type and the types of
media that can be associated with a book of that type.
The digital library database 160 of Fig. 1
typically stores the following three "template tables"

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for each template defined:
a. Query types table 445
b. Query ID table 420
c. Query hierarchical ID table 467
The above three template tables are now de-
scribed in detail:
a. The query types table 445 defines the types of
query available in a particular template. For each query
type, a language-specific name is provided, an internal
system name is provided and the implementation method for
the query type. For example, the system may support four
possible implementation methods such as ID, hierarchical
ID, string and section.
The above four query type implementation meth-
ods are now described in detail.
ID -- There is a predetermined set of valid
responses. For example, a media query may have only the
following as valid responses: photo, animation, video,
speech, sound, music, map, flag.
Hierarchical ID -- Like ID, except that the
valid responses are organized into a hierarchical tree
for the purposes of display to a user. For example, a
subject search query may have a very large predetermined
set of valid responses which are displayed to the user in
hierarchical groups such that the user would encounter a
"history" entry which, if selected, would cause the
following entries to be displayed: French history, Ameri-
can history, British history, etc. Similarly, the user
would encounter an "animals" entry which, if selected,
would cause the following entries to be displayed: mam-
mals, reptiles etc. and if "reptiles" is selected then
the following entries would be displayed: snake, lizard,
etc.
String -- A valid response is any of a plurali-
ty of strings of characters corresponding to the user's
current set of active books. The plurality of strings are

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typically predefined by defining one or more strings for
each article in each book, resulting in predefinition of
the valid responses once the user has selected a given
set of active books. The string or strings defined for
each article typically comprise keywords in that article
or other strings of characters in that article which are
considered crucial by a producer. Typically, the input to
the book compiler 120 (also termed herein the "book
creation tool") includes the string or strings defined
for each article in the book is to be compiled.
Section -- A full text search of a user-select-
ed section of an article. Typically, the input to the
book compiler 120 includes markings for certain sections
within a book, typically within each article of the book.
For example, the input for a cookbook typically includes
a marking of the ingredient section of each recipe
(article) in the cookbook such that the Section query
type implementation method can be used to perform an
ingredient search. Another example is that the input for
substantially any book typically includes a marking of
titles such that the Section query type implementation
method can be used to perform a title search.
b. The Query ID table 420 stores information
pertaining to the predetermined set of valid responses
for an ID implementation method. For each valid response,
the table 420 stores an ID and an associated name. For
example, a media query may have 8 valid responses having
the following names: photo, animation, video, speech,
sound, music, map, flag. Each valid response also has an
ID such as the numbers from 1 to 8 respectively.
c. Query hierarchical ID table 467: Stores infor-
mation pertaining to the predetermined set of valid
responses for a hierarchical ID implementation method.
The table is similar to table 420 except that it also
includes hierarchical information for each valid response
such as the following: the ID of the valid response's

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parent, the number of sons which the valid response has
and the position of the valid response in the list of
valid responses which are the sons of the valid re-
sponse's parent.
A preferred embodiment of the Templates 608 in
Fig. 3 are now described. Provision of templates allows a
variety of types of books to be displayed differently and
have some different functionality, all within the same
digital book viewer. This allows for a large selection of
different types of books to exist in the system of the
present invention. Each type of book preferably has a
template. Initially only a general reference template,
appropriate for encyclopedias, dictionaries and the like
and an atlas template may be provided. Optionally, other
templates may be provided, such as one for cookbooks.
Every book is preferably defined to use one template.
Some specialized templates may require an update to the
program.
The template typically comprise the following:
a. The subject list table (the set of topics and
sub-topics that can be assigned to a Media object)
b. The fields for a search
Items like the GUI layout, active set of books,
current Media Element 202 and Associated Media Item 205
are preferably stored when the user exits the program and
reloaded when the program is restarted.
Each Digital Book 100 preferably comprises:
a. a plurality of articles 606 arranged in a
hierarchy;
b. a query system 604 defining the types of query
which can be performed on the articles, where "article"
is a general term referring to a meaningful portion of a
book existing within a breakdown of a book into a
hierarchy of meaningful portions; and
c. attributes 612, typically stored in Attributes
table 427 of Fig. 6, which include information relating

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to the book as a whole which are not defined as arti-
cles. Attribute information includes, for example, pub-
lishing information, author and title, book classifica-
tion information such as ISDN, Dewey Decimal class and
Library of Congress number, information regarding the
book's appearance such as font, etc.
Each book 100 preferably comprises all informa-
tion required for browsing, searching and displaying the
book. This information, for each individual book, is
stored in some or all of the following tables, also
termed herein the "book tables" (Fig. 6): tree table 401,
viewdata table 430, attributes table 427, query ID
results table 440, query string results table 423, liben-
try table 485, query hierarchical ID results table 490
and library table 493. The choice of tables selected to
store information for a particular book depend on the
types of query which is it desired to provide for that
book, as described herein with reference to the book
creation tool of Fig. 1.
EXAMPLE: In a book about a medical disorder,
two types of query were provided: media query and keyword
query. The query information was stored in the following
tables: query ID results 440, query string results 423.
In an encyclopedia, the following types of
query were provided: media query, keyword query and
subject query. The query information was stored in the
following tables: query ID results 440, query string
results 423, query hierarchical ID results 490.
No combining of "book tables" is done between
books. Each book is totally independent of any other
book in the system because all information regarding the
book is stored in tables which contain no information
about any other book.
A preferrer embodiment of Query System 604 is
now described. Each book stores its query data separate-
ly. In addition to actually performing queries, the Query

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System can also provide a list of which items are present
in a book for a particular type of query. For example if
there is a query that displays media items according to
their type, the query system knows in advance which media
types are present in the book. The results of any query
typically comprise a list of articles that satisfy the
query.
The library research engine 150 presents to the
user the available queries according to his current
active set of books. There are typically five different
types of queries: Full text, section, string, ID AND
hierarchical ID. "Full text" is a standard full text
search. "Section search" does a full text type search on
only a section of each article e.g. the title or an
ingredient). "String search" works on an unlimited set of
strings that are assigned to an article, such as a key-
word). "ID search" works on an unlimited set of IDs that
are assigned to an article (e. g. media type). "Hierarchi-
cal ID search" works on an unlimited set of IDs that are
assigned to an article where the IDs are organized in a
hierarchical manner, e.g. a hierarchy of subjects.
Each book also has a set of attributes 612 such
as author, publisher, page formatting and so on that is
stored for the overall book as attributes, typically in
Attributes table 427 of Fig. 6.
Addin Books to the Virtual library 160: The
system preferably supports many books in a virtual li-
brary that are only related to each other in that they
are in the digital object-oriented format of the present
invention. Users may build a virtual library of books and
choose any number of books from that library to research
at any given time. Therefore the system preferably sup-
ports the ability to add and delete books from this
library.
In order to facilitate easy download of books
from the Internet, a book table compressing format (also

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termed herein the VEH format) is used to compress the
components of the book (typically comprising the "book
tables" of Fig. 6 and the book's template and any fonts
used by the book) into a single file. Since the compo-
nents of the book are compressed, the size of the books
is considerably smaller, thereby facilitating the down-
loading process over the Internet. The compression proce-
dure may, for example, be implemented using a Crusher:,
Version 3.2 compression package, marketed by DC Micro
Development, POB 54588, Lexington, KY, USA.
Internet Bookstore 175: The engine 150 has
the ability to link to any number of virtual bookstores
over the Internet. These bookstores contain libraries of
digital books in VEB format that are available for down-
loading and purchasing. Each electronic bookstore 175
includes a database of books which contains pricing and
updating information as well as a query database that
allows for searching for books. The Internet bookstore
is accessed from an embedded WEB browser from within the
library research engine 150.
Download and Add process: After a user has
chosen a book from the bookstore the WEB site points the
user to a URL (universal resource location) at which the
selected book is located. This is typically a file in the
VEB format. E.g.www.bookstore.acmebooks\books\b12345.veb.
The embedded WEB browser checks each hyperlink for a link
that has a suffix containing the letters 'VEB'. When
found the browser does not navigate to the link but takes
control away to perform the following tasks.
1. Using the HTTP protocol create a connection to
the server through the URL.
2. Start downloading the VEH file pointed to by
that URL using HTTP.
3. Once on the user's system decompress the book
and store to disk.
4. Add an entry to the user library pointing to

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the new book.
At this point the book is a full member of the
user's library and can be researched together with all
other books.
Book U_.pdate en ine 611: The library research
engine 150 has the ability to update digital books. New
articles and media may be added, modified and deleted.
Updates come in the form of packets. Each packet contains
a list of tables containing the content and instructions
for that update. An update packet is typically downloaded
from the Internet although it is possible to receive a
packet file (with extension VEU) from a floppy disk or CD
which can then be installed with a double-click or when
passed as a parameter to the library research engine 150.
Updates can be initiated from a number of
points in the library research engine 150.
(A) Update Now: The user can choose to check
for, download and install an update for a single book
immediately.
(B) Scheduled Updates: Each book has its own
schedule of when or how often to be updated. The
GUI/navigator interface 213 includes an update scheduler
(not shown) which checks, for each book, to see if it is
time for a new update packet to be available. If so, it
tries to find, download and install the packet. The
update scheduler can be called automatically or manually.
If it is set to run automatically, the update scheduler
is run every time the library research engine 150 is
started.
Book a date attributes: Typically, there are a
number of attributes, i.e. options, which control the
book update process and are typically stored in At-
tributes Table 427 of Fig. 6. Some of the attributes are
specific to each book and some relate to all books.
The book specific attributes preferably include
one, some or all of the following:

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1) Last update: The creation date of the most
recent update packet for this book that the user has
installed.
2) Check every: How often to check the Internet
based on the expected schedule for this book. Are updates
for this book expected quarterly, every six months, or
according to some other schedule as defined for the book?
3) Last check: The last date on which the
Internet was checked for the next update packet.
4) Next scheduled: The date of the next expect-
ed update. There are typically two items referred to as
the Next scheduled data. One is a field that is stored in
the book's attributes table 427. This date either comes
with a new book or was downloaded when checking the
Internet for updates, or possibly comes inside an update
packet. The other "Next scheduled" is the one that is
displayed. This date comes from one of several date
fields.
5) After due date, recheck for updates every
<number> days: Once the "Check every" period had passed
since the last update and the Internet was checked and no
new update was found, this attribute defines how often
should the system recheck the Internet.
6) Status: The stage in the update process for
this book. Preferably, there are 4 stages I - IV:
(I) Not yet time for an update: Have not yet
reached time to check the Internet to see whether an
update has been posted.
(II) Need to check Internet: Ask Internet site
whether or not there is a packet available.
(III) Packet exists on Internet: A new update
packet has been found but was not downloaded.
(IV) Packet downloaded: The packet was downloaded
but was not installed.
7) Updates Server: The site from which to
download the update packet.

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8) Version #: The update version number.
(Updated by packet.)
9) Automatic update: Turn the whole updating
process of the on or off.
The attributes related to all books typically
include the following:
1) Enable automatic book update: Turn on or off
automatic (scheduled) updating for all books. (Those
books whose updating is individually turned off remains
off even if this attribute is turned on.)
and/or
2) If Internet line is down when automatically
updating: (a) Alert user every time (b) Alert user every
<number> days. (c) Never alert user.
The first time, in each session, that the
scheduler in the GUI/navigator interface 213 (not shown)
needs to access the Internet it attempts to make the
connection. If a connection is available, it continues
with the updates. Otherwise, depending on the above
attribute, the updates either is not continued or the
user is prompted that there is no active Internet connec-
tion and he/she is given the opportunity to establish the
connection and continue with the updates.
Scheduling Updates: Updates scheduling can be
set to run automatically every time the library research
engine 150 is run. Alternatively, the user can choose to
start the update scheduling process.
The scheduler in the GUI/navigator interface
213 of Fig. 2 has the following tasks:
1) Loop through attributes of all books and for
those books with update status of "Not yet time for an
update", check if it is time to try to download the next
update. A preferred method for performing this check as
follows:
If update exists
Change the status to "Packet exists on Inter-

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net".
Else
Change the status to "Not yet time to check for
an update" and set "Last check" to today's date.
If a new "Next expected date" is received from
the Internet update site
The "Next scheduled" is updated.
"Last check" is set to <blank> after the update
packet is installed.
If it is time to download, change the status to
"Need to check Internet".
2) From the list of books whose update status is
not "Not yet time to check for an update", the user can
choose which books to update.
3) Look for all books with update status "Packet
downloaded". Change the status to "Not yet time for an
update", and clear out the "Last check" date for each
book whose update is installed.
4) Loop through attributes of all books and for
those books with update status "Need to check Internet"
check for an available update. If the update exists,
change the status to "Packet exists on Internet". If the
update does not exist, change the status to "Not yet time
for an update" and set "Last check" to today's date. If
the update Internet site sends back a date on which they
expect the next update to be ready then the date is
saved.
5) Loop through attributes of all books and for
those books with update status "Packet exists on Inter-
net", log onto Internet site, download an appropriate
packet, and change status to "Packet downloaded.
6) Stage (3) is preferably repeated, to provide
the possibility of installing the update that already
exists on the user's disk and then downloading and in-
stalling an even newer update, if one exists. In addi-
tion, the user enjoys the benefit of updating books, with

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packets already sitting on his disk, as soon as possible.
A new report is created every time the sched-
uled process is run. If any new update packets were found
or any packet downloads or installs were attempted during
the scheduled updating then at the end of the update
process a summary of all modifications to the book is
displayed to the user.
A preferred embodiment of book update unit 611
of Fig. 3 is now described.
A tab is added to the book attributes dialog
for book updates. It typically comprises the following:
1) Last update: The date that the most recent
update packet, for the given book, on the user's machine
was created. (Updated by packet.)
2) Next scheduled: The date of the next expect-
ed update. There are actually two items referred to as
the Next scheduled data. One is a field that is stored in
the book's attributes table. This date either comes with
a new book or was downloaded when checking the Internet
for updates, or possibly comes inside an update packet.
The other Next scheduled is the one that is displayed.
This date comes from one of several date fields:
If (Next Expected field is NOT blank)
Use Next Expected field
Else
If (Last Update is NOT blank)
Use Last Update + Check every...
Else
Use Book text compilation date + Check
every...
3) Last check: The last date on which the
Internet was checked for the next update packet.
4) Check every: How often to check the Internet
based on the expected schedule for this book. Are updates

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for this book expected quarterly, every four months, or
according to some other schedule defined for the book.
5) After due date, recheck for updates every X
days: Once the #4 "Check every" period had passed since
the last update and the Internet was checked and no new
update was found, this attribute defines how often the
system should recheck the Internet.
6) Status
* Not yet time to check for an update: Have not yet
reached time to check the Internet.
* Need to check Internet: Status is set to "Need to check
Internet" based on the following:
If ( Update Status =- "Not yet time to check for an
update" )
If ( "Last check" > Today )
"Last check" - <blank>
If ( "Last check" !_ <blank> && "Last check" >_ "Next
scheduled" )
If ( Today >_ "Last check" + "Recheck for updates
every...)" )
Set status to "Need to check Internet".
Else
If ( "Next scheduled" '._ <blank> )
f
If ( Today >_ "Next scheduled" )
Set status to "Need to
check Internet".
Else
If ( "Last update" !_ <blank> )
f

i
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If ( Today >_ " Last update " + "Check every" )
Set status to
"Need to check Internet".
Else
f
If ( Today >_ "Creation date of Hook Text" + "Check
every" )
Set status to
"Need to check Internet".
Once we do actually check for an update:
If ( update exists )
Change the status to "Packet exists on Internet".
Else
Change the status to "Not yet time to check for an up-
date" and set "Last check" to today's date.
If ( we receive a new next-update-date through the CGI )
The "Next scheduled" is updated.
("Last check" is set to <blank> after the update packet
is installed.)
* Packet exists on Internet: A new update
packet had already been found but, at the time, the user
did not want to download the packet.
* Packet downloaded: The packet was downloaded
but the user did not want to install the packet at that
time.
7) Updates Server: The site from which to
download the update packet.
8) Version #: The update version number.
(Updated by packet.)

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9) Automatic update: Turn the whole updating
process of the on or off.
10) Most of the above fields are read-only. The
user is typically only able to change (5) "After due
date, recheck for updates every X days " and (9) "Auto-
matic update".
When the "Update book now" button is pressed
the program first checks if there is already an update
for this book on the users disk to install. Then it looks
for a new update packet for the book to download and
install disregarding the update dates (Last check, etc.)
At the end of the process, if a packet has been in-
stalled, a publisher's report of all update changes made
to this book is displayed in a web browser window with
the most recent changes appearing first. The "Update book
now" process currently takes place completely in the
foreground.
When the "Report" button is pressed the pub-
lisher's report is also displayed.
Global Scheduling Options typically include the
following:
1) Enable automatic book update: Turn on or off
updating for all books (except that books whose updating
is individually turned off remain off even if global
updating is turned on.)
2) [ Last time the user was informed that the
Internet line was down: ]
3) How often to bother the user if the Internet
line that is down: This is an offset from (2) "Last time
the Internet line was down."
4) Book List: List of all books. When a book
name is selected the book attributes dialog box for that
book appears with the book update tab on top.
5) Full library update: Runs the scheduling
process as described below as when the user runs the exe
except that:

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(a) If the user is not registered for updates they
are given the opportunity to register at this point.
(b) The "Enable automatic book update" flag is
ignored in this case. It is considered to be checked.
(c) The user is always "bothered" if the Internet
connection is necessary and appears to be down, regard-
less of the settings in the options dialog box.
(d) A report is always displayed even if nothing
significant took place during the update process.
6) View Report: A report of the last scheduled
update is displayed.
Scheduling: The updating process begins each
time the user runs Versabook.exe (Appendix A) provided
that (a) the user has checked off the "Enable automatic
book update" checkbox (b) updates have not been turned
off by way of the Product.ini file and (c) the user is
registered for updates. A low priority background thread
(scheduler) controls the initial stages of updating.
These stages include checking the book update status',
checking for updates on the Internet, downloading, and
decompressing packets. The stage that would most likely
be done in the foreground would be the actual installing
of the packets. For the installation phase to take place
in the background, the user might not be allowed to
activate the book in the "List of books" dialog box, or
to access items in a binder from that book, etc.
The tasks of the scheduler are the following:
1) Loop through attributes of all books and for
those books with update status of "Not yet time for an
update" check if it is time to try to download the next
update using the rules described above under Book At-
tributes/Status/Need to check Internet. If so change the
status to "Need to check Internet".
2) Display a dialog box with the names of all
books with update statuses other than "Not yet time for
an update" - all books for which some significant action

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may take place. Next to each book is a check box. The
user can uncheck any book updates that he chooses and
then choose OK to continue or CANCEL to skip all subse-
quent stages of the update process.
3) Look for all books with update status
"Packet downloaded". Before a book is updated it is
"turned off". It is taken out of the list of books. After
the update, the book is turned back on. Change the status
to "Not yet time for an update", and clear out the "Last
check" date for each book whose update is installed. This
stage is performed at the beginning and then again at the
end of the update process. In this way there exists the
possibility of installing the update that already exists
on the user's disk and then downloading and installing an
even newer update, if one exists. In addition, the user
enjoys the benefit of updating books, with packets al-
ready sitting on his disk, as soon as possible.
4) Loop through attributes of all books and for
those books with update status "Need to check Internet"
check for an available update. If the CGI says that the
update's subscription has expired then the update process
does not continue for this book and the user is notified
of the subscription's expiration in the update report.
Otherwise, if the update exists, change the status to
"Packet exists on Internet". If the update does not
exist, change the status to "Not yet time for an update"
and set "Last check" to today's date. If the CGI sends
back a date on which they expect the next update to be
ready then we save this date.
5) Loop through attributes of all books and for
those books with update status "Packet exists on Inter-
net", log onto Internet site, download an appropriate
packet, and change status to "Packet downloaded. Also,
save the name of the packet.
The update packet that should be downloaded for
the book is the one that matches the "Version #" (the

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update version number) of the book; for example, a person
who had already installed update #2 wants to download
2.veu (update file.) This file may include updates #3, or
#3 and #4, or #3 and #4 and #5, etc.
Accessing the file to download is done through
a CGI (for example, \www.versabook.com\<update cgi>:~ISBN
update packet.
6) Look ,for all books with update status
"Packet downloaded". Before a book is updated it is
"turned off". It is taken out of the list of books. After
the update, the book is turned back on. Change the status
to "Not yet time for an update", and clear out the "Last
check" date for each book whose update is installed.
A new report is created every time the sched-
uled process is run. If any new update packets were found
or any packet downloads or installs were attempted during
the scheduled updating then at the end of the update
process a summary of what took place is displayed to the
user. This report can also be viewed by clicking on the
"View Report" button of the user options updates tab.
The first time, in each session, that the
scheduler needs to access the Internet it attempts to
make the connection.
If a connection is available:
Continue with updates.
Else
If the user said to never bother him/her - Skip the
update process.
If the user said to always bother him/her - go to ASK
USER.
If the user said to bother him/her after X period...
If (2) " Last time the user was informed that the Inter-

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net line was down " is blank (This should only happen the
very first time that the connection is down.) )
Go to ASK USER.
Else
If it is time to prompt the user to connect to the Inter-
net in order to check for an update (If the global sched-
uling option (3) "How often to bother the user if the
Internet line that is down" + (2) is greater than or
equal to today's date.)
Go to ASK USER.
Else
Skip the update process.
ASK USER
Set (2) to today's date.
Display a dialog box that prompts the user to hit the
Continue button if he/she has succeeded in setting up the
Internet connection or the Cancel button to skip the
update process.
If there is an Internet connection now:
Continue the update process.
Else
Skip the rest of the Internet related functions
of the update process.
Data Objects useful in the system of the

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present invention are now described. A Data Object is a
generalized base object for representing one logical
piece of data, for example an article, a media item, a
book, a keyword etc. Each data object has a name, which
may be a title, as in the case of a Hook Data Object 512
or Media Data Object, or just a string as in a Query
String Data Object 542. Every Data Object has at least
two functions, Loaddata and Savedata. Loaddata is the
function that tells a Data Object to read its data from a
record in any of the tables of Fig. 6. Savedata tells
the Data Object to write its data to a record in an
individual one of the tables of Fig. 6. Data Objects get
a pointer to that table after the current record in the
table is positioned correctly.
A digital book is viewed as a hierarchical set
of objects or articles. Each object in a book is referred
to as a Media Object, also termed herein a "Media Data
Object". A media data object typically stores the title
for an article in a book, the content of the article, a
user defined note and other information for managing and
defining the book. In the illustrated embodiment, each
media data object is represented by a record in each of
two tables: Tree table 401 and Viewdata table 430 (Fig.
6). In other words, each of the tables 401 and 430 in-
cludes data regarding a multiplicity of objects or arti-
cles. The records in the two tables which correspond to
the same object are identified by their common ID (fields
402 and 431 in tables 401 and 430 respectively).
Fig. 4 is a representation of a typical book as
a hierarchy of objects, also termed herein "media data
objects" or "media objects". As shown, there are five
different types of Media Objects: Media Containers 201,
Media Elements 202, Media Element BackMatter 203, Media
Element Groups 204 and Associated Media Items 205.
There is always one and only one Media Contain-
er 201 per book which is at the root of the book

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hierarchy.
Media Elements 202 form the core of the book.
They may represent any meaningful portion of the book
(also termed herein "article" ). Depending on the book
type, each article may comprise a volume, part, section,
chapter, picture or encyclopedia article.
For example, in a cookbook, each article may
comprise a single recipe. Sections of the cookbook may
also be considered "articles", each of which comprises a
plurality of recipe-articles.
In road atlases, each article may comprise a
single map.
In instruction manuals, each article may com-
prise a chapter or a step in an instruction sequence.
In a dictionary, each word entry may comprise
an article.
In encyclopedias, each encyclopedia article may
comprise an "article", and each subsection in each arti-
cle may also comprise an article.
In telephone books, each subscriber record may
comprise an article.
In picture books, each page may comprise an
article.
In novels, each chapter may comprise an arti-
cle.
In newspapers and newsmagazines, each article
may comprise an "article" and subsections within an
article may also comprise "articles".
Media Elements 202 may or may not have viewable
data attached to them. The sons of a Media Element 202
may be other Media Elements 202 or they may be Associated
Media Items 205.
In the illustrated embodiment there are various
types of data objects which are differently experienced
by the user.
An Media Element Back Matter 203 is similar to

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a Media Element 202 except that it is disregarded by a
query.
A Media Element Group (MG) 204 is similar to a
Media Element 202 in that it is not disregarded for the
query. However, the article represented by the media
element group is not merged with its sons when it is
displayed.
Associated Media Elements 205 are typically in
a different medium than are the majority of media ele-
ments. Typically, for conventional books, all of the
media elements are text and the associated media elements
are non-text elements which may, for example, be imported
from the media database 170 of Fig. 1. However, if the
"book" is an atlas, each map might be defined as a media
element whereas country facts or other non-map, minority
elements in the atlas might be defined as associated
media elements. Associated Media Items 205 are always the
sons of Media Elements 202 and, unlike ordinary media
elements, never have any sons of their own.
Fig. 5A is a diagram of a representation of a
typical user's briefcase 603 (Fig. 3) as a hierarchical
tree of digital data objects.
The root of the tree is a Root Data Object
502. Each binder is represented by a Binder Data Object
503. The Hinder Data Object 503 holds a name to identi-
fy each binder and an optional user attached note. The
items in a Hinder are either articles or Web Pages.
Articles are represented by Media Data Objects 504 and
Web Pages by URL Data Objects 505.
Fig. 5H is a diagram of a representation of a
typical user's bookcase 602 (Fig. 3) as a hierarchical
tree of digital data objects. The root of the tree is a
Root Data Object 502. Each bookshelf is represented by a
Bookshelf Data Object 511. Bookshelf Data Objects hold
the name of the bookshelf, an optional user defined note
and an optional bitmap, bookshelf type (librarian, recy-

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cle bin or normal) and an internal name. The items on a
Bookshelf are Books and are represented by Book Data
Objects 512. Book Data Objects hold their name, the
status of the book (active, inactive) ISBN, information
for accessing the book and the book attributes 612.
A book is "active" if it has been selected by
the user from the shelves and placed on the Research
Desk. All books designated as active are searched for
each query, unless a subset of active books is indicated
in the definition of the query, whereas inactive books
are not searched.
The Media Database 170 typically comprises a
list of Media Database Data Objects which store Items
Format information, as defined below and also information
describing how to locate the actual media. Items Format
describes the encoding method or media format of a par-
ticular item of media, such as JPEG, MPEG1, MPEG2, GIF,
shockwave flash, quicktime, flashpix, and son.
The queries 604 supported by a book are repre-
sented by a list of Query Type Data Objects 531. Each
Query Type Data Object holds an Internal name, external
name and an implementation type. The external name is for
display and the internal name is for implementing the
query. The implementation type defines the method used
for implementing the search, e.g. "string", "section",
"query hierarchical ID", "query ID", etc.
In the illustrated embodiment, there are three
different Query Results Data Objects 541, 542 and 543,
one for each of the query types that have a predefined
set of valid query items, i.e. Query String, Query Hier-
archical ID and Query ID.
Query Hierarchical ID Data Objects 541 are
used to define the complete hierarchical tree for the
query and the items that are attached to articles in the
book.
Query String Data Objects 542 are used to

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define the items that are attached to articles in the
book.
Query ID Data Objects 543 are used to define
the complete set of valid response for the query and the
items that are attached to articles in the book.
All the Query Results Data Objects hold a count
as described in detail herein. Query Hierarchical ID Data
Objects and Query ID Data Objects hold IDs, Query String
Data Objects holds a name.
Fig. 6 illustrates data tables provided in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention. The data tables include "book tables" 401,
423, 427, 430, 440, 485 and 490 for each book in the
user's library, "general tables" 449, 473, 493 and 804
which store general information used by the user's system
135, "template tables" 420, 445 and 467 which store
information pertaining to templates 608 and a "media
database" table 460 storing information pertaining to the
user's media database 170. Typically, the template and
book tables are stored in digital book library database
160 of Fig. 1, the general tables are stored in library
research engine 150 of Fig. 1 and the media database
table is stored in media database 170 of Fig. 1.
Library Table 493 stores all the data relevant
to the library 160 (Fig. 3). It contains the data for
various manipulations of books 100 in the library and in
the current active set of books in the library, such as
data for the following manipulations: deleting books,
adding books, getting book names. The data in the Library
table 493 is read by a Book Data Object 512.
Library table 493 preferably includes the
following fields:
a. Book ID 494: unique ID for each book
assigned when the book is installed. Book IDs are as-
signed sequentially starting with 1.
b. Title 495: String containing the title of

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the book.
c, Hook Status 496:
On/Off/Unreachable/Purged, etc. "On" means that the book
is part of an active set, "off" means that the book is
not part of an active set, "unreachable" means that the
book is on an Internet site that cannot be reached and
"purged" means that the book has been deleted from the
system. These values are updated and maintained by the
library research engine 150. Typically, books are
"placed" on a recycle shelf after they have been deleted
and until they are actually purged from the system.
d. New Status 497: Flag indicating if this
book is a newly bought book. Typically, this flag is
permanently changed to OFF as soon as a new book has been
first placed on a bookshelf.
e. Book Path 498: The book path indicates
where the data files for the book are stored. All the
book tables (Fig. 6) for a book typically have standard
names and are stored such that there is a different base
directory for each book.
The present invention preferably provides two
base directories for storing the tables of Fig. 6. One
base directory points to a location on the user's hard
disk. The other base directory points to a location on
the DVD or CD.
All books added by the user is stored under the
base directory on the hard disk. Books on the DVD or CD
are stored under the base directory on the DVD or CD.
When installing the program of the present
invention the user preferably transfer all non-viewable
data for DVD or CD books to his hard disk for speed
purposes. This results in part of a book being on the
local disk and part on the DVD or CD. When a data file is
to be opened the system looks on the hard disk first and
then on the DVD or CD.
In the future this book path could point to a

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URL for remote books that are accessed over the Internet.
f. Book Type 499: Value indicating which type
of book object is to be created for this book.
g. Data Object Type 550: Field indicating the
type of data object to be created to hold the information
in this row of the Library table 493.
h. Template Name 551: The name of the template
to be used for the book. Template tables are located by
appending this name to "<DataPath>/Templates/" where
<DataPath> is the overall path for the tables of Fig. 6.
i. Tree Table Type 802: Value indicating the
type of book table to create for the individual book,
i.e. the conventional database technology which is to be
used to implement the book tables for the individual
book.
j. ISBN 553: International Standard Book
Number. Used to uniquely identify any book.
The HookCase Table 473 holds all information
for bookcase 602 and the list of books on a bookshelf.
The data in the Bookcase table 473 is read by Bookshelf
Data Objects 511 and Book Data Objects 512. The Book-
case table 473 preferably includes the following fields:
a. Bookshelf ID 474: Unique ID assigned when
the bookshelves are created or a book is placed on a
bookshelf.
b. Name 475: The displayable name for a
bookshelf either assigned by user or standard name for a
standard bookshelf. The user may modify the name of this
bookshelf at any time.
c. Internal Name 476: Name for bookshelf used
to keep track of a bookshelf even if the user has modi-
fied the name.
d. Parent ID 477: Pointer to parent Bookshelf
Object. Needed to move up in the tree.
e. Number of Sons 478: Integer indicating the
total number of direct sons the Bookshelf Object has.

