Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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The building module and the method of erecting walls of building with the
application of the modules
The abject-matter of the invention is the building module and the method of
erecting walls of buildings with the application of modules shape of which
approximates the worlced tree trunk.
Commonly known are building constructions erected with the application of
logs, most often these of soft-wood that after cutting down, due to a moisture
content, require the long-lasting seasoning. Walls of the construction axe
erected
from logs by means of placing one log on another and their joining by tenoning
technique; in the case of erecting corner walls - the logs provided with
recesses
previously made on their ends ( most often on one side , half way their
thickness)
1 o are attached one to another in a cruciform vVay. Buildings of this type
are erected
from dry logs and that is why, in order to speed up the process of drying, it
is
1C110W11 that logs are subject to longitudinal sawing to obtain narrower
elements,
which are then dried in the industrial chambers and joined again by gluing.
According to the international patent claim No W 0997/39204, the building
module used for erecting walls, namely - flat constructions of walls, is
lcnown. This
module is provided with two parallel wall sections in a form of planes,
external
surfaces of which constitute at the same time the external surface of the wall
under
construction. The timber core of the module joints both parts of the wall and
contains at least one section running longwise the module which - when the
next
2o building module is attached - vertically comes between wall sections of the
next
module in order to form together with it a pin junction, which overtakes
forces that
act crosswise. Both in this one and the other known (e.g. from the European
description EP-0214088 and EP-0744507) similar construction solutions
referring
to modules, vertical forces in principal are transferred by appropriately
matched - in
respect of strength factor- plate sections of walls which constitute at the
same time
the external surfaces of the wall under construction. Obtaining any new outfit
of
walls requires the application of additional finishing materials. According to
the
Polish patent claim P.336370 the building module earmarked for erecting
skeletons
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of building walls is also lalown; this module is provided with equally spaced
3o carrying posts joined together in a rigid way with the application of
distance plates.
In such a solution vertical forces of the formed construction are transferred
by posts
joined together by means of tenoning.
The purpose of the invention is to work out a lightweight construction of a
building module which will be able to substitute traditionally used timber
logs.
35 In accordance with the invention, the module is provided with the mantle
profiled on the outside surface which is composed of at least one profile
placed
simultaneously lengthwise and crosswise the carrying ribs; this mantle is
fixed to
the module on the lateral side of its supporting construction provided with
the
carrying ribs placed at the settled distance one from another. The module is
4o provided with the one mantle profiled on its outside surface or two such
mantles
which are fixed to the supporting construction on both its lateral sides. In
the case
when there is only one mantle profiled on its outside surface, the flat mantle
is fixed
to the opposite lateral side of the supporting construction, if necessary. On
the top
and at the bottom of the mantles there are suitable joint ends which act
jointly and
45 serve to join the adjacent modules; on the other hand - at the corners of
walls
erected with the application of such modules - preferable the mantles have on
the
top and at the bottom overlapping cruciform recesses. At the ends of the
module,
plugs shaped to fit the inside contour of the module transverse section are
fixed in
respective holes. The carrying ribs constitute the uniform or segmented
construction
5o composed of cubes and attachments, which are combined in a rigid way with
profiles of the mantle. The attachments are combined with the cubes by means
of
preferably frontal tongue-groove joint or they have arms embracing the cubes
on the
top and at the bottom which are led to combine the above. The carrying ribs
are
provided in their central parts with vertical ports made for threaded
fasteners.
55 The method of erecting building walls with the application of the presented
modules consists in it that the first wall module is placed on the ground-sill
and then
the band elastic seals are put on the mantle ends; next - the successive
modules are
placed one on another with a simultaneous positioning of the carrying ribs
which
are to meet together equally ; in order to fix stable vertical supporting
construction,
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6o the glue is introduced into the contact point of the modules and/or they
are fastened
together by means of the threaded fasteners through the ports made in them; on
the
top of such a supporting construction, the carrying beam is laid; in the case
of
erecting corner walls, if necessary, the modules situated at the corners are
laid
alternately in a cruciform way and they are fastened together on the top and
at the
65 bottom with recesses that were made in them beforehand. Before the assembly
or
during the assembly the modules axe filled with thermo insulation material.
