Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
WO 00/49901 PCT/EP99/01263
Smoknble-product
The present invention relates to smokable products, such as filter cigarettes,
filter cigarillos or
filtered cigars, which comprise a filter which is active in the gas phase
and/or cigarette paper
which is active in the gas phase and/or one or more other components which are
accessible to
the main smoke stream and have an addition of substances which are active in
the gas phase,
and which are provided with an addition of substances having an antioxidative
action.
Various systems are chosen to reduce the risk potential of srnokable tobacco
products. One of
the best known is, for example, the concept of so-called "light" or "ultra-
light" cigarettes. By
means of highly retentive filters in combination with a correspondinv~ly
matched filter
ventilation, these cigarettes reduce both the particle phase and the gas phase
of their so-called
main smoke stream and therefore its risk potential overall.
Filter systems which have embedded substances which are active in the gas
phase, such as
active charcoal, and specifically reduce the gas phase of cigarillos or
ci~~arettes are furtloermore
known. Such filter cigarettes are described e.~~. in DE-PS 41 05 500 C: 1 or
EP-PS 0 558 166
B1.
DE-PS ~14 16 IOl C2 furrthermore discloses smokable tobacco goods which
comprise
antioridative naturally occurring.: substances to reduce the mutagenic
potential of tobacco
smoke.
However, none of the abovementioned proposed solutions known to date shows the
reduction, and optionally even compensation, of the undesirable influence of
tobacco smoke
on the impairment of the microcirculation of the blood circulation.
The distribution oi~ blood into tiny blood vessels - the microcirculation - is
functionally the
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
most important part of the blood circulation. Diffusion of oxygen, nutrients
and metabolism
products between blood and tissue cells takes place here There are wide
differences between
the microcirculation and the macrocirculation in the arteries and veins In the
tiny blood
vessels (capillaries, arterioles and venoles) blood cells and blood plasma
more or less demix,
and combine again in the veins only after flowing throu~~h the microvessel
network. The
microcirculation is adapted to the requirements of the particular tissue by a
number of
regulatory mechanisms, and the functional state thereof is determined by the
tlow properties
and flow conditions of the blood.
The distribution of blood cells in the microvessels is of importance both for
the "nutrition" of
adjacent tissue cells (red blood cells) and for the immune reaction (white
blood cells).
During smoking, the functional state of the microcirculation in the mucous
membrane of the
mouth - a representative organ region - and other organs or organ regions is
changed
temporarily. The mucous membrane of the mouth, with the first contact with
tobacco smoke -
and also with other substances which are taken up via the respiratory or
digestive tract
represents a particularly efficient organ region here for perception of and
defence against
environmental influences. During smoking of a cigarette and some minutes
thereafter. the
distribution of blood in the microvessels is limited somewhat, the flow
intensity in the small
blood vessels drops, and an increasing number of white blood cells appear in
the vessels,
temporarily adhering to the vessel walls (initiation of an immune reaction).
In healthy persons, the short-teen restrictions on blood distribution and
blood flow by
smoking can be compensated by endogenous regulatory mechanisms and are
therefore not
particularly unacceptable. In "normal" daily life, the microcirculation is
also sometimes subject
to considerably wider variations The effects of smokin~~ desired by the smoker
moreover
includes the slight increase in blood pressure caused by the vascular
constrictions.
The behaviour of the white blood cells during; smoking (i.e. concentration
thereof and
adhesion to the vessel walls) is a normal reaction of the endogenous defence
system which
perceives cigarette smoke as an interference factor Such immune reactions
y~uarantee
protection of the or<~anism against influences of the outside world ffhe acute
changes on the
basis of the white blood cells observed during smoking are tolerated by a
normal immune
-,
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
system. However, when evaluatin~~ the possible consequences of sniokin~~, the
extent and
possible secondary reactions (inflammation reactions) are to be taken into
account. It should
be of advantage if e.~~ a cigarette impairs the local microcirculation and
defence situation as
little as possible.
The object of the present invention is therefore to provide smokable products
of which the
main smoke stream (MSS) and secondary smoke stream (SSS) impairs or reduces
the
microcirculation - especially in the mucous membrane of the mouth -
significantly less than is
the case with conventional products with comparable nicotine and condensate
values, while
simultaneously ensuring acceptance of the taste, i. e. without adversely
influencing the taste
properties of the products.
The object is achieved according to the invention by a smokable product, such
as e.g. a filter
cigarette, a filter cigarillo or a filtered cigar, which
a) comprises a filter which is active in the gas phase and/or cigarette paper
which is active
in the gas phase and/or one or more other components accessible to the main
smoke
stream comprise an addition of substances which are active in the gas phase,
and
b) of which the strand of tobacco and/or another smokable material and/or
other
components accessible to the main smoke stream is/are provided with an
addition of
substances having an antioxidative action.
In the context of the present invention, "components accessible to the main
smoke stream" are
understood as meaning those constituents of smokable products, such as
cigarettes, cigarillos
or cigars, which, on smoking down, form substances which pass completely or in
part into the
main smoke stream, or other components which are eluted into the main smoke
stream during
smoking.
In the context of the present invention it has been found, surprisingly, that
an abundance of
positive effects is achieved by the fundamental idea of the invention, that is
to say interference-
free, i.e. not mutually obstructive, combination of two in themselves opposing
mechanisms.
The considerable depletion in the relevant part of the smoke - the ~~as phase -
of undesirable
substances with simultaneous concentration in the other relevant part of the
smoke - the
3
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
particle phase - of naturally occurring substances having a protective action
result in, side by
side,
- reduction in the cytotoxicity by charcoal filters (Fundamental and Applied
Toxicology
39> 1 1 -17 ( 1997))
- reduction in the mutagenicity (DE-PS ~4 16 101 C2)
- reduction in the impairment of the microcirculation both by the main smoke
stream and
by the secondary smoke stream
and also additionally an
- improvement in the taste of the main smoke stream,
- improvement in the smell of the secondary smoke stream
to a surprisingly high degree.
On the basis of the fundamental idea of the invention - depletion in the gas
phase with
simultaneous concentration in the particle phase - in principle all design
parameters known or
familiar to the expert (i.e. use of different filter types, use of various
tobaccos or tobacco
mixtures, use of different tobacco strand wrappings, choice of components
which are to be
charged with substances having an antioxidative action etc.) can be used to
design the
cigarettes and cigarillos according to the invention and variants thereof in,
for example, the
known value segments such as full flavour, medium, liy~hts and ultra-li~~hts.
The invention thus relates to a smokable product which comprises a filter
which is active in the
gas phase and/or cigarette paper which is active in the gas phase and of which
the strand of
tobacco and/or another smokable material and/or other components accessible to
the main
smoke stream is/are provided with an addition of substances having an
antioxidative action
The product comprises either a tobacco strand wrapped with cigarette paper or
a tobacco
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
strand wrapped with nonwoven paper and cigarette paper, the permeability to
air of the
cigarette paper being.: 10 to 100 Coresta units (CU), preferably 20 to 60 CU,
and the
permeability to air of the nonwoven paper being.; 4,000 to 60,000 CU.