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This is useful in allowing the title browser to determine
the weight of a Bookshelf Object and to determine what to
display without actually traversing the tree. It is also
used in the traversal of the tree to determine the last
son.
f. Son Number 479: Integer indicating the
position of the Bookshelf Object in the list of sons for
the parent. There is an index on this field combined with
the Parent ID field. This allows random access to a
specific son of a bookshelf object.
g. Data Object Type 480: Field indicating the
type of data object to be created to hold the information
in this row of the Bookcase table 473 (e. g. HookshelfDO
or BookDO).
h. Book ID 481: Reference to a book from the
Library Table 493.
i. Deletable 482: This flag indicates whether
the user can delete the bookshelf. Standard bookshelves
are not deletable as that is the location that new books
are placed when first being installed.
j. Shelf Type 483: Is used to define special
types of bookshelves. Currently there are two special
bookshelves - librarian & recycle. The librarian is used
to hold new books that have never been assigned to a
bookshelf. The recycle shelf is used to hold books after
they have been deleted before they are purged from the
system.
k. Description 484: User defined textual
description of a bookshelf.
The Briefcase Table 449 holds all information
for briefcase 603 and the items in a binder. The data
in the Briefcase table 449 is read by Hinder Data Objects
503, Media Data Objects 504 or URL Data Objects 505.
The Briefcase table preferably includes the following
fields:
a. ID 450: unique ID for each Binder Item

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b. Name 451: Name of the binder if the
record represents a binder. If the item is Media Object
then this entry could be used to allow the user to cus-
tomized the name of the Media Object.
c. Parent ID 452: Pointer to parent Book-
Shelf Object. Needed to move up in the tree.
d. Number of Sons 453: Integer indicating
the total number of direct sons the Bookshelf Object has.
This is useful for the title browser in determining the
weight of a Bookshelf Object and to determine what to
display without actually traversing the tree. It is also
used in the traversal of the tree to determine the last
son.
e. Son Number 454: Integer indicating the
position of the Bookshelf Object in the list of sons for
the parent. There is an index on this field combined with
the Parent ID field. This allows random access to a
specific son of a bookshelf object.
f. Data Object Type 455: Field indicating the
type of data object to be created to hold the information
in this row of the Briefcase table 449 e.g.BinderDO,
MediaDO or URLMediaDO).
g. Book ID 456: ID to indicate which book the
media object comes from. Only used in records that repre-
sent entries in a binder.
h. Media Object ID 457: ID to indicate the
media object that was placed in the binder. Used in
combination with the book ID field to uniquely identify a
media object in the library. Only used in records that
represent entries in a binder.
i. Description 458: User defined note at-
tached to binder or binder entry.
j. URL 459: The URL address for a Web Page
when it is added to the binder.
The Media Database 170 gets the actual media
from the Media Database Table 460 using the Media Data-

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base ID 461. The data in the Media database table 460 is
read by Media Database Data Objects 521 or Media Data-
base Data Objects 504. The Media Database 460 typically
includes the following fields:
a. Media Database ID 461: Unique ID for
identifying objects in media database 170.
b. Location 462: This field indicates if the
actual data is stored in the Viewable Data field of the
Media database table 460 or in a file.
c. Format 463: The format of the media (e. g.
jpg, gif, flash, mpeg2
d. Viewable Data 464: If the data is stored
in the Media database table 460 then this field contains
the actual viewable data. If the data is stored in
another file then the path to the data, including the
filename, is stored in this field. The path is relative
to some base directory for all data in the media database
I70.
e. Copyright ID 465: Optional index into an
optional copyright table (not shown) which indicates
particulars of the copyright holder for this media.
f. Photographer ID 466: Optional index into
an optional photographer table (not shown) to indicate
the phvtographer/artist who created the media.
The Tree Table 401 provides and stores the
information on the hierarchical structure of the book. It
preferably provides all information with regard to an
item in the book except the actual viewable media, which
is stored in the viewdata table 430.
If a Media Object has some sons that are Media
Elements 202 and some that are Associated Media Items 205
then the Associated Media Items 205 typically appear
together at the beginning of the list of sons for the
Media Objects.
Following is a preferred list of data fields
for the Tree Table 401:

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a. Media Object ID 402: A unique ID assigned
to each Media Object.
b. Sort Name 403: Title of Media Objects with
all HTML tags and special characters removed. This field
allows the indexing facility of any conventional database
technology to be used, so as to implement a follow-me on
the name of an article.
c. Name 404: Title of Media Object. Will be
displayed in title browser and when an article is loaded
for display. This title includes all HTML codes and
special entities that are useful for displaying the name
correctly on an HTML page.
d. Parent ID 405: Pointer to parent Media
Object. Needed to move up in the tree.
e. Son Number 406: Integer indicating the
position of the Media Object in the list of sons for the
parent. There is an index on this field combined with the
Parent ID field. This allows random access to a specific
son of a media object.
f. Number of Sons 407: Integer indicating the
total number of direct sons the Media Object has. This is
useful for the title browser, for determining the weight
of a Media Object and to determine what to display with-
out actually traversing the tree. It also allows the last
son to be determined.
g. Media Object Type 408: Indicates if media
object is the root of the book, a media element, an
associated media item, or embedded media.
i. Media Tyke 409: Indicates the type of
visual media represented by this media object. Article,
Picture, Video
j. Data 0_bject Type 410: Field indicating the
type of data object to be created to hold the information
in this row of the Tree table 401.
k. User Note 411: User defined note attached
to an article.

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1. Paragraph Number 412: If the item is an
AMI then this field specifies which paragraph of its
parent article it should be inserted in. If the paragraph
number is zero the media is not embedded in the article.
m. HTML Level 413: The HTML heading tag level
to be used to display the title of the article.
n. Language 414: The language of the article.
o. Version 415: Update version of the arti
cle. Initially all articles have a version of 0.
p. Embed List 416: A list of Media Objects
that have embedded this media object in their articles.
This is useful in order to know what other articles are
affected if this article is deleted.
q. Reference List 417: A list of Media Objects
that have hyperlinks to this media object in their arti-
cles. This is useful in order to know what other articles
are affected if this article is deleted.
r. MediaDB ID 418: If the media for the media
object comes from the Media Database 170 then this field
is the ID for locating the media in the media database
170. There is an index on this field that allows all
articles linked to a specific piece of media to be locat-
ed.
s. Duplicate 419: This field indicates that
this is the first media object in this book to use a
given Media Database ID 461. If the media for the media
object is not from the Media Database 170 this field is
irrelevant. This allows the first use of a media piece in
the book to be marked, and consistently used for naming
the media in the media search so the results for the
media search are in alphabetical order.
The Viewable Data Table 430 stores the viewa-
ble data associated with Media Objects. There may be two
instances of the Viewdata (viewable data) table 430 for a
book, one on the hard disk and one on read-only media.
Specifically, if the book is delivered and used from some

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read-only media (i.e. CD-ROM or DVD) then the original
Viewdata table 430 is left on the read-only media. Up-
dates are stored in the Viewable Data table 430 on the
hard disk. When a Media Object wants to read its viewable
data it checks the viewdata table 430 on the hard disk
first. If the hard disk version of the viewdata table 430
does not contain a record for the ID then the viewable
data is read from the Viewable Data table on the read-
only media.
There are two pieces of viewable data. In most
cases only the first piece is defined and used. In some
cases, such as a sound combined with a picture, both are
defined and used.
Following is a preferred list of the data
fields included in the viewable data table 430:
a. Media Object ID 431: The unique ID as-
signed to each Media Object.
b. Viewable Data 432: Memo field that con-
tains the viewable data such as an HTML file, a GIF or a
JPEG. If the viewable data is stored in the media data-
base 170 then this field contains the Media Database ID
461. If the data is stored in a standalone file then this
field contains the filename of that file. The actual text
of each article of a digital book 100 is typically stored
in this field.
c. Caption 433: Memo field containing the
caption for a picture.
d. Hotspot 434: Memo field containing a
hotspot map for the picture. If the hotspot data is
stored in the media database 170 then this field contains
the Media Database ID 461.
e. Media Format 435: Indicates the format
used to store the visual media HTML, GIF, JPG)
f. Location 436: Indicates if the viewable
data is stored in the memo field, a separate file, the
media database 170 or that there is no viewable data for

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the item
g. Viewable Data 2 437: Memo field that
contains the viewable data such as an HTML file, a GIF or
a JPEG. If the viewable data is stored in the media
database 170 then this field contains the Media Database
ID 461. If the data is stored in a standalone file then
this field contains the filename of that file.
h. Media Format 2 438: Indicates the format
used to store the visual media (HTML, GIF, JPG)
i. Location 2 439: Indicates if the viewable
data is stored in the memo field, a separate file, the
media database 170 or that there is no viewable data for
the item
j. Attributes Table 427 stores attributes
that are applicable to the entire book rather than to
individual articles therein or portions thereof. This
table preferably comprises 2 fields: Name field 428 and
value field 429.
The types of data preferably comprise the
following.
a. Merge Level: A number, greater to or equal
to one, which corresponds to level on the "tree" of the
article or media. The root node of the book is on level
1, the main articles of the book are on level 2, etc.
There exists a user option "View sub articles with main
article" where an article is considered to be a main
article if its level is the same as the merge level.
b. Copyrights Page #: Each book has an added
page that contains the copyright information for all of
the articles/media of that book. The "Copyrights Page #"
is the ID number 402 of the record in the book's tree
table 40I which stores the copyright information for the
book. 4Jhen the user is shown a hierarchical view of a
book (Fig. 31), the copyright page is typically displayed
at the bottom of the list of articles for the book i.e.
at the bottom of the browser list.

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c. Copyright: There is copyright information
for the book (as opposed to the article) which can be
viewed in the general tab of the book properties' dialog
box.
d. Copyright hyperlink text: There is a hyper-
link at the end of every article which, when pressed,
links to the copyright page for all articles/media of the
book. The text of this hyperlink is stored as an at-
tribute~for the book.
e. Overview Page #: Each digital book generat-
ed by the book compiler has an "overview page", which is
provided by a user of the book compiler, which contains a
short overview for that book such as the promotional
material and/or summary that sometimes appears on the
back cover of a book. The "Overview Page #" is the ID
number 402 of the record in the book's tree table 401
which stores the overview page. The overview can be
viewed in the book properties' dialog box overview tab.
f. Author: The author of the book can be
viewed in the general tab of the book properties' dialog
box.
g. Publisher: The publisher of the book can be
viewed in the general tab of the book properties' dialog
box.
h. Library of Congress #: The Library of Con-
gress number for the book can be viewed in the general
tab of the book properties' dialog box.
i. Dewey Decimal #: The Dewey Decimal number
for the book can be viewed in the general tab of the book
properties' dialog box.
j. Hook Version #: The version number of the
book currently on the user's machine can be viewed in the
general tab of the book properties' dialog box.
k. Text Date: The date that the processing of
the text, for the current book on the user's machine, was
completed. This can be viewed in the general tab of the

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book properties' dialog box.
1. Compile Date: The date that the compiling
of the current book on the user's machine was completed.
This can be viewed in the general tab of the book proper-
ties' dialog box.
m. Default Internal Bookshelf: The default
(internal) bookshelf determines on which shelf an un-
shelved book is placed when the user chooses, in one of
the library views, to have the book automatically
shelved.
n. Default Bookshelf: The same as the Internal
Bookshelf name accept if modified by the user.
o. URL base: The basis of the URL to be used
to locate Internet media. The book's ISBN number and the
media item's ID number are among the parameters added to
this URL.
p. Full Text Search Database Type: The system
of the present invention preferably has the ability to
switch between different databases, such as the Verity
database, that are used for the various full-text, key-
word, and other searches.
q. Media Search Engine: The system of the
present invention preferably has the ability to switch
between different conventional engines for performing
media searches, selecting all media by category - video,
picture, sound, etc. for all active books. Alternative-
ly, a customized media search engine may be employed
which precomputes results to facilitate rapid media
searching.
r. Table Type: The book tables for each book
can be implemented using any conventional database tech-
nology such as but not limited to Codebase, Foxpro, SQL
server and Access. Typically, all tables for a single
book are implemented using a single database technology.
The database technology used to implement the tables of
an individual book is stored in the Table Type attribute.

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In other words, if a particular book is implemented in
Foxpro, then one of the records of the Attributes Table
427 of that book would include the following information:
"name = TABLE TYPE; value = FOXPRO".
s. Page formatting attributes: There are a
number of attributes that are used to enhance the format
of an article or piece of media including determining
backgrounds for an article and its caption.
t. Update Attributes:
Update creation date (Last update) - See Up-
dates section
Update last checked (Last check) - See Updates
section
Updates - How often to check (Check every) -
See Updates section
Updates - How often to recheck (After due
date, recheck for updates every <number> days) - See
Updates section
Update version # - See Updates section
Update status - See Updates section
Update active status (Automatic update) - See
Updates section
Updates server name - See Updates section
Updates URL: The URL site where updates for the
book can be found.
Updates CGI Path: The path to the program that
exists at the URL site. This path includes parameters
used by the program to find the appropriate updates.
Updates Site User: Username for URL site.
Updates Site Password: Password for URL site.
Update Filename: The name of the update packet
name that has been downloaded. This attribute is stored
as an update packet may not be installed immediately
after being downloaded.
u. Subscription Site: The site (CGI path) at
which the user can subscribe for updates for a given

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book. Among the parameters sent to the Subscription Site
is the update version number of the book.
v. User turned off update: At the beginning of
the scheduled updating procedure, a list all books for
which it is time to check for an update or for which an
update packet needs to be downloaded or to be installed
are displayed to the user. The user is then given the
choice to exclude books from the update process, in which
case the above attribute are set to true.
For each of the above parameters (a) - (v) i.e.
from "merge level" to "user turned off update", a code
indicating the data type is stored in the name field 428
whereas the value is stored in value field 429. for
example, if the merge level is 2, there is a record in
the table for which "name" is the code for "merge level"
and "value" is 2.
The book tables of Fig. 6 include 3 query
result tables 423, 440 and 490. Each of these tables may
be defined once or more for each book, and may not be
defined at all for some books, all depending on the types
of query defined for each book. For example, a popular
medical book may have only two types of query defined for
it: Media and keyword. Therefore, the popular medical
book would have 2 query result tables, namely a Query
string result table 423 for the keyword query and a query
ID results table 440 for the media query.
Each query result table is applicable to one or
more query implementation methods. A book includes one
instance of each of the 3 types of query result table
(i.e. one physical table) for each query type defined for
the book which uses the implementation method of that
type of query result table.
For example, a particular book may have two
types of query: country search and keyword search. Both
of these queries typically use the same implementation
method, i.e. "String". Therefore, the book would have two

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query string results tables 423 and no other query result
tables.
The Query Result Tables 423, 440 and 490 pro-
vide assistance to the user by presenting a list of items
that the user can choose from to execute his query. For
example if the book supports a keyword query type then
the query string results table 423 implementing the
keyword query type holds a list of all the keywords for
all the articles in the book. In the case of a search for
a string, such as a keyword, the table 423 for the key-
word type query allows implementation of a "follow me" by
way of the NameSort field 425 of table 423.
Each record in a query result table corresponds
to a particular query. For example, a query result table
may be supplied for all queries whose query type is
Country. Each such query, such as Australia, Canada,
Denmark etc. is a record in the query result table for
the Country query type. A reference count (count field)
is maintained for each record in each of the query result
tables 423, 440 and 490 (numbered as fields 526, 444 and
492 respectively in Fig. 6). These fields store the
number of articles that respond to a particular query.
For example, the reference count for the Australia record
in the query result table for the Country query type
stores the number of articles in the book which relate to
Australia. The reference counts are useful because if the
reference count of, say, the Australia record reaches
zero, due to deletion of all articles related to Austra-
lia then the Australia record is removed from the query
result table.
The Query Result tables 423, 440 and 490 also
are useful for precomputation of the results for a query
item in order to present results to the user very quick-
ly. This is typically only used in the case of a Media
search.
Preferred data fields for the Query Result

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Tables 423, 440 and 490 are now described.
DATA FIELDS FOR QUERY RESULT TABLE 423:
a. Name 424: The valid search strings.
b. Name Sort 425: The Sort Name field is only
present where the search is for a string such as in the
case of keywords. The name has all HTML tags and special
characters removed. It is also normalized in lower case.
This field allows the indexing facility of any conven-
tional database technology to be used to implement a
follow-me on the name of an article.
c. Count 426: The number of Media Objects that
respond to a search for that key. This field must be
updated whenever the book is updated. When the number of
occurrences reaches zero the record may be deleted from
the table 423. This field is useful for determining,
after deleting an article, if the query value is still
valid.
DATA FIELDS FOR QUERY ID RESULT TABLE 440:
a. ID List 441: This is a field which allows
a very fast query to be run. The results for a query can
be precomputed and the list of Media Objects that respond
to that item can be stored in a list of IDs. This greatly
improves the response time but increases the amount of
disk space required and increases the compilation time.
It is currently only used for media where there are only
a few different media types and where speed is very
important.
b. Location 442: The location where the ID
List is stored. Possible values are "table" or "field".
If the value is "field" then the list is stored in the ID
List field. If the value is "table" then ID List typical-
ly just points to an optional table (not shown) that

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holds the ID List, one ID per record. Each very large ID
list may be stored in a separate table.
c. _ID 443: The valid search strings.
d. Count 444: The number of Media Objects that
respond to a search for that key. This field must be
updated whenever the book is updated. When the number of
occurrences reaches zero the record may be deleted from
the table 440. This field is useful for determining,
after deleting an article, if the query value is still
valid.
DATA FIELDS FOR QUERY RESULT TABLE 490:
a. _ID 491: The valid search strings.
b. Count 492: The number of Media Objects that
respond to a search for that key. This field must be
updated whenever the book is updated. When the number of
occurrences reaches zero the record may be deleted from
the table 490. This field is useful for determining,
after deleting an article, if the query value is still
valid.
The library research engine 150 preferably uses
a suitable conventional database for full text searches
which may comprise a commercially available database such
as Verity Search '97 Software Developer's Toolkit Version
2.2.3, from Verity Inc., 894 Ross Drive, Sunnyvale, CA,
USA. That way if a user wants to search for the existence
of any word in any of the books in his system, a particu-
lar book is able to respond with its articles that answer
the query.
The Query Type Table 445 lists the available
query types for the queries 604. The data in the Query
Type Table 445 is read by Query Type Data Objects 531.
The Query Type table 445 is part of the template 608 and
preferably includes the following fields:
i_ External Name 446: The name of the

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query as it is seen by the user.
ii. Internal Name 447: The name of the
query as it is used internally by the data layer 211.
iii. Implementation Type 448: The type of
the query, e.g. one of the following: Full text, section,
string, ID and hierarchical ID.
Query Tables 420, 467 define the set of valid
items for a given query. These tables are part of the
template 608.
The Query ID table 420 stores all possible
values for a query of type ID. There is a different Query
ID table for every query that has an implementation type
of ID. The data in the Query ID table 420 is read by
Query ID Data Objects 543. Each Query ID table prefera-
bly includes the following fields:
a. ID 421: Unique ID for each item; and
b. Name 422: String to appear in the GUI for
this item.
The Query Hierarchical ID Table 467 stores
all possible values for a query of type Hierarchical ID.
There is a different Query Hierarchical ID table for
every query that has an implementation type of Hierarchi-
cal ID. The data in the table is read by Query Hierarchi-
cal ID Data Objects 541. Table 467 preferably includes
the following fields:
a. ID 468: Unique ID for item
b. Parent ID 469: Pointer to parent Subject.
c. Son Number 470: Integer indicating the
position of the Subject in the list of sons for the
parent. There is an index on this field combined with the
Parent ID field. This allows random access
d. Number of Sons 471: Integer indicating
the total number of direct sons the Subject has. This is
useful for the title browser in determining the weight of
a Subject and to determine what to display without actu-
ally traversing the tree. It is also used in the traver-

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sal of the tree to determine the last son.
e. Name 472: String to appear in the GUI for
this subject.
The Libentry (Library entry) table 485 stores
information useful for adding a new book to the Library
Table 493. The fields of the Libentry table 485 prefera-
bly include the following:
a. Tempname 487: The name of the template 608
for the book. This field is copied to Tempname field 551
in the library table 493.
b. ISBN 488: The international standard book
number. Copied to ISBN field 553 in Library table 493.
c. Name 486: The title of the book, copied
to Name field 495 in library table 493.
d. Hooktype 489: Value indicating the implemen-
tation method for the book. This value is copied to
Hooktype field 499 in the Library Table.
The preference table 804 stores system-wide
settings. Same of these preferences may be set and some
may be alterable by the user in the Options Dialog. The
preference table 804 preferably includes the following
fields:
a. Name tiUS . The name of the preference.
b. Value 806: The value to be used for the
preference.
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating dataflow
between the data layer 211 of Fig. 2, and the GUI/naviga-
tor interface 213 of Fig. 2, via the navigator layer 212
of Fig. 2.
A Data Supplier 704 is another data structure,
which allows for the interaction between the Navigator
layer and the Data layer. A Data Supplier is an object
that knows how to create Data Objects. There are two
basic kinds of Data Suppliers - the Hierarchical Data
Supplier and the List Data Supplier.
The usage of these two data structures, the

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Hierarchical Data Supplier and the List Data Supplier,
enables the same code to be used when dealing with all
different kinds of data. An example is the list of query
results, or the list of all the videos. The source of
the data in these two cases is different, which means
that different instances of the List Data Supplier is
used. But this is the only difference. The work of the
Navigator layer is exactly the same in both of the cases.
The Data Supplier data structure hides from the
Navigator layer all the complexity of the Data layer
internal structure.
The Hierarchical Data Supplier is operative to
create or add a specific Data Object as a son for the
given parent Data Object. The son object is identified by
its number among all the son objects of the given parent.
The Hierarchical Data Supplier also knows to traverse a
hierarchical tree including going from leaf to leaf and
getting the root and the list of ancestors for a given
Data Object. For example if the parent object is a Book
100, the son number 3 of this parent is the third chapter
of the Book.
GetNext and GetPrevious methods are called from
the List Data Supplier to retrieve Data Objects one by
one. List Data Suppliers also go to a specific Data
Object in the list based on any one of position, the Data
Object, or based on a string (for Follow Me). For exam-
ple, a list data supplier may comprise the results of a
query.
Fig. 8 illustrates data relationships between
Navigators 212 and containers SO1. The ability to
manage all of the books in a user Virtual library and
provide real time responses for all books is handled by a
layer called the Navigator (layer 212 in Fig. 2). The aim
of Navigator is to allow for the presentation of data,
possibly merged from multiple books, to display to the
Researcher. The Navigator also is responsible for effi-

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ciently caching and discarding data in order to best
utilize memory and give quick response to the user. A
Container 801 is a data structure which holds all of the
Data Objects that belong to one hierarchy. The Navigator
layer is responsible for creating Containers and filling
them with Data Objects.
The Data Objects, which have been placed in a
Container, are to be used by the Graphical Interface
layer 214 of Fig. 2. An example of where the Graphical
Interface Layer 214 displays the Data Objects in a Con-
tainer 801 is in the Browser window of the Control Pane,
i.e. in the window which displays the media item. This is
where the Data Objects of the Hook hierarchy are dis-
played in a tree format. Each Data Object is represented
by a line of text together with a small icon. Some of the
lines also have an Expand-Collapse button which indicates
that the corresponding Data Object is expandable. If a
Data Object is in collapsed state it is regarded as a
leaf. If a Data Object is in expanded state is regarded
as a branch and the Data Objects which are its sons are
shown underneath it.
Within the Navigator layer 212 of Fig. 2 there
is an object called a Navigator 212, which holds a posi-
tion inside a Container. The Graphical Interface layer
214 can retrieve the current Data Object of a Navigator
212.
The Navigator performs two very useful methods
- Get Next and Get Previous. These methods change the
current Data Object of the Navigator. The Graphical
Interface Layer 214 communicates with the Navigator Layer
212 by using these two methods.
The term "Next" data object refers to the first
son of a current data object, if the current data object
has sons, and otherwise, "next" is the next brother. If
there are no next ("younger") brothers then "next" is the
next brother of the parent, and so, continuing up the

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tree until a next brother of some ancestor is found or
until the end of the tree is reached in which case there
is no "next" data object. "Previous" refers to the last
son of the previous brother. If the previous brother does
not have sons then "previous" refers to the previous
parent, and so on, until the root of the tree is reached.
If the root of the tree is reached, there is no "previ-
ous". The "next" and "previous" data objects for a cur-
rent data object are typically computed using hierarchi-
cal information stored in the parent field 469, number of
children field 471 and child number field 470 of the
query hierarchical ID table 467 of the current object.
As an example, consider the task of painting
the content of the Browser Window that shows the
hierarchy of a Book. The Graphical Interface layer 214,
in this Example, is assumed to hold a Navigator 212
whose current (initial) Data Object corresponds to the
top line of the window. In such a case the drawing task
comprises the following steps (1) to (3):
1) The current Data Object of the Navigator is
retrieved and the corresponding line is drawn. The Data
Object itself has all the information that is needed to
draw the corresponding line, (i.e., initially, the top
line) of the Browser Window showing the hierarchy of the
current book. This information comprises the following
three items:
a) Text - The name of the Data Object.
b) Level of current data object in the
hierarchy of all data objects held by the navigator -
This information is important because the hierarchy level
determines the offset, from the left edge of the window,
at which the current data object is shown.
c) Expand-collapse state of the Data
Object. Typically, one of two possible buttons is drawn
at the beginning of the line to indicate that the current
data object has children which will or will not be shown.

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If no button is drawn at the beginning of the line this
typically indicates that the current data object does not
have children.
2) Now the Navigator is moved to the next Data
Object (corresponding to the Browser Window line below
the line associated with the current Data Object). The
Navigator moves to the next Data Object by calling its
Get Next method.
The term "line" refers to content lines or
lines of text and does not refer to the rows of pixels
which make up the Browser Window.
3) Steps 1) and 2) are repeated until the window
is filled.
A particular advantage of a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention which includes the Naviga-
tor data structure is that the Graphical Interface layer
214 does not need to be "aware" of containers or "under-
stand" the structure of a Container. Only the Navigator
212 knows how to transverse a Container and retrieves the
relevant information directly from the Container.
When a Container 801 is created it is not
immediately filled with Data Objects 511. The creation of
a Data Object 511 is a relatively heavy operation, so a
Container 801 is preferably filled with Data Objects only
when the user of the navigator 212needs a Data Object.
Returning to the example with the window that shows the
hierarchy of a Book, it is seen that calling the GetNext
method on a Navigator filled the window. Each such call
to the GetNext method causes the creation of a Data
Object 511. So after the first show there are only about
20 actually loaded Data Objects. All other Data Objects
of the Container 801 are logically present in the sense
that, for example, the range of the scroll bar takes them
in account. But these Data Objects are not physically
created till the user scrolls to the corresponding loca-
tion.