Lightweight and simple construction of the module makes it possible to
erect economical, stable and properly thermally insulated buildings with the
application of various building materials.
70 The object-matter of the invention is presented in the examples of making
shown in the respective figures where: Fig. l presents the first example of
malting of
the building module from a top perspective view, Fig.2 - module from the Fig.
l in a
transverse section across the carrying rib of the supporting construction,
Fig.3 -
module from the Fig. l in a side view, Fig. 4- module from the Fig.l in a top
view or
75 from below, Fig.S - the second example of building module making from a top
perspective view, Fig.6 - module from the Fig.S in a transverse section across
the
carrying rib of the supporting construction, Fig.7 - module from the Fig. 5 in
a side
view, Fig.8 - module from the Fig. 5 in a top view or from below, Fig. 9 - the
third
example of building module making from a top perspective view on the side of
the
80 external wall, Fig. 10 - module from the Fig. 9 from a top perspective view
on the
side of the inside wall, Fig.l l - module from the Fig. 9 in a transverse
section
across the carrying rib, Fig.I2 - module from the Fig. 9 in a top view or from
below, Fig.l3 - the fourth example of building module malting from a top
perspective view on the side of the external wall, Fig. 14 - module from the
Fig. 13
85 in a transverse section across the carrying rib, Fig. 15 - module from the
Fig. 13 in
a side view on the side of the external wall, Fig. 16 - module from the Fig.l3
in a
side view on the side of the inside wall, Fig.l7 - module from Fig. 13 in a
top view
or from below, Fig. 18 - the fifth example of building module making from a
top
perspective view, Fig. 19 - module from the Fig. 18 in a transverse section
across
90 the carrying rib, Fig. 20 - module from the Fig. 18 in a side view, Fig. 21
- module
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from the Fig. 18 in a top view or from below, Fig. 22 - the sixth example of
building module malting from a top perspective view on the side of the
external
wall, Fig. 23 - module from the Fig. 22 from a top perspective view on the
side of
the inside wall, Fig. 24 - the module from the Fig. 22 in a transverse section
across
95 the carrying rib, Fig. 25 - module from the Fig. 22 in a top view or from
below, Fig.
26 - the seventh example of building module malting from a top perspective
view,
Fig. 27 - module from the Fig. 26 in a transverse section across the carrying
rib,
Fig. 28 - the plug closing the module port outlet in a perspective view from
the
inner side, Fig. 29 - the plug of the module in a perspective view from the
external
100 side, Fig. 30 - the same plug in a side view, Fig. 31 - the eight example
of building
module malting from a top perspective view, Fig. 32- module from the Fig. 31
in a
side view, Fig. 33 - module from the Fig. 31 in a top view or from below, Fig.
34 -
module from the Fig. 31 in a transverse section across the carrying rib, Fig.
