Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Treatment for Fabrics
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an oligomeric or polymeric material for
deposition onto a
fabric to endow a fabric care or other benefit to the fabric.
Background of the Invention
It is known to use polysaccharide gums having a B1_4 linkage (hereinafter
referred to as 13-
1,4-polysaccharides) as ingredients in detergent compositions, e.g. guar gum
when used
as a thickener in bleach compositions.
It is also known to use various different materials in laundry products for
colour care, e.g.
to reduce the fading of coloured dyes in the fabric due to repeated washes.
It is has now been found by the applicants that surprisingly, B14,
polysaccharides also are
useful in detergent products for colour care performance, as well as anti-
pilling.
Unfortunately, at the levels required for this purpose, the applicants have
noticed a
negative in terms of enhanced staining with particulate stains on the fabric.
This problem has now been overcome by combining the polysaccharides with an
enzyme capable of cleaving them.
Techniques for reducing the molecular weight of naturally occurring
polysaccharides are
well known in the art.
Degradation of galactomannans, polyuronic acids and galactans by a thermal
process in
an oxygen-free atmosphere is described in GB-A-1 042 438.
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Galactomannans for anti-gelling of food products, by peroxide or acid
hydrolysis is
disclosed in GB-A-1 565 006.
GB-A-834 375 describes a method for retarding the degradation of
galactomannans in
hot aqueous systems by inclusion of certain water-soluble metal salts.
According to US-A-2 553 485, manno-galactans can be heat degraded to modify
their
adhesive properties.
The acid hydrolysis of partially hydrated carbohydrate gums at elevated
temperatures is
the subject of WO 93/15116.
Proteolytic degradation of tamarind seed kernel polysaccharide is described in
US-A-3 480 511 and Ind. J. Technology, Vol. 8, September 1970, H.C. Srivastava
et al,
pp 347-349.
Another non-laundry use of low molecular polysaccharide is disclosed in
GB-A-2 314 840. According to this teaching, polysaccharides having a molecular
weight of between 1,000 and 50,000 are useful for wound dressings or
peptide/protein
binding.
As far as use of low molecular polysaccharides in surfactant-based products is
concerned, EP-A-367 335 discloses use of a cationic guargum having a molecular
weight of 50,000 - 100,000,000 preferably 100,000 - 500,000, especially
250,000 -
400,000 to improve the feel of toilet bars based on alkali metal soaps.
According to
EP-A-227 321, the mildness of soap bars is improved using a hydrated cationic
polymeric polysaccharide having from 5-6 saccharide units on average. Another
soap
bar containing a cationic polysaccharide having a molecular weight of 1,000 -
3,000,000, preferably 2,500 - 350,000 is disclosed in US-A-5 064 555.
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US-A-4,179,382 discloses a textile softening agent which includes a cationic
salt which
optionally may be a cationic polysaccharide, e.g. having a molecular weight of
220,000.
US-A-5,510,052 discloses dishware pretreatment compositions which include a
thickener
which may be a polysaccharide gum, and an enzyme. However, there is no mention
of
enzymes such as cellulases or mannanases which can reduce the molecular weight
of the
polysaccharide, and there is no indication of use for laundering of fabrics.
A method of enhancing the ability of a polysaccharide to flow through a porous
medium
in aqueous solution by mixing it with an enzyme to cause hydrolytic
degradation of the
saccharide linkages is disclosed in US-A-4,326,037.
US-A-5,443,750 discloses a detergent composition, which contains clay and the
polymer
functions as a clay-flocculating agent. If the polymer were susceptible to the
activity of
the enzyme then it would apparently be digested and the polymer would cease to
flocculate the clay.
WO-A-9002790 discloses a 'stone-wash' composition which contains a gelling
agent.
This would not get is the gelling agent were susceptible to the activity of
the enzyme.
The objective here does not appear to be to reduce damage.
WO-A-9817770 relates to compositions for retaining colour on cellulosic
fabrics. This
contains a carboxylated polymer. These are derivatives of natural polymers and
not
natural polymers per se.
US-A-4,610,800 discloses a composition for unblocking drains. It contains very
high
cellulase levels that are intended to attack cellulosic materials to the point
where they
disintegrate. This would not be suitable for use on clothing and would not be
a starting
point for consideration of a clothes care composition.
US-A-3,480,511 discloses a composition intended for the degradation of
tamarind
materials. It says nothing about clothes care.