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The present invention provides a preferred
method for searching through electronic information which
includes storing a multiplicity of books each as a sepa-
rate object and performing an electronic researching
operation. This operation typically includes searching
individual ones of the multiplicity of books and generat-
ing a book search output and merging book search outputs
of a plurality of searches performed by the book searcher
on a plurality of user-selected books from among the
multiplicity of books, thereby to generate a global
search output. Merging is discussed below with reference
to Fig. 9.
Fig. 9 illustrates Merging of Lists of Data
Suppliers 802 which is typically performed within Navi-
gator Layer 214.
When there is just one book on the Research
Desk then the corresponding List Data Supplier can give
the results one by one. The first few Data Objects can be
easily retrieved from the Container.
But what if the user moved the scroll bar thumb
to the middle of the result list? How can a Data Object
be retrieved from the middle of a result list? Of course
it would be possible to retrieve all the Data Objects one
by one until reaching the required Data Object. But the
list could be very long and preferably, loading Data
Objects should be avoided until they are really needed.
To take care of this the List Data Supplier has a method
to retrieve a Data Object by its sequential number in the
list. The total number of Data Objects in the list is
known and therefore it is possible to retrieve a Data
Object from the middle of the list.
When there is more than one book on the Re-
search Desk then the query results are typically merged
into one list to display them to the user. First a List
Data Supplier is created for each Book. Since there is
more than one book a "List of Data Suppliers" object is

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also generated.
As an example, each Hook would be represented
by one List Data Supplier object. All the List Data
Suppliers are connected in a List of Data Suppliers
object. Here again it is simple to show the few first
items in the merged list of results. The first items from
each Data Supplier are retrieved and they are added to
the Container in correct order. Hut how can the system
scroll to the middle of the merged list? In an example
with one Book it is possible to simply call the appropri-
ate method to retrieve a Data Object by its number. In
the case of more than one book, the same thing cannot be
done. To take an extreme example, each book may contain
articles whose names begin with one letter. There is a
Hook for the letter A, a Book for the letter B and so on.
If an article were simply picked from the middle of each
Book and the results merged together it would be obvious-
ly wrong. To solve this problem an iteration method is
used.
Merging in few levels. 701
A List of Data Suppliers has all the methods
that a single List Data Supplier has. So a List Data
Supplier is created that is implemented as a List of Data
Suppliers. Now again a few such Data Suppliers can be
connected to one List of Data Suppliers.
An example could be when viewing Media. Here
the user can see all the media items from all the Books.
For each Book there is a Media List for each kind of
media, that is a list of Pictures, a list of Videos etc.
All of these lists are connected to one Media List of the
Book. All of the Media Lists for all of the Books are
connected to one Media List. The List Data Supplier data
structure allows the same code to be used for merging at
all levels.
For clarity, Figs. 7 - 9 are now summarized.
Fig. 7 demonstrates a preferred flow of infor-

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oration, comprising data objects, from data layer 211 to
navigator/GUI interface layer 213. First, data objects
are shown passing from a book 100 via data suppliers 704
in the data layer 211 to a merge process 701 in the
navigator 212. The merge process is operative to receive
data objects, from several books 100, which data objects
have been passed up to the navigator/GUI interface layer
213. The merge process generates, from these objects, a
single unified list of data objects. A preferred embodi-
ment of the merge process 701 is described in detail with
reference to Fig. 9. In the example illustrated in Fig.
7, four dataflows are shown, only one of which (the
leftmost dataflow) requires merging because only the
leftmost process involves data objects from a plurality
of books. For the processes which do not require merging,
information typically passes directly from the data layer
211 to the navigator-GUI interface layer 213. For exam-
ple, book data objects 512 and bookshelf data objects 511
(Fig. 5B) may pass directly from the bookcase 602 to
layer 213. Binder data objects, media data objects 503
and URL media data objects 505 (Fig. 5A) may pass direct-
ly from the briefcase 603 to layer 213. Book data objects
may pass directly from the library 601 to layer 213.
Fig. 8 illustrates a container 801 holding a
hierarchical tree of data objects which may have been
merged from several books 100. Several navigators 212
point to different current data objects within container
801. This allows the various navigators to share data
objects and reduces resources devoted to reading of data
objects from the database, thereby conserving memory
storage and enhancing speed.
F,ig. 9 illustrates a two-level merge process in
which the container 801 receives data from a list of data
suppliers 802 each of which in turn gets its data from a
list of data suppliers 802 by way of one or more data
suppliers 704.

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Figs. 10 - 60 are screen display generated by a
preferred embodiment of the present invention. Specifi-
cally:
Fig. 10 is a pictorial illustration of a screen
display of a main menu, generated in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
View screen display, reached from the main menu of Fig.
10, which is generated in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
Full Text screen display, reached from the main menu of
Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
Keyword screen display, reached from the main menu of
Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
Natural Query screen display, reached from the
main menu
of Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
By Phrase screen display, reached from the main menu of
Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig, i6 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
- Sounds Like screen display, reached from the in menu
ma
of Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
Hy Title screen display, reached from the main
menu of
Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a pictorial illustration of a Search
Hy Topic screen display, reached from the main
menu of

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Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a pictorial illustration of a Media
View screen display, reached from the main menu of Fig.
10, which is generated in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a pictorial illustration of a Media
Animation screen display, reached from the Media View
screen of Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with
a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a pictorial illustration of an
Animation -- Full Size screen display, reached from the
Media Animation screen of Fig. 20, which is generated in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 22 is a Media
a pictorial
illustration
of
Video reached from the Media View screen
screen
display,
of Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with
a
preferredembodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 23 is a pictorial illustration of Media
a
Sound reached from the Media View screen
screen
display,
of Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with
a
preferredembodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 24 is a pictorial illustration of Media
a
Portrait Photo screen Media
display,
reached
from the
View screen 9, which is generated in acc ordance
of Fig.
1
with a on.
preferred
embodiment
of the
present
inventi
Fig. 25 is a pictorial illustration of Media
a
Photo reached from the Media View screen
screen
display,
of Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with
a
preferredembodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 26 is a pictorial illustration of Media
a
Music reached from the Media View screen
screen
display,
of Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with
a
preferredembodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 27 is a pictorial illustration of Media
a

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Flags screen display, reached from the Media View screen
of Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with a
preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 28 is a pictorial illustration of a Media
Map screen display, reached from the Media View screen of
Fig. 19, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 29 is a pictorial illustration of a Full
Screen Map screen display, reached from the Media Map
screen of Fig. 28, which is generated in accordance with
a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 30 is a pictorial illustration of a Book
View screen display, reached from the main menu of Fig.
10, which is generated in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 31 is a pictorial illustration of an
Article screen display, reached from the main menu of
Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 32 is a pictorial illustration of an
Article - Full Screen display, reached from the Article
screen display of Fig. 31, which is generated in accord-
ance with a preferred embodiment of the present inven-
tion.
Fig. 33 is a pictorial illustration of a Follow
Me screen display, reached from the main menu of Fig. 10,
which is generated in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention.
Fig. 34 is a pictorial illustration of a Hinder
screen display, reached from the main menu of Fig. 10,
which is generated in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention.
Fig. 35 is a pictorial illustration of a Li-
brary -- Graphical Interface screen display, reached from
the main menu of Fig. 10, which is generated in accord-
ance with a preferred embodiment of the present inven-

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tion.
Fig. 36 is a pictorial illustration of a Li-
brary -- Standard Interface screen display, reached from
the Library -- Graphical Interface screen display of Fig.
35, which is generated in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 37 is a pictorial illustration of a Li-
brary -- Standard Interface screen display, reached from
the Library -- List of Books screen display of Fig. 35,
which is generated in accordance with a preferred embodi-
ment of the present invention.
Fig. 38 is a pictorial illustration of a Digi-
tal Hook screen display, reached from the main menu of
Fig. 10, which is generated in accordance with a pre-
ferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 39 is a pictorial illustration of a Book-
store -- Hook Information screen display, reached from
the Digital Bookstore screen display of Fig. 38, which is
generated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention.
Fig. 40 is a pictorial illustration of a Book
Adding screen display, reached from the Bookstore -- Book
Information screen display of Fig. 39, which is generated
in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention.
Fig. 41 is a pictorial illustration of a Book
Download screen display, reached from the Hook Adding
screen display of Fig. 40, which is generated in accord-
ance with a preferred embodiment of the present inven-
tion. Fig. 41 is similar to Fig. 35 except that the
status bar shows that a book is being downloaded from an
electronic bookstore into the user's library.
Fig. 42 is a pictorial illustration of a New
Shelf -- New Book screen display, reached from the Book
Download screen display of Fig. 41, which is generated in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present

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invention.
Fig. 43 is a pictorial illustration of a New
Hook In Library screen display, reached from the New
Shelf -- New Hook screen display of Fig. 42, which is
generated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention.
Fig. 44 is a pictorial illustration of an
Article From Book screen display, reached from the New
Book In Library screen display of Fig. 43, which is
generated in accordance with a preferred embodiment of
the present invention.
Fig. 45 is a "Book Properties" screen display
arrived at by selecting the View option in substantially
any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60, and then
selecting from the resulting View menu, the "Current Hook
Properties" option. The screen display of Fig. 45 prefer-
ably displays general information about a current book,
its cover, and an overview of the book.
Fig. 46 is a "Book properties -- updates"
screen display arrived at by selecting the "Updates"
option in the screen display of Fig. 45. The screen
display of Fig. 45 display information about the last
update of the book.
Fig. 47 is an "Options - general" screen dis-
play arrived at by selecting the View option in substan-
tially any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60, and
then selecting from the resulting View menu, the "Op-
tions" and subsequently the "general" options.
Fig. 48 is an "Options - display" screen dis-
play arrived at by selecting the View option in substan-
tially any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60, and
then selecting from the resulting View menu, the "Op-
tions" and subsequently the "display" options.
Fig. 49 is an "Options - search" screen display
arrived at by selecting the View option in substantially
any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60, and then

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selecting from the resulting View menu, the "Options" and
subsequently the "search" options.
Fig. 50 is an "Options - bookstore" screen
display arrived at by selecting the View option in sub-
stantially any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60,
and then selecting from the resulting View menu, the
"Options" and subsequently the "bookstore" options. The
user is given an opportunity to change his default book-
store.
Fig. 51 is an "Options - Update" screen display
arrived at by selecting the View option in substantially
any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60, and then
selecting from the resulting View menu, the "Options" and
subsequently the "update" options.
Fig. 52 is a screen display arrived at by
clicking on the "view" option in the screen display of
any of Figs. 22 - 28, 30 - 37, 41 - 51, 53 - 56 or 58 -
60.
Fig. 53 is a "File view" screen display arrived
at by selecting the File option in substantially any of
the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60. As shown, the
screen display of Fig. 53 includes a menu offering the
user the following options: Internet bookstore (takes the
user to his default Internet bookstore), Update from
Internet (allows use to update any book in his library),
New binder, Print, Page setup (for setting up of a page
is to be printed) and Exit.
Fig. 54 is an "Edit file" screen display ar-
rived at by selecting the Edit option in substantially
any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60. As shown,
the screen display of Fig. 54 includes a menu offering
the user the following options: Select All (allows user
to select entire article) and Copy (allows user to copy
whatever has been selected).
Fig. 55 is a "menu from article" screen display
arrived at by selecting the View option in substantially

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any of the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60. As shown,
the screen display of Fig. 55 includes a current article
in a window with the menu on the left in another window.
The menu offers the user the following options: Previous
(view the previous article), Next (view the next
article), Hinder (add the article to an existing binder
or create a new binder). The user can also print the
article.
Fig. 56 is a "Help menu" screen display arrived
at by selecting the Help option in substantially any of
the screen displays of Figs. 10 - 60. As shown, the
screen display of Fig. 56 includes a menu offering the
user the following options: Help topics, User's manual,
Tour guide allowing the user to view the help topics,
user's manual and tour guide respectively.
Fig. 57 is a "Tour guide" screen display ar-
rived at by selecting the "tour guide" option in the menu
of Fig. 56;
Fig. 58 is a screen display arrived at by
pressing the "context" button in the righthand Article
window in the screen display of Fig. 55. Pressing the
"context" button results in the system showing the user
the context of the item display in the window. For exam-
ple, if the article is a sub-article or a photo, the
context option allows the user to see the article which
the item is attached to.
Fig. 59 is a screen display arrived at by
pressing the "related" button in the righthand Article
window in the screen display of Fig. 55. The screen
display of Fig. 59 displays keywords relating to the
article. Choosing one of these keywords initiates a
search for all articles with the specified keyword.
Fig. 60 is a screen display arrived at by
pressing the "media" button in the righthand Article
window in the screen display of Fig. 55. The screen
display of Fig. 60 lists all media in the currently

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displayed article. Selection of one of the media in the
list results in display of that media.
The term "graphical library" refers to the 2D
library component of GUI 214. The graphical library is
typically a 2-D library. The main elements in the graphi-
cal library are a Bookcase with Shelves (with Books), a
Research Desk, a Librarian, an Uncatalogued (Unshelved
Hooks) Desk and a Recycled Desk.
The minimum screen size of the graphical li-
brary where all of the main elements fits in is 400 x 600
pixels. The user is able to make the window smaller
that, but then elements are cut off from view.
As the user drags the screen to be larger than
400 by 600 pixels parts of the background stretch and the
Shelves are able to stretch vertically and horizontally
as fitting. As the screen is stretched vertically new
shelves are added to the top of the bookcase when there
is room for them. As the screen is stretched horizontally
each existing shelf gets longer, allowing the user to
view more books on the shelves at a time. As the screen
gets larger the Bookcase with Shelves always remain left
justified and the Research Desk remains right justified.
When the user is in the Research Center and
opens the Graphical Library the size of the window that
was present for the Research Center remains for the
Library. If the Research Center is smaller than 400 x 600
pixels then the full library is not in view and the
user stretches the screen to view all of its elements.
The functionality in the graphical library
parallels closely the functionality in the standard
library dialog box.
Bookcase with Shelves: There is a bookcase with
shelves in a vertical alphabetical scrolling list.
Within each shelf the user is able to scroll horizontally
to see all of the books in that shelf. The books within
each shelf appear in alphabetical order.

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Each shelf is have a drop down list box on it
listing all of the shelves in the bookcase. This list is
drop down when the user left clicks on the name of the
shelf (there is a down arrow there as well). The user can
choose any of these shelves and it appears in that spot
replacing the previous shelf that is there. In this case
the previous shelf appears in the slot above the new
chosen one. This causes the shelves to be out of alpha-
betical order. The shelves remain in the order that the
user has chosen to put them in even between sessions.
There is a way for the user to resort the shelves to
alphabetical order again if desired.
The spines of the books appear on the book-
shelves, with the names of the books listed sideways on
the spine. (As the user rolls his cursor over the spine
of a book a bitmap of the cover of that book pops up,
allowing the user to view the title of the book in an
easier fashion - this may be chosen from a right-click
menu instead - to be decided).
The main bitmap of a book spine is stored
within the system. With the Publisher's Tool (Fig. 63),
the publisher is to define the color for this
spine and the name to appear on the spine. The publisher
is also to provide the bitmap for the cover of the book,
which has to be made with certain specifications (maximum
size, etc.).
Optionally, there are different size book
spines depending on the length of the title. If this is
the case it is to be decided as to whether the Publisher
would have the choice of a few different sizes of spines
to choose from depending on the length of the title of
the book. Or the Publisher would not choose the size of
the spine and instead the program would automatically
choose the size of the spine depending on the amount of
text on it).
New Shelf: The user is able to create a new

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shelf in the following ways:
a. Right click on any shelf has the option of
creating a new shelf.
b. The librarian's menu has the option of creat-
ing a new shelf.
c. The drop down list box on each shelf has the
option of creating a new shelf in the list.
The menu bar on the top of the display screen
has the option of creating a new shelf.
d. Delete Shelf: The user is able to delete an
existing shelf. If the user chooses to delete a shelf and
any of its books do not reside on a different shelf as
well, then those books appear on the Uncatalogued Hook
Desk.
The user is able to delete a shelf in the
following ways:
Right click on a shelf has the option to
delete that shelf.
The librarian's menu has the option to delete a
shelf.
Shelf Properties:
The user is able to right click on a shelf and
have the option to view its properties. The properties
for now include the name of the book and a description of
the book.
Copying a Book to Another Shelf: Dragging a
book to another location by default copies the book, as
opposed to moving the book.
The user can copy a book to another shelf in
the following ways:
Select the book and drag it to another shelf by
scrolling the book to the desired shelf.
Choose a different shelf in the library and
change that shelf to be the desired destination shelf for
the book by choosing it in the drop down list box of
shelves. Then either:

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1. Drag the book from the original shelf to the destina-
tion shelf;
2. Right click on the book and choose copy and go to the
destination shelf and paste the book; or
3. Select a book, choose copy from the menu above, then
go to the destination shelf and paste the book.
Select a book and drag it to the librarian's
desk. The user can then drag the book to another shelf,
or have the librarian auto shelve the book, which would
place the book on its default shelf.
Right click on a book gives an option to copy a
book. The user can then go to the desired destination
shelf and paste the book there (with right click Paste or
menu item Paste). Or the user can paste the book to the
librarian's desk and then to a shelf.
Select a book and choose Copy from a menu item.
The user can then go to the desired destination shelf and
paste the book there (with right click Paste or menu item
Paste). Or the user can paste the book to the librarian's
desk and then to a shelf.
Mo-,ving a Book to Another Shelf: The user can
move a book to another shelf in the following ways:
Choose a different shelf in the library and
change that shelf to be the desired destination shelf for
the book by choosing it in the drop down list box of
shelves. Then either:
1. Right click on the book and choose Move and
go to the destination shelf and paste the book. Or the
user can paste the book to the librarian's desk first and
then to a shelf.
2. Select a book, choose Move from the menu
above, then go to the destination shelf and paste the
book. Or the user can paste the book to the librarian's
desk first and then to a shelf.
Remove a Hook from a Shelf: The user is able
to remove (delete/cut) a book from a shelf in the follow-

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ing ways:
1. Right click on a book is the option to
remove a book from a shelf. If the book does not reside
on any other shelf then it appears on the librarian's
desk.
Book Properties: The user can right click on a
book and have the option to view its properties. Hook
properties could include the Name of the Publisher, the
Date of Publication, Copyright information, etc.
Book Cover: When the user rolls the cursor
over a book a picture of the book's cover pops up. Or the
user can right click on a book and has the option to view
a graphic of its book cover.
Research Desk: This desk contains all of the
books that the user wants to use in the Research Center.
When a book is on the research desk then it
still appears on the shelf where it came from as well,
just the copy on the book on the shelf is grayed out
letting the user know that it is on the research desk.
If the book resides on more than one shelf, then all of
the copies of that book would be grayed out on all of the
shelves where it appears.
Add Books to Research Desk: The user is able
to drag a book from a shelf to the research desk, or he
can drag a whole shelf of books to the research desk. If
a whole shelf is dragged then all of its books appear on
the research desk.
There is a maximum number of books in view at
a time on the Research Desk, depending on the size of the
screen. If the number of books goes above this maximum
then scroll arrows appear allowing the user to scroll the
books.
Remove Books: If the user would like to remove
a book from the research desk then he can drag it to the
librarian the librarian automatically puts it back on the
shelf (or shelves) where it came from.

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The user can also drag a book back to a shelf
where it was before if the shelf is in view.
The user can also right click on the Research
Desk and their is an option to remove all of its books
(clear the desk). If this is done then all of the books
would return to the shelves that they were on. If there
was a book on the Research Desk that had never been
shelved then it would appear on the Uncatalogued Book
Desk.
Save as Shelf: The user can save the current
set of books on the Research Desk as a Shelf by choosing
this option from the right click menu of the Research
Desk. Another option is to allow the user to drag all of
the books in the Research Center to the bookcase, which
would create a new shelf with these books (not implement-
ed now).
The librarian is an animated person who is
available to help the user in using the graphical li-
brary. During idle time the librarian makes random mo-
tions such as yawning or blinking.
Librarian's Welcome/Help: When the user goes
into the graphical library for the first time the Librar-
ian gives an introduction as to what can be done in the
library. In this introduction the librarian goes around
to all of the places in the library and describe what can
be done with them. The next time the user goes into the
graphical library this introduction does not automatical-
ly appear, but the user has an easy way to view it again
if desired.
If the user would like to get help on a partic-
ular area in the library then he is able to do so by
dragging the librarian to that place in the library.
When the librarian is dragged to the different spots the
librarian then offers help information about that partic-
ular spot. In the librarian's welcome help the librarian
mentions this option.

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If the user would like to know more about a
certain book in the library then he can drag the librar-
ian to that book and the librarian gives a short descrip-
tion of the book. Along with giving a description of the
book a picture of the book's cover pops up plus the text
of what the librarian is saying. When the librarian
finishes reading it then the book cover and text disap-
pears.
Librarian as Assistant: At any time the user
can right click on the librarian to get a pop up list of
the things that the librarian can do. The items in this
list includes:
Help - to see the main introduction to the
library that was mentioned above.
Catalog New Books - To shelve any new books or
other unshelved books that reside on the Uncatalogued
Book Desk. If the library shelves a book then that book
goes onto a predefined shelf, which was preferably de-
fined in the Publisher's Tool of Fig. 63.
Save Uncatalogued Books As Shelf - The user has
the option of saving all of the books on the Uncatalogued
Hook Desk as a shelf. These could be new books, other
unshelved books or a combination of the two. Once books
are saved on a shelf they do not appear anymore on the
Uncatalogued Hook Desk.
Add Book - To add a book to the library.
Create a New Shelf - To create a new shelf in
the library.
Save Research Desk as Shelf
Remove Book From Library - These books would
then go into the Recycled Desk.
Librarian as Drop Target: The librarian serves
as a drop target for books.
If a book is dragged onto the librarian from
the Research Desk, Uncatalogued Book Desk or from the
Recycled Desk then the librarian automatically shelves

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the books. If the book had previously been shelved then
the librarian returns the book to the shelf that it
previously resided. If the book had not been previously
shelved then the librarian places it on its default
shelf.
If a book is dragged from a bookshelf to the
librarian then the librarian could ask if the user would
like information on the book or if he would like to
reshelve the book on its default bookshelf.
Uncatalogued Book Desk: The Uncatalogued Book
Desk is a desk where any new books and other unshelved
books reside until the user either has the librarian
shelve them or chooses to shelve them himself.
When new books are added to the library then
they appear on the Uncatalogued Hook Desk. The user then
has the choice of placing the book on a shelf by himself,
or having the librarian automatically place the book on a
pre-defined shelf. The user can select a book (or books)
and choose to have the librarian shelve the books) using
the librarian's pop up menu. If the librarian shelves the
book and the default shelf for that book does not exist
yet in the library, then that shelf is automatically
created and the new book is placed on it. If the user
would like to shelve the book himself then he may either
drag it to a pre-existing shelf, or he may create a new
shelf and then drag the book to that shelf.
In addition to new books the Uncatalogued Book
Desk may have other unshelved books on it. These would be
books that the user has moved from the shelves and has
not reshelved, or books that came from a deleted shelf.
Like the new books, the user would have the option to
shelve the books himself or he could have the librarian
auto-shelve the books to their default shelves.
There is a maximum number of books that can
appear on the Uncatalogued Hook Desk at one time. If the
user has put more than the maximum number of books on

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this desk then arrows for scrolling appear. The books on
this desk do not block the view of the shelves with books
on it.
Rec,~cled Desk: There is a Recycled Desk, which
holds books that the user has decided to delete from the
library.
Books can arrive to this desk from the librar-
ian, from a right click choice on a book or from being
dragged there. The user has to empty this desk to really
delete a book from the library.
Adding Books to the Library: There is a graphic
hotspot allowing the user to add books to the library.
Books can also be added to the Library from a menu item.
Hooks can be added either from a CD/DVD or from the
Internet.
If the user chooses to add a book from the
Internet whether or not a small window can be brought up
with a Web browser in it offering hyperlinks to all of
the sites where the user can go to browse/buy a book.
This window could be small, expanded to full screen or
reduced to an icon for easy re-opening. This window could
be a graphic of a small computer screen.
If the user chooses to add a book from a CD,
the system typically closes down in order to remove the
DVD disk and load the CD with the new book on it. Then
after choosing a new book the user typically removes the
CD, reloads the DVD and start the system again. Or the
program could run without its DVD in place, in which case
certain features such as graphics from the DVD database
would not be available until the DVD was placed in the
drive again. If this is the case the user typically gets
an appropriate message, recommending that the DVD disk be
reloaded.
When a new book is added to the library and the
system is started up, the new book is present on the
Research Desk for immediate viewing. The book is not

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shelved, and the user has to go to the library to shelve
it. Along with residing on the Research Desk, the new
book is also on the Librarian's Desk with some sort of
label on it identifying it as a new book that has not
been shelved. Once a new book is shelved that label
disappears. A new book can be shelved either by giving
it to the Librarian and having the Librarian shelve it,
or by having the user drag it to a shelf.
Finding a Book: To find where a book resides in
the library, that is which shelf or shelves it resides
on.
In summary ,the graphical library functionality
is typically as follows:
Right Clicks
Book:
- Copy
- Move
- Remove (from a Shelf)
- Remove From Library (with warnings)
- Properties
- Book Cover
- Return to Shelf (from the Research Desk or from the
Librarian)
Shelf (on the name of the shelf):
- Copy Shelf
- New Shelf
- Delete Shelf
- Properties (can rename a shelf here)
Librarian:
- See Help introduction sequence
- Add Book to Library
- Shelve All Books (on Unshelved Book Desk)
- Create a New Shelf
- Remove book from Library and Place in Recycle Bin.