35 - the
corner fragment of the wall composed of the modules from the Fig. 5 in a top
105 perspective view from the side of external wall, Fig. 36 - the corner
fragment of the
wall from the Fig. 35 in a side view, Fig. 37 - fragment of the wall from the
Fig. 35
in a top view, Fig. 38 - the corner fragment of the wall composed of the
modules
from the Fig.l in a top perspective view from the side of inside wall, Fig. 39-
the
corner fragment of the wall from the Fig. 3 8 in a side view, Fig. 40 - the
same
1 ~ 0 corner fragment of the wall in a top view, Fig. 41 - the ninth example
of building
module malting in a top perspective view, Fig. 42 - module from the Fig. 41 in
a
transverse section across the terminal carrying rib of the supporting
construction,
Fig. 43 - module from the Fig. 41 in a transverse section across the remaining
carrying ribs of the supporting construction, Fig. 44 - the upper profile of
the
115 mantle of the module from the Fig. 41 in a transverse section, Fig. 45 -
the lower
profile of the mantle of the module from the Fig. 41 in a transverse section,
Fig. 46
- the attachment to the carrying rib in a side view, Fig. 47 - the same
attachment
from the Fig. 46 in a top view, Fig. 48 - the cube of the carrying rib in a
vertical
section, Fig. 49 - the same cube from the Fig. 48 in a top view, Fig. 50 - the
tenth
120 example of building module malting from a top perspective view, Fig. 51 -
module
from the Fig. 50 in a transverse section across the carrying rib, Fig. 52 -
the
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eleventh example of building module malting from a top perspective view from
the
external side of the wall, Fig. 53 - module from the Fig. 52 in a transverse
section
across the carrying rib, Fig. 54 - decomposed threading set for modules
joining in a
125 side view, Fig. 55 - fiagment of the wall formed with the application of
two
modules from the Fig. 41 in a vertical transverse section, Fig. 56 - fragment
of the
wall from the Fig. 55 in a longitudinal section across the central section of
the
carrying rib, Fig. 57 - the layer set of two modules presented in the Fig. 50
in a
vertical transverse section, Fig. 58 - corner fragments of building walls in a
top
13o view, Fig. 59 - the twelfth example of building module malting in a
vertical
transverse section across the carrying rib, and Fig. 60 - module in a partial
longitudinal section along the A-A line in accordance with the Fig. 59.
The building module according to the invention is composed of the
supporting construction that is formed of the carrying ribs 1 placed at such a
135 distance one from another which is determined by the stiffness of the
construction
itself. To the supporting construction on one or both its lateral sides, which
form at
the same time external or inner side of the constructed wall, there is
attached the
mantle 2 profiled on the outside surface and made of one or a few profiles 3
placed
simultaneously lengthwise and crosswise the carrying ribs. The ribs have
preferably
140 a form of a rectangular prism, which is situated horizontally. Its height
is at the
same time equal to the thickness of the rib, which measured longwise the
module
amounts to a few centimetres.
The supporting construction with the ribs in a form of rectangular cubes can
be reinforced with e.g. longitudinal fasteners 4. With the purpose to
additionally
145 increase stiffness and stability of the walls, the ribs can be provided
with acting
jointly tenons 5 and mortises 6 earmarked for layer vertical joining of
adjacent
modules and situated on the opposite frontal sides of the ribs. The tenons are
fixed
in a permanent way or they constitute separate units in a form of dowels with
a
circular section, which are stuclt into the adequately fitted mortises on both
frontal
150 sections of these ribs. Moreover, tenon joints enable precise positioning
of the
modules one in relation to another in the course of erecting building walls
what
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ensures that the ribs are combined longwise the entire frontal surfaces
adhering one
to each other.
The mantle 2 is profiled on the outside surface and has a shape of the
155 worked tree trunk; it can have a smooth or any optionally carved surface.
The
profiles of the average thickness in principal not exceeding 2,5 cm have
preferably
flat surface undernetah, whereas their outside surface is adequately profiled
to fit
the outline of this fragment of the mantle which they form.
The ribs are situated in relation to the mantle in such a way that their upper
and
160 lower frontal walls are placed approximately at the height of the upper or
lower
contour line of the mantle or somewhat below or above this height.
The elements of the module can be made of timber both from softwood or
hardwood and/or timber derivatives e.g. chipboards, partially - of plastics or
metal
as well as of any other building materials with suitable strength parameters.
They
165 are joined together in a rigid way by gluing and/or by means of commonly
known
mechanical fastening materials such as e.g. nails, screws or steel-stitches.
The
mechanical fastening materials including screws and steel-stitches that are
used to
attach the mantle to the supporting construction are introduced in the course
of
assembly process from the inner side of the module in order that they are not
visible
17o from the outside.
The length of the module can be optional and it can be fitted to the length of
the wall or to the length of its fragment in accordance with requirements of
the
building project. With a view to describe construction of the module, the
examples
of malting present only short modules which can be obtained also from long
175 modules by their cutting across with a saw to fit the requested length.