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WO-A-9535362 discloses a composition, which contains no polysaccharide
material in
the compositions envisaged.
WO-A-9527036 again discloses the combination of clay-flocculating agents and
enzymes
in the same product. The document does not disclose the method of the present
invention.
US-A-5,126,051 discloses a method of decomposing drilling mud.
Definition of the Invention
Thus, according to the present invention, there is provided a method of
treatment of a
fabric which comprises the step of contacting the fabric in aqueous solution
with a
composition comprising:
a) a naturally occurring polysaccharide having a beta 1-4 linkage, said gum
being
selected from galactomannan, glucomannan, xanthan gum, xyloglucan and mixtures
thereof,
b) an enzyme which cleaves said polysaccharide, and,
c) a surfactant
said composition being free of a softening clay and 0.005-20% flocculating
agent which
is guar gum.
Detailed Description of the Invention
Compositions
The amount of the polysaccharide gum is preferably from 0.05% to 10%, more
preferably
from 0.1 % to 5% by weight of the treatment composition prior to dilution in
the wash
liquor. Also based on the weight of the total composition, the amount of the
enzyme is
preferably from 0.01% to 3%, more preferably from 0.05% to 1% by
weight of the commercially supplied material. Such commercial materials
normally
contain from 1-10% by weight of the material of active enzyme.
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The polysaccharide is preferably selected from galactomannan (e.g. derived
from locust
bean gum or guar gum), glucoma.nnan (e.g. Konjac glucomannan), xanthan gum and
xyloglucan (e.g. tamarind xyloglucan), and mixtures thereof.
Some preferred enzymes found to have this property are the cellulases, such as
those
sold under the Trade Marks Celluzyme, Endolase, Carezyme, Clarinase and
Puradax, as
well as mannanases.
The enzyme comprises one or more enzyme types selected from those capable of
cleaving the polysaccharide. Whether or not the enzyme has this capability may
be
determined by as simple assay, according to the following protocol for
measuring the
viscosity drop of the polysaccharide in solution:-
(i) Prepare a 1.5% solution of polysaccharide at desired pH. Roll on the
bottle
roller overnight.
(ii) Weigh out 50g of the solution into clean 120 ml glass jars. Place in the
shaker
bath at 40 C to equilibrate.
(iii) Prepare stock solution of the enzyme and add a total of 1 ml (which
contains
enough enzyme to make the total concentrations between 1 and 20 mg/1) to the
50g polysaccharide solution. Shake the bottle to mix the solutions. Agitate at
150rpm for 30 mins at 40 C. Stop the reaction by adding enough 50% sodium
hydroxide to bring the pH up to 12 - 12.5.
(iv) Keep the solutions at 40 C and measure the viscosity on the Haake VT500
viscometer. The enzyme activity is indicated by a significant viscosity drop
of
the polymer solution by enzyme treatment.
The active ingredient in the compositions is preferably a surface active agent
or a fabric
conditioning agent. More than one active ingredient may be included. For some
applications a mixture of active ingredients may be used.
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The compositions of the invention may be in any physical form e.g. a solid
such as a
powder or granules, a tablet, a solid bar, a paste, gel or liquid, especially,
an aqueous
based liquid.
The compositions of the present invention are preferably laundry compositions,
especially main wash (fabric washing) compositions or rinse-added softening
compositions. The main wash compositions may include a fabric softening agent
and
rinse-added fabric softening compositions may include surface-active
compounds,
particularly non-ionic surface-active compounds, if appropriate.
The detergent compositions of the invention may contain a surface-active
compound
(surfactant) which may be chosen from soap and non-soap anionic, cationic, non-
ionic,
amphoteric and zwitterionic surface-active compounds and mixtures thereof.
Many
suitable surface-active compounds are available and are fully described in the
literature,
for example, in "Surface-Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I and II, by
Schwartz,
Perry and Berch.
The preferred detergent-active compounds that can be used are soaps and
synthetic non-
soap anionic and non-ionic compounds.
The compositions of the invention may contain linear alkylbenzene sulphonate,
particularly linear alkylbenzene sulphonates having an alkyl chain length of
C8-C15. It is
preferred if the level of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate is from 0 wt% to 30
wt%, more
preferably 1 wt% to 25 wt%, most preferably from 2 wt% to 15 wt%.