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Uncatalogued Book Desk:
- Save Books as Shelf
- Auto Shelve All Hooks
Research Desk:
- Save As Shelf
- Return Books to Shelves (Clear Research Desk)
Menu Items:
- Copy Hook
- Remove Book
- Paste Book
- Add Book to Library
- Delete Book From Library
- New Shelf
A preferred embodiment of the 2D library is now
described in detail.
Components:
* Librarian
* Research desk
* Shelves
* New book stack
* Recycle bin
* Book
* Add a book button
* Research center button
Hotspot areas
So that the user will know what areas are clickable or
usable, all the usable areas will have hotspots. There
will be 2 types of hotspot areas.
1. Click for help on the item
2. Click to activate the item

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Hotspot areas are recognized through a differ-
ent cursor rollover. There are 2 different types of
cursors.
The components are divided up as follows for
each of the different rollovers:
Click for help on the item
* Research Desk
* New book stack
* Recycle bin
* Non used areas of the shelves
If any of the above items are clicked on, then a context
sensitive help dialog pops up.
Click to activate the item
* Librarian
* Book
* Shelf
* Add book button
* Research center button
Some items above also have left click activations, de-
scribed in detail below.
Clicking on the librarian at any time will provide the
following popup menu:
Get a new book from the Internet
Create a new book shelf
Automatically catalog new books
Help
Clicking on a Hook
General
Books can reside in the following places:
1. Shelf
2. New book stack

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3. Research desk
4. Recycle bin
The following activation methods can be used on
a book
Click: This will cause the book properties
dialog to be displayed
Click and drag: Hegin to drag the book
Right click: Will display a popup menu. This
menu will vary depending on where the book is located.
Right click and drag
Begin drag. If dropping on a shelf then show a
copy/move menu.
Hook Drop Targets: Books can be dropped on any
of the above mentioned places from any of the above
mentioned places.
* When dropped on a book shelf it is placed on that
shelf. If dragged from another book shelf then with a
left click drag it will be copied to that shelf.
* When dropped on the Recycle bin, it is removed from all
shelves and placed in the recycle bin.
* When dropped on the Research desk it is placed on the
research desk, and can then be queried and used.
When a book is dropped on the librarian from
the following places, then the following popup menus will
show:
a. From New books stack to librarian:
Read the book
Place book on default shelf
Book properties
b. From Research desk to librarian:
Read the book
Place book on default shelf
Return book to shelf (if the book is not on the
new stack)
Hook properties

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c. From Shelf to librarian:
Read the book
Place book on default shelf
Return book from Shelf
Hook properties
Delete the book
d. From Recycle Bin to librarian:
Read the book
Place book on default shelf
Book properties
Right click Menu From Shelf: When a book is on a shelf
and the right click button is clicked, then the following
popup menu will appear:
Read the book
Copy to clipboard
Delete book from the library
Remove book from the shelf
Book properties
Hook cover
Right click Menu from new book stack When a book is on
the new book stack and the right click button is clicked,
then the following popup menu will appear:
Copy to clipboard
Automatically shelve the book
Delete book from the library
Hook properties
Book cover
Right click Menu from research desk: When a book is on
the research desk and the right click button is clicked,
then the following popup menu will appear:
Copy to clipboard
Return book to shelve
Delete book from the library

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Book properties
Book cover
Right click Menu from Recycle bin: When a book is on the
recycle bin and the right click button is clicked, then
the following popup menu will appear:
Copy to clipboard
Return book to shelve
Delete book from the library
Book properties
Book cover
The book properties dialog typically comprises
a property sheet dialog box with 2 basic pages:
1. General. In this property page there will be
all the basic details about the book. e.g., author, Dewey
number etc.
2. Cover. This page will contain a mini HTML
browser that will show a flash animation of the book.
There will be a button to permit the user to go to full
screen.
Clicking on a Book shelf: The following acti-
vation methods can be used on a book: Click and drag, and
Begin to drag the book shelf.
Riclht click: Displays a popup menu. This menu will vary
depending on where the book is located. This will be
examined in the next few sections.
Dragging _a shelf: In general a shelf can be dragged to
any place that a book can be dragged to. The result will
be that an enumeration operation will take place. i.e..
The action will take effect on all the books in the
shelf.
When a shelf is dragged to the Librarian then
the following pop-up menu will show:
Place all books on the Research desk

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Delete the shelf
Shelf properties
Right click menu on a shelf
Copy shelf
Create a new shelf
Delete the shelf
Shelf properties
The Research Center component of GUI 214 is now
described. In the research center, the user searches his
active set of books for the articles that most interest
him. He has several tools to assist him in his search
including a keyword search and a subject/topic search.
He can also view articles, display their associated media
and jump between associated articles. The Research Center
typically comprises two main components:
a. The Browser List which allows him to
search for items and select them for viewing, and
b. the Display Area where he can view
the item.
There is also a Status Bar on the bottom of the
Research Center with various functionality, and a stand-
ard type menu bar at the top of the screen.
The Browser List has 4 different tabs to choose
from. For each tab the information in the Browser List
is sorted differently.
For most of the tab views there is
collapse/expand functionality for the items in the Brows-
er List. The user can expand a book in the browser to
view its parts, sections, chapters, chapter sub-headings,
articles, and at the lowest level, associated media using
a collapse/expand mechanism. Any item that has children
in the book hierarchy is able to be clicked on in order
to expand the item in the Browser List and display its
children. Any item that has children displayed can be

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collapsed in order to hide the children and not display
them in the Browser List.
Books 100 can always be expandable. Media Data
Objects 202, 203 and 204 can only be expanded if they
have Associated Media Items 205. Associated Media Items
205 typically cannot be expanded.
There are small icons to the left of each item
listed in the title browser, telling the user what type
of item it is. In one embodiment, the icons are: book
(closed and opened icons), chapter without information
attached to it (closed and opened icons), chapter with
information attached to it, text, photo, video, map,
speech, music, animation, flag, media album/slide show.
The titles displayed in the Hrowser List are
taken from the Media Groups 204, Media Elements 202,
Media Back Matter 203 and Associated Media Items 205 for
the book. The user can select any Media Group 204, Media
Element 202 or Associated Media item 205 to be displayed
in the Display Area. The user can also select the book
title in which case the book cover is displayed in the
display area.
The structure of the book, that is its break-
down and how it is displayed in the Hrowser List, is
defined by the publisher using the Publisher's Tool of
Fig . 63 .
The Browser List area can be made larger by
dragging it to the right with the slide bar (and the
Display Area gets smaller in proportion). When the
window of the system is dragged to become larger, the
Browser List only gets longer, and not wider. The Display
Area gets longer and wider.
If an item listed in the Hrowser List has a
title that is long so it does not all appear in the
Hrowser List, then when the user rolls the cursor over
this item in the list then that name alone elongates to
be viewed. (There may also be a horizontal scroll bar on

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the bottom of the Browser List).
Book View: The main default view in the Browser
List is the Book view.
Here all of the books that the user has select-
ed to be active are listed in the browser in alphabetical
order. There is collapse/expand here where the
user is able to open up a book into chapters or articles,
etc., as described above, to view the contents of that
book.
There is eventually a Book icon at the root of
the tree. Next to this icon is written the text "Re-
search Desk", and next to that is listed the number of
books that are currently in the Research Desk.
There is not be a follow me function in this
view.
If the user would like to search for something
specific then there are several other views in the brows-
er that can help him to arrive at the information that he
wants. The options include searching by keyword, full
text, topic or media.
Search View: The query system is designed to
give meaningful results to the user. The system prefera-
bly provides four different choices to choose from in the
Search tab, allowing him to search for information in
different ways. There are 3 radio button choices allowing
the user different ways to perform a search.
For the 3 radio buttons there is a typical full
text search, a hopefully more meaningful search called a
keyword query and a search by topic.
Full Text Search: When the user chooses the
full text radio button he is able to type in one or more
words, hit the Find button, and see the results in the
Browser List in alphabetical order.
There are three options for searching by text.
They are to Search for text within the titles only, to
search for text within the whole article and to search

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for text with a natural language query. There is an
advanced button for the text searches, which brings up
more search options. These advanced options change
depending on which type of text search was chosen.
When searching by text the user can enter more
than one word, and attach words together using the Boo-
lean operations of And, Or and And Not. As a help to the
user there is an arrow to the right of the type box which
brings down a menu offering these 3 choices. Choosing
one of these choices places that word (And, Or or And
Not) in the type box. The user can type in the word as
well, the list is just there as an aid.
When the user searches within titles only the
titles (of books, articles, chapters, media, etc.) that
have the word or words searched for appear in the Title
Hrowser result list.
When the user searches with full text the Title
Hrowser result list displays all of the items that have
the specified word or words within them in any location
of the text.
A Natural Language Query means that the user
can type in a normal question sentence and get all of the
items that match the results. For example the user could
type into the text box: "What is the longest river in
Africa?" The way this search actually works is to take
all of the main words in the sentence and place "and's"
between them. For example here the search would really
be "Longest and River and Africa". The results in the
Title Browser display all of the items that have these 3
words in their text.
There is follow me functionality in the brows-
er list.
The drop down list for the Full Text combo box
contains the previous Full Text searches performed in
this session of using the system of the present inven-
tion.

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Most systems today use full text searches. This
method searches for words inside articles, and displays
every article that has that word in it. This type of
search may not always give the user an accurate result of
what is actually being searched for since it is very
general. Thus what happens is that the user gets too much
information that needs to be filtered. Full word search
is provided, but also, preferably, a keyword query, which
should give a list containing more refined and accurate
results.
The full text search has collapse/expand and a
follow me on the highest level. If a parent and child
items both have certain word appearing in them, then if
that word is searched for then only the parent shows in
the Title Browser with a plus sign next to it allowing
its children to be viewed if desired.
There is eventually a Search Results icon at
the root of the tree. Next to this icon is written the
text "Search Results" and the number of search results.
The results in the Full Text Browser List can
include articles, books, chapters, and other types of
multimedia (such as Pictures, if they have that word in
their caption).
When the user chooses to view an article from
the Full Text Browser List in the Display Area, all of
the instances of the searched for word in that article
appears in a different color ink so they can be easily
found. There is also a "Next" button allowing the user
to view the next instance of the word in that article,
which helps if the next instance is not presently on the
screen (to be designed).
Key word Search: A keyword is a word that
describes a main aspect of an item. Keywords are at-
tached to such items as books, chapters, articles or
pieces of multimedia. Each keyword is made up of one word
only. To implement the keyword query each item, at every

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level of the hierarchy, is allowed to have one or more
keywords attached to it. Each viewable item has at least
one keyword attached to it. Parent and child items are
not allowed to have the same keyword attached to them.
When conducting a query the user is able to use one or
more keywords in his search.
For the keyword search the user is able to
choose a keyword from a dropdown list of keywords. Or he
can start to type in the combo list type box and the
follow me function works, displaying the closest alpha-
betical match for that word. It is to be decided if the
dropdown list is available for version 1. If it is not
ready yet then a regular type box appears and the user
can type in any word. If the typed in word does not
exactly match a word in the keyword list then the search
results are zero. After a keyword is chosen the
user then presses the Find button.
There is eventually a Search Results icon at
the root of the tree. Next to this icon is written the
text "Search Results" and the number of search results.
It is also to be decided whether or not Version
1 is weighted keywords or not. If weighted key-
word exist then the Browser List displays the keyword
search results in order of relevance, and not in alpha-
betical order. Therefore there would be no follow me
functionality. If weighted keywords are not available for
version 1 then the Browser List displays the keyword
search results in alphabetical order, and there is
follow me functionality. Both weighted and non-weighted
keywords would have the drop down combo box list if it is
available.
Keywords may be attached using the Publisher's
Tool of Fig. 63. There is an.initial pre-defined list
of keywords for the system, for the publishers to choose
from, but the publisher is able to add additional key-
words if needed.

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Keyword is preferably weighted using the
Publisher's Tool of Fig. 63. When the publisher attaches
keywords to each item he also attaches a number indicat-
ing the relevance of the keyword to the item. This pro-
vides a weighting system, so when the user searches for a
key word the resulting items in the Browser List are
listed according to the weighting that the keyword had
for each item. This design should give the user a list
where the most relevant results are listed first. Both
the weighted and not weighted keyword methods would have
coliapse/expand in the Browser List.
When new keywords are added to the system then
they are added to this keyword list. The list of key-
words appearing in the combo box reflects all of the
keywords that are used in the current selection of books
that the user has chosen. If a keyword has no items
attached to it then it does not appear in the list.
Since a parent and child cannot have the same
keyword attached to them, if two keywords are chosen one
being attached to the parent and one to the child, then
both of these items would appear in the Browser List.
With the weighted method the one with the higher ranking
would appear first in the list, since the list here is by
weight and not by alphabetical order. With the non-
weighted method the item that is higher alphabetically
appears first in the list.
The Publisher's Tool of Fig. 63 creates key
words for items. This technology could include taking
main words out of an item's Master Title and out of the
book's index to create keywords for each item.
Keywords are typically inherited. This means
that if someone searches for Animals & Cat and Animals is
a keyword attached to the Book and Cat is a keyword
attached to a Media Element 202 in the Book then that
Media Element 202 is returned. In other words, the arti-
cle had the keyword Cat attached to it, but not the

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keyword Animals attached to it. But since the article's
parent Book had the keyword Animals attached to it the
article met the requirements of both Cat & Animals.
There is also a stemming dictionary on the DVD
that is produced by the editorial staff. This
stemming dictionary connects all versions of a word or
concept to the same basic keyword (e. g. color and color
are connected to the basic keyword: color). When the
publisher enters a keyword it is translated through the
stemming dictionary to the base keyword and that keyword
is stored with the book. When the user enters a keyword
it is translated through the stemming dictionary to the
base keyword and that keyword is used to search the book.
Keywords are defined in the language appropri-
ate for the book. A French book has French keywords.
When doing a query searching for an English keyword does
NOT find articles that have the same keyword in French.
Topic Search: In the topic search the user can
browse through a choice of subjects, where related items
grouped together. In general a topic differs from a
keyword in that it is broader.
For the Topic search the user sees a tree of
topics to choose from. He then chooses a topic and open
up its tree to view all of the sub-topics for that topic.
The user can then select a sub-topic and press on the
find button and see the results in the Browser List. Only
one item can be chosen here at a time. (More than one
topic and/or sub-topic can be chosen in the Advanced
Search dialog box).
The subject results that are listed in the
browser is in alphabetical order and can be of any type,
a book, chapter, article or multimedia item. There is
collapse/expand here and follow me functionality for the
highest level of the tree.
There is eventually a Search Results icon at
the root of the tree. Next to this icon is written the

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text "Search Results" and the number of search results.
Topics can be associated with any type of
media, and each media object may have an unlimited number
of topics associated with it. A parent and a child media
object cannot have the same topic attached to it.
Each template defines a superset of topics and
sub-topics that are appropriate for books that use that
template. Each book then specifies the set of topics that
are actually connected to media objects in the book. When
the user chooses a topic the list of topics that a.s
presented to him is limited to those topics and sub-
topics that are attached to media objects in the current
selection of books.
If the user would like to know to which parent
the subject item is attached, then there is a method
(possibly a right-click) which displays a small window
containing the hierarchical tree for that item.
Advanced Search: When the Advanced Search
option is chosen a dialog box appears.
Here the user is able to use a combination of
requests in his search. He can choose to add as many
criteria to his list as he would like. The types of items
to choose from are keywords, topics, media, word in text
and word in title. The types of media that can be chosen
in a search include both articles and all of the other
multimedia types in the program.
There is a Boolean drop down list on the far
left side of the box, allowing the user to choose "And",
"Or", or "Not" for each item. The "And" and the "Or" is
only be available for the second item and onward for the
list.
The last list box to the right in the dialog
box changes its list depending on which type of item is
chosen. For example if keyword is chosen then this list
displays all of the keywords available.
Items are then added to the list by pressing on

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the "Add" button. Items can be deleted from the top list
by choosing the item and clicking on the "Delete" button.
The "Clear List" button removes all of the items from the
above list to begin a new search.
The chosen search list is always saved when the
user activates the search and leaves the search dialog
box. (Maybe this is a user option - whether or not
the previous search criteria are automatically saved).
The "Clear List" button can then be pressed to start a
new search. Preferably, the system provides a way to save
multiple lists of search criteria, so the user is able to
go back to that search easily.
The results of an advanced query search appears
in the Search Browser List. When the user presses the OK
button on the search dialog box then the simple search
type box clears and remains clear until the user decided
to do a simple search again. (To be decided: if there is
a way to toggle back to the past simple search or not).
Search Methodology: With the simple search the
default type of search is the keyword query type. If the
keyword query does not bring satisfactory results to the
user then he may conduct a full word search to get a
broader range of results. The idea here is to try to
give the user first a list of the most meaningful results
for his search, but if he still desires to look further
then he can go on to a full text search. The simple
search and the search dialog box provides both options,
so if the user wants to first do a full text search then
he may. Since a preferred aspect of the system of the
present invention is to provide a strong search engine,
it is desirable to give the user these various options to
ensure that he gets the information that he is looking
for.
When the user conducts a keyword query each
item that satisfies the query is displayed in the brows-
er, along with a weighting that illustrates the rele-

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vance of the item to the keywords being searched for.
Items resulting from a keyword query can be books, chap-
ters, articles or multimedia items. As mentioned above,
if the weighting system cannot be implemented for the
first version then the keyword query results is listed in
alphabetical order with a follow me type box above the
browser list.
The display in the browser for both types of
searches is a list of all of the items that satisfy the
search. Since whole books and chapters can also be the
results of a query, these items can be listed here as
well, and can be opened up to view their contents with
collapse/expand. All of these items are displayed at
the highest level (the far left) in the title browser
regardless of their type. If the user would like to see
the hierarchy of any item, (that is, the book, chapter,
etc., from where it comes) then he is able to open up a
small box allowing him to see the direct hierarchy for
the item. In this small hierarchy the item that comes
from the browser appears in a different color text.
Media View: This view allows the user to see
any or all of the multimedia items that are in his cur-
rent selection of books (the Research Desk). The user is
able to filter on and off the different types of media
that appears in the Browser List. As of now the list
includes 8 types of media. They are: animations, flags,
maps, media albums/slide shows, music, photos, speeches
and videos. Articles are not included in this view.
There is tool tip text as the user rolls the cursor
over any of the media buttons telling what the icon
stands for. If the current selection of books does not
include any items of a certain media type, then that
media type (button) is disabled.
The Browser List is in alphabetical order, with
follow me functionality. There is no collapse/expand
function here. All of the items in this list is displayed

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at the highest level in the browser list, regardless of
their type.
There is typically a Media Results icon at the
root of the tree. Next to this icon is written the text
"Media Results" and the number of media items in the
tree.
Each Media Element 202 and Associated Media
Item 205 can only be defined to be one type of media. The
set of available media that can appear in the Title
Hrowser is determined from the selection of active books.
The superset of media types is described by the tem-
plate. A parent and a child object cannot have the same
media item attached to it.
This Media view displays only Media Elements
202 or Associated Media Items 205 and not embedded media.
If the item is an associated media item then when it is
displayed in the Display Area the article that the media
item is attached to is displayed behind it in the Media
Window.
Binder View: The Binder is where the user can
save any media item or associated media item for future
use. A Binder is like a named and saved notebook contain-
ing all of the chosen items that the user wants to keep
together.
In the Binder tab, the top "Binders" list box
contains the names of all of the previously created
binders. When the user clicks on one of these binder
names, all of the items in that binder appears in the
list box below. The user can then choose to view any of
these items in the Display Window to the right. The items
in a binder can be any type of media object, including
books, chapters article or multimedia items.
There is typically a Binder icon at the root of
the tree. Next to this icon is written the text "Number
of items in this Binder", and the number of items).
For the first time using the system of the

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present invention, when the user clicks on the Binder tab
there are no binders listed. The user has to create a
new binder in order to begin adding items to a binder.
When the user first views the Binder tab in a
session of using the system of the present invention, a
list of all of the previously created Hinders is dis-
played in the top list. None of the Binders in this list
is selected. When the user double-clicks on a Binder in
the list (or single clicks in a Hinder in the list and
clicks on the Open button) all of the items in that
Binder appears in the list box below. Only one Hinder may
be open at any one time.
The Hinder contains all of the items that the
user has chosen to "Add to Binder". The user can add an
item to a binder from the Hrowser List through the right
click menu. The main way that the user is expected to add
an item to the Binder is from the Display Window, where
there is an easy to use "Add to Binder" button in the
toolbar above all articles and multimedia items.
When the user starts a new session using the
system of the present invention and then chooses to add
an item to a binder, a dialog box appears asking the user
which binder he would like the item to be added to. He
can then choose an existing binder, or create a new
binder to add items to.
Another way the user can choose a binder is to
first go into the Binder tab and choose a binder (by
either opening an existing one or creating a new one).
Then when he adds items to a binder they is automatically
added to the chosen binder.
For each session using the system of the
present invention, once a binder is chosen by the user,
that chosen binder is the binder that items are added to
when the user adds an item to a binder. If the user would
like to add an item to a different binder then he must
first go back to the Binder tab and choose a different

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binder, then any item added to a binder are added to the
new chosen binder.
Options that are supported for Binders prefera-
bly include the following:
Open Binder: The user opens a previously saved
binder by either by double-clicking on it in the "Bind-
ers" list, or by single clicking on it in the "Binders"
list and clicking the "Open" button.
New Hinder: The user can create a new binder by
clicking on the "New" button. When the new button is
clicked a highlighted typing area are available on
the top of the binder list allowing the user to type a
name for his binder. (Or there can be a dialog box allow-
ing a description of the binder as well, as there is for
a new shelf). The bottom list box are then cleared. The
user then adds items to that binder by going back to the
other tabs and the Display Area items and choosing Add to
Binder.
Delete Hinder: This button allows the user to
delete a whole existing binder and all of its contents.
The user can choose a binder in the "Binders" list and
click on the "Delete" button.
Save binder: Actions are automatically saved in
a binder as they are implemented.
Delete Item: The user can delete an item from
a binder by choosing the item in the Browser List and
clicking on the "Delete Item" button below the Browser
List.
Reordering Items: The user can reorder items
within a binder by choosing an item in a binder and then
clicking on the up or down arrows to move that selected
item up or down within the list.
If the selected item is the first item in the
list then the Up button is disabled. If the selected
item is the last item in the list then the Down button is
disabled.

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Print All: The user can print the contents of
all of the items in a binder by choosing a binder and
clicking on the "Print All Items" button below the Brows-
er List.
Add Item From Another Binder: The user can
copy or move an item from one binder to another binder.
The set of active books may be stored with a Binder and
reloaded when the Hinder is loaded. This represents the
model where a user interrupts his research and then wants
to continue.
Optional features include:
* Printing a set of media objects from the
Binder
* Adding user created Media Elements 202
* Allowing user to select parts of text arti-
cles to be placed in the Hinder
Optionally a Binder is able to contain items in
it that arrive from outside the system, such as links to
the Internet or Word documents. For now if the user has
called up a URL to view in the Display Window, then the
Add to Binder button is disabled while that item is
in the Display Window. Optionally, when an Internet page
is added to a binder, the user to edit the title of the
page so it is meaningful to the user when it is in the
binder list. An aim for the binder is to be able to
include items such as these so the user can create an
all-encompassing research project using the system of the
present invention.
Preferred Browser Functionalities are now
described:
Hierarchy Window: After the user conducts a
search or views a list of media he can, through the
right-click menu, choose to view the hierarchy of any
item that is on a lower level than the book level, if its
book is not listed above it already. For example this
means that if the user receives an article in his search

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Hrowser List, then he can use the hierarchy functionality
to see which book, chapter, etc. that article came from.
Next/Previous: The user is able to open up the
Media Elements 202 listed in the title browser easily
without having to scroll and choose each item in the
browser list. This allows the user to examine, in turn,
each item that was returned by a query or a set of fil-
ters.
The main usefulness of this function is when
the user has opened a window in his Display Area to be
viewed full screen, so the Hrowser List is not in view
to choose an entry. The location of these buttons is
therefore be on the Display Area window itself.
Add to Binder: This function allows the user
to add a selected item in the title browser to the Bind-
er. This can include adding a whole book or chapter to
the binder.
A preferred embodiment of the Display Area is
now described. The Display Area is the area that any item
chosen in the Browser List can be displayed, including
books, chapters, articles and associated media items. If
the user chooses to view a Book itself then the book
cover is shown.
The Display Area window is always opened, and
something is always be displayed in it. It can be
expanded to fill the whole screen of the system by press-
ing on the expand button in the title bar. Or it can be
dragged to be made larger with the slide bar located
between the Display Area and the Browser List (making the
Browser List narrower). Or the Display Area window can be
changed in size by changing the size of the product
window.
The internal layout of the Display Area, the
graphic behind its toolbar, and its background GIF file
is defined by book attributes 612 for the displayed Media
Element 202. For example if the media element is a recipe

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then the cookbook template may define the ingredients to
be listed on the top of the Display Window, and the
directions below it. And the graphic behind the toolbar
could be representative of cooking. Also there may be
some different functionality attached to different tem-
plates. For example the cookbook template again could
define a button to appear on the display area allow in
the user to scale a recipe. In designing the different
templates, the visual transition of the display area is
as smooth and unobtrusive as possible. The rest of the
interface does not change as the display area changes
here.
If the item being displayed is text (e.g. an
article or chapter) then there can also be embedded media
inside of it. If an embedded media item is also repre-
sented as an Associated Media item 205 for that article
or chapter then the user can click on the embedded media
item to view the Associated Media item 205 of the same
piece of media. The Associated Media item 205 is most
likely a larger size than the embedded media item and it
can also be copied or saved to a binder on its own,
whereas an embedded media item cannot (it is part of the
text). Most embedded media items also have an Associated
Media item entry as well.
The layout of the Display Window includes the
Book Title Bar, A Toolbar, an Article/Media Title/History
List and a Display Area for the articles and media.
Book Title Bar: The title of the book here is
the book where the currently displayed article or media
item comes from. There is an expand button on this title
bar to allow the user to expand the Display Window to
take up the whole area of the application. When it is
expanded the Browser List goes away. When expanded to
large size a contract button replaces the space of the
previous expand button, allowing the user to view the
Browser List again and reduce the size of the Display

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Window.
Toolbar: When the user rolls the cursor over
one of the toolbar icons then it appears as a button.
The user has the option of viewing the toolbar
with or without the text below the icons. This change
can be made in the User Options dialog box.
There is also text displayed when the user
rolls over an icon giving a more descriptive explanation
of what the icon stands for.
Previous and Next in Book: When the previous
and next buttons are pressed then the previous and next
items in the current book is displayed in the Display
Area. These items would include any item in the tree
(e. g. book cover, chapters, articles and associated
media).
The rollover text reads "Previous Item in Hook"
and "Next Item in Book".
If the user is viewing the last item of a book
and then presses on the Next button the first item for
the next book in the book browser list is displayed. When
the user is viewing the first item of the first book in
the book browser list then the previous button is disa-
bled. When the user is viewing the last item of the last
book in the book browser list then the next button is
disabled.
Associated Media 205: When the user presses on
the Media button a drop down (scrolling if needed) list
of Associated Media 205 appears. Next to each piece of
media is an icon telling which type of media the item is.
The user can then choose a media item in this
list to view in the Display Area. After viewing a media
item the user can go back to an article either by choos-
ing the article from the same drop down list where the
media was chosen from, or by clicking on the "Go to
Article" hyperlink text displayed in the Display Area.
There are a few ways by which the user can

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choose to view another media item in the current book.
The user can choose another media item from the same drop
down list. The user can choose a media item in the tree.
Or if relevant the user can click on the previous and
next in book buttons if there are other associated media
items attached to the chosen article.
A media item is usually text and its associated
media is usually one of the types of multimedia. Hut in
some cases the media item could be a type of multimedia,
such as with an atlas where the main media items could be
maps and their associated media items could be text
descriptions of the maps.
Related Information:
With the related information function the user
can get a list of any articles that are related to the
current media element or associated media element. The
system of the present invention executes this function by
conducting a query using the keywords from the displayed
media element. The query is executing using the two
highest weighted keywords from the displayed media ele-
ment joined by an OR. The results of the search is dis-
played in the Search Hrowser List with the keyword radio
button selected.
Context (Synchronize):
If the user has browsed in the Display Area
window, such as by jumping to hot links, then the Browser
List does not show where the currently displayed article
or media item is located. If the user would like to have
the Hrowser List display the location of the item in the
Display Window then the Context button can be pressed.
Add to Binder: When the Add to Binder button is
pressed the media element or associated media element
displayed in the display window is added to the current
Hinder.
Print: The user is preferably able to print the
contents of the Display Area. Only text, pictures and

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possibly individual video frames typically have this
feature. Optionally, only a selected portion of a text
article is printed. Printing can also be done through the
menu bar (File-Print).
Article(Media) Title and History Function:
This function comprises a combo box and two arrow but-
tons. The article title is preferably displayed in the
combo box. The user typically is able to click on the
arrow of the combo box and choose to display any of the
previous items viewed, which acts as a History list. The
number of items in this list can be altered as a user
option. There is a maximum number for this option. The
user is able to click on the back and forward buttons to
the left of the combo box, which respectively run through
the items in the history list. When the user is viewing
the first item in the history list then the. back button
is disabled, and when the user is viewing the last item
in the history list the forward button is disabled.
The user is also able to type into the type
area of the combo box and conduct a query by pressing on
the return bar on the keyboard. A URL can also be typed
or pasted into here bringing up a Web page.
Display Area: The item displayed in this area
can be a book cover, chapter, article, media or associat-
ed media item. The background GIF file behind the text is
determined by the book template chosen.
Where fitting, the top of the display area has
an outline of articles (and/or media items) that appear
in the next level of the tree under the displayed item.
The items in this outline are preferably all hotlinks,
which the user can click on to view the items in the
display window. This is especially useful for listing
the items in a chapter.
If appropriate the item in the display area can
contain other hotlinks (text) or hotspots (pictures)
which links to other media elements within the same book.