Alternatively, the
product comprises either a tobacco strand wrapped with naturally occurring
and/or
reconstituted tobacco or a tobacco strand wrapped with at least two layers of
reconstituted
tobacco or foil tobacco, the permeability to air of one layer of film tobacco
being either <_ 1
CU ("impermeable to air") or 5 to 100 CU ("permeable to air"), preferably 40
to 80 CU.
In the context of the present invention, "filter which is active in the gas
phase" is understood
as meaning a filter which comprises 5 to 65 wt.°,%, preferably 20 to 50
wt.%, particularly
preferably 30 wt.% of a porous material of large (internal) surface area which
is active in the
gas phase
Preferably, the filter has a filter ventilation zone running in the
circumferential direction in the
part on the mouth side, and the degree of filter ventilation is 5 to
95°/°, preferably 25 to 75%.
However, the filter can also comprise a means known to the expert for
introducing ventilation
air into the filter at another or any desired point. For example, both the
filter wrapping papers
and the tipping can be in part or completely a perforated zone or naturally
porous.
According to a particular embodiment, the filter which is active in the gas
phase is a double
filter, but it can also be e.g. a mono- or multifilter, the multifilter being
any desired
combination of filters from the group consisting of compartment filters,
interspersed filters,
monoblock filters and/or core filters. In the case of a double filter, the
part on the strand side -
and in the case of monofilters the entire part - preferably consists of a
tissue paper which
comprises 5 to 65 wt.%, preferably 20 to 50 wt °,%, and particularly
preferably 30 wt.° o of
such a material which has a large surface area and is active in the gas phase
According to a particular embodiment, the smokable product is either a filter
cigarette with a
tobacco strand surrounded by a cigarette paper, or a filter cigarillo (without
cigarette paper)
or a filtered cigar, the tobacco strand being surrounded by a coveriry~ leaf
or a covering and
enveloping leaf of naturally occurring or reconstituted tobacco.
A preferred filter - preferably a double filter - has a titter ventilation
zone running.: in the
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
circutnferential direction in the part on the mouth side, the tissue paper of
the filter part on the
strand side being a very voluminous paper. r~ccordin~,~ to this embodiment,
the permeability to
air of the cigarette paper is 10 to l00 Coresta units (CU), preferably 20 to
60 CU, and the
degree of tilter ventilation is 5 to 95°'°, preferably 25 to
75°~0.
Preferably, the tissue paper (in the case of a double filter the tissue paper
of the filter part on
the strand side) comprises 30 wt.°,'° of a material of large
surface area. The part of the filter on
the strand side is, in particular, a core filter with a core of tissue paper
surrounded by a jacket
of material which is virtually impermeable to the main smoke stream.
According to the invention, the filter which is active in the gas phase
comprises a material
which has a large surface area, is active in the gas phase and is a porous
material of large
(internal) surface area from the group consisting of active charcoal,
aluminium oxide,
aluminium hydroxide, bentonite, cellulose, kieselguhr, ion exchangers, light
metal salts,
sepiolite, molecular sieves, silica gels, aluminas and zeolites or
combinations thereof, active
charcoal, sepiolite and silica gel being particularly preferred as substances
which are active in
the gas phase.
Commercially available compartment filters (3-compartment filters) in which
the centrally
located compartment to be filled with the abovementioned material of large
surface area which
is active in the gas phase can vary in size according to the amount of gas
phase to be absorbed
can be employed in construction of the filter. As a rule amounts by weight of
25 mg to 250 g
of the abovementioned materials of large surface area are employed here, the
concrete
amounts employed varying within the weight range mentioned according to the
particle size,
bulk density and degree of ventilation of the preferably ventilated filters.
The highest possible
de~~ree of filling of the compartment is important here. Surprisin~~ly, it has
been found that
even if relatively large amounts of substance which is active in the yeas
phase are employed,
e.g. 100 mg of an active charcoal conventionally used, the adverse taste
effect known to the
expert ("off taste", "off flavour") can be compensated or overcompensated by
strand additives
having an antioxidative action, such as e.g. tocopherol acetate, while
simultaneously producing
a particularly good taste.
Other filter constmctions with material which is active in the ~~as phase
which are known per
U
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
se can furthermore be employed, thus a g. interspersed filters (for example in
the case of a
double tilter the filter section on the strand side is preferably provided
with embedded
amounts, e.g. of granular materials which are active in the gas phase in
amounts of 10 to
150 mg), monoblock filters (the material which is active in the gas phase,
preferably active
charcoal, is glued in places with, for example, polyoletins in the form of a
cylindrical body),
multifilters, which comprise at least two, optionally dit~erent, available
forms of the material
which is active in the gas phase - which can also be dif~'erent - in addition
to the filter sections
which retain the particle phase, and also core filters, in which either- the
jacket or the core
comprises or consists of material which is active in the gas phase, and
alternatively core filters
in which both the jacket and the core comprise or consist of material which is
active in the gas
phase but different in each case, and further filter constructions of the type
mentioned which
are known to the expert. In this connection, the filters can be ventilated by
channels and/or
have a recess filter section on the mouth side and/or a core filter on the
mouth side. All the
filter constructions mentioned which comprise material which is active in the
gas phase can
themselves comprise, both in the material which is active in the gas phase and
in the material
which retains the particle phase, the substances according to the invention
which have an
antioxidative action, and can additionally be provided with further
permissible additives, such
as aromas, fragrances, conventional filter hardeners and other additives
permitted for
cigarettes and cigarillos. It goes without saying that the filter
constructions mentioned which
comprise material which is active in the gas phase are also provided with
conventional filter
material which retains the particle phase or additional filter sections which
retain the particle
phase, in particular with cellulose, cellulose acetate and the tilter
materials which retain the
particle phase and are described in DE-PS 197 53 193 and DE-PS 197 53 195 and
in DE-OS
42 05 658.