Also
thickness and shape can be adjusted in order to meet respective project
requirements; this can be achieved by means of constructing mantles from
smaller
or greater quantity of profiles ( even more than five of them), which are
fixed to the
suppoz-ting construction of the adequate size.
18o The module presented in the first example of making in the Fig. 1, 2, 3
and 4
is provided with the carrying ribs I with a vertical transverse section of a
hexagon
shape, to the both lateral sides of which convex mantles 2 are preferably
fixed by
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glLilllg that in their transverse section have a form of arcs on the external
side. The
mantle is composed of two profiles 3 convexly profiled on the external side
that are
185 joined together longwise their adhering frontal edges by means of the
tongue-
groove joint provided with the separated or its own stiffening tongue 7. The
flat
inside profiles adhere with their entire surfaces to the rectangular walls of
the ribs,
ensuring this way an adequate stiffness of the whole construction on their
full
width.
190
On the top and at the bottom longwise the entire mantle, profiles are
preferably provided with joint ends 8 overlapping each other in the course of
the
wall assembly. The modules placed one on each other are provided along their
full
length with expansion gaps situated at the point of their joint ends on their
frontal
195 side. Inside the segment, between the mantles and the ribs, free spaces
axe formed
that are filled with thermo insulation material e.g. mineral wool or foamed
polystyrene preferably in a form of granulate. On both sides, in the case of
longer
modules forming corners with the adjoining walls on both sides or on one side
at
the end, on the top and at the bottom recesses 9 are made in the mantles; such
200 recesses have a width fitted to the width of the same module profiled on
the outside
surface and j oined in a cruciform way when forming wall corners. Close to the
above mentioned recesses, the modules can be reinforced with the additional
ribs.
The total depth of both recesses amounts approximately to 1/~ of the module
mantle
height. Such a construction of recesses makes it possible to combine in a
rigid way
2o5 all modules forming corners what ensures an adequate stability of the
erected
buildings. The supporting construction of the module presented in the second
example of malting in the Fig. 5,6,7, and 8 is composed of the carrying ribs I
having a form of rectangular cubes to which, on both their lateral sides in a
central
section, rectangular fasteners 4 with chamfered corners are fixed; the
chamfered
210 corners form surfaces which are tangential to the inside walls of the
profiles 3 and
also form on the external side the convexly profiled mantles just lilce in the
first
example.
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Fasteners of the supporting construction adhere with their chamfered corners
to the
profiles in their central section what increases stiffness of the construction
along the
215 full length of the module.
The module presented in the example of malting in the Fig. 9,10,11 and 12 is
provided with the carrying ribs 1, which in a vertical transverse section has
a form
of a pentagon. On one side, to the angular offset of the ribs ( just in the
same way
like in the first example of making), the convex mantle 2 with recesses 9 is
fixed
220 which forms the external side of the constructed building. On the other
hand, on the
second lateral side, the flat mantle 2a composed of one or more profiles
joined
frontally preferably by means of the tongue-groove joints is fixed to vertical
walls
of the ribs.
On the top and at the bottom of this mantle is provided with joint ends 8a
225 overlapping each other in the course of the wall assembly. In the mantle
2a
similarly to the mantle 2, on the top and at the bottom of it recesses 9a are
made
which are readjusted in respect of the dimension to the cruciform joining of
the
identical modules situated at the corners of the erected walls. The ribs are
provided
at the bottom or on the top of them with additionally mounted tenons 5 in a
form of
23o dowels whereas on the opposite side of the frontal side they have
adequately fitted
mortise 6. Thanks to the mounting of tenons into mortises all elements are
additionally combined and the construction itself becomes much more stiff. The
ports 10 made in the ribs longwise the modules malce it possible to introduce
installation materials e.g. electric cables into the inside of walls.