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Text hotlinks are displayed in a different color, and the
cursor changes when it is rolled over them. When the
cursor is rolled over a graphic hotspot then it changes
as well.
The user is able to copy the contents of this
to the clipboard. Only text, pictures and possibly indi-
vidual video frames have this feature. Copying is done
through the Edit menu on the clipboard, or with the copy
shortcut key.
Optionally, only a selected portion of a text
article is copied.
Optional Next/Previous in Hrowser List Feature:
The user is able to open up the next or previous media
item in the Browser List without having to click on that
item in the Hrowser List. The main advantage of these
functions is when the user has expanded the media window
to full screen, and the Browser List is not in view.
When this button is used the next item in the
tree is displayed, going through the hierarchy, even if
the tree itself is not opened in the Browser List. When
the user is viewing the first or last items in the Brows-
er List, then the respective previous and next buttons
are disabled.
Double Clicking on a Word: Double clicking on
a word in the display area window brings up a query box
that allows the user to execute a query based on the word
he has double clicked on. Alternatively the appropriate
entry in the dictionary is displayed.
Status Har: In the Research Center the status
bar contains some "quick functions", and other content
relevant information. The current functions in the Status
Bar are the "Library" button, the "Hooks" button, stand-
ard information and the "Binder" status.
Library Button: This is a quick way to jump to
the Library. The user is able to decide in user options
whether this button displays the standard library dialog

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box or the graphical library. The user is also able to
get to either the standard library dialog box or the
graphical library from the View menu above.
Books (on the Research Desk):
The rollover text on this button says "Books on
the Research Desk".
This is a pop-up box listing all of the books
in the library in alphabetical order. Next to each book
there is a check box, and all of the books checked on are
the ones presently in the Hrowser List (Research Desk).
Here the user can quickly turn additional books on, or
turn books off as desired, and this is be reflected in
the Browser List.
After making changes with the Hook box here the
user is optionally able to save the current set of books
in the Hrowser List as a new shelf.
Standard Status Information: The status bar
also displays standard status bar information.
Binder Status: This area is a quick way for the
user to see which binder is the currently selected bind-
er.
An option discussed was having this area have a
drop down list of all of the previously created binders,
allowing the user to quickly switch between binders. This
would allow the user to add information to whichever
binder he desires from anywhere without having to go into
the binder tab to choose the currently selected binder.
Shelf List: This is typically a pop-up combo
box, which reflects the types of books that currently
appear in the Hrowser List.
The choices in this drop-down list are the
names of all of the shelves in the library, allowing the
user to quickly jump to work with a different set of
books. When a shelf is chosen all of its books appear in
the Hrowser List by themselves.
If a custom combination of books has been

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chosen to be displayed in the Browser List, as opposed to
the books in just one bookshelf, then the word "custom"
appears in the top selection of the Shelf combo-box.
When the user has first chosen to work with one
shelf with the shelf list on the status bar, and then
books are added or removed in this book list, the shelf
itself is not permanently changed. The "Research Desk"
section in the library would reflect the change, and the
word custom would then appear in the quick Shelf list on
the status bar. In order to permanently change the books
in a shelf the user typically goes to the Library.
Stop Button: There is typically a stop button
on the status bar, which allows the user to stop any
action that has been started, such as a search.
Menu Bar: On the top of the screen there is a
standard type menu bar, which appears for all views. The
items in this menu bar changes to reflect the view that
the user is presently in.
If a media item has the focus then the "Article
Full Screen" and "Article in Window" menu items are
replaced with "Media Full Screen" and "Media in Window".
If a media item has the focus then the "Arti-
cle" menu item is called "Media" instead.
Figs. 61 - 62, taken together, form a simpli-
fied flowchart illustration of an example of a work-
session using the system of the present invention.
Use the following commercially available compo-
nents to compile Versabook.exe:
* "Crusher!". Version 3.2.
DC Micro Development
P.O.Box 54588
Lexington,
KY 40555
USA

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Phone: 606-245-4175
Fax: 606-245-9305
http://www.dcmicro.com
* CodeBase 6.3
Sequiter Software, Inc.
P.O. Box 783
Greenland, NH, USA
03840
Phone: (403) 437-2410
Fax: (403) 436-2999
E-mail: info@sequiter.com
* Verity Search '97 Software Developers Toolkit Version
2.2.3
Verity, Inc.
894 Ross Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
U.S.A.
Phone: (408) 541-1500
Fax: (408) 541-1600
www.verity.com
* LeadTools Win32 Pro V 8.0
Lead Technologies, Inc.
900 Baxter St.
Charlotte, NC 28204
USA
Phone: 704-332-55332
Fax: 704-372-8161
http://www.leadtools.com
* Ereg, Version 2.02
Husdawg Communications, Inc.
1660 S. Amphlett B1, Ste. 306
San Mateo, CA 94402
USA

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Phone: (650) 655-2522
Fax: (650) 655-2521
jhussey@husdawg.com
* SftTabs, version 2.12
Softel vdm
11 Michigan Ave.,
Wharton, NJ 07885
USA
Phone: (201) 366-9618
Fax: (201) 366-3984
www.softelvdm.com
* Kenn Nesbitt's ShareLock(TM)
Nesbitt Software Corporation
* Cgrm en.dll - Text To Speech dll
Perform the following steps:
1. Type in the contents of each file.
2. Place the files in the appropriate directories as per
the file list under the base directory D:\Versabook
3. Place the release libs for each 3rd party product in
the D:\Versabook\release directory
4. Install Microsoft Developer Studio with Visual C++
Version 5.0 (Enterprise Edition)
5. Select Open Workspace under the File menu.
6. Change the Files of Type Combo Box to Projects (*.dsp)
7. Select D:\Versabook\Gameslib\Gameslib.dsp and press
Open.
8. Open the Workspace window.
9. Go to the File tab in the Workspace window.
10. Right click on GamesLib Files and select Set as
Active Project
11. Select Set Active Configuration under the Huild menu
12. Select GamesLib - Win32 Release as the active config-

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uration,
13. Select Build in the Build menu to compile the games-
lib DLL
14. Select Open Workspace under the File menu.
15. Select D:\Versabook\build\versabook.dsw and press
Open.
16. Open the Workspace window.
17. Go to the File tab in the Workspace window.
18. Right click on GUI Files and select Set as Active
Proj ect
19. Select Set Active Configuration under the Build menu
20. Select GUI - Win32 Release as the active configura-
tion.
21. Select Build in the Build menu to compile the digital
book.
22. Install InstallShield version 5.1 Professional Edi-
tion on your computer.
23. Create a folder Versabook Install on D drive and
create the Versabook InstallShield files in their appro-
priate directories.
24. Run InstallShield by clicking tart", "Programs",
"InstallShield 5.1 Professional Edition".
25. Click "File","Open" and "D:\Versabook_Install\Versa-
book 1.20.ipr" to open the project.
26. (7)Choose the media tab (the disks icon on the tab).
27. Choose Media Build Wizard.
28. Choose Default and click Next.
29. Keep choosing Next, and then choose Finish.
30. Using Explorer, open the folder
D:\Versabook Install\Versabook\Media\Default\Disk
Images\disk 1.
31. Delete the file Setup.ini.
32. Copy all the remaining files onto \\NRServer\Versa-
book\Setup.
The following components are installed:
* DirectX.exe - Microsoft DirectX 5 distribution

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* DXMWrap.exe - Microsoft DirectX 5 distribution
* Msie302.exe - Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.02 Distri-
bution for Win95
* Msie302mnt.exe - Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.02
Distribution for NT
* Amovie.exe - Microsoft Active Movie distribution
* Spchapi.exe - Text To Speech
* SWFlash.ocx - ShockWave Flash, Macromedia
* Wetstd32.d11
The Main Menu displays the different options
available in the F&W Encyclopedia. To enter, click on one
of the following:
* Hook View: Opens a research center, with the Book tab
selected. All the books available for searching on the
user's Research Desk are listed.
* Search: Opens the Research Center with the Search tab
selected. Here the user can choose the search options
s/he needs to conduct his or her research.
* Media Gallery: Opens the Research Center with the Media
tab selected. A Media Gallery Table of Contents is dis-
played in the View Pane. To view a list of all media
items in a specific media type, click on the appropriate
media icon.
* Binder: Opens the Research Center with the Binder tab
selected. Here the user can collect and organize all his
or her research in file folders called Binders (collec-
tions of articles and websites for specific projects) for
future reference.
* Library: Opens the user's digital Library, where the
user can add publications to his or her collection and
organize his or her books on Shelves for easy access.

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* Digital Bookstore: Transports the user to an online
Bookstore, where the user can purchase and download books
directly to his or her digital Library.
* F&W Knowledge Center: Takes the user directly to the
website of the Funk & Wagnalls Knowledge Center.
* Guided Tour: Begins the user's guided tour of the
incredible features of the Funk & Wagnalls Unabridged
Encyclopedia.
The Research Center
The Research Center is the main Funk & Wagnalls window
and is where the user searches, views, organizes and
saves articles and media.
The window typically comprises three main components:
* The Navigation Bar, on the left-hand side -- here the
user can click on icons to quickly get to one of many
locations in the Encyclopedia.
* The Control Pane, in the center, where the user can
view book on the user's Research Desk, run searches,
select media items, and manage Binders.
* The View Pane, on the right-hand side, where the se-
lected item is viewed.
Tabs and buttons
Tabs appear on the Tool Bar above the Control Pane of the
Funk & Wagnalls Research Center. They allow the user to

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display a list of all the books on the user's Research
Desk, display the different search capabilities, check
out the Media Gallery, and manage the user's Binders.
Buttons appear on the Tool Bar in the View Pane of the
Research Center. They allow the user to view previous and
next articles in the book the user is researching, dis-
play associated media, show the user the book in which
the article appears, add an article to a Hinder, and
print a selected article.
Search options
A research system lets the user conduct searches for
articles and media items with either of the following
techniques:
Simple search
Here the user is presented with three methods of search-
ing by text:
* Searching titles only - Searches only the titles of
articles or media items.
* Searching full text - Searches the body of the articles
and captions under media items.
* Natural language query - Searches using a phrase ex-
pressed in plain English, for example: city in Australia.
The user may carry out other searches by using other
options, termed herein "advanced" options, which may for
example provide the following options:
* Find Only Media
* Conduct a Keyword search
* Conduct a Topic search

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* Conduct a Related Article search
The user can then sort his or her findings alphabetically
or by score (a reflection of how closely the article is
related to his or her search request).
Filing system
The user can organize and save all his or her found
articles, media items, and even Internet URLs (addresses)
in file folders called Hinders, for future reference.
Hinders may be created and reorganized, and their con-
tents printed.
Funk & Wagnalls Multimedia Gallery
The Funk & Wagnalls Unabridged Encyclopedia is packed
with thousands of media, which can be selected for view-
ing through the Media Gallery Table of Contents.
* Animations, Photos and Videos
* Maps and Flags
* Music, Sounds and Speeches
The Digital Library
A Library Builder allows the user to create his or her
own personalized digital Library.
* Automatically update articles and media in his or her
Funk & Wagnalls Unabridged Encyclopedia.
* Seamlessly add and integrate entire books from online
Bookstores, other Internet sites, and publishers' CDs to
his or her digital Library.
* Organize his or her new books on library Shelves for
instant reference.

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* Simultaneously search his or her entire library for the
information s/he needs.
Updating books in user's digital Library: Every
updated article or new book in the user's digital Library
is incorporated, sorted, assigned keywords and cataloged
for easy searching at a later date. The user can check
for updates on a specific book or on all the books in his
or her digital Library
Purchasing and adding books to user's digital Library:
The digital book system allows the user to purchase and
download new books to his or her digital Library from two
sources:
* Internet bookstores
* CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs
The user's new book is typically seamlessly
integrated into his or her digital Library and placed on
his or her Research Desk for immediate use.
The digital Librarian
The digital librarian, also termed herein the "bookworm,"
sits in the library, waiting to assist the user. The
librarian is operative to explain the various features of
the Graphical Library or help the user hook up with an
Internet bookstore or get back to the Research Center.
The user can also have the librarian read him or her a
book.
The software embodiment of Appendix A may be
provided with a CD-ROM encyclopedia with a completely-
stocked, fully-searchable, home digital library. Thou-
sands of books can be downloaded from the online digital
book store, then seamlessly integrated by a library
builder into the user's electronic library.

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To compile a Book or to compile media, using
the software embodiment of Appendix A, the following
steps may be performed:
Use a PC Compatible Pentium Computer running
Windows NT 4.0 with the following:
* Three button mouse
* Keyboard
* Colour 17" Monitor
* 3 Gigabyte Hard Disk Partitioned into C and D drives
with at least 2 Gigabytes on the D Drive
* CDROM
* 64 Megabytes of RAM
Use the following commercially available products to
compile the Versabook.exe file of Appendix A:
* "Crusher!". Version 3.2.
DC Micro Development
P.O.Box 54588
Lexington,
KY 40555
USA
Phone: 606-245-4175
Fax: 606-245-9305
http://www.dcmicro.com
* CodeBase 6.3
Sequiter Software, Inc.
P.O. Box 783
Greenland, NH, USA
03840
Phone: (403) 437-2410
Fax: (403) 436-2999
E-mail: info@sequiter.com
* Verity Search '97 Software Developers Toolkit Version
2.2.3
Verity, Inc.

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894 Ross Drive
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
U.S.A.
Phone: (408) 541-1500
Fax: (408) 541-1600
www.verity.com
* LeadTools Win32 Pro V 8.0
Lead Technologies, Inc.
900 Baxter St.
Charlotte, NC 28204
USA
Phone: 704-332-55332
Fax: 704-372-8161
http://www.leadtools.com
Perform the following steps:
1. Type in the contents of each file.
2. Place the files in the appropriate directories as per
the file list under the base directory D:\Versabook
3. Place the release libs for each 3rd party product in
the D:\Versabook\release directory
4. Install Microsoft Developer Studio with Visual C++
Version 5.0 (Enterprise Edition)
5. Select Open Workspace under the File menu.
6. Change the Files of Type Combo Box to Projects (*.dsp)
7. Select "D:\Versabook\BookCompiler\ BC GUI.dsp" and
press Open.
8. Open the Workspace window.
9. Go to the File tab in the Workspace window.
10. Right click on BC GUI Files and select Set as Active
Pro j ect
11. Select Set Active Configuration under the Build menu
12. Select BC GUI - Win32 Release as the active configu-
ration.
I3. Select Huild in the Build menu to compile the BC

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GUI.exe
14. Install InstallShield version 5.1 Professional Edi-
tion on your computer.
15. Create a folder Versabook-Install on D drive and
create the Versabook InstallShield files in their appro-
priate directories.
16. Run InstallShield by clicking "Start", "Programs",
"InstallShield 5.1 Professional Edition".
17. Click "File","Open" and "D:\Versabook_Install\Book-
Compiler.ipr" to open the project.
18. Choose the media tab (the disks icon on the tab).
19. Choose Media Build Wizard.
20. Choose Default and click Next.
21. Keep choosing Next, and then choose Finish.
22. Using Explorer, open the folder
D:\Versabook-Install\Media\Default\Disk Images\disk 1.
23. Run the Setup.exe to install the BookCompiler on your
computer
24. The text of the book to be compiled is assumed to
exist in the form of one or more electronic Word For
Windows documents. Typically, a very lengthy book appears
as more than one electronic documents. For example, a
book whose text is 100 megabytes long may be represented
by 50 2 megabyte documents.
Each such document is converted into a Master
Document. This is done by converting each Word For Win-
dows document into RTF Winhelp format except that article
IDs are stored after the titles, with a style tag called
Article ID, rather than having the article ID appearing
in a footnote before the article's title as in RTF Win-
help format.
Generate a list of the master document or
master documents which represent the book to be compiled.
This may be done by hand or by using a utility which
opens up a directory and creates a list of user-selected
files. This list is stored in a file called

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"filelist.doc". Each master document name in
"filelist.doc" should be separated from the former master
document name only by a line feed. There is thus exactly
one master document name per line.
As described above, VersaHookMakeMasterHTML
unit 907 converts Master documents 906 into Master HTML
Documents 908. To perform this conversion, using Micro-
soft Word 97, type in code entitled "VersabookMasterHtml"
in Appendix A, into a VBA (Visual Hasic Application) and
name the VBA "VersaBookMakeMasterHTML".
25. Run the "VersaBookMakeMasterHTML" on the
"filelist.doc" file. As described above, filelist.doc is
a list of the master documents characterizing the book
being compiled. This step is performed by pressing the
buttons [tools][macro](choose
"VersaBookMakeMasterHTML")[run].
26. Create FrmVersabook0.frm by typing up the
document "Visual Basic Form for Tree Processor" which is
in Appendix A and saving it as ASCII with the name
"FrmVersabookO.frm"
27. Create VersabookCompilerQ2.vbp by typing up the
document "VersabookCompilerQ2.vbp" which is in Appendix A
and saving it as ASCII with the name
"VersabookCompilerQ2.vbp"
28. Visual Basic 5.0 may be used to run Versabook-
CompilerQ2.vbp.
29. Hook Tree Processor 909 converts Master HTML
Documents 908 to Outline Tree 910 and Mini HTML Documents
911 using article information database 903 for keywords
and subjects and using media from conventional media
archives such as Archive Photo in New York, ASAP in Tel
Aviv, Israel, Bettman Photo in New York.
30. Run the BookCompiler generated in steps 1 - 23.
In the above description of the illustrated
embodiment, the term "media" may include text. The media
database 170 of Fig. 1 may include text although it most

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typically stores non-text information such as sound and
pictures. "Media queries" could search for all types of
media items including text. The term "media data ob-
jects" refers to both text media items and non-text media
items.
Reference is now made to Fig. 63 which is a
flowchart illustration of a preferred method of operation
for a publisher's tool constructed and operative in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present
invention. The publisher's tool, also termed herein the
"publisher's book digitizing system", is operative to
facilitate digitization of a book by a publisher.
First, preferred steps in the creation of a
digital book are described.
1. Conversion of Source Documents into Master
Documents
In this process all of the source documents of
the book are converted into the Master Document format.
The source documents can start out in any format. The
Master Document format will be HTML and in the future
XML. This step typically includes conversion of documents
to HTML and organization of HTML documents.
1.1. Conversion of Documents to HTML
The first step in this process is to convert
all of the source documents into HTML. There are a varie-
ty of ways for the publisher to perform this step:
1. The publisher can convert the documents to
HTML with a tool of his own. An example of this would be
to convert a Word document into HTML by doing "Save as
HTML" in Word for Windows.
2. The publisher can have a Service Center
perform this step.
3. It is an aim to provide a package of utili-
ties with the publisher's tool, which the publisher could
use to perform this conversion process. There would be
different utilities for this conversion process for the

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publisher to use depending on the format of the source
documents.
A goal is to provide utilities for this conver-
sion process from all sorts of formats. For version 1
utilities may be available to convert from ASCII to HTML
and from SGML to HTML. An aim is to provide conversion
filters also for other popular formats such as Quark,
Word and Ventura.
What actually happens in this conversion proc-
ess to the Master Document format is that a certain
structure is created for the documents. This structure
includes making the text generally readable with substan-
tially no unnecessary spaces. It also includes creating
a logical hierarchical structure for the book, including
headings. There will be a maximum of 6 levels of head-
ings that can be used in creating this structure, in
fitting with HTML.
1.2. Organization of the HTML Documents: After
all of the source documents are in HTML format the offi-
cial Publisher's Tool begins. There will be a wizard to
start the digital book creation process. The following
steps will take place in this Wizard-Organization proc-
ess:
1. The publisher will be asked to put all of
the HTML files in one directory and to specify which
directory it is and where it is located.
2. The publisher will be asked to put all of
his own media files in one directory and to specify which
directory it is and where it is located.
3. The publisher will be asked to specify the
order of all of the HTML documents in the book.
4. The publisher will be asked to choose a
general template for the book
5. A verification process will take place
confirming that all of the links match up correctly.
At the end of this process the source documents

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are in the Master Document format. The individual HTML
articles are not split up yet at this point, they are
still in the same grouping as the Source Documents were
in. For example if each source document were a chapter
in the book then each Master Document would also be a
chapter in the book.
While in the Master Document format certain
processes can be performed on the documents. These
processes include:
1. The publisher is able to change any of the
structure of the book. Examples of structural changes
could be: Changing headings anywhere in the book, Moving
articles, chapters, etc. around in the book, Merging
articles within the book, Adding new articles to the
book, Deleting articles from the book and Updating exist-
ing articles in the book.
After the structure has been changed the pub-
lisher can choose to view a tree of the book, which would
display the order of the structure of the book and how it
is broken up. This way the publisher can see if he likes
the changes that he made before moving forward.
2. The publisher can perform a wide variety of
editing processes here. These would include editing of
text, changing the style of the text, cutting and past-
ing, and more.
3. The publisher can create hyperlinks within
his book here using an automatic hyperlinking process.
Master Documents can be printed and they can be
saved in various formats that the publisher may want for
other uses.
The next step in the creation of a digital book
is to convert all of the Master Documents into a certain
database format where other processes can be performed on
them. There is preferably another wizard to aid the
publisher in performing this step. In this conversion
process the book is divided into all of its sections

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(chapters, articles) so they can be worked on individual-
ly. The hierarchical structure of each article is then
verified to make sure that it makes sense and has no
errors.
A publisher's own media may or may not be able
to maintain its links to articles in this step.
While in the database format of the present
invention, the system is able to choose each item in the
tree structure of the book individually and perform the
various processes on it. These items will include the
book level, chapters, articles, and associated media
items (as they are added to the project).
Depending on the publisher's needs, the steps
that will be available to be implemented here can be done
in an automated fashion, a semi-automated fashion or a
totally manual fashion. There will be wizards and var-
ious browsing methods available for each step if it is
fitting to aid the publisher in performing these steps.
The following steps can be performed while in
the database format:
1. Adding Media: The publisher can add as many
media items, associated and/or embedded, to a piece of
the book as desired.
Associated media items are items that are
attached to a piece of the book, but they also each have
their own properties and can be viewed on their own.
Associated media items can be added from the Media Data-
base 170 or from the Publisher's own collection of media.
A wizard will be available to help the publisher to
choose media items from the Media Database 170 only.
After an associated media item is assigned to an article
it will appear in the tree of the book under the article.
The associated media item will then have the ability to
be assigned categories, keywords, and any of the query
data particular to the queries associated with the books.

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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140
Properties of the associated media item such as title
and/or caption are preferably editable by a user.
Embedded media is media that is located within
the article itself and it does not have its own proper-
ties as associated media has. Embedded media does not
appear in the book's tree structure. The publisher can
choose to embed this type of media into any location
within an article (or chapter, etc). Embedded media can
be added from the Media Database 170 or from the Publish-
er's own collection of media. A wizard will be available
to help the publisher to choose media items from the
Media Database 170 only.
2. Attaching Categories: The publisher is able
to choose an unlimited number of categories and sub-
categories for each item in the book's tree structure.
There will be a fixed list of categories and sub-catego-
ries to choose from, and new ones cannot be added. The
list of categories and subcategories available will be
determined by the template, which was chosen for the
book.
A parent and child item in the tree cannot have
the same category/sub-category combination. Typically,
the Publisher's Tool can check this. Associated media
items that have been added to the book can also be as-
signed categories and sub-categories.
3. Attaching Keywords: The publisher will be
able to add an unlimited number of keywords to each item
in the book's structure. Parent and child items in the
tree cannot have the same keyword attached to them.
Typically, the Publisher's Tool monitors their activi-
ties.
Associated media items that have been added to
the book can also be assigned keywords. Optionally,
keywords can be automatically added.
4. Conversion from Database Format Back into
Master Document Format: The publisher may want to convert

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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141
articles back to the Master Document format, e.g. to
change the book structure or to save the information in a
different format for other uses.
In this process the publisher can convert one
article or choose selected articles to convert back to
the Master Document format. Alternatively, the whole
database of articles can be converted back if any are to
be done.
If an article is converted back to a Master
document then in order to be incorporated into the media
database 170 it is typically converted back to the Data-
base format.
Final Steps in Creating a digital book - Digi-
tal book Compilation Process: After all of the editing
and enriching has been performed on all of the items in
the book the publisher can take all of the items in the
Database format and convert them into a digital book.
Accounting and Packaging: Before the final
digital book compilation process takes place an account
is generated as to how many and which pieces of media
were used from the Media Database 170.
A message will be sent to the system Server
that a new invoice has come in. The invoice will contain
a list of all of the media used for the book and the
price of each piece of media. If this is a second
version of the book then optionally, only the new added
media is charged for.
Before compiling a final digital book the
publisher is asked if this version is a draft or the
final book.
The system ensures that the publisher doesn't
use a draft version for the real version: one implementa-
tion is~ to have the words "Draft Version" written on
every HTML page of the book.
Optionally, the publisher is charged for the
media only when the final digital book is compiled and

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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142
not for the media in a draft version.
Any suitable process for assigning version
numbers may be employed.
Final digital book- Three Outcome Options
The publisher can choose to create any or all of these
options.
1. A Physical DVD/CD - a stand-alone digital
book
2. Web Pages - an HTML document
This is all of the information in an HTML
format that the publisher can use to create a Web site.
3. A Downloadable Netbook
This will be a book that will be compatible for use with
the library research engine 150, also termed herein the
system's "consumer Viewer". This can be put on the Inter-
net.
EXAMPLE
An example of the use of the tables of Fig. 6
in order to research a book entitled "Treating Asthma,
Allergies, and Food Sensitivities" is now described with
reference.
An example of Attributes table 427 filled with
data which represents attributes of the book entitled
"Treating asthma...", is the following:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 143 PCT/IL99/00372
Sample Attributes Table
Name Value
Book Version # 1.10 (Build 7)
Text Date 04/28/1998
Compile Date 04/28/1998
Dewey Decimal
LOC Number
Merging Level
How Often To Check0/0/0
Copyright HLink 1997 by The Philip Lief Group
Txt
Default Bookshelf Health & Medicine
Def Shelf InternalHealth & Medicine
Copyright 1997 by The Philip Lief Group
Author Alan Pressman and Herbert D. Goodman
Publisher Berkley
Background Y~Ya
Copyrights Page 999999999
#
Overview Page # 999999998
Caption Backgrnd "#5151C3"
Caption Color "#FEF5D8"
Update Version 0
#
<H1> attributes
<H2> attributes
<H3> attributes
<H4> attributes
<HS> attributes
<H6> attributes
Before <H1> <TABLE WIDTH=100><TR><TD><FONT COLOR="#4747B9"><B>
After <H1> </B></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR><TD>
<IMG SRC= **gif2** width=100$ height=4>
End <Hi>
</TD></TR>
</TABLE><BR CLEAR=ALL>
Before <H2-6> <BR CLEAR=ALL><FONT COLOR="#5151C3"><B>
After <H2-6> </B></FONT><blockquote>
End <H2-6> </blockquote>
Body attributes
Table attributes BGCOLOR="#FEFBED" BORDERCOLORDARK="#OOOOA1"
BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#AACCFF"
Border "0"
Additional Gif File GIF89a
Cell Spacing "2"

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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144
An example of a Bookcase table 473 filled with
data which represents an individual user's bookcase. now
follows. Each record in the following Bookcase table
typically represents a single bookshelf:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
145
...,
t
a
.,
0
0
m
T
4r
7
C
Q~
U
t
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N
d
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~ 0
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w C ~
C fa7 4
~0
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t~ .-1
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~0 ~0 L
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~ tT ,r
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i0 O
a3
~~ N O
N
L .-i ~-1
~ tll
t0 U U
.r
E .O U
U C C
Cl z azm
L
_ c
U
.Q
ar o 0
0 0 0
0
O N N N
N N N
m m m m
.~ N
m m CD
m O O
N N N N
O O
~O ~O ~D
~D O O
O r r r
r O O
~ O o
-~C CD
W OD a~
O O
O N1 f"1
M M O
O
O vf7 ~IW
fW'1 O
O
Cl O O
O O O
O
M M M M
4 O O O
O O O
r'f O O N O O
T7 O O O O O O
~ O O O O O O
~~a O O O O O O
t O O O O O O
U O O O O O O
O O O O O O
O O O O O O
~ O O O O O O
Z O O O O O O
r1 N M ~-1 N .-r
O O O O O O
E O O O O p O
~ O O O O O O
Z O O O O O O
'D O O O O O O
~~~i O O O O O O
~~~~ O O O O O O
t O O O O O O
U O O O O O o
O ~ ..a .y11 V1
O O o O O O
O O O O O O
O o o O O O
a~o00000
Co00000
d O O O O O O
sa O O O O O O
~O O O O O O O
a O O O O O O
N r1 ~f1 a' tD
O O O O O O
O O O O O O
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
000000
000000
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 o c
N O O O O O O

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
146
An example of a Briefcase table 449 filled with
data which represents the individual user's briefcase
including a single binder, is as follows. Each record in
a briefcase typically corresponds to a single binder:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
147
E
ro
z
a
x
N
01
po
N f~
N
p
H
W
O u1
00 O
~L
m
d O O
a
0
.-i o
0
U°o
w O
O o
E o
o
z o
0
E o
O
z o
'p o
.-a o
~.~ o
.G o
U O
O
O
pO
H o
.u o
C o
NO
sr o
roo
a1 0
0
0
0
O
O
O
O
p0
N O

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
148
An example of a query ID result table 440 is as
follows:
ID Count
9 0
8 1
6 43

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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149
An example of a viewdata table 430, filled with
data which represents viewable data in the above-refer-
enced book entitled "Treating asthma...", is as follows:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 ~ 5Q PCT/IL99/003'72
Sample Viewdata Table
ID Format Location Format2 Zocation2
0000000001FLASH FILE CORUP UNDEF
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000'_000006HTML TABLE CORUP UNDEF
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CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 151 PCT/IL99/003~2
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CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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OOC1000045HTML TABLE CORUP UNDEF
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09CC0195y0JPG MEDDB CORUP UNDEF
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000'_100052HTML TABLE CORUP UNDEF
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OOO~OOC1~CHTML TABL CORUP UNDEF
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9
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0900019552 MEDDB CORUP UNDEF
JPG
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HTML
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HTML