The compositions of the invention may contain other anionic surfactants in
amounts
additional to the percentages quoted above. Suitable anionic surfactants are
well-known
to those skilled in the art. Examples include primary and secondary alkyl
sulphates,
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particularly Cg-C 15 primary alkyl sulphates; alkyl ether sulphates; olefin
sulphonates;
alkyl xylene sulphonates; dialkyl sulphosuccinates; and fatty acid ester
sulphonates.
Sodium salts are generally preferred.
The compositions of the invention may also contain non-ionic surfactant.
Nonionic
surfactants that may be used include the primary and secondary alcohol
ethoxylates,
especially the ce-c20 aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1
to 20 moles
of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol, and more especially the Clo-C15 primary
and
secondary aliphatic alcohols ethoxylated with an average of from 1 to 10 moles
of
ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. Non-ethoxylated nonionic surfactants
include
alkylpolyglycosides, glycerol monoethers, and polyhydroxyamides (glucamide).
It is preferred if the level of non-ionic surfactant is from 0 wt% to 30 wt%,
preferably
from 1 wt% to 25 wt%, most preferably from 2 wt% to 15 wt%.
It is also possible to include certain mono-alkyl cationic surfactants which
can be used
in main-wash compositions for fabrics. Cationic surfactants that may be used
include
quaternary ammonium salts of the general formula RIR2R3R4N* X" wherein the R
groups are long or short hydrocarbon chains, typically alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or
ethoxylated alkyl groups, and X is a counter-ion (for example, compounds in
which Rl
is a C8.C22 alkyl group, preferably a C8-CIO or C12-Ci4 alkyl group, R2 is a
methyl group,
and R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, are methyl or hydroxyethyl
groups);
and cationic esters (for example, choline esters).
The choice of surface-active compound (surfactant), and the amount present,
will depend
on the intended use of the detergent composition. In fabric washing
compositions,
different surfactant systems may be chosen, as is well known to the skilled
formulator,
for handwashing products and for products intended for use in different types
of washing
machine.
The total amount of surfactant present will also depend on the intended end
use and may
be as high as 60 wt%, for example, in a composition for washing fabrics by
hand. In
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compositions for machine washing of fabrics, an amount of from 5 to 40 wt% is
generally appropriate. Typically the compositions will comprise at least 2 wt%
surfactant e.g. 2-60%, preferably 15-40% most preferably 25-35%.
Detergent compositions suitable for use in most automatic fabric washing
machines
generally contain anionic non-soap surfactant, or non-ionic surfactant, or
combinations
of the two in any suitable ratio, optionally together with soap.
The compositions of the invention, when used as main wash fabric washing
compositions, will generally also contain one or more detergency builders. The
total
amount of detergency builder in the compositions will typically range from 5
to 80 wt%,
preferably from 10 to 60 wt%.
Inorganic builders that may be present include sodium carbonate, if desired in
combination with a crystallisation seed for calcium carbonate, as disclosed in
GB 1 437
950 (Unilever); crystalline and amorphous aluminosilicates, for example,
zeolites as
disclosed in GB 1 473 201 (Henkel), amorphous aluminosilicates as disclosed in
GB 1
473 202 (Henkel) and mixed crystalline/amorphous aluminosilicates as disclosed
in
GB 1 470 250 (Procter & Gamble); and layered silicates as disclosed in EP 164
514B
(Hoechst). Inorganic phosphate builders, for example, sodium orthophosphate,
pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate are also suitable for use with this
invention.
The compositions of the invention preferably contain an alkali metal,
preferably sodium,
aluminosilicate builder. Sodium aluminosilicates may generally be incorporated
in
amounts of from 10 to 70% by weight (anhydrous basis), preferably from 25 to
50 wt%.
The alkali metal aluminosilicate may be either crystalline or amorphous or
mixtures
thereof, having the general formula: 0.8-1.5 Na20. A1203. 0.8-6 Si02
These materials contain some bound water and are required to have a calcium
ion
exchange capacity of at least 50 mg CaO/g. The preferred sodium
aluminosilicates
contain 1.5-3.5 Si02 units (in the formula above). Both the amorphous and the
crystalline
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materials can be prepared readily by reaction between sodium silicate and
sodium
aluminate, as amply described in the literature. Suitable crystalline sodium
aluminosilicate ion-exchange detergency builders are described, for example,
in GB 1
429 143 (Procter & Gamble). The preferred sodium aluminosilicates of this type
are the
well-known commercially available zeolites A and X, and mixtures thereof.
The zeolite may be the commercially available zeolite 4A now widely used in
laundry
detergent powders. However, according to a preferred embodiment of the
invention, the
zeolite builder incorporated in the compositions of the invention is maximum
aluminium
zeolite P (zeolite MAP) as described and claimed in EP 384 070A (Unilever).
Zeolite MAP
is defined as an alkali metal aluminosilicate of the zeolite P type having a
silicon to
aluminium ratio not exceeding 1.33, preferably within the range of from 0.90
to 1.33, and
more preferably within the range of from 0.90 to 1.20.
Especially preferred is zeolite MAP having a silicon to aluminium ratio not
exceeding
1.07, more preferably about 1.00. The calcium binding capacity of zeolite MAP
is
generally at least 150 mg CaO per g of anhydrous material.
Organic builders that may be present include polycarboxylate polymers such as
polyacrylates, acrylic/maleic copolymers, and acrylic phosphinates; monomeric
polycarboxylates such as citrates, gluconates, oxydisuccinates, glycerol mono-
, di and
trisuccinates, carboxymethyloxy succinates, carboxymethyloxymalonates,
dipicolinates,
hydroxyethyliminodiacetates, alkyl- and alkenylmalonates and succinates; and
sulphonated fatty acid salts. This list is not intended to be exhaustive.
Especially preferred organic builders are citrates, suitably used in amounts
of from 5 to
wt%, preferably from 10 to 25 wt%; and acrylic polymers, more especially
acrylic/maleic copolymers, suitably used in amounts of from 0.5 to 15 wt%,
preferably
30 from 1 to 10 wt%.
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Builders, both inorganic and organic, are preferably present in alkali metal
salt, especially
sodium salt, form.
Compositions according to the invention may also suitably contain a bleach
system.
Fabric washing compositions may desirably contain peroxy bleach compounds, for
example, inorganic persalts or organic peroxyacids, capable of yielding
hydrogen
peroxide in aqueous solution.
Suitable peroxy bleach compounds include organic peroxides such as urea
peroxide, and
inorganic persalts such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates,
perphosphates,
persilicates and persulphates. Preferred inorganic persalts are sodium
perborate
monohydrate and tetrahydrate, and sodium percarbonate.
Especially preferred is sodium percarbonate having a protective coating
against
destabilisation by moisture. Sodium percarbonate having a protective coating
comprising
sodium metaborate and sodium silicate is disclosed in GB 2 123 044B (Kao).
The peroxy bleach compound is suitably present in an amount of from 0.1 to 35
wt%,
preferably from 0.5 to 25 wt%. The peroxy bleach compound may be used in
conjunction
with a bleach activator (bleach precursor) to improve bleaching action at low
wash
temperatures. The bleach precursor is suitably present in an amount of from
0.1 to 8 wt%,
preferably from 0.5 to 5 wt%.
Preferred bleach precursors are peroxycarboxylic acid precursors, more
especially
peracetic acid precursors and pernoanoic acid precursors. Especially preferred
bleach
precursors suitable for use in the present invention are N,N,N',N',-tetracetyl
ethylenediamine (TAED) and sodium noanoyloxybenzene sulphonate (SNOBS). The
novel quaternary ammonium and phosphonium bleach precursors disclosed in US 4
751
015 and US 4 818 426 (Lever Brothers Company) and EP 402 971 A (Unilever), and
the
cationic bleach precursors disclosed in EP 284 292A and EP 303 520A (Kao) are
also of
interest.
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The bleach system can be either supplemented with or replaced by a peroxyacid.
examples of such peracids can be found in US 4 686 063 and US 5 397 501
(Unilever). A
preferred example is the imido peroxycarboxylic class of peracids described in
EP A 325
288, EP A 349 940, DE 382 3172 and EP 325 289. A particularly preferred
example is
5 phtalimido peroxy caproic acid (PAP). Such peracids are suitably present at
0.1 - 12%,
preferably 0.5 - 10%.
A bleach stabiliser (transition metal sequestrant) may also be present.
Suitable bleach
stabilisers include ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA), the polyphosphonates
such as
10 Dequest (Trade Mark) and non-phosphate stabilisers such as EDDS (ethylene
diamine
di-succinic acid). These bleach stabilisers are also useful for stain removal
especially in
products containing low levels of bleaching species or no bleaching species.
An especially preferred bleach system comprises a peroxy bleach compound
(preferably
sodium percarbonate optionally together with a bleach activator), and a
transition metal
bleach catalyst as described and claimed in EP 458 397A,EP 458 398A and EP 509
787A
(Unilever).
The compositions according to the invention may also contain one or more
enzyme(s).
Suitable enzymes include the proteases, amylases, cellulases, oxidases,
peroxidases and
lipases usable for incorporation in detergent compositions. Preferred
proteolytic
enzymes (proteases) are, catalytically active protein materials which degrade
or alter
protein types of stains when present as in fabric stains in a hydrolysis
reaction. They
may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial or yeast
origin.
Proteolytic enzymes or proteases of various qualities and origins and having
activity in
various pH ranges of from 4-12 are available and can be used in the instant
invention.
Examples of suitable proteolytic enzymes are the subtilins which are obtained
from
particular strains of B. Subtilis B. licheniformis, such as the commercially
available
subtilisins Maxatase (Trade Mark), as supplied by Gist Brocades N.V., Delft,
Holland,
and Alcalase (Trade Mark), as supplied by Novo Industri A/S, Copenhagen,
Denmark.
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Particularly suitable is a protease obtained from a strain of Bacillus having
maximum
activity throughout the pH range of 8-12, being commercially available, e.g.
from Novo
Industri A/S under the registered trade-names Esperase (Trade Mark) and
Savinase
(Trade-Mark). The preparation of these and analogous enzymes is described in
GB 1 243
785. Other commercial proteases are Kazusase (Trade Mark obtainable from
Showa-Denko of Japan), Optimase (Trade Mark from Miles Kali-Chemie, Hannover,
West Germany), and Superase (Trade Mark obtainable from Pfizer of U.S.A.).
Detergency enzymes are conunonly employed in granular form in amounts of from
about
0.1 to about 3.0 wt%. However, any suitable physical form of enzyme may be
used.
The compositions of the invention may contain alkali metal, preferably sodium
carbonate,
in order to increase detergency and ease processing. Sodium carbonate may
suitably be
present in amounts ranging from 1 to 60 wt%, preferably from 2 to 40 wt%.
However,
compositions containing little or no sodium carbonate are also within the
scope of the
invention.
Powder flow may be improved by the incorporation of a small amount of a powder
structurant, for example, a fatty acid (or fatty acid soap), a sugar, an
acrylate or
acrylate/maleate copolymer, or sodium silicate. One preferred powder
structurant is fatty
acid soap, suitably present in an amount of from 1 to 5 wt%.
Other materials that may be present in detergent compositions of the invention
include
sodium silicate; antiredeposition agents such as cellulosic polymers; soil
release
polymers; inorganic salts such as sodium sulphate; lather control agents or
lather boosters
as appropriate; proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes; dyes; coloured speckles;
perfumes;
foam controllers; fluorescers and decoupling polymers. This list is not
intended to be
exhaustive. However, many of these ingredients will be better delivered as
benefit agent
groups in materials according to the first aspect of the invention.
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The detergent composition when diluted in the wash liquor (during a typical
wash
cycle) will typically give a pH of the wash liquor from 7 to 10.5 for a main
wash
detergent.
Particulate detergent compositions are suitably prepared by spray-drying a
slurry of
compatible heat-insensitive ingredients, and then spraying on or post-dosing
those
ingredients unsuitable for processing via the slurry. The skilled detergent
formulator
will have no difficulty in deciding which ingredients should be included in
the slurry
and which should not.
Particulate detergent compositions of the invention preferably have a bulk
density of at
least 400 g/l, more preferably at least 500 g/l. Especially preferred
compositions have
bulk densities of at least 650 g/litre, more preferably at least 700 g/litre.
Such powders may be prepared either by post-tower densification of spray-dried
powder,
or by wholly non-tower methods such as dry mixing and granulation; in both
cases a
hiqh-speed mixer/granulator may advantageously be used. Processes using high-
speed
mixer/granulators are disclosed, for example, in EP 340 013A, EP 367 339A, EP
390
251 A and EP 420 317A (Unilever).
Liquid detergent compositions can be prepared by admixing the essential and
optional
ingredients thereof in any desired order to provide compositions containing
components
in the requisite concentrations. Liquid compositions according to the present
invention
can also be in compact form which means it will contain a lower level of water
compared
to a conventional liquid detergent.