235 The module presented in the example of malting on the Fig. 13, 14, I5, 16
and 17 has the supporting construction composed of the carrying ribs 1 having
a
form of r ectangular cubes, to which on one lateral side in a central section,
a
rectangular fastener 4 with chamfered corners is fixed; the chamfered corners
form
surfaces which are tangential to the inside walls of two profiles forming on
the
240 external side the convexly profiled mantle 2 with recesses 9 just like in
previous
examples of malting. This mantle forms the external wall of the erected
building
walls. On the other hand, the inside walls may be constructed with the
application
of various building materials e.g. boards and plates including carton-gypsum
plates
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which are fxed preferably to bearers made of strips which additionally join
the ribs
24.5 together and, at the same time, stiffen the construction of walls.
The module presented in the next example of malting in the Fig. 18, 19, 20
and 21 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 having a vertical transverse
section in a
form of an octagon, on both lateral sides of which the convex mantles 2 are
preferably fixed by gluing that in their transverse section have on the
external side a
2s0 shape of arcs.
The mantle is composed of three convex outside profiles 3 joined longwise
their
adhering edges with frontal tongue-groove joints. On the top and at the bottom
these
mantles are provided with joint ends 8. On the one frontal side the ribs are
provided
with dowels 5 whereas on the opposite frontal side they have mortises 6
readjusted
255 to the above.
In the central section the ports 10 axe made that are earmarked for leading
installation materials.
The module presented in the example of malting in the Fig. 22, 23, 24 and
25 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 having a vertical transverse section
in a form
260 of a hexagon.
On the one lateral side the convexly profiled mantle 2 is fixed to the
polygonal
offset of the ribs and it forms the external side of the wall. Just like in
the previous
example of malting, this mantle is composed of three profiles 3 combined one
with
another. On the other hand, on the second lateral side the flat mantle 2a
combined
265 of one or a few profiles is fixed to the vertically situated walls of the
ribs. On the
top and at the bottom the mantles are provided with joint ends 8 and 8a and at
the
end - recesses 9 and 9a made in order to join in a cruciform way the modules
situated at the corners .
The next module presented in the example of making in the Fig. 26 and 27
270 has the same construction as the module presented in the Fig. 18, 19, 20
and 21 with
the only difference which is that the central profiles of the mantles have
flat
surfaces on the external sides of them.
The module presented in the example of making in the Fig. 31, 32, 33 and
34 is provided with the carrying ribs 1 having a form of rectangular cubes, on
both
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275 lateral sides of which the mantles profiled on the outside surface are
fixed; these
mantles form uniform profiles. As it has been marked with a broken line in the
Fig.
31 and 34, the mantles can be composed of two profiles combined frontally
longwise their central section line.
As it has been presented in the Fig. 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40, at the corners
280 of erected walls, projecting parts of the modules are provided with ports
opened on
their frontal sides; outlets of these ports are closed with plugs 11 which are
shaped
to fit the inside contour line of a transverse section of the module. The plug
in its
transverse section has a form of a polygon or another figure in the case when
in the
mantles on their inner side e.g. arched furrows have been made. On its frontal
side it
285 can be provided with a flanged offset 12 which is shaped to fit an outside
contour
line of a transverse section of the module.
The method of erecting building walls from the presented modules consists
in that the first wall module is placed on the ground-sill, then - on the
joint ends of
the mantles - band elastic seals are laid and next - the successive modules
are
29o placed one on another with a simultaneous positioning of the carrying ribs
which
are to meet each other equally; into the contact point of the above, glue is
introduced in order to fix stable vertical supporting construction on the top
of which
the carrying beam is laid; in the case of erecting corner walls - the modules
situated
at the corners are laid alternately in a cruciform way and attached on the top
and at
295 the bottom with recesses 9 and 9a.
Before the assembly or in the course of the assembly of walls, free spaces of
the
modules are filled with thermo insulation material. In the course of assembly
segment ends situated at the wall corners and opened on their frontal side are
closed
tightly with the plugs. In order to increase stiffness of the module
construction of
300 buildings under construction spread on a larger area, the walls erected
with the
application of the ground-sill and the upper beam can be additionally screwed
together by means of e.g. long vertical fasteners. The upper part of the
ground-sill is
formed in such a way that the carrying ribs of the first module adhere to its
upper
surface with their entire lower frontal surfaces. The same refers to the upper
305 carrying beam, the base of which is situated directly on the ribs of the
last module.
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Joining of ribs with the application of glue in principal limits the usage of
tenon
joint accompanied with dowels; dowels of smaller dimensions can be possibly
helpful as they facilitate equal placing of the modules in such a way that the
ribs in
the course of erecting walls adhere to each other with entire frontal
surfaces.
310 Irrespective of the above, the joint ends 8 and 8a ease the equal vertical
erecting of
wall with the application of modules.
The expansion gaps that have been formed between the joint ends of the mantles
are
closed with the known elastic seals what ensures stability and tightness the
building
structure independently of the climate conditions.
315
The modules presented in the next examples of malting have such a
construction that is fitted to erect walls and establish stable buildings also
under the
severe climate conditions.
The module presented in the example of making in the Fig. 41-49 is
32o provided with the carrying ribs 1 with the segmented construction, to the
both
lateral sides of which convex mantles 2 are preferably f xed by gluing which
in their
transverse section have on the external side a shape of arcs. The mantle is
composed
of two convex profiles 3 profiled on the external surface and joined longwise
their
adhering edges also with a tongue-groove joint provided with the separate or
its
325 own stiffening tongue 7. The carrying ribs 1 are composed of cubes 1 a,
which
create the main carrying core in a form of a rectangular prism, and
attachments 1b
having a shape of a rectangular prism situated horizontally, side walls of
which
directly adhere to the inside walls of the profiles 3 of the mantle 2 with
which they
axe joined in a rigid way by gluing. Irrespective of joining made with glue,
the
33o attaclunents are preferably on their inner sides additionally attached to
the profiles
by means of at least two bolts led in a straight line with the mantle in order
to
reinforce the construction. The attachments have a width measured along the
module which is equal to the thickness of the cube, but they can also have
larger or
smaller width than the above mentioned. In the extreme making the attachments
335 joined together on their lateral sides may establish a uniform strip in a
form of the
fastener 4 as it has been presented in a general outline shown in the Fig.S
and 6;
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such the fastener additionally stiffens construction of the mantle longwise
the full
length of the module. The cubes in their central section, longwise their
vertical axis,
are provided with the ports 14 envisaged for introduction of the set of
threaded
34o fasteners composed e.g. of a stud-bolt 16 adequately adjusted to fit the
port, a joint
17 in a form of a sleeve with a male- and female thread, a washer 18 as well
as a nut
19. The ports can be performed in the carrying ribs both of the segmented as
well as
the uniform construction as presented in the preceding examples of modules
making
and they can completely or partially substitute tenon j oints. The upper and
the lower
345 part of the port is widened in order to form at the lower part - a mortise
20 for a nut
19 and at the upper part - a mortise 21 for a joint 17. Moreover, at the upper
part
through the full width a recess 22 for a washer 18 has been made. Depending on
the
type of material used for malting fasteners, the bolt with a joint or .the
joint with a
nut may form combined uniform units. The washer is adjusted and mortises are
35o shaped in accordance with dimensions of these units.
The attachment is combined with the cube by means of gluing made on the
surface of the frontal joint 13 where one of the rib segments is provided with
a
tongue and the second one - with a groove shaped preferably in a form of a
fin.
The segmented construction of the carrying ribs facilitates, from the
technological
355 point of view, malting mantles from profiles which are fixed to the
attachments 1b
by gluing ; in this case any usage of large presses with the specialised
equipment is
not needed to form appropriate reproducible three-dimensional profiles. The
attachments are made of materials characterised by high resistance parameters
which are appropriate for materials envisaged for supporting constructions.
36o The mantles themselves accompanied with attachments can be used as
facade elements in traditional buildings with flat walls.