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0001000082CORUP UNDEF CORUP UNDEF
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CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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155
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CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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156
An example of a tree table 401 is as follows:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 157 PCT/IL99/00372
r >- D r~ 3
C C U N 0
E O ~ d
4, In 47 C7 F C N N
r., ... Z 07 E~ O d LU ~e C
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W W W 4! U2' ~t d p ~ d a
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
159
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
160
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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
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O O O O O C O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O C O O O O O
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O O O G O O O O O O C~ O
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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O E O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
161
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O C O O O O O O O G C G O O O O O O O O O m O O O v O ~O C O O C G O O O O C O
O G C~ - ~ .~ O J C O
O O O O M O O O O O O O O O O O C O O O O O !D O G G v O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O C G O ~~ O O O G
O O O O a G O C O O O O O O O O C O O O O O v O O O M O .r O O O O O O O G O G
O O O O G G G C~ O G ~~ G
O O O O O O G G O O O O O O O O O O O O O O r O G O .w O o O O O O O O O O O O
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O O O O O O O O O C O O O O O O G O O O O O O G O C O G O O O O O O O O O O O
C O O C O O C O O C O
O O O O O O O O O O G O O O O O O O O O O O C C O O O O O O O O O O O G O O O
O O G O O O G ~. O G C
O O O O ~ C G C '~ O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G O O O ~ O O O O O O O C
O O G ~ ~ ' O C~ G C C~
J O O O v O O ~7 O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O ~. O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O G O
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
162
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O G O G O G G G
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G G O G G O O C~
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O O O O O O O C~
C7 (~ C~ L7 t7 ~ CL C~ C~ (~ V C7 C7 C'J C7 U L C7 U C7 C7 U C7 C7 f0 C7 1~ C7
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IZd w IZd 4Z7 LZJ7 IZa1 GZ7 47 IZ~7 L1 tZn7 4Z7 47 IZa1 47 LZv7 47 4Zl 41 L:
i2a1 w fall 41 4Z7 IZa7 IZa7 t=~7
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O O O O G O O O O O
00000000 0 000000000 00 0000000 ~ooa~oooo000oooooCOOOo
00000000 0 000000000 00 0000000 ro ooNOOOOCOOCOGOGOo
000000-0 o Cooooo000 00 0000000 oo~coolnoooooGOGoGOGOo
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, o ., o o a o 0 0 0 o
G C o o c~ C o 0 0
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O O O O O O O O O O' O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G O
O O O O O O O O
F F F f F f E E E f-~ f F F E F E- F E- F E f- F E E~' E~ F F O E O F F ~ E E
E E F E E F~ E F E E- E E-
xxxxxxxx x xxxxxxxxx xx xxxxxxx ~Ox~xxbxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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4. F E F E F E~ E E E- E E E t- E
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O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O Q O O G O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G O O O O O O O O G O O
G O O O O O O O
O O O O C O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
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O O O O O O O O
C o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
°o°o°o°o°o°oo°o °o
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O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O .H O O O O O O O O O O O O "
G O O O O O C G
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O O O G O O G
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O O O G O O O O
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O ~ O O O O G O
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G G G G G G O O
0 0 0 o C o C G o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0
0 0 o G o 0 0 0
O O O O O C C O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G
O O O G O G '7 G
O O O O C O G O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O G O
O O O O O O G O
O G O O O C G O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O
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.r O N O O v O O vD t9 v0 vD ~O t0 v0 v0 O r t~ r
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.r O .r .r ~~ .w .r .u .~ .~a ..1 .~r .n
C O C O O O C O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C O O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O G O O O O O O J O
:i G G O C O C O ~ ~
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C C O O ~ ~ O ~ G
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to
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CJ ~~1 < v ~ 'V We r s a. r .~, f 1 r r 1'I
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.~ V' .~ -~ N t~ CJ <J W nTf ~~: .r .w 1'1 1'~1
N N N N O .-1 .~1 ~I N ~w w .-1 r-1 r~1 .-1 ~I N C N N .-1 N N N ~ ..a f~1 ~ ~-
I r w7 'a ~~w .~a N N 'J C~J <V N N .-1 ~~~ CV N
0 0 0 0 o c o o -. G n. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o v o 0 0 o c o o ., a~ o rn o o
c, 0 0 0 0 o c G o 0 0 0 - 0 0
0 0 0 0 o C o o v~ o t~ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .. o o .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 o c~ .~. o .~.
o o .. 0 0 0 0 0 0 o a ~ G G o : o
O O O G O O .-1 O 4 O C .r O O O O O .r O O aJ O O .~~ O O O O ..J O O 2' O O
O O O O O .~ O O O O O O O O .-~ O O O
..1 .-n .~n ~~ .r 0 w .w .r .-n .r ..a .r J .r yr .r .~ ~-, tJ O O O .~ .~~ .a
~r .~ ..~ r
O O O O O O ~ O .r O a O O O O O O O O O .~ O O O O O O O O O O a O O O O O O
O O O O O G O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O 4 O 4 O O O O O O O O O O O O d O O O O O O O Q O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99100372
163
N
G
O
.1
a
m
N
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c a
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L
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X
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s. N N
w d L
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4 O ~ O ~~ C N ~ 7
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U td D ~ U G C7 U
O o 0 0 0 0 0 o O
o O o 0 o O o 0 0
00000000 0
0 0 o O o o O o 0
O o O O o 0 0 o O
O C7 C7 C7 p C~ (7 p C7
~ iZa ~:7 r.=~ ~ c.Z7 w uZ7 r.Z7
,..~ ..r ... .a .~ ..1 .a .a .w
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
c a o o ~ o G G o
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o~ooooeG o
o0oG0oG a
O O O O O O G G O
O O O O v O O v O
O O O O O O O O O
O O O O O O O O O
F F F F F it F F F
xxxxxxxx x
W W W W W W W W W
F F F F F F F F F
W W W W W W W C1 C1
f S ~ f F f t Z Z
0 0 0 0 0 o G o ~n
00000000 0~
O O O O O O O O N
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O O O O O O O O 0~
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O O O O O O O O v
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O O O O O O O O O~
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O O O O O O O O N
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r r r r O .~ .w .r ~t1
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00000000 ~o
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n .r ..a .~ .a O O O v
O O O O O O O O v C~
0 0 G O O O O O C N
O O O O O O O G G1 v
a~
C
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P1 n'1 ..v N n'1 Iy1 N Oa r Oo
N N ~ ~ N N .-t T ~ T
0 0 0 o a o O rn v o~
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O O O o .r O o 0t ..~ o~
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O O O O O O O O~ .-~ O~
O O O O O O O o~ 7 O~
O O O O O O O O Z O
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
164
The Library table 493 is typically filled with
results representing the individual user's library. The
bookstat field is also termed the BS field. The newstat
field is also termed the NS field. The Booktype field is
also termed the BT field. The DOtype field is also termed
the DO field. The Tabletype field is also termed the TB
field. The Bookpath field is also termed the PATH field.
The Tempname field is also termed herein the TEMPLATE
field. As shown, the user's library includes only two
books. An example of a Library table 493 is as follows:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
165
p
N
ro
." j,
a ro
v v
o. >r
o t~
U w
7. O
U
G 7.
47 4
ro
N C
~ H
ro~
C U
~ ~.1
ro~
3
v
b N
~c U
C C
7 O
fm U
N f°1
M 01
O ~D
r-1 O
Om
1 ~
r1 I
v r
x
m m ~,
N I I
h1 O O
v N
W U U
H C C
v ar
w w
d N
w w
H aro'a
N 11
M 01
O ~O
.-t O
Om
I ~
N1 I
Q f~
x
H mm
I I
W o O
~p o O
H N N
O O
E
W o O
v~ o O
Z o 0
N
N
m O O w-I
(p O O t
a
ro
w
o~
0
.r N ~~I
O O CO
O O
O O 7.
O O v
O O
O O a~
O O C
p o o v
1-1 O O U

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
166
An example of a Query String Results table 423,
filled with data which represents results of queries
performed on the above-referenced book entitled "Treating
asthma...", is as follows:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
167
Name Count
press 1
nutrition 1
form
department 1
new 2
York 1
college 1
president 1
council 1
medicine
date 2
back
history
base
magic 1
folk 1
old 2
tale 1
surgery 1
natural 5
chemical 4
research 2
human 2
health 26
movement 1
medical 6
procedure 1
great
illness 2
people 10
asthma 30
fact
cough 5
life 2
first
record S
reaction 5
food 2~
father 1
power 4
observation 1
cheese 2
individual 4
skin 17
allergy 10
range 1
condition 6
general 4
hive 9
tissue 2
fever 3
mouth 2
word 1
rose 1
smell 1

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
168
chest 5
star 2
common 16
sign 1
exercise 3
breathing 6
chronic 5
circle 2
sleep 1
crder 2
stage 1
diagnosis 9
physical 7
doctor
weight 2
treatment 12
measure 9
i~~mune 8
system 11
body 20
infection 9
cat 1
plant 1
stomach 5
herb 7
world 1
long 5
root 2
p=incip~e 1
electromagnetic
force 1
series 1
conductor 1
energy 2
organ 4
emotion 5
spirit 1
nationa'_ 1
institute 1
grant 2
prayer 1
drug 3
abuse 1
program 3
mass 3
method 5
stress 1~
management 1
chance 2
import 3
defense 1
spinal 1
nervous 1
muscle 2
current 1
disease 2
infant 5

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00102143 PCT/IL99/00372
169
children 16
age 1
american 1
environment 3
climate 2
high 2
substance 3
house 1
dust 6
period 1
time 3
solution 9
hand 2
sinus 2
bacteria 1
acid 1
response 1
play 1
fear 1
pattern 1
smoke 1
odor 1
air 3
pollution 1
lung 4
rain 1
hot 2
draft 1
red 3
school 1
official 2
education 1
nurse 1
peak 1
instrument 1
foundation 1
sound 1
right 2
matter 1
trial 1
inflammation2
antibiotics 2
combat 2
act
emergency
poker 1
therapy 3
psychotherapist
1
arsenic 1
store 1
pressure 4
fungus
family 2
passage 3
fuel 1
society 1
eating 1

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
170
formula 1
mental 1
balance 2
technique 2
toxic 2
extreme 2
spring 1
crust 1
soap 1
fortune 1
temperature 1
solvent 1
earl 2
bloc 1
zinc 1
oxide 1
consul 2
product 2
diet 6
sense I
jewelry 1
cloth 1
way 3
colcr 1
shape 1
additive 2
day
oral 1
veoetable 1
parsley 1
for:~ation 1
lead 2
nutrient 1
particle 1
liver 1
monkey 1
examination 3
blood 2
field 1
controversy 1
tea 1
commercial 2
indigestion 1
gas 2
milk 5
drink 1
fruit 2
sugar 2
enzyme 2
glucose 2
discrder 2
cancer 1
reason 1
degree 1
relief 1
powder 1
hydrogen 1

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
171
standard 1
carbohydrate 1
laboratory 2
north 1
Carolina 1
digestive 1
home 1
water 1
foreign 1
elderly 1
fine 1
pain 1
tool 1
industrial 1
inorganic 1
design 1
parent 2
a ye 1
penicillin 1
sulfur 1
insulin 1
moth 1
nature 1
interest 1
custom 1

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
172
The Preferences table 804 is a general table
which is filled with data which represents general user
preferences. An example of a Preferences table 804 is as
follows:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
173
Valua
language English
BinderTitle <CENTER>
<P>
<BR>
<BR>
<H1>Contents of **VB NAME OF ITEM**</H1>
<BR>
<BR>
</CENTER>
BinderArticleBegin <LEFT>
<BR>
<BR>
<H3>**VB NUMHER OF ARTICLE**. **VB NAME OF ITEM**</H3>
<H9>(**VB-NAME OF-BOOK**)</H4>
</LEFT>
<BR>
<BR>
HinderABeginWP <LEFT>
<BR>
<HR>
<H3>**VB NUMHER OF ARTICLE**. **VH NAME OF ITEM** -
**VB_NAME OF_PARENT**</H3> -
<H4>(**VB NAME OF BOOK**)</H4>
</LEFT>
<BR>
<BR>
BinderTCEntry <LEFT>

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
174
<H3>**VH~NUMHER_OF ARTICLE**. **VB NAME OF_ITEM**.</H3>
</LEFT>
BindTC~ntryWP <LEFT>
<H3>**VB NUMBER OF ARTICLE**. **VH NAME OF ITEM** -
**VB NA.ME OF PARENT**.</H3>
</LEFT>
BinderAEnd <CENTER>
<P>
<HR>
<BR>
<BR>
<HR>
<HR>
<BR>
<BR>
</CENTER>
Flashpix HLink
Link File Contents <HTML>
<HEAD>
</HEAD>
<BODY BACKGROUND="~*attributes**">
<SCRIPT LANGUAGES"JavaScript">
location.href~"**Kovetz**"
</SCRIPT>
</BODY>
</HTML>
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/tL99/00372
175
Internet Media CGI
http://cgi.versabook.com/scripts/redirectcgi.exe?functio
r.=getmedia&MediaDBID=**MediaDBaidee**&RegistrationID=**aidee**&Embeda**kenOlo*
*&
Format=**Sug**
Versabook Server vbeng.versabook.co.il
URL
Downloads URL downloads
A1 Hapanim 30
SaveArticle 0
AddToCurrentBinder0
MultipleWords 2
MediaHyperLinks 1
SubArticles 1
ScoreMethod 1
Exe Download CGI
cgi.versabook.com/scripts/redirectcgi.exe?function=downl
oad&RegistrationID~**aidee**&CurrentVersion=**version**
UpdateReportDate 03/10/1998
LibView 2
HistListSize 50
StartUpMode 1
ArticleID 1
BookID 1
LastMDBID 0
LastDateNoLine 02/24/1998
BrowserFontSize 2
TextHyperLinks 1
ToolButtonSounds 1
AutomaticUpdate 0
NoLineAlertStatus 0
NoLineAlertTime 0
Versabook Server Versabook Bookstore
Nam
Active Store Name versabook.versabook.co.il
Active Store URL versabook.versabook.co.il
FullTextOptions 1
SortingOrder 2
MaxSearchHits 1000
TopNumberOfHits 100
Bookstore Name Versabook Bookstore
Bookstore Name versabook.versabook.co.il
Bookstore URL
http://cgi.versabook.com/scripts/redirectcgi.exe?functio
n=signin~RegistrationID=**aidee**
Bookstore URL vbeng.versabook.co.il
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
176
An example of a Tree Table 401, filled with
data which represents the tree structure of the above-
referenced book entitled "treating asthma..."
now fol-
lows:

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
177
Y ~ O f~~
O
~F F U a a v 4.
2 V! C
'fl = x ., a w 4 ~ F C~ m
C a v N
m ~. ~. ra: > t~ ~ v c d n.
~ ~ a ~ ~ x a
H c~~' o a F A c
v m m o o >. a m .J ,.., ~ t F
w F 4. ~a Q '~ G 7 a N a 5 U a
4 K ~ ~ x a C U C a N v1 L. N N N
.r W w O m C ~ N ..~ H N ~.~ C a N C C7
2 Z H ~ E H 4 4 V N C! G aJ ~ F L Q~
4 O ~ v7 F z a c ~O. F c a w o E a ~o c m aJ H vyJ ~
U U U' N w U7 ~-1 N N >~ O N L a a O~ C O V On a
n0 Y T D D ~ a E 4 C' ~ fn a 4 ~ a a v m c O ~.a 4J C N a i0
E pp W W VZ7 OW -1 C ~ C .. .. H v a~ w ~ d N E a T 0J Qn 4 C!
a J~ G..F~Z~~ y >.>....0~» m ~ U ~ a V > v t,JU N.rF moo. N e~~o m
H o a .~ W .. -. o
4~ CT G F c Z N w io N ..~~ .N >, a i0 .-~ L ~ E c to T C Y >
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
179
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
180
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
181
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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
WO 00/02143 PCT/IL99/00372
182
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~-~ O .~~~ O O ..r O O O O O O O O O G
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O O O O O O O .~~ O O O O O O O O
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O O O O O O O O O O O O 4 O Q O O O O O O O O O D O O C. O O O O O O O s[ O O
O O O O O O O O O O O O O O
SUBSTITUTE SHEET {RULE 26)

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SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 2b)

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As shown in the above table, it is seen that
the four articles named ARE YOU...., TRADITIONAL ...,
ALTERNATIVE... and THE PHYSICIANS'... are represented in
records (rows) 3 - 7 in the Tree Table which follows. All
of these articles have the same parent (see parent field
-- second column from left) namely the article whose ID
(first column from the left) is 0001000001, i.e. the
third article (name = Introduction). Indeed, the table
of contents which corresponds to the above table (see
Fig. 64) indicates that this is correct. Conversely, the
third article's NUM CHILD field indicates that the Intro-
duction article has, indeed, 4 children.

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Reference is now made to Figs. 65 and 66. Fig.
65 is a simplified block diagram illustration of the book
creation tool 120 of Fig. 1. Fig. 66 is a simplified
flowchart illustration of a preferred method of operation
for the book compiler 112 of Fig. 65 also showing the
inputs and outputs to that method. The outputs, in combi-
nation, typically form the digital book 100. Some tables,
such as Tree and Viewdata tables 401 and 430 in the
illustrated embodiment, are developed iteratively in the
course of the process and therefore are shown as both
inputs and outputs.
Fig. 66 is now described in detail.
The initial inputs to the method of Fig. 66 are
attributes.txt file 914 (input to step 950), lib.txt file
916 (input to step 951) and fonts.txt file 915 (input to
step 953). Files 914 - 916 are described herein in detail
and are typically generated off-line, by keying in the
appropriate information.
Raw Documents 180: Raw digital documents may be
received in any of three possible conditions:
1. ASCII (uncoded and unformatted text).
2. SGML (coded but not formatted).
3. Standard Word processor (Formatted).
To facilitate the conversion to Master Document
906, a master document processing unit 902 is used which
may perform the process described below which includes a
filtering step.
Master Document Processing unit 902: Unit 902
preferably includes the following utilities A - Q:
A. 902.1 Create File List: Raw documents or books
to be compiled come in as a single electronic, typically
Word For Windows document, or as many such documents.
This program creates a file called (PROJECT NAME).LST
which contains the list of files that will be processed.
An example of a PROJECT NAME.LST file is the following:
"a . dOC ~~

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ls6
"b.doc"
"C.dOC"
"d.doc"
"e.doc"
"f . doc"
8. 902.2 Combine All Files: This utility combines
a selected and ordered list of document files into one
big file. For example, "Chaperl.txt", "Chaper2.txt",
"Chaper3.txt", "Chaper4.txt", and "Chaper5.txt" get
combined into one document and given a name like
"book.doc". This utility is used when many electronic
files are provided for a single book, or if the book is
small and it comes with more than one file.
C. 902.3 SGML to RTF: This process creates an RTF
document (Word for Windows-Rich Text Format) file based
on an SGML document file. In some cases, documents
arrive with proprietary codes. This program allows the
proprietary codes to be visually seen and changed.
An example of SGML Input is as follows:
<GEODESC>Afghanistan</GEODESC>
<GEO><SUBJECT><FIELD>Location</FIELD>
<DATA>Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of
Iran</DATA>
</SUHJECT>
<SUHJECT><FIELD>Geographic coordinates</FIELD>
<DATA>33 00 N, 65 00 E </DATA>
An example of RTF Output is as follows:
Afghanistan
Location Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan,
east of Iran
Geographic coordinates 33 00 N, 65 00 E
D. 902.4a Get Special Character: This process
searches all documents) listed in (PROJECT NAME).LST for

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187
special non-keyboard characters that were coded. These
characters can be standard European characters or the
publisher's proprietary characters e.g. {Eumlat} might be
replaced with E with two dots above it. This program
produces a file with a list of codes that represent
special characters. If the special character does not
exist, then a font must be modified to contain the new
character. The list of code representing special charac-
ters is placed in a file called CODES.INI.
An example of a Code Mapping File (which
has not been mapped) is as follows:
Sample of file "codes.ini"
&#259;
&#261;
&#263;
&#268;
&#269;
&#272;
&#273;
&#281;
&#283;
&#287;
&#301;
&#305;
&#321;
&#322;
&#324;
&#328;
&#335;
E. 902.4b Map Special Char: This process allows
the user to assign the font characters to special codes.
For example, code fEuml} found in the electronic document
may be replaced with an umlaut E(found in Arial font as
the 203rd character). This code has an ASCII Value of 203
and is found in a font called Arial. Most electronic

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188
documents contain proprietary codes. An example of a Code
Mapping File is as follows, where column 1=code found,
column 2= character value, column 3=font used. As shown,
for example, in the second line of the table, special
code "&#261;" was found to be the 41st character in a
font called "VBRH".
&#259;97 vbHAC
&#261;41 VBRH
&#263;99 vbACU
&#268;82 vbOXRL
&#269;188 VBRH
&#272;208 Arial
&#273;133 VBRH
&#281;101 vbCD2
&#283;55 VBRH
&#287;62 VeRH
&#301;105 vbHAC
&#305;74 vbOXRL
&#321;76 vb01
&#322;108 vb01
&#324;90 VBRH
&#328;110 vbHAC
&#335;165 VBRH
F. 902.4c Replace Special Characters: This process
replaces coded text with special characters. After the
map file is filled out, this program is run to replace
the coded characters with what they actually look like,
based on file CODES.INI.
G. 902.5 Copy Titles to Bold: This utility makes a
copy of each of the high level titles in a document, and
places the information on the first paragraph preceding
that title. This is done because in the format described
herein, the titles are slightly distant from the text,
and the text may not display as a proper sentence. An

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example of an article where titles were copied to the
line below is as follows:
Before
AACHEN
(Fr. Aix-la-Chapelle), city, W central Germany, in North
Rhine-Westphalia, near Belgium and the Netherlands.
Aachen is known for its excellent mineral springs and has
been a health resort since the 1st century AD. The city
is an important railroad junction and industrial center.
After
AACHEN
AACHEN (Fr. Aix-la-Chapelle), city, W central Germany, in
North Rhine-Westphalia, near Belgium and the Netherlands.
Aachen is known for its excellent mineral springs and has
been a health resort since the 1st century AD. The city
is an important railroad junction and industrial center.
H. 902.6 Bold to Heading: This utility finds bold
- text that occurs at the beginning of a paragraph in a
document, copies it, and makes it into a title. In many
cases Hardcopy books display a title as bold text at the
beginning of a paragraph. Boldface at the beginning of a
sentence may sometimes indicates a subsection.
An example of an article where titles were created from
bold text at the beginning of a paragraph is as follows:
Before
ea*gle noun 1 . a large bird of prey related to the
hawks 2 . a score of two under par on a hole in golf

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After
Eagle
ea*gle noun 1 . a large bird of prey related to the
hawks 2 . a score of two under par on a hole in golf
The above example is an example of where it is
desired to subdivide an article into more headings.
Boldface at the beginning of a sentence usually indicates
a subsection.
I. 902.7 Merge Repeat Titles: This utility com-
bines two or more articles in a document if they share
the same title.
J. 902.8 Auto Article ID: This utility gives each
Article in a document a nine digit Article ID. The
information pertaining to the article ID is stored in a
database 903 called LINK.MDB. At this point, i.e. when
every title has a unique Article ID, the document is
officially a Master Document.
K. 902.9 Auto Hyperlink: Once the LINK.MDH data-
base 903 created by utility 902.8) has been created in
the Auto Article ID utility (902.8), Auto Hyperlinking
can occur. In many cases the publisher signifies a
reference to another title as a phrase in small caps, a
phrase in bold, a phrase in italic or a phrase following
an astrix. By marking these phrases (e.g., in Word, by
making these phrases light green with Word for Window's
edit replace feature), it is possible to quickly use what
is assumed to be the publisher's references. This utility
searches for the marked phrase (in this example light
green text) in an electronic document, checks the data-
base 903 to see if the marked text corresponds to a
title, and if found, it creates a hyperlink. A hyperlink

CA 02336715 2001-O1-05
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191
is coded with the 9 digit id of the article that it
corresponds to. in word for windows, it is displayed as
double-underlined text followed by a hidden 9 digit ID
corresponding to the article ID that the word or phrase
is hyperlinked to.
Coded text(e.g. Light green text) followed by no
hidden ARTICLE ID text signifies that the utility could
not find any match, and the text remains unlinked.
Preferably, the document is searched to see if any of the
titles in the database occurs in the document, and if
they do, they are hyperlinked.
L. 902.10 Manual Hyperlink: This utility allows a
user to highlight a phrase in a Word for Windows docu-
ment, press a button and hyperlink the phrase to any
article in the database 903.
M. 902.11 Remove Hyperlink: This utility unlinks a
hyperlink in a document, thereby to remove the special
code signifying a hyperlink, and to remove the article ID
from the phrase.
N. 902.12 Hyperlink Verifier: This utility veri-
fies that all hyperlinks exist in a document.
0. 902.13 Goto Next Hyperlink: Many hyperlinks may
be unresolved in the automatic process. This process
allows the user to move the cursor EASILY and highlight
the next potential or existing hyperlink in a document
without knowing where it is in advance by pressing a
button. This tool is able to bring the cursor to any non
hyperlinked text that is coded and not already hyper-
linked or any linked text which is coded and followed by
an article id so that the user can edit/add/delete a
hyperlink.
Many hyperlinks may be unresolved in the auto-
matic process. This allows the user to find and high-
light the next hyperlink easily and not search the docu-
ment for it manually with an edit find
P. 902.14 Embed GIF: Insert a code in the Master

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192
Document which denotes that a Publisher's Proprietary
graphic is to be embedded in a specific location. The
code refers to a filename (an electronic version of the
graphic). These graphics are not in the media database
because they only apply to a specific book, and are not
shared. The code is {;;!EMBEDDED=<graphic file name>;;~.
The code can occur between characters, at the beginning
or end of a sentence.
Q. 902.15 Auto email/URL Link: Apply a code in the master
document to an email address or URL (World Wide Web
Location), so that it will be hyperlinked to that URL or
email address.
Article Information Database 903: This database
is filled during the "Insert article ID" stage of 902 and
preferably contains the following fields:
a. Level Heading: level i.e. hierarchy of title
b. Parent ID: Heading Level 1. 9 digit ID in which
this article (or sub-article belongs)
c. Article ID: 9 digit ID that belongs to this
article
d. Title: The title of the article
e. Title Length: A number that signifies the
Length of an article, typically defined as the number of
characters in the article.
f. Typable Title: The title in characters that are
typable on a standard English keyboard (non standard
characters are the European character sets @Ahi, etc.)
g. Ignore: Boolean field on whether to ignore this
title in an automatic hyperlink search (the title "A"
would result in a large number of unwanted hyperlinks)
h. First Para: Text that can be found in the First
paragraph of article
One of the outputs of the Master Document
Process 902 is an outline of the book, which the master
document generation process 902 passes to the Article

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193
Information Database 903. The fields in this outline
typically comprise: each article's unique ID number;
Master Title, which is not necessarily unique; the arti-
cle's heading level (H1, H2 etc.); the parent ID number
for the article the section is a part of, and the first
line of the article. The outline is used by the Media
Linking Processor 904 and the Keyword and Subject Linking
Processor 905, for adding the editorial enhancements to
the book.
A typical outline is as follows:

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Headin ~ ParentID Title
>D First Linc
Hl 2700000127000001Preface It is through the naming
of objects, the
telling of stories, and
the singing of songs
that we taow ourselves and
others.
Whether trickster tales
or nursery rhymes
are the first things we
remember hearing,
we have learned how to live
our lives by
means
Hl ~ 2700000227000002Explanatory This book contains entries
for authors,
Notes works, literary landmarks,
literary and
critical teens, mythological
and folkloric
figures, fictional characters,
literary
movements and prizes, and
other
miscellaneous matters. For
the most part
the presentation
X700000227000003Entry names.1. Boldface entry selection.
In general,
biographical entries are
listed under the
family name, when there
is one.
Exceptions to the family-name
rule are
pseudonyms, some non-English-language
names, and subjects lacking
family
names or better known b
H2 2700000227000004AlphabetizationAlphabetization is letter-by-
letter,
not
word-by-word Thus belles
Iemes falls
between Bellerophon and
Bell for Adano.
The order of entries is
determined by
ordinary rules of alphabetization
applied
to the boldface entry names
and by the
following
H2 2700000227000005Titles of For ease of use, titles
works. of works that are ~
given individual treatment
are usually
entered at a conventional
shortened form
of the title, often a character's
name (as
Humphry Clinker), with the
full title
foilowing in parentheses
(in full The
Ex dition
H2 X700000227000006Cross- Cross-references are indicated
( by small
references. ca itals. Because a one-volume
work of

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this type affords the reader
easy access to
any enw, cross-references
have been
used sparingly-except for
Wade-Giles
transliterations of Chinese
names (which
in this book
H2 2700000227000007 Dates in In general, dates following
text. the titles of
works indicate the date
of first
publication. The date following
mention
of a foreign-language title
is the year in
which the book was first
published in the
original language. The dates
following
lay titles
H2 2700000227000008 TranslationsFor non-English-language
in works, the date '
text. of publication is usually
followed by a
translation (if the title
is not an obvious
connate or a proper name)
in roman type.
Translations that appear
within quotation
marks are a proximate renderin
H2 2700000227000009 Etymologies.Etymologies in this book
are meant to
provide historical and philological
background for the terminology
of
literary studies. The book
provides
etymologies for common nouns,
such as
w ames of genres, verse forms,
and
movements, and for some
pro r nouns,
H2 2700000227000010 Pronunciation.This book provides pronunciation
~
respellings for most entry
words. All
personal and geographical
names are
given phonetic transcriptions
when they
constitute an entry or occur
in a title;
respeIlings are given also
for literary
terms that appear in
H1 2700001127000011 Guide to The following paragraphs
set out the
Pronunciationvalue of the pronunciation
symbols in
English and other languages.
Symbols
which are not letters of
the English
alphabet are listed fcrst.
Sounds
discussed in the followin
araQra hs are

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also rendered
in symbols
Hl 27000012X7000012Pronunciation
For more
information
see Guide
to
I
Symbols
Hl 1000001 1000001 Aakjfr ~ Aakjfr \(c)o-*kef~, 3eppe
(b. Sept. 10,
1866, Aakjfr, Den.-d. April
22, 1930,
Jenle) Poet and novelist,
leading
exponent of Danish regional
literature
and of the literature of
social
consciousness.
HI 1000002 1000002 Aaron Aaron 1(c)ar-@n1 (fl. c.
14th century BC)
The traditional founder
and head of the
Jewish priesthood, who,
with his brother
Moses, led the Israelites
out of Egypt.
The figure of Aaron is
built up from
several sources of tradition.
In the
Talmud and Midrash
Hl 1000003 1000003 Aaron's Rod Aaron's Rod Novel by D.H.
LAWRENCE, published in
1922.
Lawrence constructed a
parallel between
the power that was miraculously
manifested in the blossoming
rod wielded
by the biblical figure
Aaron and the effect
of the flute played by
the protagonist of
H1 1000004 1000004 Abaddon Abaddon \@-(c)bad-@n\ The
angel of the
bottomless pit, referred
to in the
Revelation to John. John
Milton extended
the meaning of the term
to include the pit
(i.e., the abyss of hell)
itself in his poem
i Paradise Regained.
H1 1000005 1000005 AbasIyatlnc AbasIyanIl: \*ab-a-(c)s!-yan-!k\,
Sait
Faik (b. Nov. 23, 1906,
Adapazarl,
Ottoman Empire [now in
Turkey). May
11, 1954, Istanbul) Short-story
writer, a
major figure in modern
Turkish literature.
H1 1000006 1000006 Abbaye groupAbbaye group ~a-(c)ba\
A short-lived
cooperative community of
French writers
and artists who promoted
new works and
who lived together in a
house called