In the context of the present invention, it has proved advantageous to employ
a material of
large surface area which has a particle size of 2 mm or less, preferably 15 ym
to 2 mm, or
according to a particular embodiment less than 15 tun, and has an internal
specific surface area
in the range from 50 m'/g to 2,000 m'/g. This applies both to filter
ci~~arettes and to the
filtered cigarillos or cigars according to the invention
In the context of the present invention, "cigarette paper which is active in
the gas phase" is
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
understood as meaning a cigarette paper which comprises at least one of the
abovementioned
materials of large surface area which is active in the gas phase. Thus, for
example, the
cigarette paper can be provided with very fine-particled silica gels,
zeolites. aluminium orides
etc. Alternatively, the cigarette paper which is active in the gas phase can
be. for example, a
two-layered tonacco strand wrappin~,~ which is provided with ven~ finely
ground active
charcoal in a manner known per se (Carbon Filler Paper Innerliner for
Ci'_arettes and Cigars;
Ecusta Paper Division OLIN; Research & Development Dept. report; riuy~ust 27,
1973 )
An embodiment of the invention which is preferred according to the invention
is therefore a
filter cigarette, the tobacco strand of which is wrapped with two layers of
cigarette paper, the
inner layer comprising a cigarette paper of low permeability to air which
reduces the
secondary smoke stream and the outer layer comprising an aromatized cigarette
paper having
a permeability to air of 20 to 100 CU, preferably 40 to 80 CU
The substances which are added to the tobacco and/or other smokable materials
and have an
antioxidative action are preferably chosen from the group consisting of
ascorbic acid, (3-
carotene, retinol, tocopherol (in particular a-tocopherol), its derivatives
(in particular
tocopherol acetate) and precursors, eugenol, jasminaldehyde, cinnamon,
cinnamon extract,
(crude) coffee, (crude) coffee extract, coffeic acid methyl ester, coffeic
acid ethyl ester, ferulic
acid methyl ester, ferulic acid ethyl ester, umbelliferone scopoletin and
curcumin, it being
possible for the substances to be added to the tobacco either individually or
in combination
with one another. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the
invention, the
addition comprises or includes a-tocopherol, tocopherol acetate (T'oAc) and/or
tocopherol
succinate.
According to the invention, the tobacco strand is provided with an addition of
more than
0 1 wt.°,'° to ~ wt.°'° (based on the amount of
tobacco), preferably more than 0 5 wt °,o to 4
wt.%, and particularly preferably 1 wt.°,% to 2.5 wt.% of substances
having an antioxidative
action. If the addition comprises more than one substance having an
antioxidative action,
according to a particular embodiment of the invention the amount thereof added
to the
tobacco is in each case at least 0.25 wt.% to 1.?5 wt °,%.
Accordin;~ to the fundamental idea of the invention - depletion in the 'gas
phase with
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
simultaneous concentration in the particle phase - not only substances havinv~
an antioxidative
action but additionally also the materials mentioned of large surface area
which are active in
the gas phase can be added to the components of the smokable products wiiclr
are accessible
to the main smoke stream This addition of substances which are active in the
gas phase can
optionally be combined with a filter which is active in the gas phase and/or a
cigarette paper
which is active in the gas phase or replace the filter which is active in tire
yeas phase and/or the
cigarette paper which is active in the gas phase, dependin~~ on the nature of
the smokable
product.
The filter cigarette of the present invention has a tobacco strand surrounded
by a cigarette
paper. Instead of tobacco, other smokable materials, including tobacco-
containing mixtures of
these other materials, can also be used in the products according to the
invention. Thus, for
example, "Kretek" cigarettes with an addition of up to 50 wt.% of smokable
spices, or pure
tobacco-free plant cigarettes are also included according to the invention. In
the following,
reference is made exclusively to "tobacco", but this teen is intended always
to include the
other smokable materials mentioned.
The tobaccos or tobacco mixtures employed either completely or predominantly
comprise
expanded or non-expanded lamina tobacco, but can also comprise so-called
industrial
tobaccos, such as rib cut or foil tobacco (FT). In a preferred embodiment, the
substances
according to the invention which have an antioxidative action are
advantageously incorporated
directly into the foil tobacco in a manner known to the expert. Arrrounts by
weight of them of
0.1% to IO%, preferably 1% to 7%, and particularly preferably 2% to ~4% are
incorporated
into the foil tobacco, depending on the physical nature and technically
relevant properties of
the substances according to the invention havin~~ an antioxidative action and
the desired
intended use. Such foil tobaccos are particularly suitable for use in
cigarillos and ciy~ars. for
example as a covering and/or enveloping leaf, but can also be used directly as
(snrokable)
tobaccos or added in the form of a coarse or tine cut to the tobacco mixtures
for cigarillos,
cigars or cigarettes
Preferred tobacco mixtures which can be employed for cigarettes are
- pure Virginia mixtures ("pale")
0
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
- pale mixtures with an Orient content
- so-called American Blend (AB) mixtures
dark mixtures (air cured)
These mixtures can also comprise industrial tobaccos (rib, FT), it being;
possible for the
particular lamina (leaf tobacco) contents to be expanded completely or in
part. In all cases,
the mixtures and the smoking products accordin~~ to the invention to be
produced therefrom
comprise the substances having an antioxidative action which are claimed AB
mixtures are
often employed, e.g. according to the following mixture recipe range which is
preferred
according to the invention:
a) 20 to 40% air cured tobaccos
b) 20 to 70% Virginia tobaccos
c) 5 to 20% Orient tobaccos
d) 0 to 25% foil tobacco
e) 5 to 15% rib cut
~ 0.1 to 5% naturally occurring substances having an antioxidative action,
and additionally conventional additives, such as, for example, "casiny~" and
"tlavour"
Although American Blend (AB) mixtures are preferably employed, in special
cases, i.e. in
respect of the taste position of the product, deviations can be made or other
tobacco mixtures
from "pale" to "dark" can be employed.
For cigarillos and cigars, "dark" tobacco mixtures based on air cured
tobaccos, the naturally
occurring substances having an antioxidative action and further tobaccos
familiar to the expert
and the conventional additives are rather employed tn the case of the
approximately
cigarette-shaped filter cigarillos in particular, a part amount, and
optionally the total amount of
the naturally occurring substances having an antioxidative action is
preferably added to the
enveloping leaf of tobacco foil.
In principle, the substances having an antioxidative action can not only be
added to the
tobacco but also be incorporated into or used to treat individual components
of the tobacco
products which are accessible to the main smoke stream. such as titters,
wrapping papers,
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
wfapplllg tObaCCOS, carrier substances, Sealn SIZe t,tC , in a manner knOwTl
per Se. if the
substances having an antioxidative action are incorporated into the ci~~arette
paper or into the
size of the cigarette seam, the preferred amounts are more than 0 I wt
° o to 20 wt.°,~o, amounts
of 1 to 7.~ wt.°~o being particularly preferred. In addition to the
abovementioned substances
having an antioxidative action, the tobacco strand can be provided with
further additions of
auxiliaries, fillers and aroma substances (additives), in a manner which is
likewise known per
se.
For the addition of relatively large amounts of substances having an
antioxidative action to the
tobacco mixture, in particular for the addition of tocopherol acetate, it has
proved
advantageous to provide the tobacco strand with a double-layered ci~~arette
strand wrapping
(nonwoven paper), the inner layer comprising highly porous wrapping paper
having a
permeability to air of 4,000 to 60,000 CLJ and the outer layer comprising
cigarette paper
which is conventional per se. Any migration et~ects of the liquid additive
from the tobacco
mixture of the cigarette to the outer cigarette paper, e.'~. characterized by
an undesirable
formation of specks, are advantageously prevented or at least reduced as a
result.