At the end of the module, in the upper and lower parts of it, the recesses 9
can be made in the mantles; they have a width fitted to the width of the same
module profiled on the outside surface which is joined in a cruciform way in
the
365 course of forming corners of the walls.
A part of the rib cubes e.g. the terminal ones, on their opposite frontal
sides at the
corners can be provided with acting jointly tenons 5 and mortises 6 earmarked
for
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layer vertical j oining of the adj acent modules irrespective of the presence
of the
cubes 1 a provided with the ports 14.
37o In the case of erecting a long wall construction, the modules may be
joined together
within the same layer on their lateral side with bolts which are passed
through the
ports I 5 of the attachments 1 b fixed to the ends of the module. The contact
points of
joining on the mantle wall are sealed with a commonly known material such as
e.g.
silicon.
375 In the process of erecting walls, just opposite the ports of rib cubes la,
the
ground-sill is provided with e.g. threaded units such as a fastener 7 which
are
introduced into its mortises and screwed on the previously mounted bolts.
After the
first module has been placed on the ground-sill, which is preferably anchored
to the
foundation, through the ports 14 the stud-bolts 16 are screwed manually into
the
38o joints of the ground-sill. Then, on the threaded upper ends of
bolts the next joints are screwed which are introduced into mortises 21. After
the
washers 18 have been put on cubes, nuts are introduced on the male threads of
joints and strongly tightened with a wrench. After seals 23 have been
previously put
on the upper ends of the mantle, the second building module is laid and joined
with
385 the lower one by means of the identical set of the threaded fasteners.
Eventually, the
upper carrying beam is placed on the modules and also fixed with the threaded
fasteners.
The module presented in the example of making in the Fig. 50 and 51 has
the mantle 2 composed of three profiles 3 which are convexly profiled on
outside
390 surfaces and all carrying ribs 1 of the same segmented construction as
those
presented in the preceding example but provided with vertically performed
ports.
As it has been presented in the Fig. 51 and 55, the modules arranged in
layers form the expansion gaps between the upper and the lower profiles 3 of
the
mantles which are then closed with the elastic seals 23. Within the expansion
gaps,
395 the outside surface of the upper profile is slightly convex whereas
surface of the
lower profile is flat. Referring to the width of the seal it can be assumed
that within
the expansion gaps the profiles have approximately flat surfaces what
facilitates
selection of suitable elastic seals.
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14
Application of the set of the threaded fasteners enables also precise
positioning of
40o the modules arranged in layers one in relation to another what in
principle
eliminates any necessity of forming joint ends ~ of the mantles within these
gaps.
Such a method of modules joining mattes it possible that bolts 16 overtake
vertical
forces as well as the remaining horizontal forces acting both in longitudinal
and
transverse directions.
405 The module presented in the example of malting in the Fig. 52 and 53 is
also
provided with the carrying ribs 1 of the same segmented construction as those
presented in the two preceding examples of the modules but on the one side of
it the
cube 1 a of the rib has a flat vertical wall without any groove made in it. At
their
ends, the mantles can be provided with recesses for joining in a cruciform way
the
4I0 modules situated at the corners . On the one lateral side of the
attachment lb of the
rib, the mantle 2 convexly profiled on its outside surface is fixed and it
forms the
external side of the wall. Just like in the previous example of malting, this
mantle is
composed of three combined profiles 3. On the other hand, to the second
lateral
side, the flat mantle 2a composed of one or a few elements is fixed to
vertically
415 situated walls of the cubes 1 a. On the top and at the bottom - the flat
mantles are
preferably provided with joint ends 8a.
The gaps 24 which have been formed between the attachments of the carrying
ribs
and the mantles 2 can be used for passing through installation materials. In
different
versions of malting e.g. these with the flat mantles 2a, additional ports 10
can be
42o made in the ribs for this purpose.