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L'Abbaye, in a Pans suburb,
from 1906 to
1907. The group included
the writers
Charles Vildrac and
H1 1000007 ~ 1000007Abbey Abbey 1(clab-a\, Edward
I (b. Jan. 29,
1927, Home, Pa., U.S.-d.
March 14,
1989, Oracle, Ariz.) American
writer
whose works, set primarily
in the
southwestern United States,
reflect an
uncompromising environmentalist
hiloso hv.
Hl 1000008 ~ 1000008~ Abbey Abbey Theatre \(c)ab-e1
Theatre Dublin theater
that was established in
1904. It grew out
of the Irish Literary Theatre,
founded in
1899 by William Butler YEATS
and
Isabella Augussta, Lady
GREGORY, and
was devoted to fostering
Irish poetic
drama. In 1902 the Irish
H1 1000009 1000009 ~ Abbott Abbott \(c)ab-@t\, Jacob
(b. Nov. 14,
1803, HaIlowell, Maine,
U.S.-d. Oct. 31,
1879, Farmington, Maine)
American
clergyman, teacher, and
writer, best
!mown as a writer of children's
books.
H 1 1000010 1000010 Abdulhak Abduthak Hamid Tarhan see
~ TARHAN.
Hamid Tarhan
H1 1000011 1000011 Abdulla Abdulla dab-lc)d@.I-@1,
' Mohammed Said
(b. April 2~, 1918, Zanzibar,
Tanz.)
Tanzanian novelist generally
regarded as
the father of Swahili popular
literature.
Hl 1000012 1000012 Abdullah Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir
~ bin \ab-(c)d@1-@-
Abdul Kadirbin-(c)ab-d@I-{c)ka-dir\
(b. 1796,
Malacca, Malaya-d. 1854,
Jiddah,
Turkish Arabia [now in Saudi
ArabiaJ)
Malayan writer who transformed
Malay
literature by the introduction
of realism.
He is considered to be the
' father
H1 1000013 1000013 abecedariusabecedarius \*a-be-se-(c)dar-e-~a
~ s\ [Late
Latin, alphabetical, from
the names of the
' , letters a, b, c. d] A type
of ACROSTIC in

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which the first letter
of each line of a
poem or the first letter
of the first word of
each stanza taken in order
forms the
HI 1000014 1000014 Abe I Abe \(c)ab-a1 Kobo, byname
of Abe
Kimifiua (b. March 7, 1924,
Tokyo,
Japan-d. Jan. 22, 1993,
Tokyo) Japanese
novelist and playwright
noted for his
avant-garde techniques
and his use of
bizarre and allegorical
situations to
examine the isolation of
the
H1 ~ 10000151000015 Abel ~ Abel 1(c)a-b@1\ In the
Old Testament,
second son of Adam and
Eve, who was
slain by his older brother,
CAIN (Genesis
4:1-16). According to Genesis,
Abel, a
shepherd, offered the Lord
the firstborn
of his flock The Lord respected
Abel's
sacrifice but did
Hl 1000016 1000016 Abelard Abelard \a-ba-{c)lar, Angl
(c)ab-@-
*lardl, Peter, also callcd
Pierre Abelard
or Pierre Abailard, Latin
Perms
Abaelardus or Petrus Abeilardus
(b.
1079, Le Pallet, near Nantes,
Brittany
[now in France]-d. April
21, 1142, Priory
of Saint-Marcel, near
Hl 1000017 1000017 Abe Lincoln Abe Lincoln in Illinois
in \(c)ab-
nlinois (c)li{nhookl}-k@n . . .
*il-@-{c)noi, -
(c)noiz\ Drama in 12 scenes
by Robert E.
SHERWOOD, produced in 1938
and
ublished in 1939.
H1 1000018 1000018 Abell i Abell \(c)ab-~@l, (c)ab-\,
Kjeld (b. Aug.
25, 1901, Ribe, Den.-d.
March 5, 1961,
Copenhagen) Danish dramatist
and social
critic, best known outside
Denmark for
two plays, Melodien der
bleu vfl; (1935;
English adaptation, The
Melody That Got
Lost) and Anna
H1 1000019 1000019 AbenteuerromaAbenteuerroman \(c)a-ben-*toi-@r-ro-
~ ~
n *man\ German, literally,
adventure

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novel] German form of the
PICARESQUE NOVEL. The
Abenteuerroman is an entertaining
story
of the adventures of the
hero, but there is
also often a serious aspect
to the story.
An
Hl 1000020 1000020 Abercrombie Abercrombie 1(c)ab-@r-*kr@m-be,
in
U.S. commonly -*kram-1,
Lascelles
1(c)las-@lz\ (b. Jan. 9,
1881, Ashton upon
Mersey, Cheshire, Eng.-d.
Oct. 27, 1938,
London) Poet and critic
associated with
GEORGIA~~t POETRY.
H1 1000021 1000021 AbhijnanasakunAbhijnanasakuntala \@-*bi-(c)gya-n@-
tala (c)sha-kun-*t@l-@1 ("The
Recognition
of Sakuntala") Drama by
KALIDASA
composed about the 5th century
AD that
is generally considered
to be the greatest
Indian literary work of
an period
Hl 1000022 1000022 Abish Abish \(c)ab-ishl, Walter
(b. Dec. 24,
1931, Vienna, Austria) American
writer
of experimental novels and
short stories
whose fiction took as its
subject language
itself.
H1 1000023 1000023 ab ovo ab ovo lab-(c)o-vo\ A Latin
phrase
meaning literally "from
the egg" that
alludes to the practice
of beginning a
poetic narrative at the
earliest possible
chronological point. The
Latin poet and
critic Horace notes approvingly
(in Ars
etica) that Homer
H1 ~ 1000024 1000024 abozzo abozzo 1@-(c)bot-so\ [Italian)
~ ~ A rough
sketch or drafr fns of a
em).
H1 1000025 1000025 Abraham Abraham \(c)a-br@-*ham\
or Avraham
\ (c)av-r@.-*ham\, also called
Abram
1 (c)a-br@m\ or Avram \(clav-*raml
(fl. ~
early 2nd millennium BC)
First of the
Hebrew patriarchs and a
figure revered
b y Judaism, Christianitv,
and Islam.

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t I ~ According to the biblical
book of
Hl 1000026 ~ 1000026 Abraham Abraham ben Meir ibn Ezra
see Abraham
ben Meir IBN
EZRA.
H1 1000027 1000027 Abraham Abraham Lincoln: The War
Years \(c)a-
Lincoln: The br@-*ham-(c)li{nhookl}-k@n\
Four-
War Years volume biogaphy by Carl SANDBURG,
published in 1939. It was
awarded the
1940 Pulitzer Prize for history.
HI 1000028 1000028 Abrahams Abrahams 1(c)a-br@-*hamz~5
Peter
(Henry) (b. March 19, 1919,
Vrededorp,
near Johannesburg, S.Af.)
Expatriate
South African writer noted
for his
eloquence in charting the
complex issues
of the nonwhites' struggle
in his native
land for a voice and for
H1 1000029 1000029 Abramov Abramov 1*@-(c)bra-m@f~ Fyodor
(Aleksandrovich) (b. Feb.
29, 1920,
Verkola, Russian S.F.S.R.,
U.S.S.R-d.
May 14, 1983, Leningrad [St.
Petersburg]) Russian writer,
academic,
and literary critic whose
work focused on
the difficulties and discrimination
H1 1000030 1000030 Abrams Abrams 1(c)a-br@mzl, M.H.,
in full
Meyer Howard (b. July 23,
1912, Long
Branch, N.J., U.S.) American
literary
critic known for his analysis
of the
Romantic period in En fish
literature.
H1 1000031 ~ 100003 i Abrantes
Abrantes see JUNOT.
Hl 1000032 1000032 abridged abridged edition A version
edition of a work that
has been shortened or condensed
by the
omission of words, presumably
without
sacrifice of the principal
meaning. When
it is done for purposes of
censorship,
abridgment is known as bowdlerization
(see BOWDLERIZEI.
H1 1000033 1000033 Absalom Absalom \(c)ab-s@-1@m1 (fI.
c. 1020
BC, Palestine) Third and
favorite son of
David, kin$ of Israel and
Judah. The

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picture of Absalom presented
in II
Samuel 13-19 suggests that
he was the
Alcibiades of the Old Testament,
alike in
his personal
H1 1000034 1000034 Absalom, ~ Absalom, Absalom! Novel
by William
Absalom! , FAULKNER, ublished in
1936.
H1 1000035 1000035 Absalom and Absalom and Achitophel
\(c)ab-s@-I@m
Achitophel . . . @-(c)kit-@-*fel\
Verse satire by John
DRYDEN published in 1681.
The poem,
which is written in heroic
couplets, is
about a contemporary episode
in which
anti-Catholics, notably
the Earl of
Shaftesbury, sought to
bar
H1 1000036 1000036 Abse Abse \(c)ab-ze\, Dannie
(b. Sept. 22,
1923, Cardiff, Wales) British
poet,
playwright, essayist, and
novelist, known
for the characteristically
Welsh voice and
sensibili of his
Hl 1000037 1000037 absolute absolute \(c)ab-s@-*lut,
*ab-s@-(c)lut\
Being self sufficient and
free of external
references or relationships.
In criticism,
an absolutist believes
that there are
inviolable standards by
which a work of
art should be judged and
that there are
certain basic
HI 1000038 1000038 Absolute, Absolute, Sir Anthony and
Sir Captain Jack
Anthony and 1s@r-(c)anth-@-ne-*ab-s@-(c)lut
Captain Jack(c)kap-t@n-(c)jak\ Fictional
characters,
father and son protagonists
of Richard
Brinsley Sheridan's comic
plav THE
RIVALS. Sir Anthony is
a wealthy
aristocrat whose son, Ca
rain Jack,
H1 1000039 1000039 abstract abstract \(c)ab-*strakt\
A summary of j
points (as of a written
work) usually
presented in skeletal form;
also,
something that summarizes
or
concentrates the essentials
of a larger
thing or several things.

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HI 1000040 1000040 abstract ~ abstract poem Term coined
poem by the
f
English poet Edith Sitwell
to describe a
poem in which the words are
chosen for
their aural quality rather
than specifically
for their sense or meaning.
An example
from "Popular Sony" in Sitwell's
Facade
H1 1000041 1000041 absurdism absurdism \@b-(c)s@r-*diz-@m,
-
(c)z@r-\ A philosophy based
on the
belief that humans exist
in an irrational
and meaningless universe
and that the
search for order brings one
into conflict
with that universe. See also
THEATER
I OF THE ABSURD.
H1 ~ 1000042~ 1000042Abu al- Abu al-(Atahivah \a-(c)bul-a-(c)ta-he-
(Atahiyah y@, Arabic )a-(c)ta-1, original
name Abu
Ishaq Isma(il ibn aI-Qasim
ibn Suwayd
ibn Kaysan {b. 748, al-Kufah
or (Ayn at-
Tamr, Iraq-d 825/826, Baghdad)
Firsi
Arab poet of note to break
with the
conventions established by
HI 1000043 1000043 Abu al-FarajAbu aI-Faraj aI-Isbahani
al- \a-(c)bul-fa-
Isbahani (c)razh-aI-*is-ba-(c)ha-*nel,
in full Abu
~ al-Faraj (Ali ibn al-Husavn
al-Qurashi al-
Isbahani, also called al-Isfahani
1al-*is-
fa-(c)ha-*ne\ (b. 897, Isfahan
[Iran]-d.
Nov. 20, 967, Baghdad, Iraq)
Literary
scholar who
H1 1000044 1000044 Abu al-Fida)Abu al-Fida) \a-(c)bul-{c}fe-*da\,
in fitll
Abu al-Fida) Isma(ii ibn
(Ali al-Malik al-
Mu)avyad (Imad ad-Din, also
called
Abulfeda 1a-(c)bul-{c)fe-da\
(b. Nov.
1273, Damascus [now in SyriaJ-d.
Oct.
27, 1331, Hamah) Historian,
geographer,
and man of letters who
H1 1000046 1000045 Abu )1-FadlAbu )1-Fadl {Allami 1a-(c)bul-(c)fad-
@1-
'
(Allami a-(c)la-*me, Arabic )a-(c)la-'~,,
Abu )1-
Fadl also spelled Abu-!-Fazl
\a-(c)bul-
(c)fa .1\ (b. Jan. 14, 1661,
Agra, India-

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d. Aug. 22, 1602) Historian,
military
commander, secretary, and
theologian to
the Mu hal emperor Akbar.
H1 1000046 1000046 Abu Mali Abu Madi \a-bu-(c)ma-de\,
Iliya (b. c.
1889, al-Muhaydithah, Lebanon-d.
Nov.
23, 1957, New York, N.Y.,
U.S.) Arab
poet and journalist noted
as one of the
chief poets of the mahQar
(Arab
emieration to America).
Hl 1000047 1000047 Abu Nuwas Abu Nuwas \a-*bu-nu-(c)was\,
also
spelled Abu Nu)as \nu-(c)asl,
in full Abu
Nuwas aI-Hasan ibn Hani)
al-Hakami (b.
c. 747-762, Ahvaz [Iran]-d.
c. 813-815,
Baghdad [now in Iraq)) Important
poet of
the early (Abbasid period
(750-835).
Hl ~ 1000048 1000048 Abu Rishah ~ Abu Rishah \a-*bu-(c)re-sha\,
(Umar (b.
April 10, 1910, (Aklco,
Palestine [now in
Israel)-d. July 15, 1990,
Riyadh, Saudi
Arabia) Syrian poet and
diplomat who is
noted for his early poetry,
which broke
with the traditions of Arab
classicism.
Hl 1000049 1000049 Abu Tammam Abu Tammam 1a-*bu-tam-(c)mam\,
in
fiill Abu Tammam Habib ibn
Aws (b.
804, near Damascus [now
in Syria)-d. c.
845, Mosul, Iraq) Poet and
editor of an
anthology of early Arabic
poems known
as the HAMASAH.
H1 1000050 1000050 abyss abyss \@-(c)bis, a-; (c)ab-is\
[Greck
abyssos, from abyssos (adjective)
bottomless) The bottomless
gulf, pit, or
chaos of the old cosmogonies.
The term
can also have any of three
specific
meaninss: 1. A confined
subterranean
body of water that accordin
to
H1 1000051 1000051 academese academese 1@-*kad-@-(c)mez,
-(c)mes;
*ak-@d-@-\ A style of writing
held to be
characteristic of those
in academic life.
i
~ The term is eenerally pejorative,

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implyine jar~on-filled writing.
HI 1000052 1000052 academic academic 1*ak-@-(c)dem-ik1
or
academical \-mi-k@l1 Conforming
to the
traditions or rules of a
school, as of
literature or art. or an
offcial academy.
Conventional or formalistic.
Hl 1000053 1000053 academic academic drama Any play
drama written and
performed at schools and
colleges in
England in the early 16th
cennuy. See
also SCHOOL DRAMA.
Hl 1000054 1000054 Academie Academie Francaise 1a-ka-da-*me-fran-
Francaise (c)sezl French literary
academy,
established by the French
first minister
Cardinal de Richelieu in
1634 and
incorporated in 1635, and
existing, except
for an interruption during
the era of the
French Revolution, to the
HI 1000055 1000055 academy academy \@-(c)kad-@-me\
(Greek
Akad(emacracute}meia, Akademia
a
public grove and gymnasium
near Athens
where Plato taught, a derivative
of
Akademos, a legendary Attic
hero after
whom the grove and gymnasium
were
named) A society of learned
individuals
H1 1000056 1000056 acatalectic acatalectic \*a-*kat-@-{c)lek-tik\
[Greek
akatalektos, literally,
not stopping] In
prosody, metrically complete
(i.e., not
falling short of the expected
number of
syllables in the last foot).
It is the
opposite of catalexis, the
suppression or ~
absence of
H1 1000057 1000057 Accademia Accademia dells Crusca see
I CRUSCA
dells CrusesACADEMY.
Hl 1000058 1000058!Accademia Accademia dell'Arcadia see
J Academy of
delfArcadia ARCADIA.
H1 1000059 1000059 accent accent \{clak-*sent, -s@nt\
[Latin
accentus variation in pitch,
intonation,
from ad to, toward + cantos
sons; a

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calque
of Greek
prosoidia)
In prosody,
rhythmically
significant
stress
on the
syllables
of a
verse,
usually
at regular
intervals.
The
word
H1 1000060 1000060
Accent
Accent
(in
full
Accent:
A Quarterly
of
New Literature)
Literary
magazine
published
from
1940
to 1960
at the
University
of Illinois.
Founded
by Kerker
Quinn
and
Charles
Shattuck,
the
journal
evolved
from
an earlier
version
called
Direction
that
Quinn
ut
HI 1000061 1000061
accentual-
accentual-syllabic
verse
In prosody,
the
syllabic
verse
metrical
system
that
is most
commonly
used
in English
poetry.
It is
based
on both
the number
of stresses,
or accents,
and
the number
of syllables
in each
line
of
verse.
A line
of iambic
pentameter
verse,
for
Hl 1000062 1000062 accentual accentual verse 1ak-(c)sen-chu-w@1\
verse In
prosody, a metrical system
based only on
the number of stresses or
accented
syllables in a line of verse.
In accentual
verse the total number of
syllables in a
line can vary as long as there
are the
rescribed number
,
HI 1000063 I 000063accismus accismus 1ak-(c)siz-m(a~,
s\ [Greek
akkismos prudery, a derivative
of
akkizesthai to feign ignorance)
A form of
irony in which a person feigns
indifference to, or pretends
to refuse,
something he or she desires.
The fox's
I ~ dismissal of the crapes in
the Aesop
H1 1000064 1000064 Accius Accius l(e)ak-she-@s\ or Attics
\(c)at-e-
@s1, Lucius (b. 170 BC, Pisaurum,
Umbria [Italy)-d. c. 86 BC)
One of the
greatest of the Roman tragic
poets, in the
view of his contemporaries.
His plays
i (more than 40 titles are known,
and about

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700 lines survive)
H1 1000065 1000065 Account of Account of My Hut, An Poetic
My diary by
Hut, An KAMO Chomei, written in
Japanese in
1212 as Hojoki. It is admired
as a classic
lire and philosophical work.
H1 1000066 1000066 acephalous acephalous \*a-(c)sef @-1@s,
@-\ [Greek
akephalos headless, from
a- not +
kephal {emacracute} head]
see
HEADLESS.
H1 1000067 1000067 Acestes Acestes \@-(c)ses-tez\ In
Greek
mythology, legendary king
of Segesta
(Greek: Egesta) in Sicily.
His mother,
Egesta, had been sent from
Troy by her
parents to save her from
being devoured
by a sea serpent. Going
to Sicily she met
the river od Crimisus, b
H1 1000068 1000068 Acevedo DiazAcevedo Diaz \*as-a-(c)ba-po-(c)pe-
as\,
Eduardo (b. April 20, 1851,
Villa de la
Union, Uruguay-d. 3une 18,
1924,
Buenos Aires, Arg.) Writer
and politician
who is considered to be
Uruguay's first
novelist.
Hl 1000069 1000069 Acharnians Acharnians \@-(c)kar-ne-@nz\
(Greek
Acharneis) Earliest of the
extant
comedies of ARISTOPHANES,
produced in 425 BC. It is
a forthright
attack on the folly of war.
Its farmer-
hero, Dicaeopolis, is tired
of the
Peloponnesian War and therefore
secures
a
Hl 1000070 1000070 Achebe Achebe \a-{c)cha-bal, Chinua,
~ in full
Albert Chinualumogu Achebe
(b. Nov.
16, 1930, Ogidi, Nigeria)
Prominent Igbo
(Ibo) novelist acclaimed
for his
unsentimental depictions
of the social and
psychological disorientation
j accompanying the im sition
of
Hl 1000071 Acheron Acheron \(c)ak- -rant River
~ 1000071 in
~

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Thesprotia in Epirus, Greece,
that was
thought in ancient times
to go to Hades
because it flowed through
dark gorges
and went underground in several
places;
an oracle of the dead was
located on its
bank. In Greek mythology
Hl 1000072 1000072 Achilles Achilles \@-(c)kil-ez1 In
Greek
- mythology, son of the mortal
Peleus, king
of the Myrmidons, and the
Nereid Thetis.
He was the bravest, handsomest,
and
greatest warrior of the army
of
Agamemnon in the Trojan War.
One of
the non-Homeric tales of
his
HI 1000073 1000073 Achilles Achilles Tatius \@-(c)ld1-ez-(c)ta-she-
Tatius
@s1 (fl. 2nd century AD,
Alexandria,
Egypt) Teacher of rhetoric
and author of
Leucippe and Cleitophon,
one of the
Greek prose romances that
influenced the
develo went of the novel
centuries later.
Hl 1000074 1000074 Achitophel Achitophel see ABSALOM AND
ACHITOPHEL.
Hl 1000075 1000075 Achterberg Achterberg \(c)a{kinfmacr}-t@r-
*ber{kinfrnacr;\, Gerrit
(b. May 20,
1905, Langbroek, Neth.d.
Jan. I7, 1962,
Oud-Leusden) Dutch poet whose
use of
surreal language and imagery
influenced
a generation of poets known
as the
Experimentalists.
Hl 1000076 10000?6 _ Acis 1(c)a-sisl In the Greek
Acis mythology of
Ovid, the son of Faunus (Pan)
and the
nymph Symaethis. Acis was
a handsome
shepherd of Sicily and the
lover of the
Nereid Galatea. His rival,
Polyphemus
the Cyclops, surprised them
together and
crushed Acis with a
HI 1000077 1000077 Acker Acker \(c)ak-@r1, Kathy (b.
~ 1948)
American novelist whose writing
style
and sub'ect matter reflect
the so-called

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punk sensibility that emerged
in youth
culture in the 1970s.
H1 1000078 1000078 Ackeriey Ackerley \(c)ak-@r-le\,
J.R., in full Joe
Randolph (b. Nov. 4, 1896,
Herne Hill,
Kent, Eng.-d. June 4, 1967,
Putney, near
London) British novelist,
dramatist, poet,
and magazine editor known
for his
eccentrici
H1 1000079 1000079 Ackerman Ackerman \(c)ak-@r-m@n~
Diane,
original surname Fink \(c)fi{nhookl}k\
(b. Oct. 7, 1948, V~% aukegan,
Ill., U. S. )
American writer whose works
often
reflected her interest
in natural science.
H1 1000080 1000080 Ackermann Ackermann 1(c)ak-@r-*manl,
Louise-
Viciorine, original surname
Choquet
\sho-(c)ka1 (b. Nov. 30,
1813, Paris, Fr.-
d. Aug. 2, 1890, Nice)
French poet who
is best-known for her works
of deep
pessimism. Educated by
her father in the
hiloso h of the
Hl 1000081 1000081 Ackroyd Ackroyd \(c)ak-*roid\,
Peter (b. Oc~t. 5,
1949, London, Eng.) British
novelist,
critic, biographer, and
scholar whose
technically innovative
novels presented
an unconventional view
of history.
H1 1000082 1000082 Acmeist Acmeist \(c)ak-me-ist~
Russian Akmeisi
1*@k-me-{c)est\, plural
Akmeisry 1-(c)es-
te\ [Russian akmeist, from
Greek
alan { emacracute } highest
point, acme]
Member of a small group
of early 20th-
century Russian poets reacting
against
i what they considered to
be the
Hl 1000083 1000083 Acontius Acontius \@-{c)kan-she-@s,
-sh@s\ In
Greek legend, a beautiful
youth of the
island of Chios. During
the festival of
Artemis at Delos, Acontius
saw and fell
in love with Cydippe, a
girl of a rich and
noble famii . He wrote
on an a le the

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words "I swear to
H1 1000084 1000084 Acquainted Acquainted with the Night
Novel by
with the Heinrich BOLL, published
Night in German in
1953 as Und sagte kein einziges
Wort
("And Said Not a SinsIe Word").
Hl 1000085 1000085 acronym acronym 1(c)ak-r@-*niml [Greek
akros
outermost, at the tip + onyma
name) A
word formed from the initial
letter or
letters of each of the successive
parts or
major parts of a compound
term, such as
RADAR from radio detecting
and
ran ~ or SONAR from sound
H1 1000086 1000086 acrostic acrostic 1(a~-(c)kros-tikl
[Greek
akrostichis, from alQOS outermost
+
stichos line, verse] 1. Short
verse
composition, so cons~ucted
that one or
more sets of letters (such
as the initial,
middle, or final letters
of the lines), taken
consecutivel , form
Hl 1000087 1000087 act act 1(c)aktl [Latin actus,
literally, action,
activity] One of the principal
divisions of
a theatrical work
Hl 1000088 1000088 Actaeon Actaeon \ak-(cue-@n1 In Greek
mythology, son of the god
Aristaeus and
Autonoe (daughter of Cadmus,
the
founder of Thebes in Boeotia);
he was a
Boeotian hero and hunter.
According to
Ovid's Metamorphoses, Actaeon
accidentally saw the goddess
Artemis
while
Hl 1000089 1000089 action action \(c)ak-sh@n\ [translation
~ of Greek
praxis (in Aristotle's Poetics))
I. A real or
imaginary event or series
of events
forming the subject of a
play, poem, or
other composition. ?. The
unfolding of
t he events of a drama or work
of fiction,
also
H1 1000090 000090 Acuna \a-(c)kun-va~_ Rosario
1 ~ Acuna de, surname
i

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in full Acuna y Villanueva
de la IgIesia
\e-*vel-ya-(c)nwa-va-pa-la-e-(c)glas-yal,
pseudonym Remigio Andres
Delafon
1*pa-la-(c)fon\ (b. 1851,
Madrid, Spain-d.
1923, Gijon) Spanish playwright,
essayist, and short-story
H1 1000091 1000091 Ada Ada (in full Ada; or, Ardor:
A Family
Chronicle) \(c~-d@\ Novel
by Vladimir
NABOKOV, written in English
and
published in 1969. In its
prodigious
length and with the family
tree on its
frontispiece the book recalls
the great
19th-century novels of the
Hl 1000092 1000092 adab adab 1(c)a-dabl [Arabic]
Islamic concept
that became a literary genre
distinguished
by its broad humanitarian
concerns; it
developed during the height
of (Abbasid
culture in the 9th century
and continued
to be of importance through
the Muslim
Middle A s.
Hl 1000093 1000093 adage adage \(c)ad-ij\ [Latin
adagium proverb]
A saying, often in metaphorical
form,
that embodies a common observation,
such as "If the shoe fits,
wear it," "Out of
the frying pan, into the
fire," or "Early to
bed, early to rise, makes
a man healthy,
wealth ,

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The Keyword/Subject Linking Processor 905:
Assigns keywords and subject categorization to each
article. These keywords and subjects are used by the
system of the present invention as search options. The
processor typically comprises two utilities or tools: a
keyword linking utility and a subject linking utility.
Both of these tools are typically operative to:
a. Compare master titles of the book being proc-
essed to master titles from some or all of the other
previously processed books and
b. Assign the same keywords and subjects to match-
ing articles in the book currently being processed.
Any article that does not have a match in a
previous book is assigned keywords and subjects as
follows:
The Keyword/Subject linking processor 905
typically comprises a list of Master Keywords grouped by
subject, e.g. literature keywords, science keywords,
history keywords, general keywords. The first-line field
of the outline is compared against the appropriate
lists) of keywords for that book. Every keyword, or
alias for that keyword, that appears as part of the text
in that first line becomes a keyword for that article.
When the process is finished, a user is able to examine
and refine the keyword assignments manually. The output
of this process is a table created in article information
database 903 with one record for every keyword assigned
to every article. The fields in this table are Master
Title ID; Title: and Keyword.
An example of such a table is as follows:

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MT>D Titie Keyword
1000001 Aakjfr oet
1000001 Aakjfr novelist
1000001 Aakjfr danish
1004002 Aaron Jewish
1000002 Aaron moses
1000002 ~ Aaron Israelite
1000002 Aaron talmud
1000004 Abaddon angel
1000004 Abaddon poem
1000005 AbasIyanIk writer
1000006 Abbaye group french
1000006 Abbaye group writer
1000006 Abbaye group artist
1000007 Abbey american
1000007 Abbey writer
1000008 Abbey Theatre dublin
1000008 Abbey Theatre theater
1000008 Abbey Theatre Irish
1000008 Abbe Theatre poet
1000008 Abbey Theatre ~ drama
~
1000009 Abbott american
1000009 Abbott clergyman
1000009 Abbott writer
1000011 Abdulla novelist
1000012 Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir writer
1000012 Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir ~ realism
1000013 abecedarius ~ Latin
~
1000013 abecedarius I poem
1000014 Abe Japanese
1000014 Abe novelist
~
1000014 Abe playwright
1000014 Abe avant- arde
~
1000015 Abel testament