Alternatively, smaller amounts of the substances having an antioxidative
action which are
added according to the invention can also be applied in encapsulated form, in
accordance with
DE-PS 42 44 467, to the inner, highly porous wrapping paper.
Other mufti-layered tobacco strand wrapping combinations can also be employed.
For
example, special cigarette papers for the most diverse purposes known to the
expert can be
combined or employed with the inner, highly porous wrapping paper, such as,
for example,
aromatized papers (e.g. according to EP 0 294 972), papers which reduce the
secondary
smoke stream (e.~~. according to EP 0 251 254 or EP 0 338 1 ~O) or papers for
self
extinguishinv~ ciV~arettes (e ;~. according to EP 0 375 844). These civ~arette
papers can of
course also be used alone, i.e. in one layer - especially if relatively small
amounts of substances
- having an antioxidative action are employed for the smokin'.: goods
according to the invention.
This possibility also exists with foil tobacco wrappin~~s, in particular with
ci<~aril(os.
Combinations of tobacco strand wrapping combinations which are preferred
according to the
invention are shown in Tab. 1.
Tab I
il
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
l~9ultilavcrcd tobacco
strand wripping combinations
I ocr wrapping I~tiddlc wrapping Outer wrapping
foi( tobacco (emcloping)FT "impermeable to conventional cigarette
air" (covering paper
leapt (sheath)
highly porous paper --- natural (tobacco) covering
leaf
highly porous foil --- natural (tobacco) co~-ering
tobacco leaf
synthetic em eloping foil tobacco (coveringcotweOional cigarette
leaf (paper) lea(1 paper
(sheath)
highly porous paper --- conventional cigarette
paper
SSS-reducing cigarette--- arom.zti~ed cigarette
paper paper
highly porous paper --- aromatired cigarette
paper
highly porous paper --- self extinguishing
cigarette paper
porous foil tobacco --- an~~ desired cigarette
paper
higly~ porous paper SSS-reducing cigarettearomati-red cigarette
paper paper
am~ desired paper highly porous paper am~ desired cigarette
paper
' paper containing --- ain~ desired cigarette
active charcoal paper
In Tab. l, the first (top) block relates to the filtered cigarillos and cigars
according to the
invention and the second (bottom) block relates to the filter cigarettes
accordin~~ to the
invention. In principle, the wrappings listed can be exchanged or combined
amony~st
themselves (within a row) and with one another (dif~'erent rows) in an
appropriate manner
A filter cigarillo, e.g. an approximately cigarette-shaped filter cigarillo,
which is provided with
an enveloping leaf of foil tobacco which is permeable to air or impermeable to
air and a
covering leaf of naturally occurring tobacco and has a compartment filter, the
central
compartment of which is filled with active charcoal, is furthermore included
accordinv~ to the
tnventton.
- According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the
filter used is a titter
accordin~~ to PCT/CP97/06390 which is active in the ~~as phase and which is a
filter comprising
active charcoal, where the filter cigarette produced with this filter
a) comprises a tobacco strand surrounded by a cigarette paper havin~~ a
permeability to
I~'
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
air of 20 to 100 CU, or a tobacco strand nonwoven-wrapped by a cigarette paper
having a permeability to air of 20 to 100 CIJ, and
b) comprises a double filter having a dev~ree of filter ventilation of 5 to
95° o, of which the
part on the strand side comprises a very voluminous tissue paper comprising 5
to 65
wt.%, preferably 20 to 50 wt.°,% microlinelv '.:round active charcoal,
the parrt on the
mouth side being provided with a filter ventilation zone running in the
circumferential
direction.
Preferably, the abovementioned substances are added according to the invention
to the
tobacco strand either individually or in combination with one another.
However, these
substances can likewise also additionally be added to other components of the
tobacco
products accordiny~ to the invention which are accessible to the main smoke
stream, and of
these preferably the filter part on the mouth side.
According to one embodiment, the tissue paper employed in the filter element
on the strand
side has a weight per unit area of approx. 40 to 60 g/m', an active charcoal
content of 5 to
65% and a thickness of 150 to 200 Vim. A preferred variant has a weight per
unit area of
50 g/mZ and an active charcoal content of 30 wt.% at a thickness of I 80 arm.
In a particular embodiment, the filter part of the double filter on the strand
side is a core filter
according to DE 42 05 658 C2, in which the core is formed from charcoal-
containing tissue
paper, as in the embodiment mentioned first, which is surrounded by a jacket
of material which
is virtually impermeable to the main smoke stream. This material which is
virtually
impermeable to smoke comprises, for example, highly compacted cellulose
acetate fibres
Compared with conventional Filter cigarettes of comparable strength, the
filter cigarette
according to the invention has the advantage that the microcirculation, in
particular of the
mucous membrane of the mouth, is impaired si~,nificantly less and under-supply
of tissue is
thus prevented if a filter which is active in the gas phase is used and
substances which have an
antioxidative action are additionally applied to the tobacco strand This
positive effect is
significantly intensified in parrticular if a-tocopherol or tocopherol acetate
is added.
I .~
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
In the context of the present invention. it has been found. surprisingly, that
- also if a titter
which e.y~. comprises active charcoal, is active in the gas phase and at the
same time retains the
particle phase is used - considerable amounts of the substances added which
have an
antioxidative action pass into the particle phase and the amount thereof is
not or only
insignificantly reduced by the filter which is active in the gas phase and in
the particle phase,
the filter or the pores of the filter material which is active in the gas
phase not being "blocked",
i.e. not blocking up, by these tobacco additives. Surprisingly, an additive or
super-additive
effect of the individual effects of the combination according to the invention
of filter which is
active in the gas phase and charging with substances having an antioxidative
action occurs
here, i.e. an at least additive reduction in the impairment of the
microcirculation occurs. On
the other hand, it has been found that the content of harmful substances in
the gas phase can
be reduced by using a filter which is active in the gas phase, without an
impairment of taste,
i.e. adverse changes in the taste of the main smoke stream, occurring in the
case according to
the invention. The secondary smoke stream also shows no adverse changes in
smell, i. e. those
perceived as unpleasant.
Surprisingly, it has furthermore been found that charging of tobacco mixtures
which are
customary per se with the abovementioned substances having an antioxidative
action - even in
relatively high contents - contributes towards a sensorial improvement of the
particular
mixture and of the smokable products according to the invention.
According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the smokable product is
a filter
cigarette which comprises a tobacco strand nonwoven-wrapped by a cigarette
paper having a
permeability to air of ~10 to 60 CU, the nonwoven paper bein;~ a hi~~hly
porous nonwoven
paper having a permeability to air of 32,000 CU, and the filter of which is a
double filter, of
which the part on the strand side comprises a very voluminous tissue paper
comprising 30
- wt.°'° microfinely ~~round active charcoal and which is
provided with a filter ventilation zone
running in the circumferential direction which comprises, in the part on the
mouth side,
cellulose acetate, the tobacco strand being provided with an addition of about
2% tocopherol
acetate. The double filter has a degree of filter ventilation of about 20 to
about 25°,%, about
50°,0 or about 60 to 75°~0, depending on whether it is a full
flavour, a light or an ultra-light
cigarette The product properties of these preferred cigarettes are shown below
in Tab 2
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
Tab ~
~oduct segment(Mixture Filter Strand casings Filter vcntilaiion
~
Full FlavourAB (comprisesDouble filter. 2-layered: at l2 mg
on the
expanded strand side inside: non-wovencondensate
tobacco) tissue paper about
comprising activepaper with 32.0()020-2~','.6,
CU adntved
charcoal with outside: comenlionalair
about ZO-
Light AB (comprises30 mg microCtnclvcigarette paperat G mg
with
expanded ground active -t0-GO CU (in condensate
tobacco) charcoal each about
(corresp. to case for all ~0'% admixed
30'%, three air
product
Ultra-LightAB (comprisescharcoal). on segments mentioned)at 2 mg
the
expanded mouth side cellulose condensatc
tobacco) about
acetate (CA) GO'%, admixed
filter (in air
each case for
all three
product segments at 1 mg
mentioned condensate
about
70-75'%,
admixed
air
It goes without saying for the expert that the principle according to the
invention - depletion in
the gas phase, e.g. by using a filter which is active in the gas phase and/or
by using cigarette
paper which is active in the ;as phase, with simultaneous concentration in the
particle phase by
charging with substances having an antioxidative action - can also be realized
by using tobacco
cartridges (so-called push-in cigarettes), i.e. by providing a nonwoven-
wrapped tobacco strand
and a sheath with a filter which is active in the ~.~as phase, which the
consumer pushes together
himself to <,ive the finished smoking product (e.y~. ci~,_arette). The
substances havin '.: an
antioxidative action can accordingly be added to the tobacco itself and/or,
for example, to the
cigarette paper of the sheath. The present invention therefore also relates to
the use of a
nonwoven-wrapped strand of tobacco and/or another smokable material and a
filter sheath
which comprises a titter which is active in the gas phase to produce a
smokable product
according to the invention, the strand of tobacco and/or another smokable
material and/or
other components accessible to the main smoke stream being provided with an
addition of
substances having stn antioxidative action. The present invention likewise
also relates to the
l,
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
analo~~ous use of so-called (non-filtered) "push-in cigarillos" in combination
with a filter sheath
which comprises a filter which is active in the ~~as phase, to produce a
snaokable product
according to the invention The present invention therefore also relates to the
use of a strand
of tobacco and/or another smokable material which is wrapped with naturally
occurriny~ and/or
reconstituted tobacco, and a filter sheath which comprises a filter which is
active in the yeas
phase, to produce a smokable product, the strand of tobacco and/or another
smokable material
and/or the wrapping of tobacco and/or other components accessible to the main
smoke stream
being provided with an addition of substances having an antioxidative action.
According to
this embodiment, the strand of tobacco and/or another smokable material
alternatively can be
wrapped with at least two layers of reconstituted tobacco or foil tobacco. In
these cases, the
wrapping can be both impermeable to air (<_ 1 CU) and permeable to air (having
a permeability
to air of 5 to 100 CU, preferably 40 to 80 CU), or can comprise a combination
of wrapping
tobaccos which are impermeable to air and wrapping tobaccos which are
permeable to air.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples.
Example 1
Production of test cigarettes
For the investigations described in the following examples 2 and 3, machine-
made test
cigarettes were produced at the full flavour level on the basis of the
cigarette format required
for this. 4 different cigarette variants were produced in total (tab 3).
The charging with tocopherol acetate (ToAc) took place in the form of a
20°,% ethanolic
solution on the cut tobacco. A procedure was followed here in which in each 10
case kg of
the tobacco were sprayed with the ToAc solution in a rotating treatment drum
in the manner
known to the expert. .A content of 1.5°,'o ToAc in the tobacco was
aimed for during the
meterinv~. Thereafter, the solvent was evaporated off at 22°C and
63°,-o rel. atmospheric
humidity, conditioning for the ciy.:arette production taking place at the same
time (cigarette
versions 1 C and I D). The untreated tobacco mixture (cigarette versions 1 A
and 1 B) served
as a comparison in each case
1 (~
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
The cigarettes were produced with two dit~erent filters. The filters which
were active in the
gas phase were double filters, of which the part on the strand side comprises
a charcoal-
containing tissue paper (with 30 wt.°,~o microfinely ground active
charcoal) and the part on the
mouth side comprises cellulose acetate fibres 'these filters have been called
active charcoal
filters (Ar) in the description and are in cigarette versions 1 B and I B
Conventional
cigarette filters produced from cellulose acetate fibres (C.A) (cigarette
versions 1 A and l D)
were compared with these.
Tab. 3
Overview of the test variants products
Abbre~~iationContent of Description
ToAc of the
filters
used
used
Tvpe Filter length Degree
of
\'cI1t11at1011
('%~ in the Total Charcoal ('%.)
tobacco) paper
(nun) (null)
l A --- C.A 2 l --- 2U
1 B __- AF 21 ( 3 l 7
1 C 1.G AF 2l 13 17
t D l . G C A 2 l --- 20
Example 2
Behaviour of tocogherol acetate Burin s~pokin~ of cigarettes
The behaviour of tocopherol acetate (~'oAc) during smoking of full flavour
cigarettes in the
test variants with cellulose acetate filters and with active charcoal filters
was investigated.
The ci~~arettes were smoked down in accordance with DIN 1020, the condensate
of the main
smoke stream (MSS) beiny~ obtained electrostatically. The particle phase of
the so-called
17
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
secondary stream (SSS) was also isolated for this, in each case 10 test
cigarettes were
smoked down in an 18 m' chamber lined with V2:~ steel such that only the SSS
was able to
disperse in the chamber Thereafter, an aliquot of 180 1 of this was passed at
a tlow rate of
3 l/min throuy~h a Teflon filter to separate out the particle phase.
The stumps (unsmoked tobacco residues) and the smoked ciy~arette filters were
also separated
from one another and collected after smoking of the cigarettes. Ethanolic
solutions or extracts
were prepared from the NISS, SSS, stumps and the smoked filters for analysis
for ToAc
The ToAc was quantified by means of HPLC with DAD (hi~,~h performance liquid
chromatography with diode array detector). A column of the Purospher RP 18, 5
Etm,
No548163 type was employed for this. Methanol was used as the mobile phase at
a flow rate
of 1.0 ml/min and a temperature of 35°C. The detection was carried out
at 285 nm.
Tab. 4
Passage of tocopherol acetate (ToAc) into the main smoke stream (HISS)
Cigarette variantMSS condensatc ToAc in the MSS Coirient of ToAc
in the
condcnsatc MSS condcnsatc
(lllg~Clg.~ ~Illg~Clg.~
1 C 11.3 1.-t2 12.G
l D 13.3 1.-47 ll.l
The amounts of NISS condensation (mg/cigarette) and the amounts of ToAc
detected therein
(mg/cigarette) in the HISS condensate are listed in tab 4 for the cigarette
variants comprising
ToAc. The rel content (%) of ToAc in the MSS can also be seen from tab 4. The
results
obtained show that the content of ToAc in the NISS condensate (°'o) is
at a comparable level in
the cigarettes with cellulose acetate filters and charcoal filters, and in
particular is on average
about 12°,%.
Tab 5
Recovery of tocopherol acetate after smoking down of the test ci';arettes
I
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
Tocophcrol
acetate
(mg/cig<3rcttc)
after
smoking
down.
recovered
in
Cigarettebefore WSS SSS liltcr stump
variantsmoking rccov:crcd
down
f C 11. I ~ 1.-42 3.83 U.GG 2.0-1 7.9~ 7 I
i .
I D 11.8 1.-17 i.~-4 l).8.1 2.11 7.9G G8.7
Tab. 5 gives an overview of the distribution of the ToAc during smokinv~ and
the balance after
the smoking down process has been concluded. The second column of tab. 5
contains the
amounts of ToAc (mg/cigarette) which existed at the start of smokiny~ down.
These are
obtained mathematically from the particular amount of tobacco per ci~.:arette
and the amount
of ToAc added in each case to the tobacco.
Tab. 5 also shows the amounts of ToAc recovered (mg/cig.) in the MISS, SSS,
filter and
stump, and the total resulting therefrom and the amount recovered in each case
(%), based on
the amount present before the smoking down.
Example 3:
A. General study design to demonstrate the influence on the microcirculation
Material and methods
1. Test objects:
The following 4 test objects were investigated by way of example. .<~ll the
test objects were
used in blind form for the study, i.e. neither the subjects nor the study
director could ascertain
which cigarette seas smoked. The cigarettes were those of the full flavour
segment with the
followinL~ designations accordin<~ to example 1
l A, 1 B, 1 C and 1 D
1 ~)
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
2 Subjects
Homogeneous random sample, 8 subjects (N = 8); male, Caucasian, moderate
smokers; no
dental and medical patholo~~ical findings (exception mild chronic
brorrclritis); dentition cleaned;
defined in- and exclusion criteria in accordance with Good Clinical Practice
(GCP) - Standard
(guidelines for proper clinical trials on medicaments)
Age: 38 to 43 years (mean 40.5 years)
Weight: 73 to 78 kg (mean 75.3 kg)
Height: 172 to 176 cm (mean 174.1 cm)
3. Definition of the inclusion criteria for suitability as a subject:
1\~Iale Caucasian, 38 to 43 years, ambulant; no medication; balanced social
status; harmonious
marriage; no clinical pathological findings; free from influenzal intections
for 4 weeks; no
physical or mental disabilities; completed at least the l oth class at school
(professional training
concluded). Reliability and discipline (strict adherence to the investigation
instructions).
Balanced character (no paranoid or accentuated personality structures)
Mloderate smoker ( 10
to 15 cigarettes daily; approx. 0.9 mg nicotine and approx. 12 mg condensate
per cigarette);
no alcohol abuse, no medicament misuse.
4. Definition of the exclusion criteria (unsuitable as a subject):
Non-observance of the inclusion criteria, see above.
5. General exclusion criteria:
Participation in a study (regardless of the type) in the last 90 days:
simultaneous participation
in another study. Inability or unwillingness to be able to or want to meet the
criteria of the
trial plan Alcoholic, medicament- or drug-dependent, neurotic. Persons with
psychiatric
illnesses Epilepsy Risk of suicide Blood donor or blood loss > >00 ml in the
last 6 months.
'Vei'~ht not within -+-/- 10°,'o corresponding to size, sex and stature
- as in the Mletropolitan Life
Insurance Company Tables 1983 or Broca Inder ' 150°, 0 or overweight
(more than '?0°,'0
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
above normal weight) Consumption of abnormal amounts of cotlee. tea or tobacco
in the
opinion of the trial doctor: following a diet or unbalanced nutrition in the
opinion of the trial
doctor; irregular (unsociable) lifestyle; poss. contraindication for the
planned investi~~ations
(tcom the medical point of view). No declaration of willingness (or the
investigations
6. Case history exclusion criteria
Allergic diathesis; intolerances or hypersensitivities regardless of the
nature; diabetes mellitus;
hyperuricaemia; hyperthyroidism or other endocrine diseases; chronic or
terminal diseases
(carcinoma, tuberculosis); hypertension; cardiac insufficiency, coronary
insut~~ciency; coronary
heart disease; heart valve defect; myocardial infarction; cerebral infarction;
disturbances in
cerebral circulation TIA (transitory ischaemic attacks; stage IIa of
disturbance in cerebral
circulation); chronic obstructive lung disease COLD; surgical intervention on
the intestine; any
other chronic disease, haemodialysis; only one fully tunctional kidney;
prostate hyperplasia;
blood coagulation disturbances Expressed view of wantin~~ to give up smoking.
7 Exclusion criteria to be detected on inclusion
Chronic liver complaints (increase in transaminases to twice the normal
values); kidney
diseases or kidney dysfunctions (increase in semm creatinine > 1 2
m~~°% ( 1.5 mg%) or
creatinine clearance 50 - 80 ml/min (< 50 ml/min); leukocyte count below
3,500/~tl; platelet
count below 100,000/yl. Suspected intestinal dysfunctions; suspected pulmonary
or bronchial
diseases (exception mild chron. bronchitis). Stomatologically in need of
hygiene; absence of
more than 2 teeth; periodontopathies, gingivitis.
8. Inadmissible concomitant treatment:
Taking of medicaments or substances within 90 days betore the start of the
study; non-
medicamentous therapy; physiotherapy.
9 Secondary exclusion criteria:
~'I
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
Inclusion criteria not met after the preliminary examination; exclusion
criteria only detected
after inclusion in tl~e study (excluded in the context of this study)
l0. Framework conditions for the investigations
a) Subjects: No alcohol, no coffee, tea or Coca-Cola ~~ 12 h before the
investi~~ation
times. r1t least G hours sleep a day; before the measurements, suf~rcient
acclimatization
and rest (blood pressure RR (measured with a Riva-Rocci apparatus) normal,
heart
rate normal, respiratory rate normal).
b) Measurements: Room temperature approx. 22°C, relative atmospheric
humidity
approx. ?S°,'o. Measurements seated (head is placed in an
ophthalmological mount
duriny~ the investi~,~ation - at the express wish of the subjects). Same time
of day
(hour); same weather situation.
Study character
Double-blind study (progress of the investigations determined by a
randomization generator).
Observation interval, measurement interval
Starting values,
Oth minute start of exposure;
during and after the exposure
2nd minute;
4th minute;
6th minute;
8th minute;
10th minute;
12th minute.
Framework conditions of the investigations constant (temperature re~.:ulation,
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
macrocirculation, acclimatization time approx 2 h)
Exposure conditions
Orientating ti~amework conditions in respect of respiratory rate and breath
volume: the
subjects maintain their usual smoking behaviour during smoking. Each subject
is exposed to
al! the test objects of an investigation series (time interval between
exposures > 24 h). The
sequence of the subjects in the study and the sequence of the exposures to the
various test
objects for each subject is determined by a randomization generator
B. Intrlvitnl microscopy method
(Method description, features)
Continuous, complete microvessel networks are recorded in a target tissue
volume of 1 rnm'
with 60 Kirchhoff nodal points (sites of microvessel branchings) and average
vessel diameters
of < 40 arm.
Before recording of each intravital microscopy measurement value, an
orientating overview of
the complete network in the tissue target volume is obtained - includin~~ its
further in- and
outflows, branching geometry and branchin~~ hierarchy. Vessel identification,
if necessary,
takes place functionally in the context of this study
To show complete microvascular networks in the target region, an intravital
microscopy
examination unit using the combined incident light-transmitted light method
with selective
light generators and selective tiltering is employed. Handling and processing
of the primary
images obtained is computer-assisted (secondary ima~,~e handling and
processing with the
KONTRON computer system).
Tlre vital microscopy findings are recorded under detlned illumination and
filter conditions;
these relate to' spectral distribution of the incident light and transmitted
light components,
beam characteristics, angle of incidence of the incident light component,
specific filtering of
the reflected component and the components penetrating through the tissue,
emission and
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
absorption spectra of the various structures in the tary~et tissue
Documentation of the primary images
Instantaneous microphotographs in small image, film reel or plate format
(NIKON, LINHOF
with ARRI adaptor; to I/8,000 sec); film mat.,rial to ISO 3200/36°.
35 mm cinetilm (colour or black-and-white), complete camera and control system
ARRI (up
to 120 imay~es/sec), Agfa special film; automatic Agfa film development system
Video records (U-matic, Super-VHS; JVC, PANASONIC, BLAUPUNI<T, SIEIVIENS)
The various ~,~eometric and dynamic features of the microcirculation are
measured with
computer assistance by means of image-to-image analysis; in some cases in
pseudo-colour
transformation and computer identification of the primary in~a~~es (computer-
assisted
histological findings). For the intravital microscopy measurements, the
macrocirculatory
framework conditions are to be kept strictly constant and are to be monitored
simultaneously.
Fig. I shows, with the aid of a block circuit diagram, the constmction of the
intravital
microscopy exammarion umt.
Adaptation of the vital microscop~r examination unit with a BA,YTER angioscope
Mass ~tibre
cable
The distal part of a BAXTER angioscope (spec coronaroscupe) is placed in a
commercially
available sterile O P. swab such that fixing of the optical apparatus on the
buccal side is
ensured and at the same time the subject is stressed in an acceptable manner
This procedure
is simulated with the subject before the start of the investigation and is
accepted by all the test
persons Fib. 2 shows a diagram of the placing of the distal optical apparatus
in the cavum
oris of the subjects
At the request of the subjects, the head is fixed in an unconstrained manner
by an
U1711tt1a11nOlO~~1C11 mount (jaw support, forehead support) - adapted
individually in the seated
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
position - during the exposure to the test objects No defined exposure
conditions are
specified to the subjects during.: application of the test objects; they may
proceed in the manner
of their habits (draw volume, draw fi~equencv, number of draws per test
object, time).
The followin~~ features of the microcirculation are measured
* Number of nodal points nNP currently perfused with blood cells in a defined
network unit
(stated as absolute values or as percentage changes compared with the starting
v-alues),
This feature describes the assignment of the perfusion states as "perfused
with blood
cells" or "not perfused with blood cells" according to the following criteria:
duration of
the state longer than 20 sec; limit cases are evaluated with + 0.5 or - 0.5;
limit flow
rate of the red blood cells v ~ 80 l.tm/s.
* Number of adhering white blood cells on a defined venole inner tvall nWBC/A
(stated as
absolute values or as percentage changes compared with the startin~~ values).
This features designates the number of adhering white blood cells n which
adhere to a
defined venole inner wall surface A for longer than 5 sec. The reference area
is an area
of the venole inner wall A = 18,000 ym'; average diameter of the venoles d =
40 tun,
axial venole length 1= 140 ~.m
* :Arteriolar and venular flow Q", and Q,~n (stated as absolute values or as
percentage changes
compared with the starting values).
This feature describes the tlow (flow intensity) of the red blood cells, that
is to sav the
particle flow.
Recording of the measurement values is computer-assisted in secondary ima~~e
processing
(KONTRON system). Geometric dimensions within a microvessel (diameter d,
radius r) are
measured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vessel from tire inner
surface of the
endothelium to the opposite inner surface of the endothelium (tangents) This
is shown in
,;
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
diagram form in fi~T. 3
C. Statistical analysis of the measurensent v:~lues
For obvious reasons, a parameter-free test method is used Under the
prereduisite of constant
variables in small but biometrically sufficiently lary.;e random samples, the
WILCOXON rank
sum test is used, since with an efficiency of approx. 95°'o it is one
of the most precise
parameter-free methods. The tests are performed at the significance level a =
~° o. The critical
values of T for the WILCOXON test are taken from G A Fer~,~uson. Statistical
Analysis in
Psychology and Education. NIcGraw-Hill, N.Y 1959, 3 18
The starting values are compared with the measurement values at the
measurement times of
the 2nd minute to 12th minute for each test object. It is furthermore tested
whether
signiticantly different feature changes occur after exposure to various test
objects (comparison
of the measurement values after exposure to various test objects at the same
measurement
tunes).
D. Study procedure
Before the start of the investigation, the subjects are acclimatized and their
circulation calmed
in the seated position (thermogrammometric monitorin~~ of the body shell
temperature,
measurement of the systemic systolic and diastolic blood pressure, preliminary
general medical
examination); a preliminary detailed medical discussion on the current
condition of the subject
then takes place (approx. 20 min). The preliminary medical discussion pursues
the aim of
prolonginv~ the acclimatization period, calming the subject further and
building up and
consolidating a firm study doctor-subject confidence relationship (adherence
to the framework
conditions and instructions for the subject before the start of the
investigation)
Exposure to the particular test object and the recording of findings are then
carried out ip the
laboratory in a seated position in the context of a double-blind study
Atter the findings Dave been recorded, the subject is invited to a follow-up
medical discussion
The follow-up discussion serves to further consolidate the confidence
relationship and to
prepare the subject for the next investigation time
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
Durin~~ the follow-up discussion. the subject is also asked about the test
object of the exposure
which has taken place, to ascertain whether e.g. due to individual aversion to
a particular test
object, redundant mental or ve~~etative-somatic factors could have falsified
the measurement
result No indications of such falsifications were obtained in the content of
the present study.
E. Results
The means of the measurements with 8 subjects are shown in graph form in fi'~.
4 and 5
Fig. 4 shows, by way of example, the number of nodal points (nNP) perfused
with blood cells
as a function of time for cigarette versions I A to 1 D according to example
1.
Fig. 5 shows the number of adhering white blood cells nWBC/A as a function of
time for
cigarette versions 1 A to 1 D according to example 1.
It can be seen from fig. 4 that the microperfusion (microcirculation)
determined with the aid of
the number of nodal points perfused with blood cells is impaired to a very
much greater degree
with conventional filter cigarettes ( l A) than in the case of filters which
are active in the gas
phase ( 1 B). As fig. ~ furthermore shows, charging with tocopherol acetate (
I D) also
reduces the impairment of the microcirculation compared with conventional
filter cigarettes to
a comparable extent. With filter cigarettes accordin~,~ to the invention,
which are distinguished
by the combination of a filter which is active in the gas phase with a tobacco
strand charged
with substances having an antioxidative action (here tocopherol acetate 1 C),
there is a further
significant lessening.: of the effects on the microcirculation observed
durin~~ smokinv~. :~ few
minutes after the end of the exposure, the number of nodal points perfused
with blood cells
increases again to the starting value before the exposure.
It can be seen on ti~v. 5 that the number of adherin 'T white blood cells
(nWBC/A), as a measure
of the immune response, is significantly higher during exposure to smoke of
conventional filter
cigarettes ( 1 A) than in cases where conventional litter ci~,~arettes are
cliar~~ed with tocopherol
acetate ( I D) In the case of filter cigarettes according to the invention
which comprise filters
which are active in the alas phase and an addition of substances having an
antioxidative action
,,
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
(here tocopherol, I C), on the other hand, the lowest immune response -
expressed as the
number of adherin~~ white blood cells - is obset~ ed.
This series of tests shows that filter ci~~arettes accordin~~ to the invention
impair the
microcirculation significantly less compared with conventional filter
cigarettes, and thus
represent a si~~nificant improvement from the biological-medical aspect in
respect of acute
efFects on the microcirculation.
Example a
Tobacco treatment with curcumin or ferulic acid ethyl ester
Cigarettes of the full flavour level, described in example l as version 1 A,
were used as a
comparison in order to evaluate the active substances curcumin and fel-ulic
acid ethyl ester in
respect of their passage into the HISS and their physiolo~,.:ical action,
described in example 5.
A procedure was followed here in which in each case 100 ~~ cut tobacco, as
contained in
cigarettes I A, were charged with ethanolic solutions of curcumin or ferulic
acid ethyl ester.
After the alcohol had evaporated off, hand-made cigarettes which corresponded
to those of
comparison 1 A in respect of their format were produced with the tobacco. The
three
cigarette versions were smoked down as described in example 2.
Thereafter, analyses for curcumin or ferulic acid ethyl ester were carried out
on the treated
tobaccos and the condensates of the HISS 'The analyses were carried out by
means of HPLC,
as described in example 2. However, a mixture of water, tetrahydrotilran,
acetonitrile and
acetic acid was used as the mobile phase, and in partICLIIar IIl a ratio of ~
5/25/20/ 1 for
curcumin and a ratio of 77/ 13/9/ I for fenllic acid ethyl ester A Purospher C
18 column was
' used, and the detector was set at 420 nm for curcumin and 325 nm for ielulic
acid ethyl ester
Tile following tab 6 shows the concentration of active compound (°,'o)
which the treated
tobacco had, and the °,o content recovered in the MSS condensate.
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
Tab b
Test obiects for example
Test no Active substance Active compound Passa~~e into
in the main
the tobacco smoke stream
( a dry matter) ('o)
B 142 ferulic acid ethyl0 44 34.81
ester
B 143 curcumin 0 87 0.63
Exnmnle 5
The action of the filter cigarettes produced according to example 4 on the
microcirculation of
the mucous membrane of the mouth of 8 subjects was investigated in a double-
blind study
with the intravital microscopy test methods described in more detail in
example 3 (sections A.2
to D. [method part]).
Test objects:
1 A, B 142 and B 143
Results:
Fig. 6 shows, by way of example, the number of adherin~,~ white blood cells
nWBC/,A as a
function of time for the full tlavour cigarettes (according to example ~l)
with and without the
additives curcumin and ferulic acid ethyl ester (versions 1 t1, B 143 and B
142)
It Carl be seen from tiv~. 6 that the immune response - measured as the number
of adhering
white blood cells (WVBC/:1) - is significantly higher duriny~ exposure to
smoke of conventional
filter ciy~arettes ( 1 A) than in cases where conventional tilter ciy~arettes
are char~~ed with
substances havin~~ an antioxidative action, such as curcumin (B 143) or
fe~ulic acid ethyl ester
,o
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
( E3 1 ~42 )
Example G
An American Blend mixture was charged with ? wt ° o tocopherol acetate
(based on the
amount of tobacco) and the correspondin~~ test and comparison cigarettes were
produced
analogously to example 1.
The sensorial result in the panel of experts showed a si~.:nificant reduction
in the so-called
interference factors such as reactivity, roughness and pungency in the test
ci~,~arettes
comprising 2 wt.% ToAc compared with the comparison cigarettes.
Other mixture systems (i.e. use of other tobacco mixtures charv~ed with 2 wt.%
ToAc.) were
likewise also investigated. A significant reduction in pun~~ency was also
determined in a
straight Virginia mixture (cigarette), and a considerable reduction in
roughness and reactivity
was determined with a pure air cured mixture {cigarillo), the typical
"cigarry" smell of the
secondary smoke stream of the cigarillos filtered and charged accordin~, to
the invention being
evaluated as less pronounced and less unpleasant than the SSK smell of the
comparison
cigarillos.
Legend of the Figures:
Fig. 1: Block diagram of the intravital microscopy examination unit
Fig. ?: Diav~ram of placiny~ ofthe distal optical apparatus in the cavum oris
of the subjects.
The glass fibre cable is embedded in a sterile O P. swab so that acceptable
fixing
between the dental lamina of the ri~,~ht lower jaw and the inside of the cheek
is ensured.
Fig 3 Diagram of the inside of a microvessel to illustrate the determination
of geometric
dimensions
CA 02360852 2001-07-18
Fib, -4 Measurement of the number of nodal points perfused with blood cells as
a function of
tune after the start of exposure in investigations of conventional filter
cigarettes and
filter ci~~arettes accordin<~ to the invention
Fig. 5: Measurement of the number of adherin~~ white blood cells as a function
of tune after
the start of exposure in investiv~ations of conventional filter c.i~~arettes
and filter
ciy~arettes according to the invention
Fig. 6 Measurement of the number of adherin~~ white blood cells as a function
of tune after
the start of exposure for full flavour cigarettes with and without additives.
~I