The module presented in the last example of making in the Fig. 59 and 60
differs from the previous examples with this that the attachment lb of the
carrying
rib is made of e.g. metal flat which is deformed longwise the inside adhering
edges
of the profiles 3 of the mantle 2 in such a way, that the formed sides adhere
with
425 their outside surfaces to the inside flat surfaces of the profiles. On the
top and at the
bottom, in order to combine profiles horizontal arms 25 are led; they embrace
partially the upper and the lower part of the cube lb in which suitable
rectangular
recesses are made in order to obtain equal horizontal frontal surfaces.
Through the
ports made, the attachment is fastened on one side together with the mantle
profiles
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43o by means of bolts and on the opposite side - by means of bolts 26 its arms
25 are
fixed to the cube. After the assembly of the wall performed with the
application of
the threaded fasteners, the arms of the attachments are additionally combined
with
the cubes by pressing their frontal surfaces. The width of attachment is
measured
longwise the module and it is equal to the thickness of the cube or lower than
it is.
435 In a vertical transverse section it has a shape of a polygon with such a
quantity of
sides which is readjusted to the quantity of the profiles in the mantle. The
attachments of such a type are first of all envisaged for construction of
modules
with larger diameters which have the mantles composed of three or more
profiles.
The modules presented in the Fig. l, 5, 18, 26, 41, 50 and 59 should be
44o numbered among the basic modules with symmetrical structures that can be
then
modified together with the remaining modules and respectively form sets of
blllld111g modules of various dimensions and shapes of external walls
complying
with the esthetical requirements as well as climate conditions. Taking into
consideration material economy as well as quality requirements that are
binding in
445 relation to such building materials, the modules provided with the mantles
2
composed of two profiles 3 can be used for erecting walls with a thickness of
over
25cm, which ensure a proper thermal insulation of the erected buildings. The
father
rise of insulating power can be achieved by means of increasing a diameter of
the
module. At the diameter exceeding 30 cm - the mantles are preferably composed
of
45o three profiles whereas in the case of diameter within the range of 40 cm -
four
profiles respectively.
The method of erecting building walls with the application of the presented
modules consists in that the first layer of the wall modules is laid on the
ground-sill;
it is then screwed to the ground-sill through the vertical ports situated in
the ribs
455 with the application of the set of threaded fasteners and then band
elastic seals are
put on the upper ends of the mantles; the above operations are repeated with
successive layers of modules which are laid one on another and screwed
together
with a simultaneous positioning of the carrying ribs which are to meet one
each
other equally; in the end - the carrying beam is placed on the upper part,
which
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16
46o through the ports made in it is screwed by means of the threaded fasteners
with the
last layer of the modules.
In the course of erecting corner walls, the modules provided with recesses 9
and 9a at their ends, are set alternately in a cruciform way and fastened on
the top
and at the bottom using the above recesses.
465 The upper part of the ground-sill is formed in such a way that the
carrying cubes of
the first module adhere with their entire lower frontal surfaces to its upper
surface.
The same refers to the upper carrying beam, the base of which is situated
directly on
the cubes of the last module ribs.
Irrespective of the possibility to join modules situated at wall corners in a
cruciform
47o way, it is also possible - as it was presented in the Fig.58 - to form
corners by
chamfering . In the case of constructing rectangular corners, the modules ends
are
chamfered at an angle a accounting for 45° and then, between the
frontal joining
surfaces of the modules mantle, a sealing material such as silicon is
introduced.
This way there is a possibility to easy create corners of walls, both at an
acute angle
475 as well as an obtuse angle. In these cases, ends of corner modules are
chamfered at
an angle accounting preferably for a half dimension of these angles. Such a
method
of forming corners is possible thanlcs to the fact that modules are fixed
together in a
rigid way by means of the threaded fasteners.
The modules according to the invention, are earmarked for the construction
480 of walls of buildings having various assignment, including apartment
buildings,
bungalows, office buildings, restaurants and premises. Construction of the
module
enables to a high degree to create any optional forms which have ,at the same
time,
reproducible shapes in respect of their entire length. Lightweight and
economical
modules meet quality requirements binding in respect of such building
materials;
4g5 they also make it possible to erect cheap buildings, which are properly
thermally
insulated, stable and resistant to atmospheric conditions.