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1000016 Abelard Latin
1000017 Abe Lincoln in Illinois drama
1000018 AbelI danish
1000018 Abell dramatist
1000018 Abell critic
1000018 AbeIl english
1000019 Abenteuerroman german
1000019 Abenteuerroman hero
1000020 Abercrombie poet
1000020 Abercrombie critic
1000020 Abercrombie poetry
1000021 Abhijnanasalcuntala drama
1000021 Abhijnanasakuntala Indian
1000022 Abish ~ american
1000022 Abish writer
1000022 Abish fiction
1000023 ab ovo ~ Latin
1000023 ab ovo poet
1000023 ab ovo narrative
1000023 ab ovo critic
1000024 abozzo Italian
1000024 abozzo poem
1000025 Abraham earl
1000025 Abraham hebrew
1000025 Abraham Judaism
1000025 Abraham Christianity
1000027 Abraham Lincoln: The War Yearsbiogra by
1000027 Abraham Lincoln: The War Yearspulitzer
prize
1000027 Abraham Lincoln: The War Yearshistory
~
1000028 Abrahams african
1000028 Abrahams writer
1000029 Abramov russian
1000029 Abramov ~ writer
1000029 Abramov critic
1000030 Abrams ~ american
~

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1000030 Abrams critic
1000030 Abrams english
1000033 Absalom king
1000033 Absalom testament
1000035 Absalom and Achito hel verse
1000035 Absalom and Achitophel satire
1000035 Absalom and Achitophel poem
1000035 Absalom and Achito hel hero
1000035 Absalom and Achito hel earl
1000036 Abse british
1000036 Abse poet
1000036 Abse playwright
1000036 Abse essay
1000036 Abse ~ novelist
1000036 Abse Welsh
1000036 Abse oetry
1000037 absolute criticism
1000037 absolute ~ art
1000038 Absolute, Sir Anthony and Captainfiction
Sack
1000038 Absolute, Sir Anthony and Captaincharacter
~ Jack ~

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The Keyword/Subject linking processor 905 also
contains a subject categorization structure. Each subject
has a permanent subject ID that is used across books. The
processor allows a user to assign groups of articles to a
particular subject based on keywords the user tells the
processor to look for in the articles. The user may also
assign individual articles to a specific subject. The
output of this process is a table in database 903 with
one record for each article assigned to a subject. The
fields in this table are Master Title ID; and subject ID.
An example of such a table is as follows:

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MasterTitle>DTo ic>D
1000001 999013001
1000001 999013001
1000003 999013003
1000003 X999013003
1000004 999013001
1000008 ~99901300i
1000008 999015003
1000011 999013001
1000013 999013001
1000014 999013001
1000015 999019002
1000017 999013003
1000018 999015003
1000020 999013001
1000023 999013001
1000024 999013001
1000033 999019002
1000033 999019002
1000034 999013003
1000034 999013003
1000035 999013001
1000035 999013003
1000036 999013001
1000036 999013001
1000036 999013001
1000036 999013001
1000040 999013001
1000040 999013002
1000041 999015003
1000042 999013001
1000046 999013001
1000046 X 999008003
1000047 X 999013001

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1000048 999013001
1000049 999013001
1000060 999008003
1000061 999013001
1000064 999013001
1000065 999013001
1000067 999013004
1000068 999013001
1000070 999013001
1000071 999013004
1000072 999013004

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The Media Linking Processor 904: The Media
Linking Processor 904 is used to create the correlation
between specific articles or paragraphs of text and
specific pieces of media. The media itself is stored in
the Media Database 170. The Media Database 170 contains
a table with information about each of the pieces of
media available for connecting to a digital book. The
fields in this table typically comprise the following:
a. VBID, a unique ID number for every piece of
media in media database 170;
b. mediald, which links the media back to a master
media database which may, for example, include all media
in media database 170 and more;
c. default caption;
d. default title;
c. category; and
f. media type, which identifies a multimedia item
as a photo, sound element, animation, map, or video.
Similar to the Keyword/Subject Linking Proces-
sor 905, the Media Linking Processor 904 uses the outline
in the Article Information Database 903 to compare master
titles of the book being processed to master titles from
some or all of the other previously processed books, and
assign the same media from the Media Database 170 to
matching articles in the new book. A user can also
search media database 170 by keywords, captions, or
individual master titles to find appropriate media items
and link them to specific articles.
The output of media linking processor 904 is a
table in article information database 903 with one record
for every piece of media to be included in that book. The
fields in this table typically comprise the following:
a. BookId, which identifies the current book;
b. M2Mid, which is a unique number assigned to the
link between the specific media item and the specific

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paragraph or article;
c. MasterTitleId, which is the same idnumber from
the outline in database 903;
d. VBID, which is the ID that identifies that
piece of media in Lib.txt 916;
e, Caption, which is the caption which will appear
in the digital book as the caption for that piece of
media in this book;
f. Title, which is to appear with the media item
in the user's browser (not shown).
g, Paragraph, which indicates which paragraph of
the article the media item should be embedded in;
h. Mediatype; which indicates if the media item is
a photo, sound element, video, animation, map or other
media item;
i. Soundphoto: for those media types which are
sounds, the ID from lib.txt 916 of the photo that will
appear in the digital book with that sound.
An Example of the above type of Media table is
as follows:

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bookverm2mid mastertitlvbid caption title paragmediatsound
sionid eid raph ype hoto
29 51969 2300003122912 Mika WaltariWaltari1 Photo
(1908-1979),, Mika
author of
<I>The
Wanderer</I>
29 51970 2200007322928 Paul VerlaineVerlain1 Photo
(1844-1896),e,
Paul
French poet
29 51971 1900036122938 Mikhail Sholok1 Photo
Sholokhov hov,
(1905-1984),Mikhail
Russian writer
who won the
Nobel Prize
for
literature
29 51972 200045323865 Robert Bly Bly, 1 Photo
(1926- ), Robert
American
oet
29 51973 200051723927 Jorge Luis Borges,1 Photo
Borges ( Jorge
1899-
1986), Luis
Argentinian
writer
29 51974 100034724687 Israeli poetAmicha1 Photo
Yehuda i,
Amichai (1924-Yehuda
29 51975 100035424689 Martin Amis I Amis,1 Photo
( 1949- ), Martin
British comic
novelist

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29 51976 2000249 24753 Saul BellowBellow,1 Photo
(1915- ), Saul
American
novelist
29 51977 1000324 47261 Writer JorgeAmado,1 Photo
Amado (1912-Jorge
at home
in
Bahia, Brazil
29 51980 1300026671617 American Matthie1 Photo
novelist ssen,
Peter
MatthiessenPeter
(1927- )
photographed
on San Pedro
Martir Island
29 51981 1300027571620 Armistead Maupin1 Photo
Maupin (1944-,
), AmericanArmiste
novelist ad
29 51982 1000002971871 Tove JansonJansson1 Photo
( 1914- , Tove
),
Finnish
writer-
illustrator
of
children's
books
29 51983 1100000271936 Ismail KadareKadare,1 Photo
~
(1936- ), Ismail
Albanian
writer
29 51984 1600014172055 Octavio Paz, 1 Photo
Paz
( 1914- Octavio
),
Mexican
poet,
essayist,
and
Nobel laureate
29 51985 6000351 72096 Carlos FuentesFuentes1 Photo
(1928- ), , Carlos
Mexican

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novelist,
short-
story writer,
playwright,
critic, and
_ diplomat
29 51986 7000293 72102 Edward GoreyGorey,1 Photo
( I 925- Edward
),
American
author and
artist
29 51987 1500000272162 Joyce Carol Oates,1 Photo
Oates ( 193 Joyce
8- ),
American Carol
novelist
29 51988 1600046373419 Anthony PowellPowell,1 Photo
( 1905- ), Anthon
English y
novelist,
biographer
and
literary
critic
29 51989 3000467 76968 James ClavellClavell,1 Photo
(1924-1994),James
author of
action
novels
29 51991 6000041 77302 Nuruddin Farah,1 Photo
Farah
( 1945- ), Nurudd
refugee novelistin
from Somalia
29 51992 6000293 77370 Dick FrancisFrancis,I Photo
( 1920- ), Dick
English mystery
author
29 S 19938000223 77491 Joseph HellerHeller,1 Photo
(1923- ), Joseph
American
writer
29 51739 23000276148 Richard WrightWright,1 Photo

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(1908-1960),Richard
African-
American
author of
<I>Native
Son</I>
29 51995 1100021279414 Jerzy KosinskiKosins 1 Photo
(1933-1991),ki,
author withlerzy
Arthur Miller
29 51740 5000094177 Ralph EliisonEllison,1 Photo
(1914-1994),Ralph
African-
American
writer
and educator,
famous for
his
novel,
<I>Invisible
Man</I>
29 51742 2000683187 British Browne 1 Photo
poet
William ,
Browne (1591?-Willie
1645?) m
29 51743 2000158201 Katherine Bates, 1 Photo
Lee
Bates (1859-Kathari
1929), authorne Lee
of
the patriotic
poem "America
the Beautiful"
29 51999 2000046127660 Russell Russell1 Photo
~ Baker
( 1925- Baker
),
American
newspaper
columnist
29 51744 1000230312 Edward AlbeeAlbee, 1 Photo
~

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( 1928- Edward
),
American
playwright
and
recipient
of the
Pulitzer
Prize
29 52000 7000254127821 Irish dramatistGoldsm 1 Photo
and poet ith,
Oliver
Goldsmith Oliver
(1730-1774)
29 51745 3000322315 John CheeverCheeve 1 Photo
(1912-1982),r, John
Pulitzer
Prize-
winning
American
short-
story writer
and
novelist
29 51746 2000570316 Ray BradburyBradbu 1 Photo
( 1920- ry,
), Ray
American
writer
of classic
science-fiction
and fantasy
29 51747 1000662317 Isaac AsimovAsimov 1 Photo
(1920-1992),,Isaac
prolific
science-
fiction
writer
29 51748 13000080319 Norman MailerMailer,1 Photo
( 1923- Norma
),
American n
writer
and Pulitzer
Prize winner
29 51749 23000316327 William Yeats, 1 Photo
Butler
Yeats (1865-Willia
1939), Irishm
poet and Butler

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dramatist
29 51750 14000003345 Vladimir Naboko1 Photo
Nabokov (1899-v,
1977), Russian-Vladim
American it
novelist,
poet,
and critic
29 51751 13000030346 Portrait Machia1 Photo
of
Niccolo velli,
Machiavelli Niccolo
(1469-1527),
Italian historian,
statesman,
and
political
philosopher
29 51752 10000149352 James Joyce Joyce,1 Photo
(1882-1941),James
Irish novelist,
author of
the
epic novel
<I>Ulysses</I>
29 51753 9000024354 Henrik IbsenIbsen,1 Photo
(1828-1906),Henrik
Norwegian
playwright
known as
the
father of
modern drama
29 51754 8000544355 Aldous HuxleyHuxley,1 Photo
(1894-1963),Aldous
English writer,
author of
<I>Brave
New
World</I>
29 51755 8000514356 Victor Hugo Hugo, 1 Photo
(

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(1802-1885),Victor
French poet,
author of
<I>Les
Misirables</I>
( 1862)
29 51756 5000111365 Ralph WaldoEmerso I Photo
Emerson n,
(1803-
1882), Raiph
American Waldo
poet
29 51758 3000324373 Anton ChekhovChekho 1 Photo
(1860-1904),v,
Russian Anton
dramatist
and
short-story
writer
29 51761 2000458379 Giovanni Boccac 1 Photo
Boccaccio cio,
{1313-1375),Giovan
Italian ni
writer
and humanist
29 51762 1000739385 Jane AustenAusten,1 Photo
(1775-I817),Jane
classic
English
author of
<I>Sense
and
Sensibility</I>
29 51763 1000249386 Louisa May Alcott,1 Photo
Alcott (1832-Louisa
1888), May
American
writer
best known
as
the author
of
<I>Little
Women</I>

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29 51764 1000169387 James Agee Agee, 1 Photo
(1909-1955),James
American
poet,
novelist,
film
critic,
and
screenwriter
29 51765 19000428388 Upton SinclairSinclair1 Photo
(1878-1968),, Upton
American
writer,
and
social and
economic
reformer
29 51766 800010?2301 Moss Hart Hart, 1 Photo
( 1904-1961Moss
),
American
playwright,
stage director,
and Pulitzer
Prize winner
29 51767 80002252303 American Hellma 1 Photo
writer
Liliian n,
Hellman
(1905-1984)Lillian
29 51768 160003262310 Harold PinterPinter,1 Photo
( 193 0- Harold
),
playwright
who
wrote the
screenplay
for
<I>The French
Lieutenant's
Woman</1>
(1981
29 51769 120001902328 Gotthold Lessing1 Photo
Ephraim ,
Lessin (1729-Gottho)

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178 I ), d
German
dramatist Ephrai
and
critic m
29 51770 130002512329 Philip Massin1 Photo
Massinger ger,
(1583-1640),Philip
English
laywri ht
29 51771 110001652330 Poet FriedrichKlopsto1 Photo
Gottlieb ck,
Klopstock Friedric
(1724-1803)h
Gottlie
b
29 S 17734000036 2332 Gabriele D'Annu1 Photo
D'Annunzio nzio,
(1863-1938),Gabriel
Italian a
novelist,
poet, and
playwri
ht
29 51774 2000226 2333 Aphra Behn Behn, I Photo
(1640-1689),Aphra
English
novelist
and dramatist
29 51777 230002842340 English Wycher1 Photo
dramatist ley,
William Willia
Wycherley m
(1640-1716)
29 51778 220000202341 Sir John Vanbru1 Photo
Vanbrugh gh,
Sir
(1664-1726),John
British
dramatist
29 51779 7000398 2343 Franz ~ Grillpar1 Photo

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Grillparzerzer,
(1791-1872),Franz
Austrian
la ' ht
29 51780 190003352348 Richard Sherida1 Photo
Sheridan n,
(1751-
1816), BritishRichard
dramatist
29 51781 180003342375 Edmond Rostan1 Photo
Rostand d,
( 1868-
1918), FrenchEdmon
dramatist d
29 51783 1000468 2385 Jean AnouilhAnouil1 Photo
(1910-1987),h,
Jean
French
playwri
ht
29 S 17842000255 2390 Robert Benchl1 Photo
Benchley ey,
(1889-1945),Robert
American
humorist,
editor,
and actor
29 51786 2000294 2540 Prof. HenriBergso1 Photo
Bergson n,
(1859-
1941 ), Henri
philosopher,
and winner
of
the 1927
Nobel
Peace Prize
29 51789 190006522596 Gertrude Stein,I Photo
Stein
(1874-1946),Gertrud
American a
writer
29 51790 210000512597 John UpdikeUpdike,1 Photo
(1932- ), John
American
writer

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and Pulitzer
Prize winner
29 51791 230004022682 Author Carl Zuckm 1 Photo
Zuckmayer ayer,
(1896-1977),Carl
at
the international
Book Fair
in
Frankfurt,
Germany,
,1966
29 51795 30002653807 Raymond Chandl1 Photo
Chandler er,
(1888-
1959), authorRaymo
of
mystery novelsnd
featuring
detective
Philip
Marlowe
29 51796 30002863815 American Chapm 1 Photo
writer
John Jay an,
Chapman John
(1862-1933) Jay
29 51797 190000693961 Pulitzer Sandbu1 Photo
Prize-
winning poetrg,
Carl
Carl Sandburg
(1878-1967)
29 51798 100001633970 Swiss Jung, 1 Photo
psychologistCarl
and psychiatrist
Carl Gustav
Jung (1875-
1961 ), i
922
29 51800 200002264075 James ThurberThurber1 Photo
( 1894-1961 , James
),
American
cartoonist
and
author

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29 51801 190006534086 John SteinbeckSteinbeI Photo
(1902-1968},ck,
whose <I>TheJohn
Grapes of
Wrath</I>
won
the Pulitzer
Prize for
fiction
in 1940
29 51803 190003294104 English poetShelley1 Photo
Percy Bysshe, Percy
Shelley (1792-Bysshe
1822)
29 51804 6000273 4152 Michel FoucaultFoucaul1 Photo
(1926-1984),t,
French Michel
philosopher
and
historian,
c.
1979
29 51806 8000142 4164 Nathaniel Hawtho1 Photo
Hawthome rne,
(1804-1864),Nathani
American el
writer; painting
by Emanuel
Leutze
29 51808 3000220 4189 St. Cecilia Cecilia,1 Photo
(d.
230?), ChristianSt.
mart
29 51809 140000204347 Fridtjof Nansen1 Photo
Nansen
(1861-1930),
Norwegian Fridtjof
Arctic explorer
and Nobel
laureate
,
29 51810 6000346 4445 Robert FrostFrost,1 Photo
~

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(1874-1963),Robert
American
oet
29 51811 40004194529 Public Dreyfus1 Photo
humiliation, Alfred
of
Alfred Dreyfus;
Dreyfus
stripped
of rank
and sword
after
conviction
of
treason.
29 51813 230003944657 Emile Zola Zola, 1 Photo
(1840-1902),Emile
French novelist
29 51815 70002324712 Johann Goethe,1 Photo
Wolfgang Johann
von
Goethe ( Wolfga
1749-
1832), Germanng von
poet, dramatist,
novelist,
and
scientist
29 51817 60002314912 German authorFontane1 Photo
and journalist,
Theodor Theodo
Fontane r
( 1819-
1898) ,
29 51818 190001514915 Arthur Schnitz1 Photo
Schnitzler ler,
(1862-1931),Arthur
Austrian
physician,
dramatist,
and
novelist
29 51819 130006664928 Wilhelm Muffler,1 Photo
Muller
(1794-1827),Wiihel
German poetm

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The three output tables from processors 904 and
905 are stored in database 903 and they are read and
processed by the Book Tree Processor 909 as part of the
book compilation process.
Master Document 906: The Master Document
format is similar but not identical to RTF Winhelp Format
which has been available for many years, and was used to
create online Window's Help. The format preferably
comprises the following:
a. Hierarchy Structure. "Heading 1" through
"Heading 6" (Chapters, Subchapters, etc.)
b. Hyperlinks. Making a 2 dimensional linear
document into a 3 dimensional dynamic document.
c. Article ID. Each article has a unique 9 digit
ID that allows a solitary reference even if article
titles are the same. A hyperlink to "Mars" will go to
the planet Mars as opposed to the God Mars based on
content of article.
d. Paragraph & Character Styles. In order to
adhere to the original tagging structure, paragraph &
character styles are used for items such as "Names",
"Keywords", "Dates", etc. These styles will allow us to
create more detailed Versabook Documents when the Versa-
book engine and local browsers are able to support more
complex languages than HTML (XML for example).
e. Tables and Media. Standard tables and book
media
Master HTML Creator 907: Using Word for Windows
HTML Filter along with a VBA Application, this program
creates Master HTML files 908 (typically, one file 908
per article entry in the tree). The VBA application is
used in conjunction with the filter because the filter
cannot handle large files with producing errors. The VBA
application typically chops up these large files and
sends them to the filter. The VBA application also codes

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the hyperlinks with a precoded "vb:". Examples are pro-
vided below in the context of the description of Master
HTML Articles 908.
Master HTML Documents 908: These are similar
to HTML format except that Titles are stored as <H1><A
NAME="001000001">Titlel</H1> and Hyperlinks are stared as
<A HREF="vb:002000125">Title2</A>.
Book Tree Processor 909: This process opens up
each Master HTML 908 and queries the database 903 for any
media, keywords or subjects associated with each article.
The process then outputs a file 911 for every article and
sub-article with the article ID (followed by a ".txt") as
the file name. There is a mini HTML article 911 for
every article. This mini HTML article includes the key-
word and subject information. This process also gener-
ates a large tree.txt file 910 which typically comprises
the following information: Hierarchy level, articlelD,
title of article, and any media associated to that arti-
cle.
Book Compiler 912: The book compiler 912
preferably performs processes 950 to 957 which are now
described in detail.
Compile attributes table process 950 -
Compiles attributes.txt file 914 and translates
the contents into the attributes table 427 creating one
record for each line in the attributes.txt file. The name
is used to fill the name 428 in the table and the value
429 is read from the last field or the indicated file as
appropriate
Compile libentry table process 951 - Compiles
lib.txt file 914 and translates the contents into the
libentry table 485 creating one record. The TEMPNAME 487
is read from the first field, ISBN 488 is read from the
second, NAME 486 from the third and HOOKTYPE 489 from the
fourth and final field.
Compile tree/viewdata table process 952 - The

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tree.txt 910 and Mini HTML Articles 911 are now used to
fill the tree table 401 and Viewdata Table 430. The
filling of tables 401 and 430 preferably includes the
following steps (a) to (o):
(a) The level is read. The first item in the
tree.txt 910 should always have a level of 0 and is the
root of the book. The Parent ID 405 is set to 0 and the
child number 406 is set to 1. Subsequent items fall into
one of the following categories:
i) same level as previous record- parent ID 405
is same as previous item, child number 406 is one more
then previous record
ii) one level more then previous record- parent
ID 405 is ID 402 of previous item, child number 406 is
one
iii) one level less then previous record-
parent ID 405 is same as previous item of same level,
child number 406 is one more then previous record of same
level, number of children 407 for previous record of same
level is set to child number 406 of last child of that
record.
Finally, the number of children 407 is filled
in for the last record at each level.
(b) The media object ID 402 is read and put
into the table. The first item should always have an ID
of 1.
(c) The Media Object Type is read and put into
the table as MOTYPE 408.
(d) Media Type is read and put into the table
as MEDIATYP 409.
(e) Source is read. If the source is MediaDB
then the contents of the Filename field are put into
Viewdata field 432 and the Location field 436 is set to
table. If the source is Book then the file path in File-
name is used and the contents of that file are read. If
the content size is greater then 200 Kilobytes a file is

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created to store the contents, the filename is put into
Viewdata field 432 and the Location field 436 is set to
File.
(f) Media Format is read and put into Format
field 435.
(g) Source2 is read. If the source is MediaDB
then the contents of the Filename2 field are put into
Viewdata2 field 437 and the Location2 field 439 is set to
table. If the source is Book then the file path in File-
name2 is used and the contents of that file are read. If
the content size is greater then 200 Kilobytes a file is
created to store the contents, the filename is put into
Viewdata2 field 437 and the Location2 field 439 is set to
File.
(h) Media Format2 is read and put into Format2
field 438.
(i) Caption File is read and put into Caption
field 433.
(j) Hotspot File is read and put into Hotspot
field 434.
(k) Paragraph Number is read and put into
PARAGRPHNO field 412.
(1) Heading Level is read and put into HTMLLEV-
EL field 413.
(m) Language is read and put into LANG field
414.
(n) Version is read and put into VERSION field
415.
(o) Name is read and put into NAME field 404.
Get Fonts Process 953 - Font files named in
Fonts.txt 915 are copied to a directory called Fonts in
the destination directory for the book
Add Reference/Embed Lists Process 954 - For
each article in the book look for any embedded Media Data
Objects 504. For each Media Data Object 504 that is
embedded add the ID field 402 of the current Media Data

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Object to its Embed List 416. For each article in the
book look for any hyperlinks to other Media Data Objects
504. For each Media Data Object 504 that is hyperlinked
to, add the ID 402 of the current Media Data Object to
its Reference List 417.
Compile Quer Database Process 955 - Create
the query database 604 as required by the standard com-
mercially available query system (such as Verity) being
used.
Compile Qu_ ery Result Tables Process 956 - For
each query type being used of type Query String, Query
Hierarchical ID or Query ID go through each article in
the book and read the values for which this article will
respond. If the item does not appear in the corresponding
Query Result Table for that query then add it and set the
Count 426, 444, 492 to 1 otherwise increment the count.
Fill Sort Name Process 957 - For each article
in the tree table 401 read the name 404, remove any HTML
encoding, remove all punctuation, put in lowercase,
replace accented characters with non-accented equivalents
and write to the NAMESORT 403 field
Tree File 910: Also termed herein "Outline
tree.txt".
format:
Preferably the tree file 910 has the following
One entry per line, each such entry preferably
comprising the following items:
<level>; <media object id>; <media object type; <media
type; <source>; <media format;
<filename>; <source2>; <media format2>; <filename2>;
<caption-file; <hotspot-file;
<paragraph-number; <Heading Level>; <language>; <ver-
sion>; <name>
The above parameters are now interpreted:
a. Level: The level in the hierarchy.

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b. Media Object Id: Unique ID 402 identifies media object
(1 is reserved for the root of the book).
c. Media Object Type: Structural component in book
(values are: MC 201, ME 202, MB 203 , MG 204, AMI 205
or EMBEDDED (media only viewed embedded in an article)).
d. Media Type: Media type as seen by user (values are:
ANIMATION, FLAG, MAP, SLIDESHOW, MUSIC, PHOTO, SPEECH,
VIDEO, TEXT, NA).
e. Source: Indication of where the data comes (values
are: MediaDB (from media database 170), Book (if it is
specific to the book 100), and NA (if there is no viewa-
ble data for the entry).
f. Media Format: Storage format used for media if it is
not from the media database (values are: GIF, JPG, AVI,
SWF, MPGI, MPGII, WAV, and HTML).
g. Filename: The name of the file containing the viewable
data for the media object. The name of the file is rela-
tive to the book directory where all the files for the
book are stored. If the media object is from the media
database 170 then this field contains the media database
ID 460 for the object in the media database.
g. Source2: Supplementary viewable data information -
indication of where the data comes (values are: MediaDH
(from media database 170), Hook (if it is specific to the
book 100), and NA (if there is no viewable data for the
entry).
h. Media Format2: Supplementary viewable data information
- Storage format used for media if it is not from the
media database (values are: GIF, JPG, AVI, SWF, MPGI,
MPGII, WAV, and HTML).
i. Filename2: Supplementary viewable data information -
the name of the file containing the viewable data for the
media data object. The name of the file is relative to
the book directory where all the files for the book are
stored. If the media object is from the media database
170 then this field contains the media database ID 460

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for the object in the media database.
j. Caption File: The file containing the caption for the
media data object.
k. Hotspot File: The file containing the hotspots for the
media data object.
1. Paragraph Number: The paragraph of parent at which an
AMI 205 is to be embedded.
m. Heading Level: Level of heading for display in article
(1-6, if zero the heading is not displayed in the arti-
cle).
n. Language: language of text/narration (valid values:
English).
o. Version: integer indicating version for entry.
p. Name: Name of Media Data Object in HTML format.
Mini HTML Articles 911:
<!query-internal name=datal;data2>
<!'.>
<P>Blah blah blah</P>
<P>Blah blah blah</P>
<P>Blah blah blah</P>
The Mini HTML Articles 911 have two sections
divided by a marker of the form "<!!>".
The first section contains the data for the
query system 604. For each defined query type which
returns the article for one or more values, there is
typically an entry starting with "<!" followed by the
internal name 447 of the query, followed by a "_", fol-
lowed by a list of the values for the article separated
by a ";" and ending with a ">". Values are either names
424 or IDs 421, 468, depending on the query implementa-
tion type 448.
The second section of the article in HTML and
is the displayable text for the article. Captions are

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similarly formatted to allow searching of media types
that are not text such as jpegs, mpegs, gifs, shockwave
flash etc.
Attribute.txt 914: A file used to fill the
Attributes Table 427. Each line in the file is used to
fill one record in the table. Each line is of the follow-
ing form:
<attribute-name>; <location>; <data>
The parameters are now described:
a. attribute name - this is the name 426 of the at-
tribute.
b. location - this indicates if the value 427 for the
attribute. is contained in the following field, in which
case location is "field" or in a separate input file
whose path is stored in the following field in which case
the location is "file".
c. data - if location is "field" then this field is the
value 427 for the attribute, if location is "field" then
this is the path to the file that stores the value 427
for the attribute.
Fonts.txt 915: This file is used to indicate
the fonts that should be included with the book. One font
is on each name. The name of the font file is listed.
Lib.txt 916: This file is used to fill in the
library entry table 485. This file and table have one
line and record respectively. The line is of the follow-
ing form:
<template-name; <ISBN>; <title>; <book-type>
The parameters are now described:
a. template-name - the name 487 of the template 608 for
the book

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b. ISBN - the International Standard Book Number (ISHN)
488 used to uniquely identify books
c. title - the name 486 of the book
d. book-type - value 489 indicating the implementation
method for the book, currently there is only one imple-
mentation for a book.
A portion of the disclosure of this patent
document contains material which is subject to copyright
protection. The copyright owner has no abjection to the
facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document
or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and
Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise
reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
It is appreciated that the software components
of the present invention may, if desired, be implemented
in ROM (read-only memory) form. The software components
may, generally, be implemented in hardware, if desired,
using conventional techniques.
It is appreciated that the particular embodi-
ment described in the Appendices is intended only to
provide an extremely detailed disclosure of the present
invention and is not intended to be limiting.
It is appreciated that various features of the
invention which are, for clarity, described in the con-
texts of separate embodiments may also be provided in
combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various
features of the invention which are, for brevity, de-
scribed in the context of a single embodiment may also be
provided separately or in any suitable subcombination.
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in
the art that the present invention is not limited to what
has been particularly shown and described hereinabove.
Rather, the scope of the present invention is defined
only by the claims that follow: