Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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VOLTAGE STABILISER FOR ELECTRICAL $NERGY
TRANSPORTATION AND DISTRIBtTTION ;APPLICATIONS
SPECIFICATION
08JBCT OF THE INVBNTLON
The herein descriptive specification refers to an
Invention Patent application, in relation to a voltage
stabiliser for electrical energy transportation and
distribution applications, the aim of which is to
enable its use as a voltage stabiliser at different
electrical energy voltage levels, capable of being
installed in single phase and three phase networks,
l0 consisting of one or several electromagnetic devices of
transformer type and which, in incremental steps,
regulates the output voltage which reaches the
consumers.
FIELD OF T8$ INVENTION
This invention is for application within the
industry dedicated to the distribution of electrical
energy, to be precise within electrical networks with
large voltage drops.
BACKGRODND OF T88 INV$NTION
Problems with the regulation of voltage in
electrical energy distribution networks are customary,
as is the implantation of equipment with the aim of
mitigating the problem.
Worth mentioning is the embodiment as auto
transformers with intake points, controlled by static
or mechanical switches, as well as the use of
motorised, continuously regulated auto-transformers.
This equipment performs the function required of
them, but at the price of a large economic investment
and/or a considerable reduction in supply reliability.
For its part the applicant is unaware of the
current existence of any voltage stabiliser for
electrical energy transportation and distribution
applications that is designed to be implanted in
electrical networks with large voltage drops and which
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presents the same features as the one described in this
specification.
DSSCRIPTIODT OF T88 INYSI~1TIODT
The voltage stabiliser for electrical energy
transportation and distribution applications proposed
by the invention constitutes in itself an evident
innovation within its field of application.
To be more precise, the voltage stabiliser for
electrical energy transportation and distribution
applications takes the form of a voltage stabiliser for
electrical energy transportation and distribution
applications, admitting of installation in single phase
and three phase networks, consisting of one or several
electromagnetic devices of transformer type and which,
in incremental steps, regulates the output voltage
which reaches the consumers.
The basic regulation device consists of a
transformer with a primary dual or quadruple winding,
and with a simple secondary winding, prepared to
withstand the line's full intensity.
The simple winding may be positioned before or
after the parallel branch, the performance of the
equipment remaining the same.
With the aid of the appropriate commutation of the
primary windings, corrections are made to the output
voltage, with the purpose of keeping it within pre-set
margins.
This basic element offers features of very
considerable economy, robustness and efficacy, the
output discretisation being five or nine-step, which
makes the invention of interest to installations where
there is a major problem of voltage regulation and
where a coarse regulation is required at around the
nominal voltage value.
Nevertheless, should greater resolution be needed,
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the invention admits the use of devices in series, with
regulations stepped 4:1.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order to complement the herein description, and
with the aim of assisting in the better understanding
of the invention's characteristics, attached to the
herein specification, and forming an integral part of
it, is a set of plans in which, by way of illustration
and in no way limiting, the following has been
depicted:
Figure 1.- offers a graphic representation of the
single phase scheme equivalent of the equipment's power
circuit and shows, to be more precise, the downstream
compensation which allows the main transformer's power
to be reduced, at the price of not exploiting to the
full the magnetic circuit at r~on-nominal ,voltages.
Figure 1 corresponds to the object of the invention
relating to a voltage stabiliser for electrical energy
transportation and distribution applications.
Figure 2.- offers a view similar to that shown in
figure 1, exploiting. to the full the magnetic circuit
at non-nominal voltages as a consequence of, upstream
compensation.
PREFBRRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The voltage stabiliser for- electrical energy
transportation and distribution applications which is
being proposed and which is specifically designed for
electrical energy transportation and distribution
applications, may be embodied for a single phase or
three phase network. The elements specified are those
used in the single phase equipment, but it should be
pointed out that the construction of the three phase
stabiliser is immediate given that all that is needed
is to triplicate the equipment if one control per phase
is desired, or to triplicate the number of contactor
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and relay poles, should a joint control be desired.
As may be seen in figures 1 and 2, there are two
variants of the single phase scheme equivalent of the
equipment's power circuit, the difference as shown
between both residing in the fact of whether the line
compensation is before or after the parallel branch.
The downstream compensation, shown in figure 1,
allows the main transformer's power to be reduced, at
the price of not exploiting to the full the magnetic
circuit at non-nominal voltages. There is full
exploitation in upstream compensation, the scheme for
which is shown in figure 2.
The voltage stabiliser for electrical energy
transportation and distribution applications is
composed of a transformer, trip/contactor/relay
elements and a control panel.
The transformer takes the shape of a transformer
whose primary voltage is the same as the line's nominal
single phase voltage (Vfn), as referred to in the
figures mentioned above, and whose secondary voltage is
the same as the maximum voltage increase that it is
wished to inject into the line (Viny), also to be seen
in the figures.
The primary winding a.s coiled double in two
electromagnetically identical coils. This enables it
to be connected at the 2*Vfn/Viny connection too.
In the case of downstream compensation, as shown
in figure 1, the power of this machine will be
Viny*Ilinea, where Ilinea is the nominal current of the
line on the stabilised side. In the case of upstream
compensation, the scheme for which is shown in figure
2, the power of this machine will be Viny*Ilinea
(1+Viny/Vfn), albeit the services of compensation
provided are higher.
With respect to the trip/conta.ctor/relay elements,
P'
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it should be pointed out that the equipment requires a
power-cutting element (C1) with one normally closed
contact (NC) and another normally open (NO), at a
nominal line current.
5 In addition two isolator elements (R1 and R2) are
needed, each of which is provided with two normally
open contacts and two normally closed contacts (NO and
NC respectively) , with a nominal Vfn~Viny, the current of
the line. These two elements may be substituted by
i0 static cutting elements.
As for the control panel, it should be pointed out
that it consists of a microprocessor which measure the
output voltage and sends the orders to the trip,
contactor and relay elements, in order that they are
correctly configured far adjusting the voltage within
limits.
As for the mode of operation, it should be pointed
out that the configuration of the contactors as shown
in figure 1 allows for five possible manoeuvres to be
carried out. Namely:
- With C1, that is to say the power cutting
elements, at rest and the isolator elements in any
position, the equipment is physically disconnected from
the network. It should be pointed out that this mode
of operation allows the continuity of the supply to be
guaranteed in the face of a failure in the equipment,
as well as avoiding the introduction of losses in the
non-stabilisation situation.
- With C1 activated and the two isolator elements
3o at rest, the regulator multiplies the input voltage by
(1+0.5*Vfn~Viny) ~ In nominal conditions this means an
injection of +0.5* Vfn/V.
- With C1 and R1 activated and R2 at rest, the
regulator injects into the network a voltage of +VinY V
in nominal conditions. I'
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- With C1 and R2 activated and R1 at rest, the
regulator injects into the network a voltage of -0.5
Viny V in nominal conditions .
- With C1, R1 and R2 activated, the regulator
injects into the network a voltage of -Viny V in nominal
conditions.
That is to say, C1, to be precise the power
cutting element, connects the equipment, while one
isolator element (R1) determines the magnitude of the
trip (0.5*Viny or Viny) and the other isolator element
(R2) determines the configuration's polarity (+/-).
The control of the basic element measures in
network cycle real time the effective values of the
equipment's output voltages, thus permitting them to be
stabilised within a margin of [Vfn +/- Viny /4l , provided
that the input voltage lies within the interval LVfn
+'~' vinY /
The voltage compensation manoeuvres are carried
out in line with the following process, namely:
1.- Deactivation of Cl.
2.- With the aid of C1's auxiliary contact,
verification that the manoeuvre was carried out
correctly.
3.- Activation/deactivation of R1 and R2
(manoeuvre without voltage or current).
4.- Activation of C1.