Any suitable method may be used to produce the compounds of the present
invention.
In particular polymerisation of the sunscreen and/or SOQ and polymer as
described in
the examples may be used.
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Treatment
The treatment of the fabric with the material of the invention can be made by
any
suitable method such as washing, soaking or rinsing of the fabric.
Examples 1 and 2: Detergent Formulations
Component Example I Example2
% w/w % w/w
Na-LAS 8.68 10.37
Nonionic 7E0, branched 4.55 5.45
Nonionic 3E0, branched 2.44 2.92
soap 1.12 1.34
zeolite A24 (anhydrous) 29.63 35.43
Na-citrate 2aq 3.49 4.17
light soda ash 5.82 6.96
SCMC (68%) 0.54 0.65
Antifoam granule 1.70 2.20
Fluorescer adjunct (15 %) 1.30 -
PVP (95 %) 0.10 0.60
SRP (18 %) 1.50 1.50
Sokalan CP5 (93%) 1.00 1.00
Na-citrate 2aq - 3.60
Na-carbonate - 11.35
Na-Bi-carbonate 1.00 4.00
(carbonate/29 % sil co-granule) 5.5 -
TAED white (as gran.83%) 5.5 -
Coated Percarbonate (13.5 avOx) 19.00
Dequest 2047 1.00 1.40
Savinase 12.OT 3250 GU/mg 0.78 0.78
Lipolase 100T 187 LU/mg 0.12 0.12
Minors, moisture, salts balance balance
TOTAL 100.00 100.00
To each of Examples 1 and 2 were added, 3% of locust bean gum (native),
together with
0.2% Carezyme 1.OT enzyme, on top of the 100%.
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Raw Material Specification
Comnonent Specification
Na LAS Sodium salt, alkyl benzene sulphonate
Nonionic 7E0, branched C 12-C 15 branched alcohol ethoxylated with an
average of 7 ethyleneoxy groups
Nonionic 3E0, branched C 12-C 15 branched alcohol ethoxylated with an
average of 3 ethyleneoxy groups
SCMC Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
PVP Polyvinyl pyrrolidone
Sokalan CP5 Polymer builder
Dequest 2047 Metal Sequestrant, ex Monanto
Savinase 12.OT Proteolytic enzyme, ex Novo
Lipolase 100T Lipolytic enzyme
Carezyme 1.OT Cellulase enzyme
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Example 3: Comparitive Tests
Washed off white woven mercerised bleached non-fluorescent cotton was washed
in
5 different conditions (control and test). Formulations contained 0.5 g/l
surfactant (50 %
w/w SynperonicTM A7 (nonionic) and 50% w/w Na LAS) in 0.O1M phosphate buffer
pH=7Ø Where used, LBG=locust bean gum (3%). The fabrics were subsequently
stained with clay and washed again in the same conditions now in the presence
of
enzymes as specified in the table below. Before and after washing of the stain
its
10 reflectance was measured. The difference (Delta R) at 460 mn is a measure
for the
efficiency of stain removal. The results are given below.
Formulation Delta R (460)
Control (No gum, no enzyme) 23.7
LBG, no enzyme 8.0
LBG + Celluzyme 200 AU/I 21.6
LBG + mannanase 5 ppm 18.6
LBG + Clazinase 5 ppm 13.5
LBG + Endolase 5 ppm 18.8
Example 4: Comparitive Tests
Washed ofl'white woven mercerised bleached non-fluorescent cotton was washed
in
different conditions (control and test). Fornulations contained 0.5 g/1
surfactant (50 %
w/w Synperonic A7 (nonionic) and 50% w/w Na LAS) in 0.O1M carbonate buffer
pH=10.8. LBG was optionally included as in Example 3. The fabrics were
subsequently stained with clay and washed again in the same conditions now in
the
presence of enzymes as specified in the table below. Before and after washing
of the
stain its reflectance was measured. The difference (Delta R) at 460 nm is a
measure for
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the efficiency of stain removal. The results are given below.
Formulation Delta R (460)
Control (No gum, no enzyme) 17.8
LBG, no enzyme 5.1
LBG + Celluzyme 200 AU/I 15.4
LBG + mannanase 5 ppm 9.5
